Project 949 submarine of Antey type. Antey, submarine: technical characteristics. Combat control of the submarine

History of creation

Description of the structure

Nuclear submarine of project "Antey"

Project evaluation

Specifications

Future

Architecture:

Electronic weapons:

Navigation system:

Power plant:

Armament:

Submarines built according to project 949A:

Future:

Project 949 "Granite" (NATO - "Oscar I").

1. Number of submarines of the project: 2

2. Project image:

3. Composition of the project:

4. Project history:

As a result of the improvement of the potential adversary's naval weapons, the "anti-aircraft" capabilities of the Soviet SSGNs of the project 675 (even after their modernization) looked already insufficient for the guaranteed destruction of his groups. It was required to create a new, much more powerful and long-range missile system with an underwater launch, providing for the delivery of masked strikes from under the water on ships from long distances with the possibility of selective destruction of targets.

The new complex also required a new carrier capable of salvo firing from an underwater position with 20-24 missiles (according to calculations, it was precisely this concentration of weapons that made it possible to “penetrate” the missile defense system of a promising American carrier formation). In addition, the new missile carrier was supposed to have increased stealth, speed and depth of immersion, which provided it with the ability to overcome the enemy's anti-submarine defense and separation from pursuit.

Search work on the creation of a submarine missile carrier of the 3rd generation began in 1967, and in 1969 the Navy was issued an official tactical and technical assignment for the creation of a “heavy submarine missile cruiser”Equipped with an operational missile system.

Indexed project “949” and cipher "Granite", was developed at LMPB "Rubin" under the guidance of chief designer P.P. Pustyntseva. After his death in 1977, I.L. Baranov, and the main observer from the Navy - V.N. Ivanov. When developing a new missile carrier, it was planned to widely use the scientific and technical groundwork and individual design solutions obtained during the construction of the world's fastest submarine of the project .

The Granit missile system, created by OKB-52 (now NPO Mashinostroyenia), had to meet extremely high requirements: the maximum range was at least 500 km, maximum speed- not less than 2500 km / h. Flexible adaptive trajectories, versatility at launch (submarine and surface), as well as carriers (submarines and surface ships), salvo fire with a rational spatial arrangement of missiles, anti-jamming selective control system distinguished from previous complexes of a similar purpose "Granit". It was allowed to shoot at targets whose coordinates are known with large errors, as well as with a long data aging time. All operations for the daily and launch maintenance of missiles were automated. As a result, "Granite" acquired a real opportunity to solve any problem of naval combat in the outfit of one carrier.

However, the effectiveness of a long-range anti-ship missile system was largely determined by the capabilities of reconnaissance and target designation means. The "Success" system, which was based on the Tu-95 aircraft, no longer possessed the necessary combat stability. Was created new system MKRTs- "Legend"

In November 1975, the tests of the Granit missile complex began, which ended in August 1983. However, even before they were completed, Northern Fleet the lead submarine entered.

The "Granite" complex was put into service in 1983. The supersonic anti-ship missile "Granit" has an autonomous on-board control system and a highly stable (anti-jamming) SSN. The following main characteristics of the rocket have been published:line - 10.0 m, diameter - 0.85 m, wingspan - 2.6 m, launch weight - 7000 kg, flight speed - 2.5 m, firing range - 550 km, warhead - nuclear or high-explosive weight 750 kg.

The main characteristics of the Granit anti-ship missile, the increased speed and range, as well as a large warhead mass, improved in comparison with the Amethyst and Malakhit anti-ship missiles, were obtained not only by improving the new missile, but also by increasing its weight and size characteristics.

As a result, not only the Granit anti-ship missile system, but also their underwater carriers - the SSGN of the project 949 significantly different from previously created SSGN projects 670 and 670M.

On the SSGN project 949 adopted three times more than the SSGN projects 670 and 670M missile ammunition, which, with a multi-missile salvo, provides the ability to overcome anti-missile missile defense systems of ship formations. The significantly higher full underwater speed of the new SSGNs allows them to be deployed quickly to the areas of use, and the increased secrecy due to the use of mechanisms and means of protection of third-generation nuclear submarines, in general, increases the efficiency of solving the tasks assigned to them.

SSGN project 949 - a nine-compartment submarine with a cylindrical PK in the bow and middle parts of the ship - the area where missile containers are located. Inclined (at an angle of 45 ° to the main plane of the submarine) outboard arrangement of containers (from above, the missile containers are closed with breakwater shields flush with the outer hull, installed at the rate of 1 shield for 2 containers), their large number and significant dimensions determined the large width of the ship and the developed inter-board space , In addition to anti-ship missile weapons The SSGN is equipped with powerful torpedo and torpedo-rocket armament of two calibers, which is located in the bow compartment of the ship's PC.

To provide the SSGN with a high full underwater speed, a high-power NPU (twin-shaft, with two steam generating and two steam turbine units) and a bifurcated form of the aft end (similar to that adopted in the 661 project) are provided. The main power plant is maximally unified with the project 941, has a block structure and a two-stage depreciation system. The NPP includes two water-water reactors OK-650B (190 MW each) and two steam turbines (98,000 hp) with GTZA OK-9, operating on two propeller shafts through gearboxes that reduce the rotational speed of the propellers and two turbine generators DG-190 ( 2 x 3200 kW).

Torpedo armament is represented by automated 533-mm and 650-mm TA with a quick-loading device with longitudinal and transverse feed racks. Thanks to which all torpedo ammunition could be used within a few minutes. TA allow firing torpedoes, as well as missile-torpedoes "Waterfall", "Wind" and "Shkval" at all diving depths.

The boat is equipped with the MGK-540 “Skat-3” sonar system, as well as a radio communication system, combat control, space reconnaissance and target designation. Reception of intelligence data from spacecraft or aircraft is carried out underwater on special antennas. After processing, the received information is entered into the ship's CIUS. The ship is equipped with an automated, with increased accuracy, increased range and a large amount of processed information, the "Medveditsa" navigation complex.

The SSGN has an unlimited navigation area, incl. in the Arctic regions, which is provided by special reinforcements of the light hull and cabin fencing. For long-term autonomous voyages on board the ship were created good conditions crew habitability with comfortable cabins, sanitary facilities and sports facilities, a recreation area. For the possibility of rescuing personnel in emergency situations, in the fencing of the submarine's cabin there is a pop-up rescue chamber for the entire crew of the ship.

Developed weapons, means of protection, as well as powerful energy, led to a large displacement, the main dimensions, which forced the construction of a third-generation SSGN at Sevmash in the city of Severodvinsk. Serial construction began in the mid-70s, completed in 1981 (1980?). delivery of the lead ship to the Navy Outdoor furniture-525(the first commander is captain 1st rank A. Pauk, later rear admiral; he conducted mooring and sea trials and was taken out of the factory by captain 1st rank A. Ilyushkin). In total, it was supposed to build 20 PLRKs of this type.

According to the project 949 only 2 ships were built, subsequent ships were built according to the project 949A with an additional, to improve the internal layout of weapons systems and auxiliary equipment, a PC compartment and, accordingly, with an increased length and displacement of the submarine.

In the face of constant insufficient funding for the fleet, which began in the early 1990s, the Russian Navy was forced to make a series of difficult decisions aimed at preserving the core of the fleet, including the submarine. This led to a sharp reduction submarine fleet, the accelerated withdrawal of ships with early construction dates and those in poor condition, the direction of available funds to maintain new ships. Project ships 949 were withdrawn from the fleet in 1996.

According to many analysts, as in the development of SSBNs, supporters of the development of SSGNs in pr. 949 overstepped the limits of common sense and logic. On the agenda in the submarine shipbuilding was the issue of creating multipurpose submarines. In this case, in order to solve the problem of defeating the AUG, if any, it would be necessary to solve the multipurpose submarines should act as part of diverse forces - aviation, submarines, NK, etc. We can say that the development of SSGNs in the USSR Navy was fully justified only until the mid-70s. It was by this moment that they, as the main striking force in the fight against AUG, had exhausted themselves and their further development was determined either by inertia or by a complete lack of understanding by the then leadership of the USSR Navy of the laws of the development of military technology.

From the foregoing, the following conclusion can be drawn - the design and construction of "highly specialized" SSGNs made sense only up to a certain point. As world experience shows, the future belongs to multipurpose submarines capable of solving a wide range of tasks, including the fight against attack aircraft carrier formations. But this in no way begs for the high combat capabilities of the ships of the project. 949 .

5. Project outline:

There is no data

6. Reconstruction of the salvo:

7. Tactical and technical data of the project:

surface displacement -12500 t

underwater -22500 t

surface speed -15 knots

submerged-32 knots

immersion depth-600 m.

working immersion depth - 500 m.

length -144 m.

width -18.2 m.

draft -9.2 m.

autonomy-120 days.

crew - 94 people.

missile armament-24 anti-ship missiles "Granit"

torpedo-TA 650mm - 4 pcs.

TA 533mm - 4 pcs.

8. Sources:

V.P. Kuzin, V.I. Nikolsky "The Navy of the USSR 1945-1991", IMO, St. Petersburg, 1996.
- Ilyin V.E., Kolesnikov A.I. "Submarines of Russia: An Illustrated Guide", Astrel, AST, Moscow, 2002.
- Berezhnoy S.S. "Nuclear submarines of the Soviet and Russian Navy", MIA, No. 7, 2001.
- Apalkov Yu.V. "Submarines", vol. 1, part 2, Galeya Print, St. Petersburg, 2002.
- Demyanovsky V., Kotlobovsky A. "Underwater shield of the USSR" Part 1, Major, 2003.
- Special issue of VTA "Typhoon" No. 6, St. Petersburg, 2008.
- Pavlov A.S. "Striking force of the fleet", Yakutsk, 2001.

Project 949A Antey submarines are a series of third-generation nuclear-powered submarines armed with Granit anti-ship cruise missiles, which were designed at the Rubin Design Bureau in the early 1980s. Submarines of project 949A, in fact, are an improved version of the ships of project 949 "Granit", work on which began in the late 60s. The main task of these submarine cruisers is to destroy enemy aircraft carrier strike groups.

The first submarine of Project 949A was adopted by the USSR Navy in 1986. In total, eleven submarines of this series were built, eight of which are currently serving in the Russian Navy. Another submarine is in conservation. Each of the "Anteevs" bears the name of one of the Russian cities: Irkutsk, Voronezh, Smolensk, Chelyabinsk, Tver, Orel, Omsk and Tomsk.

One of the most tragic pages in the modern history of the Russian fleet is associated with the submarines of Project 949A. In August 2000, the Kurs nuclear submarine was destroyed in the Barents Sea along with the crew. The official reasons for this disaster still raise many questions.

One of the main tasks facing the Soviet navy after the end of World War II was the fight against American aircraft carrier groups. Project 949A "Antey" became the pinnacle of development of highly specialized submarine cruisers - "killers" of aircraft carriers.

The cost of one submarine "Antey" was 226 million Soviet rubles (mid-1980s), which is ten times less than the cost of an American aircraft carrier of the "Nimitz" class.

At the end of the 60s, the development of two projects, inextricably linked with each other, began in the USSR. In OKB-52, work began on the creation of a new long-range anti-ship missile complex, which could be used against powerful enemy ship groups. First of all, it was about the destruction of American aircraft carriers.

At about the same time, the Rubin Central Design Bureau began to create a third-generation submarine missile carrier, which would become the carrier for the new missile system and replace the outdated Project 675 nuclear submarines.

The military needed a powerful and effective weapon capable of hitting enemy ships at considerable distances and a submarine with greater speed, stealth and immersion depth.

In 1969, the Navy prepared an official assignment for the development of a new submarine, the project received the designation "Granite" and number 949. The military requirements for a new anti-ship missile were also formulated. They were supposed to have a flight range of at least 500 km, high speed(not less than 2500 km / h), start from both underwater and surfaced positions. This missile was planned to be used not only for arming submarines, but also for surface ships. In addition, the military was very interested in the possibility of salvo firing - it was believed that a "flock" of twenty missiles had more chances to penetrate the echeloned air defense of an aircraft carrier order.

However, the effectiveness of long-range anti-ship missiles was determined not only by their speed and the mass of the warhead. I needed reliable system target designation and reconnaissance means: the enemy first had to be found in the vast ocean.

The "Success" system that existed at that time, which used Tu-95 aircraft, was far from perfect, so the Soviet military-industrial complex was tasked with creating the world's first space system for searching for surface objects and monitoring them. Such a system had a number of advantages: it did not depend on the weather, it could collect information about the situation on vast areas of the water surface, and was practically inaccessible to the enemy. The military demanded that target designations be issued directly to weapons carriers or command posts.

The lead organization responsible for the development of the system was OKB-52 under the leadership of V.N. Chelomey. In 1978, this system was put into service. She received the designation "Legend".

In the same year, the first submarine of project 949 - K-525 Arkhangelsk was launched, in 1980 it was commissioned into the fleet, in 1983 the second ship of this project - nuclear submarine K-206 Murmansk - was commissioned. The construction of submarines was carried out at the "Northern Machine-Building Enterprise".

At the end of 1975, tests began on the main weapon of these submarine cruisers - the P-700 Granit missile system. They were successfully completed in August 1983.

Further construction of submarines was carried out according to the improved project 949A "Antey". The modernized nuclear submarine has one more compartment, which has improved its internal layout, the length of the ship has increased, and its displacement has increased. More advanced equipment was installed on the submarine, the developers managed to increase the stealth of the ship.

It was originally planned to build twenty nuclear submarines under the Antey project, but the collapse Soviet Union adjusted these plans. In total, eleven ships were built, two boats, K-148 Krasnodar and K-173 Krasnoyarsk, have been disposed of or are in the process of being disposed of. Another submarine of this project, K-141 "Kursk", was lost in August 2000. At present, the Russian fleet includes: K-119 Voronezh, K-132 Irkutsk, K-410 Smolensk, K-456 Tver, K-442 Chelyabinsk, K-266 Orel , K-186 "Omsk" and K-150 "Tomsk".

The completion of another nuclear submarine of this project, K-139 Belgorod, will continue according to a more advanced design - 09852. Another Antey-class submarine, K-135 Volgograd, was mothballed in 1998.

The submarines of the Antey project are made according to a two-hull scheme: an internal solid hull is surrounded by a light external hydrodynamic hull. The aft part of the vessel with tail and propeller shafts as a whole resembles the nuclear submarine of Project 661.

The double-hull architecture has a number of advantages: it provides the ship with an excellent buoyancy reserve and increases its protection against underwater explosions, but at the same time significantly increases the ship's displacement. Submarine submarine displacement of this project is about 24 thousand tons, of which about 10 thousand are water.

The sturdy hull of the submarine cruiser has a cylindrical shape, the thickness of its walls is from 48 to 65 mm.

The body is divided into ten sections:

torpedo;
management;
combat posts and radio room;
Living spaces;
electrical equipment and auxiliary mechanisms;
auxiliary mechanisms;
reactor;
GTZA;
rowing electric motors.

The ship has two areas for rescuing the crew: in the bow, where the pop-up camera is located, and in the stern.

The number of the submarine's crew is 130 (according to other information - 112), the autonomy of the ship's navigation is 120 days.

The submarine "Antey" has two pressurized water reactors OK-650B and two steam turbines that rotate the propellers through gearboxes. The ship is also equipped with two turbine generators, two diesel generators DG-190 (800 kW each) and two thrusters.

Submarines of the Antey project are equipped with the MGK-540 Skat-3 hydroacoustic complex, as well as with space reconnaissance and target designation and combat control systems. The cruiser can receive information from the satellite system or from aircraft in a submerged position, using special antennas for this. Also, the boat has a towed antenna, which is released from a pipe located on the stern stabilizer.

The 949A submarines are equipped with the Symphony-U navigation complex, which is distinguished by increased accuracy, large range and can process a significant amount of information.

The main type of nuclear submarine weapons are the P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles (ASM). Missile containers are located on both sides of the wheelhouse, outside the sturdy hull of the boat. Each of them has a 40 ° tilt. The missile can carry a conventional (750 kg) or nuclear warhead (500 Kt). The firing range is 550 km, the missile speed is 2.5 m / s.

The submarine can conduct both single fire and launch anti-ship missiles in one gulp, firing up to 24 missiles at a time. Anti-ship missiles "Granit" have a complex trajectory, as well as good noise immunity, which makes them a serious threat to any enemy. If we talk about the defeat of an aircraft carrier order, then the likelihood of this is especially high with salvo firing. It is believed that in order to sink an aircraft carrier, nine "Granites" must hit it, but even one accurate shot is enough to prevent aircraft from taking off from its deck.

In addition to missiles, Project 949A Antey submarines have torpedo armament at their disposal. The submarines have four 533 mm torpedo tubes and two 650 mm torpedo tubes. In addition to conventional torpedoes, they can be fired with rocket-torpedoes. The torpedo tubes are located in the bow of the ship. They are equipped with an automatic loading system, so they have a high rate of fire - the entire ammunition load can be fired in just a few minutes.

Below is a list of all the nuclear submarines of this project:

Krasnodar. Disposed of at the Nerpa plant.
Krasnoyarsk. It is in the process of scrapping, its name has already been assigned to another submarine of Project 885.
Irkutsk. It is currently being renovated and modernized under the 949AM project. It is part of the Pacific Fleet.
Voronezh. It is in the combat composition of the Northern Fleet.
"Smolensk". Included in the combat strength of the Northern Fleet.
Chelyabinsk. It is in the Pacific Fleet. It is currently being renovated and modernized under the 949AM project.
"Tver". It is in the combat composition of the Pacific Fleet.
"Eagle". It is undergoing renovation, which should be completed this year.
"Omsk". Included in the combat strength of the Pacific Fleet.
Kursk. She died in the Barents Sea on August 12, 2000.
"Tomsk". It is part of the Pacific Fleet, currently under repair.

To assess the effectiveness of the Antey submarines, one should first of all pay attention to the main weapon of these submarine cruisers - the P-700 Granit anti-ship missile system.

Developed back in the 80s of the last century, today this complex is clearly outdated. Modern requirements neither the range of this missile, nor its noise immunity correspond. And the elementary base on which this complex was created has long been outdated.

In 2011, it was announced that specialists from the Rubin Central Design Bureau had developed a project to modernize the submarines of this project. First of all, it concerns the cruiser's missile armament. The containers for the Granit anti-ship missiles will be replaced with launchers, from which it is possible to fire modern Onyx and Caliber missiles. This will turn Antei into a versatile tool capable of solving a variety of tasks.

Below are the characteristics of the nuclear submarine project 949A:

displacement overhead, cubic meters - 12500;
displacement sub., cbm - 22500;
power plant - 2 × OK-650 (with a capacity of 2 x 190 MW);
surface speed, knots - 15;
underwater speed, knots - 32;
Max. immersion depth, m - 600;
autonomy, days - 120;
crew, people - 94;
armament - 24 anti-ship missiles "Granite", TA 650 mm - 4 pcs., TA 533 mm - 4 pcs.

In the coming years, the grouping of Project 949A ships will undergo major modernization at the Zvezda Far East shipyard. According to the plans of the command, the boats of the project will go through the rearmament program for the Onyx and Caliber missile systems. The project for the modernization of submarines and their weapons was developed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau.

According to a number of domestic experts, according to the criterion of "efficiency-cost" SSGN 949-th project is the most preferred means of dealing with enemy aircraft carriers. As of the mid-1980s, the cost of one Project 949A submarine was 226 million rubles, which at face value was equal to only 10% of the cost of the Roosevelt multipurpose aircraft carrier ($ 2.3 billion, excluding the cost of its aircraft wing). At the same time, according to the calculations of the experts of the Navy and industry, one nuclear submarine could with a high probability disable the aircraft carrier and a number of its escort ships. However, other fairly authoritative experts questioned these estimates, believing that the relative effectiveness of the SSGN is overestimated. It was necessary to take into account the fact that the aircraft carrier was a universal combat vehicle capable of solving an extremely wide range of tasks, while submarines were ships of a much narrower specialization.

After the first two ships built according to Project 949, the construction of submarine cruisers according to the improved Project 949A (code “Antey”) began. As a result of the modernization, the boat received an additional compartment, which made it possible to improve the internal layout of weapons and on-board equipment. As a result, the ship's displacement somewhat increased, at the same time it was possible to reduce the level of unmasking fields and install improved equipment.

Currently, the boats of Project 949 have been put into reserve. At the same time, the Project 949A submarine group is, along with Tu-22M-3 naval missile and long-range aircraft, in fact, the only means capable of effectively countering US strike aircraft carrier formations. Along with this, the combat units of the grouping can successfully act against ships of all classes during conflicts of any intensity.
The sturdy steel hull of the double-hull submarine is divided into 10 compartments.

SSGN Project 949A "Antey" (Enlarged diagram)

1 - GAK antennas
2 - Shelves with longitudinal and transverse feed devices from UBZ torpedo-missile armament complex
3 - Forward (torpedo) compartment
4 - Rechargeable batteries
5 - the running bridge
6 - The second (central) compartment
7 - APU
9 - Third compartment
10 - PMU
11 - Fourth (residential) compartment
12 - Containers with PU SCRC "Granite"

13 - Fifth compartment (auxiliary mechanisms)
14 - Sixth compartment (auxiliary mechanisms)
15 - VVD cylinders
16 - Seventh (reactor) compartment
17 - Reactors
18 - Eighth (turbine) compartment
19 - Nasal vocational school
20 - Nasal main switchboard
21 - Ninth (turbine) compartment
22 - Fodder vocational school
23 - Aft main switchboard
24 - Tenth compartment (HED)
25 - GED

Power plant The ship has a modular design and includes two water-to-water reactors OK-650B (190 MW each) and two steam turbines (98,000 hp) with GTZA OK-9, operating on two propeller shafts through gearboxes that reduce the rotational speed of the propellers. The steam turbine unit is located in two different compartments. There are two turbine generators of 3200 kW each, two diesel generators DG-190, two thrusters.

The main armament of the missile cruiser - 24 supersonic cruise missiles complex P-700 "Granite". On the sides of the wheelhouse, which has a relatively large length, outside the solid hull, there are 24 paired missile containers onboard, inclined at an angle of 40 °. The ZM-45 missile, equipped with both nuclear (500 Kt) and high-explosive warheads weighing 750 kg, is equipped with a marching turbojet engine KR-93 with an annular solid-propellant rocket booster. The maximum firing range is 550 km, the maximum speed corresponds to M = 2.5 at high altitude and M = 1.5 at low altitude. The launch mass of the rocket is 7000 kg, the length is 19.5 m, the body diameter is 0.88 m, the wingspan is 2.6 m. Rockets can be fired both singly and in one salvo (up to 24 anti-ship missiles, starting at a high pace). In the latter case, target distribution is carried out in a salvo. The creation of a dense grouping of missiles is ensured, which makes it easier to overcome enemy missile defense systems. The organization of the flight of all missiles of the salvo, additional search for the warrant and “covering” it with the included radar sight allows the anti-ship missile system to fly on the marching sector in radio silence mode. During the flight of missiles, the optimal distribution of targets between them within the order is carried out (the algorithm for solving this problem was worked out by the Institute of Weapons of the Navy and NPO Granit). Supersonic speed and complex flight path, high noise immunity radio electronic means and the presence of a special evacuation system for enemy anti-aircraft and air missiles provide Granita with a relatively high probability of overcoming the air defense and missile defense systems of an aircraft carrier when firing in full salvo.

The submarine's automated torpedo-missile system allows the use of torpedoes, as well as missile-torpedoes "Waterfall" and "Wind" at all diving depths. It includes four 533 mm and four 650 mm torpedo tubes located in the bow of the hull.

Complex "Granit", created in the 80s, by 2000 was already morally obsolete. This primarily refers to the maximum firing range and missile immunity. The element base, which is the basis of the complex, is also outdated. At the same time, the development of a fundamentally new operational anti-ship missile system is currently not possible for economic reasons. The only real way to maintain the combat potential of the domestic "anti-aircraft" forces is, obviously, the creation of a modernized version of the "Granit" complex for deployment on the 949A SSGN during their scheduled repair and modernization. According to estimates, the combat effectiveness of the modernized missile system, which is currently under development, should increase approximately three times compared to the Granit missile system in service. The rearmament of submarines is supposed to be carried out directly at the basing points, while the time and cost of implementing the program should be minimized. As a result, the existing grouping of Project 949A submarines will be able to function effectively until the 2020s. Its potential will be further expanded as a result of equipping ships with a variant of the "Granit" missile system, capable of hitting ground targets with high accuracy with non-nuclear weapons.

Eleven of them were released. The continuation of project 949 "Granit" - the submarines of project 949A "Antey" - had a very different fate: there were both tragedies and fires. But "Antei" faithfully continue to serve the Russian fleet.

After the first two submarines of project 949 were built, the construction of the next was carried out according to a modified project - 949A "Antey". The development was carried out at the Rubin Central Design Bureau under the leadership of the chief designer P.P. Pustyntsev, and then I.L.Baranov.

The improved submarine has a new compartment, increased length and displacement, also managed to lower the level of unmasking fields and install the latest equipment.

Two-body architecture. The hull is designed for a working immersion depth of 480 meters, maximum - 600 meters. Compared to its predecessor, Project 949, the hull length has increased by 10 meters. The increase in size is associated with the appearance of an additional compartment (6th), thanks to which the internal layout of systems, mechanisms and equipment has significantly improved. In addition, it was possible to reduce the level of unmasking physical fields and improve the RTV.

Nuclear submarine of project 949A "Smolensk". Photo: "Zvezdochka"

The hull is divided into 10 compartments: 1 - torpedo, 2 - control, 3 - radio room and combat posts, 4 - living quarters, 5 - auxiliary mechanisms and electrical equipment, 6 (additional) - auxiliary mechanisms, 7 - reactor, 8-9 - GTZA , 10 - rowing motors.

The fencing of the retractable devices was located closer to the bow of the submarine. There were the VSK (pop-up rescue chamber) and containers for the portable air defense missile system "Igla-1".

The submarine is divided into two rescue zones: in the bow (1-4 compartments) there is a pop-up rescue chamber, in 5-9 compartments - an emergency hatch (in the 9th compartment), through which there is an exit in diving equipment.

The submarine is equipped with the MGK-540 Skat-3 hydroacoustic system, as well as a radio communication system, combat control, space reconnaissance and target designation. Reception of intelligence data from spacecraft or aircraft is carried out underwater on special antennas. After processing, the received information is entered into the ship's CIUS.

Nuclear submarine "Voronezh" at the pier of the enterprise "Zvezdochka". Photo: Oleg Kuleshov / Defend Russia

The submarine is equipped with the Medveditsa navigation complex - automated, with increased accuracy, increased range and a large amount of processed information.

Two pressurized water reactors OK-650 M (each 190 MW) and two steam turbines (with a total capacity of 100 thousand hp) with the main turbo-gear unit OK-9. There are two turbine generators (3200 kW each) and two standby diesel generators DG-190 (800 kW each), as well as a pair of thrusters.

24 anti-ship missiles "" in paired launchers, which are located outside a strong hull (range - from 500 to 600 km, speed - at least 2500 km / h). Target designation took place through the 17K114 space reconnaissance and target designation satellite.

The missiles could be launched either singly or in one salvo - with all 24 missiles. When firing in a salvo, the control system automatically distributed targets between the missiles in the group. This made it easier to overcome the enemy's air defense and increased the likelihood of hitting the main target - the aircraft carrier. According to calculations, for the sinking of an American aircraft carrier, nine hits by Granite are needed, and in order for it to stop flying operations, one missile hit was enough.

The submarine's automated torpedo-missile system allows the use of torpedoes, as well as missile-torpedoes "Waterfall", "Wind" and "Shkval" at all diving depths. It includes four 533 mm and two 650 mm torpedo tubes located in the bow of the hull.

The torpedo tubes are equipped with an automated quick-loading device and a mechanized loading device. Thanks to this device, all ammunition can be used within a few minutes.

It was planned to build 18 submarines, of which the last 5 were to be built according to an improved design, but due to the difficult situation in the country, only 11 submarines were produced. The twelfth building - "Belgorod" - was subsequently completed according to the project 949A, further according to the project 949AM, and in 2012 it was re-laid according to the project 09852. The thirteenth and fourteenth buildings - "Barnaul and Volgograd" - were delivered unfinished at the Sevmash pier in the 90s, dismantled in 2012, and parts of the hull structures were used to build new submarines.

Unfinished project 949A submarines Volgograd and Barnaul. Photo: Oleg Kuleshov / Defend Russia

All ships of Project 949A entered the Northern and Pacific Fleets.

Krasnodar. Disposed of. During the disposal process on March 17, 2014, a fire broke out due to non-observance of safety precautions during hot work.
Krasnoyarsk. Sludge awaiting disposal. The name of the submarine was transferred to the new nuclear submarine, the construction of which.
Irkutsk. Repairs and modernization under project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen.
Voronezh. In the combat composition of the fleet.
"Smolensk". In the combat composition of the fleet.
Chelyabinsk. Repairs and modernization under project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen.
"Tver". In the combat composition of the fleet.
"Eagle". Renovated on. a fire broke out on the submarine due to non-observance of safety precautions during hot work. The repair will continue, the boat will be handed over to the fleet in 2016.
"Omsk". In the combat composition of the fleet.
Kursk. She died with the crew under unknown circumstances on August 12, 2000.
"Tomsk". Repairs and modernization under project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen. During the repair on September 16, 2013, a fire broke out due to non-observance of safety precautions during hot work.

To date, out of 11 built submarines, eight remain in service (of which only four are running).

Name of the ship

Factory number

Notes (edit)

Name of the ship

Factory number

commissioning

Notes (edit)

SEVERODVINSK: North machine-building enterprise (2)

06.04.1993 - "Arkhangelsk"

04/14/1987 - honorary name.
"Minsk Komsomolets"
06.04.1993 - "Murmansk"

Historical information of numbered crews of the agro-industrial complex of project 949:,,,

Wrote on "Defend Russia" an article about Project 949A Antey submarines. Eleven of them were released. The continuation of Project 949 "Granit" - the submarines of Project 949A "Antey" - had a very different fate: there were both tragedies and fires. But "Antei" faithfully continue to serve the Russian fleet.

Photo: zvezdochka_ru

After the first two submarines of Project 949 were built, the construction of the next was carried out according to the revised project - 949A Antey. The development was carried out at the Rubin Central Design Bureau under the leadership of the chief designer P.P. Pustyntsev, and then I.L.Baranov.

The improved submarine has a new compartment, increased length and displacement, also managed to lower the level of unmasking fields and install the latest equipment.

Architecture:
Two-body architecture. The hull is designed for a working immersion depth of 480 meters, maximum - 600 meters. Compared to its predecessor, Project 949, the hull length has increased by 10 meters. The increase in size is associated with the appearance of an additional compartment (6th), thanks to which the internal layout of systems, mechanisms and equipment has significantly improved. In addition, it was possible to reduce the level of unmasking physical fields and improve the RTV.

The fencing of the retractable devices was located closer to the bow of the submarine. There were the VSK (pop-up rescue chamber) and containers for the portable air defense missile system "Igla-1".

The submarine is divided into two rescue zones: in the bow (1-4 compartments) a pop-up rescue chamber, in 5-9 compartments - an emergency hatch (in the 9th compartment), through which an exit in diving equipment takes place.

Electronic weapons:
The submarine is equipped with the MGK-540 Skat-3 hydroacoustic system, as well as a radio communication system, combat control, space reconnaissance and target designation. Reception of intelligence data from spacecraft or aircraft is carried out underwater on special antennas. After processing, the received information is entered into the ship's CIUS.

3. Nuclear submarine "Voronezh" at the pier of the enterprise "Zvezdochka".

Navigation system:
The submarine is equipped with the Medveditsa navigation complex - automated, with increased accuracy, increased range and a large amount of processed information.

Power plant:
Two water-moderated reactors OK-650M (each 190 MW) and two steam turbines (with a total capacity of 100 thousand hp) with the main turbo-gear unit OK-9. There are two turbine generators (3200 kW each) and two standby diesel generators DG-190 (800 kW each), as well as a pair of thrusters.

Armament:
24 anti-ship missiles "Granit" in twin launchers, which are located outside a strong hull (range - from 500 to 600 km, speed - at least 2500 km / h). Target designation took place through the 17K114 space reconnaissance and target designation satellite.

4. The submarine "Smolensk" at the dock of the enterprise "Zvezdochka".

The torpedo tubes are equipped with an automated quick-loading device and a mechanized loading device. Thanks to this device, all ammunition can be used within a few minutes.

5.Unfinished submarines of project 949A "Volgograd" and "Barnaul"

All ships of Project 949A entered the Northern and Pacific Fleets.

Submarines built according to project 949A:

Krasnodar. Disposed of. During the disposal process on March 17, 2014, a fire broke out due to non-observance of safety precautions during hot work.

Krasnoyarsk. Sludge awaiting disposal. The name of the submarine was transferred to the new nuclear submarine of project 885, which is being built at the Sevmash enterprise.

Irkutsk. Repairs and modernization under project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen.

Voronezh. In the combat composition of the fleet.

"Smolensk". In the combat composition of the fleet.

Chelyabinsk. Repairs and modernization under project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen.

"Tver". In the combat composition of the fleet.

"Eagle". Repairs at the Zvezdochka shipyard. On April 7, 2015, a fire broke out on the submarine due to non-observance of safety precautions during hot work. The repair will continue, the boat will be handed over to the fleet in 2016.

"Omsk". In the combat composition of the fleet.

Kursk. She died with the crew under unknown circumstances on August 12, 2000.

"Tomsk". Repairs and modernization under project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen. During the repair on September 16, 2013, a fire broke out due to non-observance of safety precautions during hot work.

To date, out of 11 built submarines, eight remain in service (of which only four are running).

Future:
In the coming years, the grouping of Project 949A ships will undergo major modernization at the Zvezda Far East shipyard. According to the plans of the command, the boats of the project will go through the rearmament program for the Onyx and Caliber missile systems. The project for the modernization of submarines and their weapons was developed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau.

6. The nuclear submarine "Smolensk" at the dock of the enterprise "Zvezdochka".

It might be helpful to read: