Workbook Materials and TKM Part 2. Workbook on materials science
Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan State Autonomous Educational Institution of secondary vocational education "Nurlat Agricultural Technical Academy" Workbook on the discipline "Materials science" for a specialty 262019 Designing, modeling and technology of sewing products Developer: Lecturer Specialties. Disciplines Zaitseva TP G. Nurlat 2013 Explanatory note The workbook is intended to assist students of the specialty SPO 262019 Designing, modeling and technology of sewing products (basic preparation) when mastering the discipline of OP.03 Materials science. The workbook contains the structure of the material science of sewing production, the terminological dictionary, assignment assignment and verification to educational materials. General information about materials for sewing production. The notebook also includes laboratory and practical tests, with which students can collect materials to confirm their professional competence. It is proposed for students of NGO institutions, studying by the profession of "Sewing Equipment Operator", as well as for the preparation and retraining of an unoccupied population. Basics of materials science for sewing production Structure Determine the form, structure and properties of sewing materials. Result 1. Code: To determine the type of garment material according to classification A) the type of sewing material according to the production method is defined correctly. B) Classification of textile fibers is called correctly. B) The type of fiber in the sample is defined correctly. Result 2. Code: Determine the type of textile threads according to the classification. A) Types of textile yarns according to classification are true. B) Types of sample yarn are defined correctly in accordance with the classification. C) The form of the main finish of the fabric according to the sample is defined correctly. Result 3. Code: Determine the structure of tissues. A) The parameters of the fabric structure are called correctly. B) The front side in the samples of the tissues is defined correctly. C) The direction of the filaments of the base and duck in the samples of the tissue is defined correctly. D) Types of weaving interlocks are defined correctly. E) Classification of tissues for fibrous composition is called correctly. E) The composition of the fibers of the fabric according to the sample is defined correctly. General information about sewing materials Introduction Most recently, you were busy searching for a prom. At the same time, many issues related to the properties of materials were arisen before: * What materials are suitable for the selected product; * products; What properties should be considered when choosing a material for * What properties of materials affect the design of clothes and should be taken into account when building a drawing of design and manufacturing patterns; * What properties of sewing materials determine the parameters and processing modes in the manufacture of products on the sewing enterprise; * How do materials behave when operating clothes, during her cleaning and washing? These questions are standing before the creators of high-quality clothing. Making clothes are akin to art. It requires creativity, fantasy, skill, understanding of the beautiful, ability to feel the material. The latter is acquired by studying when studying the discipline "Materials". This workbook is part of the Tutorial General Information on Sewing Materials is part of the course "Basics of Materials Science Sewing Production" and developed on the basis of competence learning, the main task of which is to intensify the independent work of students throughout the entire period of study. In the working notebook, students record the results of their educational activities aimed at achieving a certain level of professional competence, expressed through the result. The ways to achieve this result (competence) are described in the criteria for evaluating activities (code). At the end of the study of this benefit, students will be able to determine the form, structure and properties of sewing materials. After studying the result 1. Students will be able to determine the type of sewing material according to the method of production, classify textile fibers and determine their type of pattern. After studying the result 2. Students will be able to classify textile threads, sample the types of yarn and the type of body finishes. According to the study of the result 3, students will be able to determine the structure of tissues. Namely to determine in the samples of the fabric facial side, the direction of the filaments of the base and duck, the type of weaving weave, the composition of the fibers. The study of the result 4 will allow students to determine and characterize the basic properties of tissues: mechanical, physical, technological, optical. The terminological dictionary proposed in the benefit will help students perform tasks. To confirm its professional competence, the student must collect and demonstrate evidence of his knowledge and skills, which is promoted by laboratory classes and test work. Laboratory work should be issued according to guidelines. Upon completion of work, learn to the teacher check. If the work is failed, the student can repeat the collection of evidence of competence. Requirements for the performance of test work are set out at the end of each of them. In case of non-fulfillment of these requirements, the student must additionally work out the training material of a result and perform the work again. The teacher helps the student to achieve one or another result (level of competence), monitors the progress of tasks, keeps records of achievements of each student. The proposed training manual can be used in the preparation of skilled workers by the professions "tailor", "Cutter", "Sewing equipment operator", as well as specialty 262019 "Designing, modeling and technology of sewing products" and will allow them to be competitive in the labor market. The terminological dictionary absolute density is the actual number of threads per 100 mm tissue. Angora - Wool of Angora Rabbit. Hardware yarn - thick, loose, fluffy, low-term thread. Apprement - applying special composition on the fabric to give it density, rigidity, or softness, better whiteness, shine and other properties that improve quality and wear resistance. Reinforced yarn is a yarn having a core, accustomed along the entire length of cotton, woolen, linen or chemical fibers. Acetylation - Treatment of cotton waste by acetic anhydride in an ice acetic acid medium for the production of acetate fiber. Bellen - giving fabric sustainable whiteness. BERDO - consists of flat metal plates (teeth), fixed vertically on two placters, serves to nourish the newly padded thread to the previous one, ensuring the uniformity of the denigration. gloss - fabric ability to reflect falling light. Valya - fabrics that have passed in the process of decoration rolls and having fuel-shaped fastened on the front side (cloth, palp fabrics). Viscose - artificial fiber from cellulose. Water removal - the ability of tissues to resist the penetration of water. Air permeability - the ability of tissues to pass through itself air and ensure the ventilability of clothing. Fiberation composition of fabrics - the composition of the fibers, of which the fabric is made. Fiber is a flexible, thin, durable body whose length is many times superior to the cross-sectional size. Folding Result 1. To determine the type of sewing material according to the classification Theme 1. Introduction Task 1 Enchanting material using educational material 1 Try to perform tasks. Task 1. What is the subject of study of sewing materials? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Opening 2. Choose from the proposed list textile materials (mark the sign \\ /): - natural leather - sewing threads - fabric - knitwear - fluff - Fur artificial - Yarn - Non-woven Materials Task 3. Determine the appropriate expressions of the right and left columns : Technology Selection of materials for the product Materials Science Construction Design Construction Modes and processing parameters Equipment Caring for a product Task 4. Name the requirements for sewing materials. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task 5. Fill in the table by writing your considerations in the free column relative to the functions of materials for clothes. Sewing Materials Functions (Role in Clothing) Materials Verch Lining Materials Steel Materials Warring Materials Finishing Materials Warehide Accessories Materials for Connection Details Task 1.2 Checking the degree of mastering material Task. For proposed materials samples, specify the method of production and purpose. Sample No. 1 Sample No. 2 Estimated material for result 1 Sample No. 3 Examination No. 1 Option I Perform tasks. Task 1. For the proposed material sample, determine its appearance, origin, chemical composition and properties. Mark the answer version is familiar / /. 1.1. Presented fiber: - Wool - silk - cotton - flax 1.2. The origin of this fiber: - vegetable - mineral and artificial animal - synthetic 1.3. The elongation of the fiber presented: - plastic - elastic - elastic 1.4. Fiber Heat Resistance, 0C: 1.5 Fiber Strength, CH / Tex: 1.6 Chemical composition of fiber: - 110 - 150 - 120 - 180 - 140 - 200 - 24 - 36 - 35 - 24 - 3 3 - 14 - 32 - 55 - Serizin - Keratin - Fibroin 1.7 Chemical fiber durability: - Cellulose - stroke-resistant to alkali - not resistant to alkali - resistant to acid - not resistant to acid 1.8 properties of fibers taken into account at B. T. Oh: - Strength - Extension - Gigroscopicity - Heat Resistance - Chem resistance - Special properties Task 2. Find the correspondence between the expressions of the left and right columns: Fabric Textile Knitted Material Knitwear Nonetile Material Leather Natural Textile Woven Material Task 3. List artificial fibers. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Opening 4. Describe the nature of the burning of Lavsana. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ To confirm competence, it is necessary to fulfill the tasks 1, 4 in full.
The working notebook reflects the main topics of the Materials science, studied in the preparation of metalworking specialists. The presented tasks develop thinking, contribute to the consolidation of the material studied in the lessons, instill the ability to independently get the necessary knowledge using the textbook and reference literature. Illustrations help students answer questions and remember the training material.
The notebook allows you to independently work out one or another topic and take the right decision in the process of practical training.
For students of primary vocational education institutions.
Examples.
Indicate which cast iron most widely used in mechanical engineering:
a) deetectic;
b) Zaevtectic.
Emphasize the correct answer.
Emphasize the name of the ore with the greatest content of iron:
a) Brown Zheleznyak (limonitis);
b) Red Zheleznyak (hematite);
c) Magnetic Zheleznyak (Magnezit).
Choose cast irons that you consider alone:
a) synthetic;
b) white;
c) gray;
d) damp;
e) high strength;
e) alloyed.
Stress the correct answers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1. Basic information on the structure, properties and methods of testing metals and alloys
Chapter 2. Basic information on the theory of alloys
Chapter 3. Rolewater alloys
Chapter 4. Heat treatment and chemical thermal processing of iron carbon alloys
Chapter 5. Colored metals and their alloys
Chapter 6. Steel and alloys with special properties
Chapter 7. Solid sintered and mineralocheramic alloys
Chapter 8. Non-metallic materials
Chapter 9. Composite materials
Chapter 10. Polymer Materials
application
Bibliography.
Free download e-book in a convenient format, see and read:
Download the book Materials Science (Metalworking), Workbook, Sokolova E.N., 2008 - FilesKachat.com, Fast and free download.
- Materials Science, Laboratory Workshop, Sokolova E.N., 2017
- Materials science welding, welding of melting, Zorin N.E., Zorin E.E., 2017
- The world around the world, workbook, grade 4, part 2, to the textbook A.A. Pleshakov, E.A. Crochet "The world around. 4th grade. In 2 hours. Part 2 ", Sokolova N.A., 2020
- The world around the world, workbook, grade 4, part 1, to the textbook A.A. Pleshakov, E.A. Crochet "The world around. 4th grade. In 2 hours. Part 1, Sokolova N.A., 2020
The workbook in mathematics of the EGE 2018. Mathematics series is focused on the preparation of high school students for the successful delivery of a single state-owned mathematics exam in 2018 on basic and profile levels.
This allowance is intended to prepare for the solution of stereometer problems of the first part of the Mathematics. It consists of three parts: "polyhedra.
Prisms "," polyhedra. Pyramids "and" Body of rotation ", each of which opens with initial diagnostic work and includes several thematic modules, as well as training work to each of these modules.
In addition to the training work, each module provides the necessary theoretical information and brief methodological recommendations with the analysis of typical examples. Complete the benefits of final diagnostic work in which tasks on all themes of each part are included.
All training and diagnostic work are given in two versions. The notebook is intended for high school students, mathematics teachers, parents.
The publication complies with the Federal State Educational Standard (GEF).
Transcript.
1 State Autonomous Professional Educational Institution of the Tyumen Region Tobolsky Multidisciplinary Technical School Workbook on Material Science Student Courses, Group Profession (specialty) FIO student Tobolsk, 2015
2 The workbook of the educational discipline "Basics of Materials" was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for the Profile of the Welder Technical Profile (Electric welder and gas welding works), approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 12, 2009, the developer organization: HAPOU " Tobolsky Multidisciplinary Technical School »Developer: Tomilov A.V., Teacher Hapow Tobolsky Multidisciplinary Technical School considered at a meeting of the Cycle Commission of Pedagogical Workers of the Technical Direction Protocol 8 from" April 22 "April 2015. Conclusion of the Methodological Council 6 from June 25, 2015 2
3 Contents Guidelines for the use of working notebook General science information. Concept of materials Metals, alloys and their properties Black metals and alloys Colored metals and alloys Powder Metallurgy Thermal processing of metals Polymer materials Ceramic materials Inorganic glass List of recommended sources of information 36 Appendix 37 3
4 Methodical recommendations on the use of working notebook Workbook on the discipline "Basics of Materials", developed for the profession "Welder" (electric welding and gas welding works) and specialty welding production. The workbook may be useful in teaching any professions and specialties with a slope for metalworking. The workbook can be used at lecture and practical classes, to organize extracurricular independent work. When determining clear criteria for estimating tasks, the notebook can serve as an assessment material. The use of working notebook resources allows the teacher to significantly reduce the time for the search and selection of practical material. A variety of tasks: from simple to complex, from standard to creative, allows students not only to consolidate the knowledge gained and master the skills, but also expand them and deepen. Nonstandarity of the setup of tasks will increase interest in discipline and according to the motivation for learning. Before using the working notebook, for certain purposes, students need to give clear explanations for each task, as well as formulate the purpose of the work, only in the first stages. Evaluation criteria Each teacher determines and presents to their students independently, depending on the level of study of discipline. Each task by the author is conventionally marked by signs: o simple task; The task of medium complexity; difficult task; Creative tasks. Workbook is disposable and applied to individual use. four
5 Section 1. General science information. The concept of materials O 1.1. Explain that science is studied Materials science 1.2. From the proposed list of domestic scientists, the founders of materials science, it is necessary to find portraits and sign them: p.p. Alosov, M.V. Lomonosov, S.S. Steinberg, D.K. Chernov, A.M. Butlers, MA Pavlov, I.P. Bardin, S.V. Lebedev, N.A. Minkevich. five
6 1.3. Give the definition: Materials This design materials are 1.4. Fill out the scheme: O 1.5. List the characteristic features of the proposed materials: Plastics Metals Wood Rubber Ceramics Glass O 1.6. Bring three examples of various types of materials: raw materials - semi-finished products - questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. Material history. 2. Interpremant ties of materials science with other sciences. 3. The value of materials science for the profession is a welder. 4. The subject of materials science. 5. Mining and receipt of raw materials and semi-finished materials in the world and our country. 6. Prospects for the development of materials science. 7. Environmental characteristics of obtaining and applying materials. 6.
7 Section 2. Metals, alloys and their properties O 2.1. Give the definition: Metals This is 2.2. Give examples on various features of the classification of metals: 1. Give examples: black metals and alloys of non-ferrous metals and alloys. Indicate the signs of classification 2. Give examples: ligalar metals of refractory metals Indicate the signs of classification 3. Give examples: heavy metal metals Indicate the signs of classification 4. Give examples: Pure Metals Alloys Specify the signs of classification 2.3. Specify the Latin and Russian Name of Metals: For example: Fe Ferrum Iron Cu Al Mg Ti Fe Zn Pb Sn Ni CR O 2.4. Emphasize the correct statement: - All metals have an amorphous structure; - All metals have a crystalline structure; - All metals in solid state have a crystalline structure; - Only structural metals have a crystal structure in a solid state, the rest is amorphous. O 2.5. Cross out the wrong statements, crystals are transparent bodies; - solid bodies that have the right form; - solid bodies whose atoms are located in a certain sequence decrypt the abbreviations of elementary cells: OCC FCC GPU 7
8 O 2.7. Give the definition: Elementary Crystal Cell is 2.8. Sign the elementary crystalline cells: 2.9. Give the definition: isotropy is anisotropy this lines compare the elementary crystalline lattices and metals: (γ-Fe, Ni, Al, Cu, Au, Ag) (Mg, Zn, Cd) (α-Fe, Cr, V, Mo, W) . O Sign up to sign the cell elements: 1 2 O Sign the point of the point defect: o Sign the type of linear defect: O Give Definition: Alloys is 8
9 O Select the correct answer, alloy structural elements are called: 1. Ingredients; 2. Components; 3. Factors. 4. Elements Give the characteristic of the alloys phases: a mechanical mixture of solid solution Chemical element o List alloys: based on iron-based iron based on aluminum o. Stress in the properties of the synonyms: service; operational; physical; chemical; technological; Mechanical. o arrows match the metals and corrosion machines: copper rust steel gray raids aluminum oxide fillet Lead Patina o. Stress the most correct assertion: corrosion arises only as a result of the interaction of metals with liquids; Corrosion occurs only as a result of the interaction of metals with gases; Corrosion occurs only as a result of the interaction of metals with an atmosphere; Corrosion arises when the interaction of metals with its surrounding medium, determine and sign the types of corrosion of metals: and b c d e f z 9
10 2.22. Sign and characterize metal coatings as methods for protecting metals from corrosion: Give the definition: Metal binding. This o Describe the process of metal blasting. Each three properties not related to mechanical: hardness wear resistance fatigue strength shock viscosity. Elasticity. Sizes under the action of loads Write down which mechanical property is determined by the methods of Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers. Decide rebuses: The task "most is the most". Enter suitable metals and their designations Metal Metal Metal Solid soft refractory lightweight heavy Light dear cheap wound rare 10
11 2.30. Strip in the diagram of the plots, the moment of crystallization of alloys. Fig. 1. Diagram "Fe-Fe 3C" Sign the name of the following diagrams (Fig. 1): ACD- AECF sign the designation of the phases of the diagram (Fig. 1): A-; J-; F-; P- ; L-; Fe3C (C) Indicate in the diagram eutectic and ephectoid dots. o Proper emphasize. What group of properties, is the weldability of metals? Mechanical; physical; chemical; Technological in diagram (Fig. 1), define and write down the melting point of clean iron. With Determine and sign what kind of process is shown in the figure? eleven
12 o It is called dendritic. Write in the white ovals of the gold medal. The name of the domestic scientist. We studied and fully described the process of crystallization of alloys. Which is rightly called the father of metallic studies. This medal with imprint his portrait was awarded him for merit in the field of science Write the Greek word uniting tree, nervous cell and crystal what is shown in the picture? And to whom this thing belongs? Questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. Life and activity of D.K. Chernova. 2. The most promising structural metals and alloys. 3. Foundry alloys. 4. Anisotropy of metals. 5. Polymorphic transformations. 6. Protection of metals from corrosion. 7. The history of the use of metals. 8. Precious metals. 9. Metal deformation. Sticker. 10. Lyghamlavk metals. 12
13 Section 3. Black metals and alloys O 3.1. Wrong, what metals and alloys are related to black? 3.2. On the diagram, continue one of the lines 1, 2, 3 (from above), which, in your opinion, separate steel from cast iron, and also specify the value of carbon concentration according to this section of the% cross, cross out that the listed is not a raw material for the smelting of the cast iron, specify arrows, what's from what: 13
14 3.5. Write down, what is the name of this furnace? For smelting what does it apply? Record the main structural parts of the furnace 3.6. Fill out the scheme: 3.7. Sign the furnace for smelting steel 14
15 3.8. Fill out the scheme 3.9. Arrows compare the microstructure and the name of the cast iron. Gray high-strength macked cast iron cast iron cast iron write down the designation of words associated with metallurgy. Name Tain Lines Match Metals introduced into the composition of alloyed steels and their values. Cobalt (CO) increases the toughness and strength of the niobium (NB) chromium (CR) nickel (Ni) provides corrosion resistance and increases the calcination increases heat resistance and increases the impact resistance helps to improve the acidity and reduces corrosion in welded structures. fifteen
16 3.12. Decipher the labeling of structural steel. Art 45 15xst 38khn3ma Decry the marking of instrumental steel. U10A 9khvg P6M5F Decry the marking of stainless steels. 03X28MDT 03x16n15m arrows, match the tables on the weldability steels decrypt the marking of cast iron. LR6 PL2 KCH CHN3HMDSH CHG6S3SH AHS-3 16
17 3.17. Name five products made from cast iron. o Select the correct answer. Ligature This is: - type of steels; - property of steels; - component added with the composition of metals to change its properties; - Catalyst used in chemical reactions, during the melting of alloys can iron be in nature in its pure form, if so, as what? Explain the causes of the complexity of the welding of cast iron. Questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. Domain process. 2. Products of the domain process and their application. 3. Types of iron ore. 4. Deposits of iron ore in the Russian Federation. 5. Application of structural steels. 6. Application of instrumental steels. 7. Application of stainless steel. 8. Cast iron conversion. 9. The mixture for steel smelting. 10. Intensification of the domain process. 17.
18 Section 4. Colored metals and alloys O 4.1. What metals are classified? O 4.2. Mark the checkbox, what method of smelting non-ferrous metals does not exist? 4.3. Fill the scheme, classification of non-ferrous metals, specific electrolysis representatives, what metal is shown in the figure? 4.5. Lines compare the ore and the metal obtained from it. eighteen
19 4.6. Decide rebuses, determine and sign, from which metals products, details are manufactured. (copper, nickel, aluminum, titanium, lead, magnesium) 4.8. Fill the pyramid "gravity" of metals, bottom-up, descending. (Titanium, Magnesium, Copper, Nickel, Steel, Zinc) 4.9. Sign the name of copper alloys. Copper + Tin (up to 6%); Copper + zinc (up to 45%); Copper + nickel (40%) + manganese (1.5%); Copper + nickel (3%) + manganese (12%); Copper + nickel + iron and manganese (up to 1%); Copper + nickel (15%) + zinc (20%); Copper + nickel (6-13%) + aluminum (1.5-35). nineteen
20 4.10. Fill the pyramid of metal melting temperature. (iron, titanium, aluminum, lead, magnesium, nickel) sign the composition of aluminum alloys. Duralumin Aluminum +; Magnal Aluminum +; Silumin aluminum +; Avian Aluminum Decide crossword horizontal: 1. Steel gas flame oven. 2. In it is blown out the cast iron before steel. 4. Allolations. 5.Svarka is. Property. 7. Alloy based on copper, slightly not "Constantine". 8. She covers cast statues. 12. The process of electrical production of aluminum. 15. From him the soldiers. 16. Metal to be treated with the body of stainless car. 17. Alloy characterizing the nerves. 18. Eats metal, honest than termites of wood. Vertically: 3. Domny waste. 6. "Beautiful" metal structure. 9. Secondary crystallization. 10. Property for brinell. 11. "Counting Steel". 13. Metal dad. 14. Coal in the house. twenty
21 4.13. By description, determine the metal. - Metal, silver-white, light, plastic, from corrosion is protected by a dense oxide film, ligalating. - Metal pinkish-red, heavy, plastic, lightweight, has good conductivity, racks to corrosion. - Metal silver-white color, light, plastic, is subject to corrosion, at high temperatures flammable. - metal silver color, light, racks to corrosion, refractory, has a high specific strength. - Silver-gray metal, plastic, light-melting, heavy, delays γ-radiation, poisonous. o Record the definition. Babbit is called several items made of their clean non-ferrous metals: characterize non-ferrous metallurgy with respect to black. Questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. The use of non-ferrous metals. 2. Molding non-ferrous metals. 3. Metallurgy copper. 4. Aluminum metallurgy. 5. Titanium metallurgy. 6. Elemental metals and their alloys. 7. The weldability of non-ferrous metals and their alloys. 8. Prospects for non-ferrous metallurgy. 9. The history of non-ferrous metallurgy. 10. Precious metals. 21.
22 Section 5. Powder Metallurgy O 5.1. Arrange the number of cargo cars according to the sequence of powder metallurgy phases, write down the advantages and disadvantages of powder metallurgy. O 5.3. By analogy, finish the expression. Metallurgy Metals and alloys. Powder Metallurgy Fill out the table. Powder type Purpose Foreign Materials for Bearing Bearing Powders Iron and Graphite Copper Powders, Tin and Graphite for Brake Disc Copper Powders, Tin, League, Graphite, Asbestos, and Ave. Powders of iron, lead, graphite and asbestos for filters Bronze fraction for machine parts Of steel and heat-resistant and loan-resistant alloys for wire. For lamps for contacts and permanent magnets for the cutting tool. Wolves, borax powders and various metals tungsten powders, molybdenum and other refractory metal powders of copper, tungsten and other powders of iron, aluminum, nickel and cobalt. Tungsten Carbide Powders, Titan Carbide, Cobalt 22
23 5.5. List the methods of obtaining powders in powder metallurgy. Determine the term by definition of-activity, which is a heterogeneous composition of metals or alloys with non-metals (ceramics), list 10 products from ceramico-metal materials. Questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. The history of powder metallurgy. 2. Perspectives of powder metallurgy. 3. Methods for producing products from metal ceramics. 4. Basic components of powder materials. 5. Electrodes for arc welding of powder materials. 23.
24 Section 6. Thermal processing of metals O 6.1. Give the definition. Thermal (thermal) processing is 6.2. In the diagram, determine and write down the types of annealed steel: 6.3. The figure shows structural transformations in eutectoid steel with full annealing, determine and write the depicted phases of steel. BUT- ; C-; F-; P one, which of the presented graphs characterizes the heat treatment of metals. O 6.5. Write down for what thermal processing is intended. 24.
25 6.6. Fill out the scheme "Types of heat treatment: 6.7. Define the concept: Processing is the hardening heat treatment of metal products at ultra-low temperatures (below minus 153 s). O 6.6. Fill out the scheme: 6.7. Decide the rebus. (! Tip: gives carbon!) 6.8. Give an assessment of the weldability of the hardened steel, which substances occurs with the saturation of the metal with the types of diffusion heat treatment and for which they are produced. Altitating Chrome Silicing Typography Sulfidation Sulfocyanization. 25.
26 6.10. Arrange the types of heat treatment at the speed of cooling. (1 largest, 4 smallest). O Insert the missed properties. When hardening steel, it increases, and decreases to determine the graphics and sign the type of heat treatment 1; 2; 3; 4. What denotes the points of which value: AC1, AC3, O. Emplish, the correct answer: aging in heat treatment is a) the process of the destruction of the metal because of its fatigue. B) the damage to metal corrosion, threatening performance. C) Vacation type. D) a mechanical property. 26.
27 6.14. Fill out the second column of the table. Displays the temperature value. The main transformations in iron-carbon alloys with slow heating and cooling the line in the chart of the conversion temperature, with the description of the transformation of the designation of critical points PSK transformation of the perlite in the austenite. The conversion of austenite into perlite AC1, AR1 MO GS SE IE - ECF - the loss of magnetic properties for steels with a carbon content of up to 0.5%. The occurrence of magnetic properties for the same steps. The end of the dissolution of ferrite in the austenite in the deetectoid steel. The beginning of the release of ferrite from austenite in dasietectoid steel. The end of the cementite dissolution in the austenite in the strokes. The beginning of the isolation of cementite from austenite in the zalentectoid stools. The start of melting steel when heated. The end of steel solidification when cooling the start of melting cast iron when heated. The end of the solidification of the cast iron when cooling AC2, AR2 AC3, AR3 ACM, ARM Fill in the table defects during annealing and normalization Type of defect causes the reason for the disposal of defects when quenching questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. Thermal processing of alloyed steels. 2. Thermal treatment of aluminum and alloys based on it. 3. Thermal processing of copper and alloys based on it. 4. Thermal treatment of titanium and titanium alloys. 5. Thermal processing of magnesium and its alloys. 6. Thermal processing of cast iron. 7. Sources of heat during heat treatment. 8. Thermal processing during welding of metals. 27.
28 Section 7. Polymer materials 7.1. Fill out the scheme: O 7.2. Give the definition. Plastics (plastic masses) is 7.3. Arrange the type of polymer according to the numbering. 28.
29 7.4. Fill in the table Composition of complex plastics component Purpose that is used as a component of resin fillers Plasticizers Lubrication Stabilizers Catalysts O 7.5. Describe the type of plastics: thermosetting thermoplastic 7.6. Fill the table. Thermoplastic plastics plastic sphere of application Polyethylene polyvinyl chloride polyvinet (PVC) polycarbonate Polycarbonates Thermoreactive plastics plastic sphere of application Fenoplasts AMINOLAST Fiberglass Fiberglass Polyesters Epoxy Resin O 7.7. Give the definition. Rubber This is 7.8. Specify the main properties of rubber: 29
30 O 7.9. Determine the term: this is a high-volcanized rubber with a large sulfur content, usually dark-brown color, chemically inert, has high electrical insulating properties List the main ingredients of rubber Indicate the positive and negative aspects of the application of plastics on the thermomechanical direct, determine the condition of the polymer in various parts of the temperature: I - II - III- 30
31 7.13. Decide the rebus. o Establish the numbering of the train cars according to the sequence of manufacturing stages of rubber products. List reinforcing substances for the manufacture of polymer composites: o Listed methods for welding plastics. Questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. The history of the use of plastic masses. 2. The history of the use of rubber. 3. History of the development of synthetic rubber Lebedev S.V. 4. Prospects for the development of polymeric materials. 5. Environmental component of the production of polymers. 6. Environmental assessment of polymeric materials. 7. Polymer materials with special properties. 8. The use of plastics, in welding business. 9. Application of ebonite. 10. Processing plastics in different states. 31.
32 Section 8. Ceramic materials O 8.1. Give the definition. Ceramics is 8.2. Fill out the scheme: 8.3. Indicate what the difference in Ceramics from Satalles How does the ceramics save people and military equipment? 8.5. Choose the most promising method of welding technical ceramics. O 8.6. Pass the numbering of the train cars according to the sequence of the stages of ceramics fill in the "Types of Technical Ceramics" table. Groups of technical ceramics 1 Structural type of ceramics (1-2 of the group) Composition Application 2 Instrumental 3 Electradotechnical 4 with special properties 32
33 8.7. Name the origin of the word "ceramics" 8.8. Solve the Rus, name the advantages of ceramic materials over the other, choose any educational audience, workshops and a room in the house, and list all the materials made from ceramics. Questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. The history of ceramics. 2. Classification of ceramics. 3. The use of ceramics. 4. Prospects for the development of ceramic materials. 5. Use of ceramics in welding production. 6. Benefits of ceramics over other materials. 33.
34 Section 9. Inorganic glass O 9.1. What is called glass? 9.2. Write down in the scheme "Types of stalk" (on glass-forming substances) according to formulas: O 9.3. Determine the term: - this is a crystalline glass. O 9.4. What glass is most common, and is used to make windows in everyday life? 9.5. Indicate the basic properties The decisive application of the glass fill in the table "Materials from glass": type of material 1 Sheet glass 2 Triplex 3 Thermopan is an application 4 Stalint 5 fiberglass 6 glass gamble 7 glass foambile 34
35 9.7. Record the main branches of the application of glass materials, give examples of lines compare the types of brakes and their formulas what is photochromic glass, and how they are used in welding production. o Describe the filters for what are the filters, and where they apply. o Specify the wine glasses with this composition. Specify the methods of welding glass: questions for additional study (themes for messages, abstracts, presentations) 1. History of glass. 2. The contribution of domestic scientists in learning glass. 3. Light filters for welding. 4. Production of stalk. 5. Classification of glasses and glass materials. 6. Armored windows. 7. Prospects for the use of glass materials. 35.
36 Sources of information Literature Literature 1. Adskin A.M. Materials Science (Metalworking): Tutorial. For start. prof. Images. / A.M. Adakin, V.M. Zuev. 6th ed., Ched. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", p. - (Professional education). 2. Vishnevetsky Yu.T. Materials science for technical colleges: textbook. M.: Dashkov and Co, Patchin V. N. Material science reference manual (metalworking): studies. Manual for start. prof. Education / V.N. Pattin, Yu. I. Sapozhnikov, A. V. Dubov; Ed. V.N. Pattenina. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", p. 4. Materials Science: Textbook for SPO. / Adakin A.M. and others. Ed. Solomentseva Yu.M. M.: Higher. Shk., Materials Science: Textbook for SPO. / Ed. Baitienko V.T. M.: Infra-M, Sailors O.S. Materials Science: Textbook for SPO. M.: Academy, Materials Studies (Metalworking): studies. Manual for NGOs. / Patchin V.N. M.: Academy, Solntsev Yu.P. Materials Science: Textbook for SPO. M.: Academy, Reference book on structural materials. / Ed. Arzamasova B.N. M.: MSTU them. Bauman, Cherepakhin A.A. Materials Science: Textbook for SPO. M.: Academy, Chumachenko Yu.T. Materials science and fitting: studies. benefit. Rostov N / D: Phoenix, Chumachenko Y.T. Materials Science: Textbook for SPO. Rostov N / D: Phoenix, List of periodicals 1. "All materials. Encyclopedic directory. GL Editor Acad. RAS A.A. Berlin. Publishing house "Science and Technology". 2. Materials Magazine. GL Editor Acad. RAS K.A. Solders. Publishing house "Science and Technology". 3. Magazine "Materials Science". GL editor d. Tech. Sciences, Associate Professor A. S. Oryshchenko. Publishing house FSUE "TsNII KM" PROMETEY ". 4. Magazine "Metal Technology". GL Editor Dr. Tehn. Sciences, prof. S.B. Maslenkov. Publishing house "Science and Technology". 5. Electronic Scientific and Technical Journal "Materials News Science and Technology" List of Internet resources 1. Materials science. Free educational resource. Access mode: 2. Materials science. Crib. Access mode: 3. Materials science. Lecture course. Access mode: 4. Materials science. Technology of structural materials. I. A. Gworov. Textbook in electronic form. Access mode: 5. Materials science. A.V. Yelansev. Access mode: 6. Materials science. Cheat sheet. E.M. Buslaeva. Access mode: 36
37 Applications Table 1. Conventions of alloying elements in metals and alloys Element symbol Designation of elements in brands of metals and alloys Element Symbol Designation of elements in brands of metals and alloys Black colored black colored nitrogen N A - Neodymium ND - nm aluminum A1 ya nickel Ni - N Bari VA - BR Niobium NB B NP Berillia BE L Tin SN - O OSB in P - Osmia OS - Vanadia OS V f You Palladium PD - PD Vismouth Bi V Wei Platinum PT - PL Tungsten W V - Praseodyr PR - PR Gadolinium GD - grozeni re - re gallium ga gi kiji rh - rg hafnia hf - gf mercury HG - R germanium GE - ruthenium ru - pv golmia but - gom samarium SM - DVROSE DV - Dim Lead PB - with Europe EU - EU Selenium SE to st hardware Fe - w silver AG - Wed Gold Au - Zl Skandy SC - with km of India In - In - SB - CV IR IR - and TL TL - TL ITERBIY YB - YTN Tatala TT TTTH Te - T Cadmium CD CD CD Terbium TB - Tom Cobalt CO K to Titan TI T TPD silicon Si with cr (k) T \\ "La TM - Tum Lantan La - La Corner Rod C y - lithium Li - LE phosphorus p n f luiticultuations Lu - louncing chrome Cr x x (xp) Magnesium MG w mg cerium CE - CE Manganese MN Mr MC (MR) Zinc Zn - C Copper CU D M COV ZIRKONY ZR C CEV Molybdenum MO M - Erbi Er - ERM 37
38 Table 2 Table 3. Approximate Chemical Compositions of Industrial Glass Glass SiO2 Al2O3 SAO MGO Na2O K2O B2O3 Bao F PBO Window Polished Tare Variety Chemical Laboratory Electrovacuum Optical Crystal 716 73.2 73,7 74,5 68,7 71.9 53,5 57.5 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.5 3.8 8.8 0.5 7.8 7.8 9.1 6.5 8.4 5.5 4.0 3, 8 1.75 2.0 0.8 3.5 15.1 13.9 15.2 14.0 9.7 16, L 2.0 6.1 1.0 16.2 15.5 2.5 16 , 2 1.0 2.0 ZnO 1.0 Depending on the types of glass, various technical requirements are presented to them, which are formulated in GOSTs (state standards). five,
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2 3 Content. Passport of the Working Program of Training Discipline ... 4 Scope of the Program 4 .. Place of educational discipline in the structure of the educational program. 4.2. Goals and objectives of the educational discipline Requirements
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Lecture 9 http://www.supermetalloved.narod.ru Rolewood alloys. Chart of iron carbon. 1. Structures of iron-carbon alloys 2. Components and phases of iron-carbon alloys 3. Processes
Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIGA-SERVIS" Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation FGBOU to Penza GSHA Department OJSC "TsKB" BIBKOM "& LLC" Agent KNIGA-SERVIS "Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation FGBOU to Penza GSHA Department" Basics of designing mechanisms and machinery "Materials and technology of structural materials Section" Materials "Workbook for laboratory work Group ________________________________________________________________________________________________ . О.O.) ____________________________________ Penza 2015 1 Copyright OJSC TsKB Bibsky & Agency "Agent KNIG-SERVIS" UDC 620.22 (075) +621.7 (075) BBC 30.30 + 34 (Ya7) C72 Reviewer - A.A. Orekhov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department "Technical Services of Machines" are printed by decision of the Methodological Commission of the Faculty of Engineering Faculty of FSBEA in Penza GSHA dated October 12, 2015, Protocol No. 02 Spitsyn, Ivan Alekseevich C72 Materials and technology of structural materials. Section "Materials Science": Workbook for laboratory work / I.A. Spitsyn, N.I. Potapova. - Penza: Rio PGSHA, 2015. - 45 s. The workbook is intended for students of the Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Penza GSH, students studying in the areas of 33.03.06 "Agroenternia" and 03/23/03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes." In accordance with the discipline working program, "Materials and Technology of Construction Materials" under the section "Materials" provides for the implementation of 8 laboratory work. A homework is given in the working notebook to each work, the execution of which allows you to explore some of theoretical issues and fruitfully use the time to perform laboratory work. Schematic images of equipment and diagrams are given, which require a certain refinement, as well as; Control questions. © FGBOU in Penza GSHA, 2015 © I.A. Spitsyn, N.I. Potapova, 2015 2 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIGA-SERVIS" Laboratory work number 1 Determination of metal hardness Objective: Studying the methodology and acquisition of practical definitions of solidness of metal alloys and other materials of the skills of the task of work: 1. Examine the device device To determine the hardness of metals. 2. To study the methodology for determining the firmness of metal alloys and other materials. 3. Purchase practical skills in working with Brinell and Rockwell devices. 4. Reveal the effect of carbon content on the solid steel solid steel. Material and methodological support: 1. Samples of metal alloys and other materials. 2. Brinell hardness agers (type TS), Rockwell (type TC). 3. Magnifier for measuring the diameter of the penprint, posters, methodological manuals. Homework 1. Give the concept of hardness as a metal property (paragraph 1). 2. Give the essence, schemes and describe the formula for determining the metal solidity method Brinell and Rockwell (clauses 2.1., 2.2). 3. Perform a description of TCH, TC instrument schemes. 4. Prepare on control issues. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Laboratory task Examine the device for determining the hardness of metals. Examine the methodology for determining the hardness of metals on the existing hardness agents. Select the modes for determining the solidness of alloys by the Brinell method, to test the tests, measure the diameters of the prints and determine the solidness of the samples. Test results to apply to Table 1.1. Select the modes for determining the solidness of alloys by the Rockwell method and determine the solidity of the samples. Test results to apply to Table 1.2. Build and explain the dependence of hardness from the content of carbon in it. Create conclusions. Performing work 1. Creation - this ... 2. 1 The Brinell method is based on the fact that ... Figure 1.1 is a diagram of measuring solidness by brinell: D - D-; h- 3; Copyright OJSC "TsKB" BIBKOM "& LLC" Agent KNIGA-CERVIS "Conductivity in brinell is determined by the formula of NV where P is 2r d (D (D 2 D 2)); D- ,; D-. 2.2 Figure 1.2 shows the diagram of the Brinell lever solid (TSh). It consists of: 1- 2-3- 4- 5-6-7- 8-9-10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15-16 - 17 - 18-19 - 20 - 21 - 22 - 23 - Picture 1.2 - diagram of the brinell lever solid 3.1 Method for selecting the mode and the procedure for testing the fusion of alloys using the Brinell method: 3.2 On the instructions of the teacher, to determine the fusion of alloys and the results of the Table 1.1 4 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & Agent "KNIG-CERVIS" Table 1.1 - Results of determining the solidness of alloys by Brinell No. material Test mode The diameter of the imprint, mm p / n and thick-diameter load, time 1 meas. 2 ism. Cf. On the form of a ball, p, kgf exposure The value of the Central Asian, mm mm under load, C 1 2 3, HB 4.1 Rockwell Method is based on that ... Fig. 1.3 - a scheme for measuring hardness according to the Rockwell method: P0; P1 -; R-; h0 -; The number of solidness in Rockwell is measured in conventional units and is determined by formulas: a) when pressing a diamond or carbide cone H H0 HRC 100 , 0.002 b) when pressing the ball H H0 HRB 130 , 0.002 where 4. 2. Figure 1.4 shows a hardware diagram of the TC (A) type and indicator (B, position 12). b) a) Figure 1.4 - Systems hardware type TK: 1 - 3-; 4-; 5, 6, 7 - 10 -; 11 - 5; 2-; 8-; ; 9-; Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent LLC KNIG-CERVIS 4.3. Methods for selecting the mode and test procedure: 4.4. On the instructions of the teacher, to determine the solidity of the samples and the results of the table 1.2. Table 1.2 - the results of determining the solidness of the samples from various alloys by the Rockwell method containing a load-indenosity of the solidness of the material of the KA, kgf La Tor (A, Rockwell, in the thickness of the carbon (cone, in, c) HR Brinell sample, yes ,% ball) 1 2 3 cf. MM 5 According to Table 2, construct a graphical dependence of solidness from carbon content in steel. HB 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.2 0. 4 Figure 1.5 - The dependence of steel solutions from the carbon content of 6% with Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIG-CERVIS" Conclusions: (lead the scope of firmware, indicate the advantage and disadvantages Each, indicate the factors affecting the hardness, explain the resulting graphical dependence). Control questions: 1. What is understood under the solidity of the metal? 2. Using what device and how to determine the diameter of the imprint obtained by indulging the ball? 3. What is included in the mode of determining the material of the material by the method of Brinell? 4. What does the choice of the diameter of the ball in the definition of solidness by the Brinell method depends? 5. How to set exposure time under load when determining hardness by the method of Brinell? 6. What is the same as a preload is created when determining hardness by the Brinell method? 7. What does the load selection depend on the definition of the Brinell method? 8. Why is it not possible to determine the material of the material over HB 450 on the device of Brinell? 9. What does it mean a record of the HRC 50? 10. To determine the firmness of which materials on the Rockwell instrument, use the load of 150 kgf, 100 kgf and 60 kgf? 11. According to which scale (in color) on the Rockwell device, it makes a reference, when determining the hardware of the seasoned steel? 12. According to which scale (in color) on the Rockwell device, it is referenced, when determining steel solidness, subjected to chemical heat treatment? 13. What is equal to what is created and how is the preload control in determining the metal firm on the Rockwell device? 14. When determining the solid content of what materials on the Rockwell device is used in the qualification of an indenter ball? 15. How to translate the value of the material of the material defined on the Rockwell instrument, in the Brewell Treatment? 16. What is used as an indenter, when determining the hardness of the seasoned steel? Work fulfilled _____________ work accepted ________________ 7 Copyright OJSC TsKB BBC & Agent KNIGA-SERVIS LLC Laboratory work number 2 Analysis of the state of the state of iron carbon alloys The purpose of the work: study of the methodology and the acquisition of practical skills to construct the cooling curves of iron-carbon alloys and their analysis of the work task : 1. Examine allotropic iron forms and their existence. 2. To study the phase composition and structural components of iron-carbon alloys. 3. To study the transformations occurring in iron-carbon alloy with different concentration of components during cooling or heating. 4. Purchase practical skills to construct iron-carbon alloys cooling curves with determining the degree of freedom of system condition. 5. Purchase practical skills to determine the content of components in the phases at a given concentration of them in alloy and temperature. 6. Purchase practical skills to determine the percentage ratio of phases at a given concentration of components and alloy temperatures. Material and methodological support: 1. The diagram of the state of the system of iron-carbon (electrified control stand). 2. Posters: Curve Cooling Cooling Curves, Curves Cooling Iron Circle Alloys. 3. Methodical instructions for laboratory work. Homework 1. To draw the cooling curve of clean iron, explain each temperature stop and give the characteristic and - iron. 2. Provide concepts: system status diagram, component, phase. 3. Certify the definitions of the phases and structurally components of the state chart of the "iron-carbon" system indicating the areas of existence. 4. Reveal the essence of peritectic, eutectic and eutectoid transformations. 5. Explain the formation when cooling the alloys of secondary and tertiary cementite. 6. Create and describe the law of Gibbs, the first and second line of segments. 7. Prepare on control issues. Laboratory task 1. Fill out a table with the characteristic points of the status chart of the "iron carbon" system. 2. Applying the phase rule, on the right side of the diagram to build cooling curves for two alloys. 1. C \u003d ___% 2. C \u003d ___% 3. On each section of the cooling curve of the first alloy, specify the names of the phases, and on the cooling curve of the second alloy to the right of the phase name, and on the left of the structural components. 4. For the first alloy, determine the carbon content in the phases and the quantitative ratio of the phases at T \u003d ____ ° C. 5. For the second alloy, determine the carbon content in the phases and the quantitative ratio of the phases at T \u003d ____ ° C. 8 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBCOM & LLC "Agent KNIG-CERVIS" Performance 1. Figure 2.1 shows the cooling curve of clean iron. t, 0С 1600 1500 1000 900 800,1100 1000 900 800 700 600 , C Figure 2.1 - Curve cooling curve 2. System status diagram - Components - Phase - 3. Phases The state chart of the iron-carbon system are: liquid solution, austenite, Ferrite, cementitis, and structural components - austenite, ferrite, cementite (primary, secondary, tertiary), iceburt, perlite. Austenite - Ferrite - cementite - Larburt - 9 Copyright OJSC "TsKB" Bibcom "& LLC" Agent KNIG-SERVIS "Perlite - 4. Peritectic transformation flows at a temperature T \u003d ____ ° C and lies in ... Eutectic transformation flows at T \u003d ____ ° C and lies in .. Eutectoid transformation occurs at a temperature T \u003d ____ ° C and lies in .. 5. Secondary cement is formed .. Tertiary cement is formed .. 6. Gibbs law (phase rule) has the form C \u003d K - F + 1, where C - the first part of the segments is the second rule of segments - 10; F- Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent "Agent KNIGA-SERVIS" Figure 2.2 - Chart of the state of the Iron-Carbon system 11 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIGA-SERVIS" 7. Fill out a table and bring a description of points, lines and transformations. Table - Characteristic points and lines Chart "Iron - Carbon" Description T, C, C,% 1 2 3 4 AH IBCDNECFGPSKQL ABCD AHIECF HIB 12 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "KNIG-CERVIS" Agent 1 ECF 2 End of Table 4 3 PSK ES PQ GS 8 Printed sheet of paper A4 on the right side of the Iron-Carbon system status diagram (p. 12) and build alloys cooling curves in accordance with the task (paragraphs 2 and 3 of the laboratory task) . 9 Perform paragraphs 4 and 5 of the laboratory task with the explanation of the actions performed. 13 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & LLC "Agent KNIG-SERVIS" Conclusions: (practical importance of the chart, values \u200b\u200bof phase and segments) Control issues: 1. What is a diagram of the system of double alloys? 2. What do they understand under the phase alloy? 3. What is the difference between a solid solution of introduction from a solid substitution solution? 4. Under what conditions is chemical compounds? 5. For what are the phase rule? 6. What do you need to know to determine the degree of freedom of the system? 7. If the degree of freedom of the system is zero, what does this mean? 8. What can mechanical mixtures consist of? 9. Give the definition of austenita and ferrite. 10. Give the definition of Larburt and Perlitu. 11. What is cementite? Under what conditions is it formed? 12. Give the temperature range under which the iceright consists of perlite and cementite? 13. Explain the reason for the formation of secondary cementite. 14. What transformations occur at a constant temperature? 15. What needs to be performed to determine the concentration of carbon in the phase? 16. How to determine the quantitative ratio of phases in the alloy? 17. Under what conditions is Austenite turns into perlite? 18. Under what conditions does the liquid solution turn into the icerinder? 19. Under what conditions does the peritectic transformation flow and in which it lies? 20. What is the altropy of iron? 21. Call the phase composition of alloys with carbon concentration from 0.006% to 6.67%. Work fulfilled _____________ work accepted ________________ 14 Copyright OJSC TsKB Bib's Bib's & Agency "Agent KNIGA-CERVIS" Laboratory work number 3 Microscopic method for researching metals and alloys Objective: study of microscopic preparation technology and the acquisition of practical skills of microscopic research and alloys of the task of work : 1. To study the microblyph preparation technology. 2. To study the MM-6 and MIM-7 microscopes. 3. Purchase practical skills in working with microscopes. 4. Determine the size of the grain in steel. Material and methodological support: 1. MIM-6 and MIM-7 microscopes, zip to microscopes. 2. Microsylyphs from various alloys. 3. Micrometer object and eyepiece-micrometer. 4. A study manual for the study of the design of microscopes, microclifting technologies, determining the magnitude of the grain in steel, microscope schemes. Homework 1. Play the technological process of the preparation of microclief, reagents for etching steel and cast iron. 2. Perform a description of MIM-6 and MIM-7 microscope schemes. 3. Prepare on control issues. Laboratory task 1. To study the main nodes and parts of microscopes, familiar with the adjustments. Set the desired increase. 2. Place the microscopic microscope on the object table and setting the microscope for visual observation. 3. Certain the schemes explaining the visibility of the grain under the microscope. 4. Create a circuit and determine the price of fissioning eyepiece - micrometer. 5. Determine the amount of grain in steel. Performing a work 1. The technological process of the preparation of a microclife consists of the following operations: For etching steel and cast iron, the following reagents are used: 15 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bib's" & Agent "KNIIG-SERVIS" 2. 1 MM-6 microscope consists of the following parts and assembly units: 1- 2-3-4-5-6-7- 7-8-19-10-11-11-19-14-15-16-17- Figure 3.1 - The optical scheme of the MIM-6 microscope, an increase in the microscope is determined by the MM-7 microscope formula 2.2 consists of the following parts and assembly units: 1-2-3-3- 4- 5-6-7- 8-9-10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 13 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 - Figure 3.2 - MIM-7 16 Copyright microscope optical scheme OJSC TsKB Bibsky & Agency "KNIGA-CERVIS" LLC An increase in the microscope is determined by the formula or on the table .. 3. Schemes explaining Visibility is zena with different coloring. Figure 3.3 - Scheme, explaining the visibility of the boundaries of ferrite, under a microscope Figure 3.4 - a diagram explaining the view of the inhomogeneous zener 17 Copyright OJSC "TsKB" Bibcom "& LLC" Agent KNIG-SERVIS "4. Determine the fission price of eyepiece - micrometer Price of one division of eyepiece - The micrometer, with a given an increase in the microscope, is determined by the formula C. COC \u003d O, and where the COB is the division price of the object - micrometer (0.01 mm); T - the number of combined divisions object - micrometer; A - the number of combined divisions of the eyepiece - micrometer. Figure 3.5 - Combination in the field of view Scale object - micrometer and eyepiece - micrometer CCC \u003d 5. Determination of the grain size in steel 18 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIG-SERVIS" Conclusions: (appointment and essence of microanalysis, optical possibilities Microscopes, appointment object - micrometer and eyepiece - micrometer) Control questions: 1. What is called microanalysis? 2. Name the basic operations of microclif cooking technology. 3. What is the difference between polishing from sample grinding? 4. What is the etching of the sample surface? 5. What does the selection of the reagent depends to etch the sample surface? 6. How is the sample viewed under a microscope after polishing operation? 7. As viewed under the microscope of the border of Zeren and why? 8. What does an increase in the optical metallographic microscope depend on? 9. How can I determine the dimensions of non-metallic inclusions in the metal? 10. What is the object - micrometer and eyepiece - micrometer? 11. How do the size of the grain in steel determine? 12. What is the purpose of the main parts and assembly units of MM-6 microscopes and MIM-7. The work performed _____________ work accepted ________________ 19 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent KNIA-SERVIS LLC Laboratory work number 4 Studying a microstructure of carbon steels in an equilibrium state of work: the acquisition of practical skills in carrying out the microanalysis of the structures of carbon steels of work tasks: 1. Read the classification of carbon steels in an equilibrium condition by structure. 2. Purchase practical skills in carrying out the microanalysis of the structures, and the determination of critical points of carbon steels. 3. Purchase practical skills to determine the content of carbon and the approximate steel grade. Material and methodological support: 1. MIM-6 and MIM-7 microscopes. 2. Microchlifts of carbon steels in equilibrium state. 3. Photos of carbon steel microstructures with different carbon content. 4. Posters and guidelines. Homework 1. To draw the section of the carbon chart with carbon content to 2.14% and indicate the structural components in each area. 2. Create a classification of carbon steels in an equilibrium condition by structure and give a characteristic by structural components of carbon steels (definition, structure, properties, as viewed under the microscope). 3. Prepare on control issues. Laboratory task 1. Consider under the microscope of the microblyphs of steels with different carbon content. 2. Draw the microstructures of the microchlifers considered with the structural components. 3. To determine which class according to the structure refers to the considered steel (deepetectoid, eutectoid, zaletectoid) and critical points. 4. The microstructure determine the concentration of carbon and the approximate steel brand. 20 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "Agent KNIGA-CERVIS" Performance 1. Examine the steel section of the chart of the state of the "iron - carbon" T, 0С 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Figure 4.1 is part of the chart "Iron - carbon" (steel section) 2. characterize the structural components of carbon steels. 21 2.0% with Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "KNIIG-SERVIS" Agent LLC 3. Schemes of microstructures of steels, their description, critical points and the name of steel stools (class steel according to the structure) P / n microstructure diagram Description 1 Increase - steel grade ___________________________ carbon content ____________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Critical points: A1 _______, A3 (v) __________ Designation steel structure _______________________________________ 2 Increase - steel grade ___________________________ carbon content ____________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Critical points: A1 _______, A3 (ST) __________ Names e steel structure _______________________________________ 3 Increase - Steel grade ___________________________ carbon content ____________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Critical points: A1 _______, A3 (v) __________ Designation steel structure _______________________________________ 4 Increase Steel grade ___________________________ carbon content ____________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Critical points: A1 _______, A3 (ST) __________ Name of steel according to the structure _______________________________________ 22 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & LLC "KNIIG-CERVIS" LLC. Determination of carbon concentration in dianettectoid steel in the microstructure (pos.4) is as follows: Conclusions: (reveal the effect of carbon concentration in steel to change the microstructure and physical and mechanical properties) Control issues: 1. How can carbon steel on purpose classify? 2. What is the quality of carbonistic structural and instrumental steel? 3. What elements that make up the steels are mainly determined by their quality? 4. Which groups are divided by carbonistic structural steel ordinary quality and for what features? 5. How are carbonistic design steel and high-quality structural steel label? 6. How are carbon instrumental and high-quality instrumental and high-quality label? 7. How does carbon steel structure change with increasing carbon content? 8. What is the method of determining the content of carbon in steel on the microstructure? 9. Decipher the stamps: BST2, steel 45, U8A, steel 65g, St3KP, U12, EASI. 10. How is it visible under the microscope of Zyrna Ferrite and cementite? 11. How is it visible under the microscope perlite? 12. What mechanical properties are characterized by perlite and ferrite? 13. Where the critical points A1 and A3 are located on the iron-carbon diagram. 14. How to determine the temperature of the critical point of AST for steel u13? Work performed _____________ work accepted ________________ 23 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent LLC KNIGA-SERVIS Laboratory work number 5 Study of microstructures and properties of castoffs The purpose of the work: the acquisition of practical skills in the structures of castoffs to carry out the microanalysis of the task of work: 1. Get acquainted with the classification Castows depending on the state of carbon. 2. Purchase practical skills in carrying out microanalysis and describing the structures of cast iron. 3. Purchase theoretical knowledge to obtain iron with various structures and mechanical properties. Material and methodological support: 1. MIM-6 and MIM-7 microscopes. 2. Microshlyfes of cast iron. 3. Photos of microstructures of cast iron with different carbon conditions. 4. Posters and guidelines. Homework 1. To draw out the area of \u200b\u200bthe carbon chart with a carbon content of 2.14% to 6.67% and indicate the structural components in each area. 2. Create the definition and classification of white cast irons by structure and give the characteristic by their structural components (definition, structure, properties, as viewed under the microscope). 3. Certify the classification of cast iron depending on the shape of graphite inclusions and the conditions for their preparation. 3. Prepare on control issues. Laboratory assignment 1. Consider under the microscope of white cast iron microscopes with different carbon content. 2. Draw the microstructures of white iron microstructures indicating the structural components and their names according to the structure. 3. Consider under the microscope of the microblyphs of gray, forging and high-strength cast iron. 4. Draw the microstructures of microchlifts of the considered castover (paragraph 3) with the names of their metallic base. 24 Copyright OJSC "TsKB" Bibcom "& LLC" KNIIG-CERVIS "LLC Performance 1. Draw a pig-iron plot of the state chart" Iron - carbon "T, 0С 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 2.0 2.5 3 0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0% Figure 1 - part of the "iron - carbon" status diagram (cast-iron section) 2. White cast iron is cast iron ... 25 Copyright OJSC TsKB "Bibcom" & LLC "KNIIG-CERVIS" LLC 3. Depending on the form of graphite inclusions, cast irons are divided into three groups: ... .. 4. Table - microstructural schemes of cast iron, their description, terms of receipt and name for Structure No. C / n Microstructure Diagram Description 1 2 3 1 Zoom - Description of the microstructure ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ structure _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 2 Increase - Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Conditions for obtaining ______________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ iron Designation with the account structure _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 26 Copyright of "CCB" BIBKOM '& OOO "Estate Agency Books-Service" of the table Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Terms receipt ______________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name of cast iron taking into account the structure _______ ________________________________ _______________________________________ Wn / n 1 Scheme microstructure Increase - 2 Increase - Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Conditions for obtaining ______________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ iron Designation with the account structure _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 3 Increase - Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Conditions for obtaining ______________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ iron Designation with the account Structures _______________________________________ __________________ ____________________ 4 Increase - Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Conditions for obtaining ______________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ iron Designation with the account structure _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 27 Copyright of "CCB" BIBKOM '& OOO "Estate Agency Books-Service" Conclusions: (explain the difference in the structure and properties of cast iron; establish the effect of each structural component on the properties of the cast iron, including the shape of graphite inclusion; Reflect the practical application of cast iron). Control questions: 1. What is the carbon content in cast iron? 2. How do white and gray cast iron get, and what is their main difference? 3. Name the main chemical elements included in the composition of the castoffs. 4. In what form in cast irons can be graphite? 5. What does the strength of the cast iron depend on? 6. How do the gray cast iron be obtained on a ferrite metal basis? 7. How do Dake cast iron get a pearlite metal basis? 8. How do high-strength cast iron on ferrite-pearlite metal base? 9. For the manufacture of which parts use blanks from gray, mackel and high-strength cast iron? 10. How are gray, macked and high-strength cast iron marked? 11. How affect the graphitization of silicon and manganese? 12. From the content of what elements is the liquid process of cast iron? 13. How are white cast iron cast iron class? 14. At what temperature proceeds the eutectic transformation when obtaining gray cast iron and in which it lies? 15. Decipher the Marks of Chugunov: sch 15, sch 20, KCh 35-10, KCh 37-12, RF 50, RF 100. 16. Why are the strength of high-strength cast iron more than gray? 17. What is the structure of white zaletectic cast iron? The work performed _____________ work accepted ____________ 28 Copyright OJSC TsKB Bibsky & Agent-Servis Agent LLC Laboratory work number 6 Thermal processing of carbon steel Objective: Establishing the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the tasks of work: 1. Learn the implementation technology The main types of heat treatment of steel. 2. Examine the transformation flowing with isothermal excerpt and continuous cooling of austenite. 3. To familiarize yourself with the heat treatment equipment. 4. Purchase practical skills in the appointment of thermal processing modes of carbon steel. 5. Determine the effect of cooling rates when performing heat treatment on carbon steel solid. Material and methodological support 1. Muffl furnaces with thermostators, baths with hardening environments, tongs, files, grinding paper, napkins. 2. Carbon steel samples. 3. Difficult type TC. 4. Posters and guidelines. Homework 1. Create a classification and determination of thermal processing. 2. In the diagram of isothermal conversion of austenite, to explain to the processes occurring with an isothermal excerpt of austenite and martensitic transformation. 3. Give the definition and brief description of the perlitu, sorbitol, trotteit, bainita and martensit. 4. Prepare on control issues. Laboratory task 1. According to the "iron-carbon" state diagram, it is determined to determine the heating temperature of carbon steel for the complete quenching. 2. Determine the heating time and exposure steel at a given temperature. 3. Make heating and subsequent cooling of samples in water, oil, in air and with the furnace. 4. Measure the solidness of the samples on the TC type hardnesser and draw the dependence of steel solidness from the cooling rate of the cooling medium. 29 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & LLC "KNIIG-CERVIS" LLC Performance 1. To the main types of heat treatment (COM) include: hardening, normalization, annealing and vacation. Hardening - .. Normalization - .. Annealing - .. Vacation - .. 2. The isothermal conversion diagram of austenite is built in the coordinates "Temperature - Time" Figure 6.1 - the diagram of the isometric conversion of austenite with an isothermal conversion of austenite the following transformations flow: pearlit, intermediate and martensitic. Perlit transformation - .. Intermediate transformation - .. 30 Copyright OJSC "TsKB" Bibcom "& LLC" KNIGA-CERVIS "LLC Martensitic transformation - .. 3. Perlite - .. sorbitals - .. Troostite - .. Bainite Upper - ... Bainit Nizhny - ... Martensite - ... 4. 1 The temperature of heating of carbon steel - steel 45 is determined in a diagram of the state of iron-carbon as follows: .. 4.2 The heating time and exposure of the sample of steel 45 depends on. 31 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & LLC "Agent KNIG-SERVIS" Table - summary data on thermal processing of carbon steel material solptime cooling velocity Tver Al dosage Processing Cooling n / and view up to 0, Tour kept, after П МоморобхRB heating medium hail / s t 0, hardening τ, with t, ° С HRC HB HV 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 with air oven oil water Figure 6.2 - dependence of hardness hardness of hardened carbon steel from cooling rate (cooling medium) . Conclusions: (Explain the effect of cooling speeds of carbon steel) 32 Copyright OJSC TsKB BBC & Agency "Agent KNIGA-CERVIS" Control questions: 1. Name the main types of heat treatment steels. 2. How is the heat treatment schedule for steel? 3. What is the hardening of steel for? 4. What are the annealing of steel? 5. What is the normalization of steel? 6. For what steels are spending a vacation, and what types of it happen? 7. What is the reason for the improvement of steel? 8. What should be the heating temperature of the steel 60 to perform the operation "hardening". 9. What should be the heating temperature of steel u12 to perform the "hardening" operation. 10. What is called critical quotation speed? 11. What will be the structure of steel 50 after the incomplete hardening? 12. Explain the essence of the intermediate transformation during an isothermal excerpt of austenite. 13. What is Martensit and when is it formed? 14. For what and how do intermittent hardening? 15. How and why influences the speed of cooling on the hardness of the hardened steel? 16. Bring the main types of marriage when quenching. 17. For what and how do diffusion annealing? 18. What is the essence of recrystallization annealing, and for what steels it is carried out? 19. How do annealing on grainy perlite? 20. Name the types of cooling media when quenching. 21. Assign thermal processing mode for chisel from steel U10 to obtain a firm 45 NRC. 22. Assign heat processing mode 50 to obtain a firmware 60 HRC. 23. Assign thermal processing mode for spring from steel 65g. Work performed _____________ work accepted ______________ 33 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent LLC KNIGA-CERVIS Laboratory work number 7 Study of the doped steel microttures The purpose of the work: the acquisition of practical skills in carrying out microanalysis of the structures of the alloyed steels of the work tasks: 1. Get acquainted with the classification Alloyed steels in equilibrium condition. 2. Purchase practical skills in carrying out microanalysis of structures. 3. To study the features of the thermal processing technology of alloy steel. 4. Examine the technology of thermal processing of high-speed steel P18. Material and methodological support: 1. MIM-6 and MIM-7 microscopes. 2. Microsylyphs of alloyed steels in the equilibrium state. 3. Photos of doped steel microstructures with different content of alloying elements. 4. Posters and guidelines. Homework 1 lead the classification of alloyed steels for its intended, chemical composition and structure. 2. Take the essence of marking alloyed steels indicating steels. 3. Prepare on control issues. Laboratory task 1. Describe the features of thermal processing of high-speed steel. 2. Set an increase in the microscope in 400 ... 500 times. 2. Install the microclief of alloyed steel on the subject table, sketch the visible microstructure and bring it a description with the name of the structure, chemical composition and intended purpose. Specify the scope of steel. Performance of work 1. Alloyed steel is classified by appointment, chemical composition and structure. For the purpose of steel, they are divided by: 34 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent "Agent KNIGA-CERVIS" under the structure in equilibrium steel was divided into five classes: the chemical composition began to be divided into three groups: 2. Alloyed steel marked with a combination of numbers and Letters, namely: 3. Features of heat treatment of doped steel, in particular high-speed steel, are as follows (explain on the basis of the schedule): 35 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBCOM & LLC "Agent KNIGA-SERVIS" Figure - Thermal processing of high-speed steel : A1; MN; MK A; K | ; K || AOST; m; MO P; K. 36; ; ; Copyright OJSC "TsKB" BIBKOM "& LLC" Agent KNIGA-CERVIS "4. Schemes of microstructures Steel, their description, critical points and name of steels in structure (steel class in structure) P / n microstructure diagram Description 1 Increase - steel brand ____________________________ Chemical composition ______________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ heat treatment mode _____________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Designation steel structure _________ _______________________________________ 2 Increase - steel grade Chemical composition ___________________________ _____________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ heat treatment mode _____________ ____________________________ ___________ _______________________________________ Designation steel structure __________ 3 Increase - Steel grade ___________________________ chemical composition _____________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ heat treatment mode _____________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Designation steel structure __________ 4 Increase Steel grade ___________________________ chemical composition _____________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ heat treatment mode _____________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ steel Name According to the structure __________ _______________________________________ 37 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & LLC "Agent KNIGA-SERVIS" Conclusions: ( There are special properties that make it elements, therefore the peculiarity of the heat treatment of alloy steel, the scope of application of structural and instrumental steels). Control questions: 1. What are they called alloyed? 2. How do the alloying elements affect the critical points of steels? 3. What are the alloying elements in the steels? 4. Why, during heat treatment, alloyed began to heat stepwise? 5. How to choose the temperature of the heating alloy steel when quenching? 6. What is used as a cooling medium during quenching of high-speed steel? 7. What is the vacation of high-speed steel? 8. What classes are alloyed steel on the structure in equilibrium state? 9. Which steels are related to unfounded, second-degrees and high-alloyed steels? 10. Decipher the following stamps: 10xSD, 12HN3A, 20X, 18HGT, 25HGT, 40HN2MA. 11. Choose from the above stamps, ball bearings and decrypt the stamps: 50хsh, SHH15, SHH15-sh, 40kh. 12. Choose from the above stamps steels: 12HN3A, AC40, 18HGT, AC40CHMM. 13. Indicate corrosion-resistant steel: 20x, 30x13, 12x17, 08x13, 40x13, AC40, 25HGT. 14. In what conditions is the operation of wear-resistant steel 110g13l has advantages over other stals? 15. What dopping element gives high-speed steels a red-resistance? Work performed _____________ work accepted __________ 38 Copyright OJSC TsKB BBC & Agent BBB LLC Laboratory work number 8 Study of microstructures of non-ferrous metals and their alloys The purpose of the work: the acquisition of practical skills in the microanalysis of non-ferrous metals and their alloys of the work task : 1. Get acquainted with the marking and chemical composition of non-ferrous alloys and their appointment. 2. Purchase practical skills in carrying out microanalysis of structures. 3. Purchase practical skills in choosing non-ferrous alloys for making structures. Material and methodological support: 1. MIM-6 and MIM-7 microscopes. 2. Microflices of color alloys. 3. Photos of microstructures of non-ferrous alloys of various chemical composition. 4. Posters and guidelines. Homework 1. Give non-ferrous metals, give them a characteristic and specify the applications. 2. Give the dependence of the mechanical properties of brass from the zinc content (Fig.). 3. Prepare on control issues. Laboratory task 1. To study the microscope of the microstructure of non-ferrous metals and alloys, sketch them. 2. Describe structures in the form specified in the table. 39 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent-Cervis LLC Performance 1. Brief characteristic of non-ferrous metals and their alloys: 40 Copyright OJSC TsKB Bib's & Agent "Agent KNIG-SERVIS" 2. Draw the dependence of the mechanical properties of brass from the zinc content. in, MPa ,% 50 350 40 280 30 210 20 140 10 70 0 10 20 30 Figure 8.1 - The dependence of the latter's flow rate from zinc in it. V 40 50 Zn% and relative elongation 3. Explain the effect of inclusions - phase on the properties of brass and - phases on the properties of Bronze. 41 Copyright of "CCB" BIBKOM '& OOO "Estate Agency Books-Service" 5. Scheme microstructures of alloys of non-ferrous metals and their description Wn / n circuit microstructure Description 1 Increase - Name and alloy stamp _______________________________________ chemical composition ______________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________ Heat treatment ___________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Description _______________ microstructure _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 2 Increase - Name and alloy chemical composition brand _______________________________________ _______________________________________ ______________________ ___________________ ______________________________________ Heat treatment _______________________________________ _______________________________________ microstructure Description _____________ __ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 3 Increase - Name and Alloy Chemical composition stamp _______________________________________ ______________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________ Heat treatment ___________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Description microstructure _______________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ 4 Increase Name Brand _______________________________________ alloy and chemical composition ______________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________ Heat treatment ___________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Description microstructure _______________ ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 42 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & Agent LLC KNIA-SERVIS Conclusions: (Application of the considered metals and alloys in mechanical engineering). Control issues: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Name non-ferrous metals and bring them areas Applications. What is brass? Bring brands. What is called bronze? Bring brands. What groups are brass in the method of manufacturing? How are the deformable brass label and what are made of them? How are castle brass label and what made of them? Which element gives a brass high corrosion resistance? What groups are bronze divided into? How are castle and deformable bronze label? What element gives antifriction properties bronze? What bronzes make springs from? What prevents aluminum from corrosion? What groups are aluminum alloys for technological properties divide? How are aluminum alloys, non-hardening heat treatment? What is duralumin? Give examples. What alloys are called silhoulices? What gives them high foundry properties? Which groups share magnesium alloys? Give brands and areas of use of magnesium alloys. What groups in the method of production are titanium alloys share? Give brands and areas of use of titanium alloys. Work performed _____________ work accepted __________ 43 Copyright OJSC TsKB Bibsky & Agency "Agent KNIIG-SERVIS" Literature 1. Oskin, V.A. Materials Science. Technology of structural materials. Kn. 1 / V.A. Oskin, V.V. Evsinov. - M.: Colossus, 2008. - 447 p. 2. Materials and technology materials: Tutorial / Ed. A.I. Batyshev and A.A. Smolkin. - M.: Infra-M, 2013. - 288 p. 3. Materials and technology of metals: textbook / G.P. Fetisov, M.G. Karpman, V.M. Matyunin et al.; Ed. G.P. Fetisova.- M.: Higher School, 2002. - 638 p. 4. Technology of structural materials: textbook / A.M. Dalsky, TM Barsukova, L.N. Buchakin et al.; Under the general edition of A.M. Dalsky. - 5th ed., Corrected. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2003. - 512 p. 5. Kitaev, Yu.A. Materials Science. Technology of structural materials: Methodical instructions for preparing for practical classes. Questions, tests, answers / Yu.A. Kitaev, N.I. Potapova. - Penza: Rio PGSHA, 2010. - 90С. 44 Copyright OJSC TsKB BIBKOM & LLC "Agent KNIGA-CERVIS" Contents Laboratory work number 1 Determination of metal fancy ........................ .... 3 Laboratory work number 2 Analysis of the status of the state of iron-carbon alloys ............ .................................................................................... 8 Laboratory work number 3 Microscopic method of research of metals and alloys .............................................................................................. . 15 Laboratory work number 4 Study of microstructures of carbon steels in an equilibrium condition .......................................................................... 20 Laboratory work number 5 Studying microstructures and properties of cast iron ................................................................................................................. 24 Laboratory work No. 6 Heat treatment of carbon steel ................................................................................................... 29 Laboratory work number 7 Study of microstructures of alloyed steels ......... 3 Laboratory work number 8 Study of microstructures of non-ferrous metals and their alloys ............................................................... ...... .. 39 literature ........................................................................................ 44 Content ............................................................................................................................. 45 45 Copyright OJSC "TsKB" Bibcom "& LLC" Agent KNIGA-SERVIS "Ivan Alekseevich Spitsyn Natalia Ivanovna Potapova Materials and technology of structural materials Section "Materials science" Workbook for laboratory work Editor I.A. Spitsyn Computer layout I.A. Spicely signed in printing Format 60x84 1/8 Paper Gnapkin PRINT Printed on a risograph of SL. Pechs. l. , Circulation Ex. Order No. _________________________________________________________________________ Rio PGSHA 440014, Penza, ul. Botanical, 30 46
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