How to apply manure to the greenhouse in the fall. Proper preparation of the land in the greenhouse in the fall. How to process the soil in a greenhouse in autumn

Autumn work in the greenhouse is very important, since it will be very right to take care of the summer cottage assistant, who constantly gives us the opportunity to grow a high-quality crop. Greenhouse care in autumn is an important stage in preparing a summer cottage for winter.

Competent preparation of the greenhouse and careful maintenance will provide it with many years of life, which means that a greenhouse once acquired or built with your own hands will serve you for a very long time. In addition, by timely looking after the greenhouse and properly preparing it for wintering, you can ensure the safety of future plants, keep the soil in the greenhouse healthy and fertile.

Greenhouse cleaning in autumn

After the harvest is harvested, it is necessary to harvest well in the greenhouse so that nothing superfluous remains in it - roots, crumbling seeds, wilted or dry stems, and so on.

All plant residues must be removed from the greenhouse and burned. After that, carefully remove 5-7 cm of soil, since most of the harmful plants are located in this layer.

The greenhouse in the fall also requires the collection of larvae. This is unpleasant, but necessary. Try to develop the soil and be careful about collecting the larvae, because next year they can seriously spoil the harvest.

Digging up the soil in the greenhouse, you will not be able to find and destroy all the larvae, but there is a more effective way to help clear the soil of pests - sifting the soil.

Autumn disinfection of the greenhouse

It is very important to take care of the health of the soil, which can be seriously contaminated. During the entire warm period, we constantly create a comfortable climate (the warmth of the greenhouse and watering creates comfortable conditions) for the multiplication of various microorganisms, and even though we destroy some of them in time, many still remain in the greenhouse. It is necessary to fight infections and various pests in the greenhouse correctly so that next year you start growing crops in absolutely healthy soil.

First of all, the soil layer must be replaced, the rest of the soil must be sieved, and only then the next steps must be taken.

If you remove a layer of soil from the greenhouse, then you cannot replace it with earth from the garden or vegetable garden, from under other plants.

Next, you need to thoroughly clean the racks, greenhouse frame, film or other covering, from dust, dirt, and so on. After that, the fumigation of the greenhouse room and the greenhouse structure should be carried out. You can use sulfur checkers or sulfur itself for this, 70-80 g for each square meter of the greenhouse. After spreading sulfur or checkers evenly throughout the greenhouse, spray the structures abundantly with water to increase the toxicity, and light the sulfur. After, close the greenhouse, but be sure to watch the process.

When fumigating the greenhouse, be sure to use a gas mask and protective gloves.

After fumigation, disinfection of the greenhouse should be completed with the next stage - airing and additional processing. Opening doors and windows wider will expel toxic gases from the greenhouse after several hours of fumigation. Wash glass or plastic surfaces and greenhouse structure well. This can be done using a solution of pemoxoli (1-2%) and nylon brushes. After such washing, it is necessary to rinse all surfaces with clean water, preferably from a hose.

Fertilization and soil protection

Next, we go back to the soil in the greenhouse. It must be fertilized with high quality, using peat, humus, manure, at the rate of half a bucket for each square of the greenhouse. Then, dust the soil in the greenhouse with ash and sand, about a liter per square, and cover the soil with straw.

When the first snow falls, it must be brought into the greenhouse and the soil must be abundantly covered with it, making a layer of 15-20 cm (but more can be done if there is enough snow). In this way, you can provide additional protection of the soil from freezing, as well as the spring replenishment of the soil with moisture when the snow begins to melt in the spring.

Cleaning and processing of the greenhouse structure

A greenhouse in the fall requires not only soil maintenance, but also special measures in relation to the frame. It must be thoroughly washed and dried, but do not forget about the covering.

First of all, you will need to thoroughly wash the glass or film cover. The film cover is washed on the frame, rinsed, dried and rolled up. Glass is washed as standard, with a frame.

If we talk only about the frame, then it must be treated with bleach. Mix 400 g of bleach in 10 liters of water, leave for 3-4 hours and stir occasionally. The liquid is excellent for spraying the soil, and the resulting liquid at the bottom of the bucket is thick for coating the greenhouse frame.

Having prepared bleach for autumn processing greenhouses, provide proper care for garden tools that can also be soaked in this solution.

If the greenhouse is made of wood, then in the autumn period it is treated with freshly slaked lime, adding copper sulfate to it. The processing of greenhouse containers - glasses, boxes and other items for use - is done with boiling water. It is advisable to do this immediately after harvest.

In addition, the metal parts of the greenhouse can be treated with kerosene before winter, and the wooden parts can be tinted.

Strengthening the greenhouse frame

Strengthening the greenhouse frame is very important even if the winter in your region is not very snowy and not very harsh. The thing is that only some greenhouses can withstand a lot of weight, the main number of greenhouses can withstand an average of 200-400 g / m2, then the weight begins to press on the frame, it bends, the greenhouse collapses.

The amount of snow in different winters is very different, especially if we take into account some regions. Therefore, the frame of the greenhouse must be strengthened so that it can easily withstand 30-50 cm of snow. This is necessary if the greenhouse is located in a suburban area and you do not have the opportunity to remove snow from its roof.

To strengthen the greenhouse frame, props are used, which will take on a certain part of the weight, preventing the frame from bending or breaking due to excessive pressure from above. Supports should be installed under the main frame, as well as its joists. Do not allow the length of any part of the frame, one and a half meters or more, to remain without a special support.

The support is installed under the frame and fixed on it so that, due to the pressure, it does not jump out and break through the greenhouse cover if the frame drops sharply under the weight. The lower part of the support rests against the ground, and a stone or brick can also be installed under it.

If the greenhouse cover is removed, it is not necessary to install supports.

Preparing the greenhouse for autumn, special work, processing the frame and soil - very important processes, which are able not only to extend the life of the greenhouse, but also to help in the cultivation of quality crops every year.

Today, as in all previous times, the main fertilizer in agriculture is the manure. The manure of different animals contains different amounts of the main nutrients - nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), and other number of microelements.

Content of nutrients in manure, g / kg


Mullein	5,4–5,6	2,3–2.8	6
Horse	5,9–6,9	2,4–2,6	5,9–7,2
Pork	5–8,4	3,2–5,8	4,2–
Sheep	8,6–14	4,7–4,8	8,8–12
Veal	7	5,5	7,2

The quality of manure directly depends on the quality of animal feed, if, for example, a cow grazes on the side of a highway, then her manure will contain a lot of heavy metals.

Application of manure as fertilizer.

Fresh manure can only be applied under pumpkin, rutabagas, celery, dill, raspberries, roses. Fresh manure is also used as biofuel for heating the soil. But for other crops, as well as to increase soil fertility, only rotted manure should be introduced!

It is permissible to lay fresh manure under fruit trees - apple, plum, pear. This should be done in early spring. When placing manure in a near-trunk circle, step back a few centimeters from the trunk itself so as not to burn the bark.

All the "fertilizing value" of fresh manure is consumed in the year of application, that is, this type of manure does not contribute much to the formation of humus, which is why humus is used to create sustainable fertility.

Rotted manure is brought into the potato field, under fruit bushes and trees in the fall. It is advisable to bring it to the beds in the spring, on the day of planting. When sowing vegetables with seeds, rotted manure is introduced into the furrows (500–700 g per running meter), when planting seedlings - into holes (250–500 g each). The fertilizer should be separated from the roots of seedlings and seeds with a layer of earth.

Usual application rate

fresh

Manure on light soils 40-60 kg per m², on heavy soils - 30-35 kg per m², application rate

humus

One third less than fresh manure.

Manure in the greenhouse.

Packing greenhouses can be done in the fall, by compacting biofuel to prevent premature heating, in the spring to loosen and pour a layer of nutrient soil on top.

Spring packing of greenhouses should be done as soon as the soil inside the greenhouse thaws. A trench is dug in place of the beds, biofuel, in our case manure, is brought in with a loose layer, poured with hot water, covered with soil about 20-25 cm thick, then covered with a foil to trigger the combustion process.

It is advisable to carry out such a filling under cucumbers, and plant tomatoes next year, otherwise they will fatten - give a lot of greenery and little fruit.

Humus - rotted manure.

When rotting, manure loses about 50-60% of its mass, in addition, during this process all the nitrogen evaporates. To prevent the loss of the initial volume of organic matter, it is necessary to block the access of oxygen from the air to the manure mass. This can be achieved by strong compaction of the manure heap, then the manure will not be very hot and quickly decompose, and even with prolonged storage it will be in the semi-rotted stage.

How to make quality humus.

When there is no goal of quickly obtaining humus, it is advisable to first put the manure in a loose pile to let it burn out for a week, and then tightly compact the pile to block the access of oxygen, cover it with polyethylene. In this case, the combustion process slows down, then completely stops. The manure can then be stored without fear of significant loss of volume.

Top dressing with diluted manure (mullein).

Slurry or mullein (1 bucket of fresh manure for 10 buckets of water) is a well-known potassium-nitrogen fertilizer in which all nutrients are in a dissolved state. Even in winter, the mullein is brought onto the frozen ground at 1.5–2 liters per m². In the summer they are used for composting and feeding. One part of the slurry is diluted with 3-4 parts of water (the proportion depends on the strength of the slurry), the resulting solution is fed to the plants at the rate of 1-2 liters per m².

The foul odor of slurry can be reduced by adding valerian to the container along with the root.

Discussion of the ways and methods of using manure.

To harvest a rich crop of cucumbers and tomatoes from the greenhouse, you need to take care of the quality of the soil. To enrich the soil, it is recommended to use special mixtures, which can be purchased at gardening stores. If it is not possible to buy ready-made mixtures, you can use other methods of soil preparation in greenhouses. Farmers will tell you about the secrets of the preparatory work on the plot in the greenhouse.

Autumn works

The preparation of the soil in the greenhouse begins immediately after harvest in the fall. All remnants of shoots and branches must be removed from the site. The soil should be dug up qualitatively, removing roots and leaves that could remain deep in the soil. To disinfect the structure, it is necessary to dissolve lime in warm water and process metal and wooden elements with the resulting solution. It is necessary to treat glass or film with a chlorine solution. To disinfect the soil, you can also use bleach, which is introduced into the soil and distributed with a rake.

Spring processing

Before sowing crops, biofuel must be added to the soil. This could be:

Horse or sheep manure.
Cow or pig waste.

For top dressing to bring maximum benefit, it must be distributed in an even layer over the entire surface of the greenhouse. The thickness of the mass should be at least 30 cm. After even distribution, cover the manure with a layer of earth. Then, at a distance of each meter, we make holes, and pour hot water into each of them. The hot liquid heats up the manure and generates a large amount of heat, which increases the temperature in the greenhouse. After a week and a half, the temperature regime will be set at +35 degrees.

10 days after laying manure, the soil should be moistened with warm water and beds should be formed. A week before the intended planting of seedlings, the soil must be fertilized with ammonium nitrate or potassium sulfate.

Preparing for planting cucumbers

The preparation of the soil in the greenhouse for cucumbers begins in the fall. Immediately after harvesting, the site is cleared of stems and other debris. For cucumbers, it will be useful to fertilize the soil with ash from burnt stems and dry leaves. Moreover, fertilizer is applied before digging up the earth. Thanks to this approach, beneficial substances are evenly distributed over the surface and in the depth of the soil.

To harvest a rich harvest of cucumbers, in the fall, the soil must be fertilized with compost and superphosphate. This is especially true for depleted areas. If feeding was not carried out in the fall, this can be done in the spring, pouring fertilizers directly into the holes. Well enriches the earth with humus, used at the rate of 3-4 kg per 1 sq. square meter.

In autumn, during the period of digging up a plot in a greenhouse, clods of earth should not be broken. In this case, the moisture accumulated in winter will seep out and moisturize the lower layers of the soil. This will allow the seeds of the cucumber to sprout faster and grow with strong stems. If you dig up the soil to the depth of the bayonet, and do not break the clods, then insect larvae and weed seeds will die under the influence of frost.

Top dressing of seedlings

Soil preparation in a greenhouse in spring should include fertilizing the soil with fertilizers. When planting cucumbers and tomatoes, fertilize should be applied to the holes. If this has not been done, the first feeding is carried out 7 days after the appearance of the first shoots. Then, after another two weeks, a second portion of fertilizers is applied.

If there is a weak growth of seedlings, it is recommended to use organic compounds in addition to mineral additives. In polycarbonate structures, soil preparation in the greenhouse for tomatoes in spring is carried out with the help of manure. Manure is pre-soaked in water and left to stand for 2-3 days. Then, after thoroughly mixing the composition, add 20 grams of superphosphate for every 10 liters and fertilize the seedlings.

Fundamental rules

In order for tomatoes and cucumbers grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse to have an excellent taste, it is recommended to carry out the following actions every season:

After harvesting in autumn, thoroughly clean the area of \u200b\u200bdry branches and leaves.
Treat the greenhouse structure with bleach.

When digging up the soil, do not break blocks.
Apply fertilizers.
In the spring, re-dig the area and fertilize with mineral supplements.
Use green manure plants to enrich the soil.

You can learn about proper soil preparation in greenhouses from the video clip.

As a result

Getting a large harvest with excellent taste depends on the correct and timely preparation of the land in the greenhouse. Given the depletion of the soil, it is important to carry out autumn and spring top dressing of the soil. It is not recommended to plant the same culture on the site every season. The change of crops and the use of green manure plants, in conjunction with feeding, will allow you to get a large harvest of tomatoes and cucumbers.

After harvesting, the question arises: what to do with the soil in the greenhouse in autumn, is it necessary to completely replace the fertile layer, or do you just need to clean, disinfect, feed the soil? Competent preparation of the land in the greenhouse for winter will make the soil for the next crops loose, saturated with useful substances, microelements, moisture, air, safe, without viruses and pests, so that the next harvest season will be fertile.

How to prepare the land in the greenhouse for winter - a set of measures

Pathogenic insects and infections are very tenacious, they settle not only in the ground, but also spread throughout the greenhouse. To completely get rid of diseases, you first need to spend general cleaning premises:

take out tools and equipment;
clean the soil from plant residues;
wash the walls, ceiling, joints, nodes, interfaces with soapy water;
treat the frame with copper sulfate, wooden - cover with slaked lime, metal - clean out rust, prime, paint, wash polycarbonate with a solution of potassium permanganate.

A greenhouse made of wood should be fumigated with sulfur bombs, which disinfect well not only the structure, but also the ground, etch metal buildings again with a concentrated solution copper sulfate... And only after these measures to decontaminate the structure, the preparation of the land in the greenhouse begins in the fall.

Watch the video on how to properly wash and prepare your greenhouse.

How to prepare land for a greenhouse - general rules

Thermal, it means heating the soil up to 700 ° C with a special thermogenerator, for private greenhouses it is unprofitable to buy expensive equipment, therefore steaming is replaced by solarization. The beds are abundantly watered with boiling water, covered with a thick black film, the edges are pressed down with a load, the process lasts a day. Next, the film is opened, the soil is dug up, loosened, the remains of the roots are manually selected. For complete disinfection, the procedure must be repeated at least 3 times.

For solarization, it is correct to use a black, opaque, dense film

Chemical disinfection is carried out in 3 stages: first, bleach is scattered over the surface of the beds, 100 g per 1 m 2, then it is thoroughly watered with manganese solution, then they dig up, harrow.
The biological method is considered the safest, it allows you to destroy infections, enrich the soil, improve its structure, therefore, the bio-method is most popular among experienced gardeners. After harvesting, the soil is enriched with EO preparations: azotophyte, trichodermin, phytosporin, stubble biodestructor, phytocide, etc., then green manures are planted on the beds.

See how the land is cultivated in a polycarbonate greenhouse in the fall.

How to improve the land in the greenhouse

After disinfection, you should prepare the land, which takes place in several stages:

sprinkled with wood ash;
fertilizers are applied, the choice of which is determined by the cultivated crop;
plentifully watered with potassium permanganate, copper sulfate;
a layer of compost, sawdust, peat, sandstone is poured on top, 1 bucket of fertilizer per 2 m 2 of land is recommended to enrich the fertile layer.
they dig up, loosen, manually select the remaining roots - the measures will help the soil freeze better in the cold.

It is necessary to dig up the soil and select plant residues

Important: Enriching the land with organic fertilizers: peat, manure, compost, you need to understand that with these useful components you can infect the soil with late blight. To avoid contamination of the land, experienced gardeners limit themselves to ash, sandstone and sawdust, coupled with a stubble biodestructor.

How and what to disinfect the ground in a greenhouse in autumn

If the greenhouse has not been infected during the season, then general preventive measures for disinfecting the land are sufficient. In case of diseases and pests, it is necessary to adopt more stringent methods of disinfection.

Good to know: Abundant cultivation of the ground in the greenhouse with copper sulfate halves the respiration rate of the soil, increases the release of nitrous oxide into the air, and makes it difficult to access plants of phosphorus and iron.

Land cultivation in a greenhouse in autumn with a solution of 40% formalin is considered one of the effective ways destruction of harmful bacteria, infections, the composition even kills eggs and insect larvae. For high-quality disinfection, it is required to shed the beds well in the greenhouse, per 1 m 2/1 l of solution.

Biologics - Another successful way preparation and disinfection of land in the greenhouse in the fall. They destroy diseases, larvae, insect eggs, safely fight infections, and also:

have a positive effect on soil structure;
bind heavy metals;
help to decompose organic matter;
stimulate the action of fertilizers;
smooth out the action of pesticides.

Considering the question of how to fertilize the ground in the greenhouse in the fall, you should pay attention to phytosporin. This is a universal biological agent, one of the best drugs, and will neutralize it from phytophthora, black leg, powdery mildew, gommosis, fusarium, various fungi and mold. The substance must be dissolved in a small amount of water, as indicated in the instructions on the package, diluted 100 ml of concentrate in 200 liters of water, stir, and thoroughly spill the beds.

Photo advice on how to properly feed indoor ground

Phytocide is a powerful biofungicide of antimicrobial action, 5 liters of the substance diluted according to the instructions are enough per hundred square meters. More often it is used for seed treatment and spraying of plants, watering the soil in the greenhouse with the preparation in the fall allows accelerating the processing of complex mineral and organic matter, I stimulate the production of useful substances for plants from them: humus, nitrogen, phosphorus.

Still not sure how to cultivate the land in the greenhouse? A fairly useful drug is nitrogen phytitis, which increases soil fertility. The beds are dug up, treated with a preparation of 1 m2 / 10 g of nitrogen phytophyte, harrowed so that the nutrients get 50-100 mm deep. Such treatment will improve the germination of seeds in the spring, the survival rate of seedlings, the plants become more resistant to infectious diseases.

The scourge of greenhouses is pathogenic microorganisms. The accumulation of spores of dangerous fungi and bacteria leads to severe infectious diseases of agriculture, the problem is especially relevant when growing tomatoes. Greenhouse plants help to neutralize and heal the soil in the greenhouse, their developed roots allow to move useful macro- and microelements to the surface from deep soil layers. For greenhouses, it is optimal to sow mustard.

In the diagram useful tipsthan to feed the soil

Important: Phytophthora is the most tenacious infection in the greenhouse. The cultivation of land in a greenhouse infected with late blight should take place in several stages: thermal, chemical and biological methods of control. Before disinfecting the ground in the greenhouse from phytophthora, it is necessary to do solarization, spill it with copper sulphate, and then disinfect, enrich, heal with biological products.

The video contains expert advice on how to disinfect the ground in a greenhouse, the video tells in detail how to properly disinfect.

Change of land in the greenhouse in autumn

Despite the huge number of modern, potent drugs that help to effectively fight diseases and insects, experienced experts recommend replacing the contaminated soil in the greenhouse:

if desired, renew, improve the fertile soil - 50 -100 mm;
if the soil in the greenhouse is heavily contaminated, then it is necessary to change the soil layer 200-300 mm.

For the contaminated land from the greenhouse, it is necessary to allocate a separate area, away from the garden, it is advisable to enclose the site. The soil is folded in a layer of no more than 200 mm, wakes up with bleach, mixes well, spills with a 10% solution of copper sulfate and is left to freeze out for the winter. Recycled, disinfected soil can be returned to the greenhouse after 1-2 years. In case of severe infection, it is not recommended to reapply the soil, after freezing it is better to scatter it over the site in a thin layer.

To replace it, you can buy a fertile, balanced soil mixture from a company that specializes in the preparation of different compositions, based on the characteristics of agriculture. It is much more economical to prepare the composition with your own hands. The best recipe for replacing soil in a greenhouse is considered a mixture prepared according to the recipe:

sod land or soil from the garden - 1 part;
river sand - 1 part;
humus, depending on the quality of the earth - 2-3 parts;
peat - 5 parts.

Good to know: Rotate crops to avoid soil fatigue. Properly selected plants, for example, tomatoes, basil and sweet peppers, have a beneficial effect on the harvest, and dill has a beneficial effect on cucumbers.

In order to prepare the soil of the greenhouse with your own hands for winter, you need to take into account the problems that have occurred in the current season. If your tomatoes or cucumbers were susceptible to such diseases, then a disdainful attitude to this fact will leave you without a crop in the next season.

Greenhouse cleaning

The most reliable option is to remove large tops with your own hands and remove a five-centimeter layer of earth with a shovel. This will rid the soil of a large number of pests that hibernate at shallow depths, for example, the pupae of the Butterfly Scoop or Medvedka. It also removes most of the weed seeds, which can be a hassle next summer. The soil taken from the greenhouse must be stacked in the designated place, sprinkled with a small amount of lime. In this state, it must be kept for at least a year, after which it can be brought back into the greenhouse.

We treat the soil

Preparation of the greenhouse for winter must be accompanied by this stage. Since there are a lot of diseases affecting our plantings, the methods of their treatment are also varied. Some products can be purchased in the store, and some can be made by hand. We will consider only some of the sores affecting tomatoes and cucumbers, since these are the most common greenhouse crops in our area.

To save time on work in the spring, when there are enough worries without that, it is advisable to start fertilizing the greenhouse in the fall. The composition of fertilizers applied to greenhouses in autumn depends on the crops that are planned to be cultivated next year.

When making fertilizers with your own hands, it is very important not to overdo it. An excess of certain mineral and organic substances leads to the fact that the quality of the soil in the greenhouse decreases so much that you can not even think about a good harvest.

In addition, be sure to take into account such soil properties as acidity and looseness. To reduce the acidity of the soil during fertilization work, you can add eggshells, lime. To improve looseness, sawdust or sand can be added to the soil. This measure is usually applied to heavy clay soils with poor moisture absorption. Here, again, you need to observe the measure, since an excessive decrease in acidity can lead to the fact that the soil becomes alkaline, and an excessive amount of sand or sawdust will disrupt water exchange in the soil.

Strengthening the frame structure

All work on preparing the soil in a greenhouse or greenhouse can go to dust if you do not take care of strengthening the frame before the onset of winter. Winters in our area are long and snowy. This leads to the fact that a large amount of snow is swept on the roofs of buildings. In some regions of our country, the calculated indicator of snow pressure on the roof in winter reaches 560 kilograms per square meter. Of course, if the roof of the greenhouse has a large slope angle, then this figure is much less. But it should not be forgotten that the materials for greenhouses are lightweight, and the frames are made of their thin profiles. Therefore, it is imperative to reinforce the greenhouse with additional arcs or props. The supports are easy to make with your own hands from wood, the main thing is that they are securely fixed. If the bottom end rests on the ground, then you need to put something flat under the support, otherwise the support will start to sink into the ground.

If the structure of the frame provides for a flat roof, then you can cover it with thick plywood. In this case, the supports can be installed at large intervals.

For greenhouses and polycarbonate greenhouses with a rounded roof, you need to strengthen the frame with additional arcs, which are usually included in the kit.

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