Entertainment script for titmouse day “Bird tree. Birds of our forests (G. Snegirev) Winter forest without tits
Tatiana Kokovina
Scenario of entertainment for a titmouse day "Bird tree"
Target: introducing younger students to the traditions and customs of the Russian people; the formation of love for nature, a sense of responsibility for "Our smaller brothers".
Once upon a time in Russia, our ancestors celebrated a wonderful, kind and wise holiday, which called for taking care of nature, taking care of birds in a difficult period for them. This holiday was called Sinichkin in the afternoon and it fell on November 12. The people even said: "Small titmouse, but he knows his holiday ".
Folk feeding customs are associated with this holiday. tits and other birds... It was in this the day the titmouses flew in from the forests and huddled closer to houses, to people, while many other, more thermophilic birds flew away to warmer regions. Titmouse like sparrows are with us all year round. If in the warm season they live more in the forest, then with the onset of cold weather they fly closer to people, hoping for their help.
A fragment from the book by G. Snegirev is being read "Birds of our forests":
"…Without tits the winter forest seems to be dead. Only a pine branch will creak and a snow cap will fall from the tree. But how the flock will come tits, the forest will come to life. Tits with squeak, with a beeping they fly from branch to branch, from tree to tree - inspect every path in the bark: is there a wooden seed, is there a sleeping bug hiding somewhere. What are there not tits in a flock: and blue tit, and muskrat, and grenadiers with striped tufts on their heads.
In a fierce cold tits fly to the huts, and the guys pour grain for them or put pieces of bread on the feeder, otherwise they are hungry tits will freeze in the forest ...».
How do you help birds survive the cold and hard winter for them?
(Answers of children)
Readers recite poetry from « Bird tree» .
1.We have such a custom: a little snow will fall,
Board house we will hang the bird on a twig.
We'll fill in plenty of feed, let birds will bite.
The birds are happy because they know: they are expected here!
Above the boardwalk in the morning, there is a steady din.
How fun to the feathered, fluttering guests!
2. Poem by Z. Alexandrova « Bird tree» .
By the silver path, it will only come New Year,
On a high thin leg, the miracle tree stands up.
This the tree is not simple and it's not for the guys.
Birds whistle merrily near the Christmas tree.
There are woodpeckers and tits, bullfinches and a sparrow,
Everyone wants to have fun near their Christmas tree.
Toys do not shine on it, and a star does not shine,
But we hung the feeders for the birds there.
Arrive avian flocks to our Christmas tree in the winter garden.
And in the garden, without stopping, the bells are ringing.
Quiz.
1. Why was the bullfinch given a snowy name? (Bullfinches come to us with the first snow, and in the spring they fly north to their native lands.)
2. Why does the breeze nest in winter? (In winter there are a lot of spruce seeds for chicks, but not in spring.)
3. What tree does the woodpecker drink? (Birch with its juice.)
4. What migratory flock promises snow? (A flock of migratory geese. Expect snowfall in 1-2 days.)
5. Who has never taken a step? (Sparrow.)
Stock "Let's feed birds» .
We weigh feeders with the children and add food.
Readers read poetry.
1. Feed the birds in winter,
Throw in a handful of crumbs
And let them scurry sometimes
Flocks at the windows.
Throw in a handful of grains.
They don't need much.
And winter is not so bad
It will be for the winged.
Do not give them in a cruel hour
Die from disease
And spring will give you
Their festive song.
2. Poem by Alexander Yashin "Feed the birds".
Feed the birds in winter.
Let from all ends
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.
Their feed is not rich.
A handful of grain is needed
One handful -
And not scary
It will be winter.
How many of them die - do not count,
It's hard to see.
But in our heart there is
And it's warm for the birds.
Is it possible to forget:
Could fly away
And they stayed for the winter
Along with people.
Train your birds in frost
To your window
So that without songs you don't have to
We welcome spring.
Current page: 4 (total of the book has 12 pages) [available passage for reading: 8 pages]
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Night fell in the forest. Frost tapped on the trunks and branches of the thick trees. Light silvery frost fell from the tops of the spruce in flakes. In the dark, high sky, bright winter stars glittered. Here the frozen branch crunched and broke. The owl shouted. In the thicket something hooted and laughed terribly. Light caresses ran across the diamond tablecloth of snow. Weasel is a small carnivorous animal from the marten family. An owl quietly flew over the snowdrifts. Like a fabulous sentry, a large-headed gray owl perched on a naked bitch. In the darkness of the night, he hears and sees everything.
(According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
Winter covered the village with fluffy snow. It was soft gray days. A bird fell from the top of an old spruce. Silver frost fell. He settled like white dust on a lilac bush. The oven crackled in the house. It smelled like smoke. Gusts of strong wind carried the smell of smoke to the river. A group of women walked to the hole for water. An old gazebo is located above the steep cliff. The steps turned gray from frost. We took shovels and cleared the path to the gazebo. The winter sun appeared. Nature came to life.
Words for reference: smelled, cleared.
We met the New Year. They took the toys off the tree and carried it outside. A trail of dry needles ran along the smooth path. It was sad to look at this.
Winter has passed. The sun began to warm the earth. Puddles appeared on the street. There were trees on the ground in front of the house. It smelled of pine needles. The whole yard was going to plant the forest beauties. Adults dug holes. Children brought water. We planted trees. There are Christmas trees on soft ground, like on a down pillow.
Grow, Christmas trees!
Note. Pay attention of the children to the setting of commas in the title of the dictation, in the last two sentences, as well as to the phraseNew Year.
The weather was terrible. It was late autumn. The autumn wind carried torn pieces of clouds over the ground. Snow began to fall from them. The forest was naked. There was a lonely rowan tree in the clearing. She reached for the sky. Winter birds with bright plumage flew up to the mountain ash. Bullfinches and tits slowly, with a choice, began to peck at large berries. They threw back their heads, stretched their necks and swallowed with difficulty. The first tracks appeared on the white tablecloth of snow. Winter was coming.
Words for reference: birdies, pulled out.
Our magic key opened the magic bookcase lock. We took the book The Little Humpbacked Horse off the shelf. This is our favorite fairy tale. It was written by Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov. Ershov learned this tale from the storytellers, and then he invented something himself and told everything in verse. Ershov was born in the Siberian village of Bezrukovo, near Tobolsk. Then he lived in a remote Siberian town of Berezovo. Ershov even saw the harsh Siberian nature as fabulous.
(According to E. Yazykova)
The girl went into the forest for berries and met an old woman there. The old woman gave her a magic pot. He cooked delicious, sweet porridge.
One day the girl left home. Mother began to cook porridge. She forgot the magic words. And the pot boiled everything and cooked porridge.
Hot porridge poured down the street. The girl saw it. She ran into the house and spoke the magic words. The pot has stopped cooking.
Those who were driving from the village were eating their own way. The porridge was very tasty!
(Based on the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm)
When you go camping, don't try to take everything with you.
Much can be found in the forest. If you rub your leg or burn your hand, pick a plantain leaf. Wash it well and apply it to the sore spot. You're out of soap. How to be? Wash dirty hands with elderberry.
So that mosquitoes do not get bored in the forest, pick wormwood, hang it in a hut and spread it around the resting place. Mosquitoes don't like its smell.
It was a warm early morning. We went fishing. On the shore, I planted a worm on the hook and cast the line.
One fish grabbed a worm. And here on the hook is a beautiful wide silvery fish. She has red, like chum eggs, eyes, black-green back, pink fins. It turned out to be a roach. It takes endurance and skill to catch fish. I examined the fish and put it back into the river.
Live long, fish!
One day a disaster struck. The sheep was hit by a car. There's a little fluffy lamb left.
Nadia began to look after the orphan. She fed him milk, treated him to bread. The lamb especially loved cabbage.
Summer has come. Now it was already an adult ram. And what horns! They looked like two huge twisted bagels.
The ram all the time followed the girl like a dog. He protected her even from the boys. Once Nadya went to the cinema, and the ram followed her. The girl entered the hall. And the ram sat at the door and waited for her.
A true friend!
(According to N. Kuratova)
It was raining in the evening. In the morning frost seized the wet grass. A cold wind settled in the forest. He wandered between the pines, flew from clearing to clearing. The age-old spruce rustled sadly. I stood at the edge and listened to the farewell song of the forest. A crane scream fell from the sky. Why do the cranes cry sadly? The birds circled over the Volga and flew south.
I remembered songs about cranes. They, like an autumn bird cry, are never funny.
(According to I. Vasiliev)
Note. The teacher warns children about putting punctuation marks in the last sentence.
Sea buckthorn has been placed on a long list of medicinal gifts in the forest. In the old days, war horses were fed with its leaves and young shoots. They grew up quickly and were doing well. Sea buckthorn blooms in April, May. Fruits ripen from late August to October. A lot of sea buckthorn is found in the Caucasus, Siberia, Altai. It grows well near a river, a lake. Sea buckthorn is also planted in the desert. Try to plant sea buckthorn at your place. You will settle joy, vigor, health near the house.
Words for reference: you will settle, at home.
The leaves on the trees turned yellow and brown. The wind swirls them through the air. Heavy autumn clouds poured snow and hail on the ground. A raven sat on the hedge, croaking in the cold. Ice floes appeared on the surface of the pond.
Winter has come cold. Ice cracked from frost. The poor duckling swam in the water without rest. The hole became smaller. The poor thing was exhausted, stretched out and froze to the ice. Early in the morning a peasant noticed the bird. He took her home.
(According to G. X. Andersen)
Words for reference: frozen, peasant.
In winter, the sea is frozen. Fishermen gathered on the ice to fish. The fisherman Andrey also went. His son Volodya was with him.
We caught a lot of fish. The fishermen decided to spend the night.
A strong wind rose at night. Waves flooded the ice. There was only the sea all around.
In the morning, the fishermen spotted the plane. They started shouting and waving their hats. Soon the steamer arrived. People were saved.
(According to B. Zhitkov)
We pitched our tents on a smooth area and stopped for the night. The night passed quietly. It was early morning. I looked around the area. The snow was white. An eagle is floating over the mountainside. The wind whistles in his open wings. A silent shadow slides down the slope.
Forest birds hide in the thick of the branches. The eagle flies from clearing to clearing. Roe deer flee from him in horror. Hares jump into bushes like balls. Panic everywhere. The king-bird is flying.
Words for reference: wide open, hiding, panic, king-bird.
The crew of Pavel Ivanovich Abramov was assigned to guard the crossing. They completed the task, but they themselves could not cross. They camouflaged a tank on the outskirts of the city, waited. And so a tank with a red star burst into the city captured by the Nazis. The battle went on for almost a day. The soldiers crushed the enemy. The crew fought to the last shell. The enemies, struck by such courage, trembled. Residents of the city of Rivne remember the glorious tanker heroes. A street and a school are named after them.
The first winter day has come. We went to forest lakes. The day seemed to be dozing. Lonely snowflakes were falling from the cloudy sky.
We breathed cautiously on the white fluff of winter. The snowflakes turned into pure drops of water. Like beads, they rolled to the ground. It was light and solemn in the forest. We came to familiar places. Flocks of bullfinches sat on the mountain ash. She was covered with snow.
But then thick snow fell. It became gloomy and quiet in the forest. Winter began to dominate the land.
(According to K. Paustovsky)
All summer Thumbelina lived in the forest. She ate sweet flower honey and drank dew. From the grass, the baby weaved a cradle for herself. So the summer passed. Autumn has also passed. A long, cold winter was approaching. All the birds flew away. The flowers have withered and turned yellow. Thumbelina shivered from the cold. It is snowing. Each snowflake was to Thumbelina what a whole shovel of snow is to us. Thumbelina covered herself with a dry leaf. The sheet was not heated. Thumbelina decided to leave the forest. She began to look for housing for the winter.
(According to G. H. Andersen)
The river has become. The guys ran to the river. A little boy jumped out onto the ice. He famously rolled on the ice. Other children followed the daredevil. Here they are already in the middle of the river. There was a crackling sound. Water came out. The kids rushed ashore like sparrows. The daredevils found themselves up to their throats in water. They shouted and called for help. Men and women ran to the shore. The guys clung to the thin ice with their hands. It broke, crumbled. A worker with a long board crawled towards the guys. He saved them.
Few people live in the far north. Day after day you can go and not meet a person's home. There are no roads - everything is covered with snow. We have to carry people and goods on dogs. Dogs are man's faithful friends. The leader of my team was called Ushko. He had a thick coat, a pointed muzzle, erect ears, and a bushy tail. While running, Ushko often looked around, noticed which dog was lazy and ran poorly. At the stop, he walked up to the dog and growled at it.
The weather has changed. By morning, the entire neighborhood was shrouded in a thick, viscous fog. A sharp chilling wind blew. The frost crackled. And what a beauty it was when the sun came up! The trees and bushes in the garden were all covered with frost. The branches seemed to be covered with shiny white flowers. From each branch, it was as if a radiance was pouring out. The weeping birch, swaying in the wind, seemed to come to life. Its long branches with fluffy fringes moved quietly. What a splendor! Large diamonds shimmered in the snow.
(According to G. X. Andersen)
On the mountain ash that grew by the fence, a squirrel appeared from nowhere.
With her tail fluffed up, she sat in a fork and looked at the bunches that swayed in the wind on thin branches.
The squirrel ran along the trunk and hung on a branch, swayed - jumped onto the fence. She was holding a bunch of mountain ash in her mouth. She quickly ran along the fence, and then hid behind a post, exposing her fluffy, airy tail outside.
"Fan!" - I remembered. This is what hunters call a squirrel tail.
(Yu. Koval)
It was a wonderful view of winter nature. The sun's rays showered a cold gleam on the whole area. Traces of animals and birds are visible on the tablecloth of snow. Bending their heavy heads, the age-old spruce froze. A nimble squirrel jumped from tree to tree. Huge caps of snow fell from the trees. The forest smelled of resin and pine needles. But then a plump cloud slowly covered the horizon. Snow began to fall in flakes. We drove up to the village. Dim lights flickered in the windows. The long winter twilight fell quickly.
My mother and I lived at the dacha during the winter holidays. It was quiet there. Crows circled around us.
We felt sorry for them all. We started feeding them. For feeding the crows fell in love with their mother. They followed her all over the village.
Mom will go out on the road. A car rushes along the road, crows immediately raise a hubbub. They warn mom about the danger.
The holidays are over. We left for Moscow. In the summer we came again. The crows recognized us.
(According to I. Sherstobitov)
There were funny little people. They decided to please Santa Claus with gifts. The little men got into the sleigh and drove along the fabulous road.
They meet sad musicians. The musicians have broken instruments. The little men gave them a pipe, a drum, an accordion. A sad snowman sits by the road. He only has a broom in his hands. Funny little people gave him a Christmas tree. All the gifts were given by the little men. And Santa Claus comes out of the forest. The little men are despondent. And Santa Claus says to them: "I know your good deeds, and they are the best gift for me!"
The calf met a hedgehog. The hedgehog curled up in a ball and snorted. The stupid calf jumped up and licked the hedgehog. The needles pricked his tongue painfully.
The calf roared and ran to the cow. He began to complain to his mother about the hedgehog. The cow raised its head, looked at its son, and again began to nibble on the grass.
The hedgehog rolled to his hole. He told the hedgehog that he defeated the terrible beast.
The glory of the hedgehog's courage went beyond the distant lake, beyond the dark forests.
Words for reference: met, curled up, complain, raised, told the hedgehog that.
During the winter holidays, Dima and his mother rested with their grandfather in the village. The winter was stormy. Dima went skiing and sledding with the guys. Once they made a big snowman. Once Dima watched a heavy snowfall. Large flakes of snow swirled smoothly in the air. They quickly covered the ground with a fluffy carpet. Drifts of snow grew near the house.
Dima loved to be in winter forest... It was light and solemn in the forest. For a long time he looked at the beautiful attire of firs and pines.
Suddenly hissed, hissed through the forest. The snow started to run. The forest began to hum, it became dark in it, as in the evening. The wind blew. The trees swayed. Snowdrifts flew from the spruce paws. Snow fell - a blizzard began.
The titmouse calmed down, shrank into a ball. And the wind tears it from the branch, the feathers ruffle and freeze the naked body under them. Well, the woodpecker let her into his spare hollow, otherwise the titmouse would have disappeared. The blizzard passed. The sun came out, cheerful, bright!
(According to V. Bianchi)
The guys were building a snow slide in the yard. They poured water over it well. Kotka did not build a hill. He sat at home and looked out the window. The guys left.
Kotka put on his skates and ran to the hill. It was slippery on the hill. The boy fell. Kotka decided to sprinkle sand on the hill.
The guys came running and began to scold Kotka. He decided to correct his mistake.
The boy began to drag lumps of snow up the hill, pouring water on it. Kotka even made the steps. This makes it easier for the guys to climb the hill.
The children of our school guard the forest all year round. Front new year holiday carry out watch on the roads. Hundreds of forest beauties were saved from death. In early spring, Russian birches are protected from lovers of birch sap.
There are many young plantings in the forest. The seedlings took root, got stronger, grew up. It is joyful to look at them, passing from glade to glade. There are traces of birds and animals on a clean tablecloth of snow. A mouse ran to the mink. Silence in the forest. Our forest is beautiful! Take care of its beauty.
Words for reference: New Year's, on them.
Without tits, the winter forest seems to be dead. Only a pine branch will creak and a snow cap will fall from the tree. But then a flock of tits swoops in. The forest comes alive. Birds with a squeak fly from branch to branch. They examine every crack in the tree bark. There are so many tits in the flock! They echo loudly in the winter forest. In a fierce cold, the tits fly up to the village. The guys are pouring seeds for them on the feeders. Hungry tits can freeze.
(According to G. Snegirev)
Words for reference: seems to echo, pour in, for them.
There is a bitter February frost on the street. The whole earth sleeps under shaggy snow. The hostess treats us with cucumbers and radishes. Man has learned to build warm houses for plants. All year round he grows greens, vegetables and fruits in them. We drive up to the greenhouse. There is no winter in the greenhouse. Smart machines water and feed the plants. Drops of water glisten on the green of the onion. The machines regulate light and heat. Collective farmers get a rich harvest of vegetables in greenhouses.
Words for reference: in them, grown, regulated.
The January dawn is slowly creeping down the street. Birds whistle in the air. It woke up, cleaned up and runs to the road a crested lark. With the first snow it appears on a village street, on the outskirts of the city. He's been looking for food all day. The lark flies a little, but runs fast. In the cold, he jumps on one leg. He hides the other leg under the feathers. He is warm at night. It lies in a hole, the legs and beak of a lark hides in a thick feather.
Words for reference: dawn is heard, crested.
Thorny snow fell. It flooded in the dense aspen forest. The blows of the snow pellets on the tree trunks merged into a mysterious rumble. Footprints stretched from the edge of the forest to the village. Dawn has come. Snow glittered on the spruce. A flock of sparrows hurried to the village. Capercaillie and he flew up to the road in search of food. Elk, roe deer rushed to the felling. They ate bark from aspens and willows. Hares have compacted the snow near the brushwood. In winter, the animal world needs help.
Words for reference: mysterious, brushwood, help.
I walk along a narrow path into a clearing. A flock of blackbirds appeared on the mountain ash. A hedgehog rustled under the snag. I love this area. Elk appear here in late autumn. There was an abandoned garden near the clearing. It is overgrown with weeds. The trees have withered and degenerated. There were no hunters for sour and small fruits. But then I heard the crunch of apples. I noticed a moose. He walked from apple tree to apple tree. With a soft lip, the forest giant grabbed the apples and ate them.
Words for reference: here, abandoned, amateur.
The trees talked all night. Winter has come to the forest. Wonderful figures froze under the cold vault. They are located on the tops of firs, stumps, branches. A forest man in a fur hat and a burka climbed out of the snowdrift. He looked around the whitewashed forest. The sun appeared. Tears dripped from the man's coniferous eyelashes. A group of trees clung to the old tree. They look like hares. Here is a fabulous bear. The forest is full of magical animals, birds. But there are no traces of them on the white snow tablecloth.
(According to N. Sladkov)
Words for reference: the figures look like wizards.
The forest glade is covered with snow. An old tree stump sticks out near the bush. There are many cozy winter apartments for forest dwellers. Small insects hid under the bark from the cold. Here the mustachioed beetle also settled down for the winter. A lizard lay down in a hole under the roots. A flock of tits flew over the clearing. She sat down in a tree. Snow dust fell to the ground. A hare ran out into the clearing. The animal looked around and quickly galloped into the forest.
The view of winter nature was magnificent. Frost took moisture from tree branches and trunks. Bushes and trees were covered with shiny frost. The sun's rays showered a cold glare on the whole area.
It was short winter days. But then the frost began to pass. The clarity of the blue sky faded. A plump white cloud covered the horizon. Slowly, the snow began to fall in large tufts. There was a snow stream around me. The sky was covered with snow fluff. The air filled with movement. Long winter twilight fell. I approached the village.
(According to S. Aksakov)
Words for reference: gorgeous, twilight, began.
Tanya and Vitya lived in a forest hut. In winter, Vitya hung a bird feeder from an old tree. One day a red-haired squirrel appeared near the feeder. She jumped cautiously onto the trough. The animal began to take mountain ash with its paws and deftly devour the berries.
The guys made a table for the squirrel. They put crusts of bread, dry mushrooms on her table. Sometimes the children buried their food in the snow. The squirrel has a good instinct. She shook loose snow with her paws and took food. Every day the squirrel resorted to the trough.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Words for reference: sometimes.
During the winter holidays, the trackers followed the partisan paths.
It was quiet and frosty in the dense spruce forest. It is joyful to walk in the winter forest. White fluffy snow sparkles. The trees seem fabulous. A flock of birds flies merrily from tree to tree.
The counselor led the Pathfinders to the edge of the clearing. This is the place where the partisans lived. The guys noticed a dugout under a large oak tree. There was a large table in the dugout. A stove huddled under a low window. There were long benches near the walls.
Words for reference: partisans seem to be.
A severe frost struck at night. A clear frosty morning came. You woke up and looked at the window. It is all covered with a wonderful pattern. Here is a long branch. But a flower blossomed on the glass. How did these patterns come about? The water vapor from the air became water droplets. It got colder. These droplets settled on the ice field. A speck of dust on the glass is enough to catch the first piece of ice. The ice floes grow and grow. So we got different drawings. They sparkled, shimmered in the rays of the sun.
(According to D. Tikhomirov)
Words for reference: getting cold, cling to, branch.
The sun rose over the winter forest. The earth is covered with a clean white tablecloth and is resting. A red fox is walking along the edge of the clearing. Foot after foot traces follow it. Here the frozen branch crunched and broke. The fox listens to see if a mouse squeaks under a bump in a winter mink. A flock of crossbills flew by. She sat on the top of the spruce. The handsome black grouse flew out of the deep fluffy snow. They sat on a birch covered with lace frost. Everything is noticed by the old fox.
Words for reference: handsome black grouse.
Note. Draw the children's attention to the comma in the sixth sentence.
Candidate of Biological Sciences K. MIKHAILOV.
Many readers, of course, remember Vitaly Bianchi's “Lesnaya Gazeta” - stories about simple events from the life of plants, animals and birds, which introduce us to the little secrets of nature, teach us to understand and love it. The ability to see the beautiful and unusual in what surrounds us in the field, in the forest, on the lake, helps not only to understand the life of “our smaller brothers”, but also to feel like a part of a single community of living beings on the planet.
Science and Life // Illustrations
Science and Life // Illustrations
January in the yard. At night, the temperature drops to minus twenty. It seems that under the deep snow cover all living things froze. But this is not the case. In any park or park, or even near the house, near the dustbin, you will see birds - a noisy flock of sparrows, crows, jackdaws. Among them, titmouses sometimes flicker. First of all, it's stocky great tit with a bright yellow breast, "highway", and a more miniature blue tit - with a blue, almost azure, azure cap.
But will you sit at home all winter? No, for those who love nature, this is impossible. Let's go to the forest. Moreover, you can see a lot of interesting things there even in winter.
In the winter forest, it is quiet, as in a tidied house with white tablecloths covered. Deserted, but waiting for guests. It would seem that no one is here. But let's listen. From somewhere above, from the furry paws of firs, a quiet squeak is heard. These are kinglets - one of the smallest birds. These crumbs feed mainly on insects, but are not afraid of frost, they remain to winter in our area. What are they eating? The fact is that under the cover of dense spruce branches, where the temperature is slightly above zero, small insects gather that tolerate the cold well. Here is food for the king - how much does he need? From below, these birds, swarming in the needles, look like gray lumps. And if you can see the little king closer, and even in bright sunlight, you can see that its back is olive green. On the head there is a yellowish or even orange crest-crown, running from the forehead to the crown, bounded on the sides of the head by black stripes. A real little dandy.
Where there are korlets, there are, most likely, and tits. In city parks we are accustomed to "highs" and blue tit, but in the coniferous forest near Moscow, first of all, we will meet puffs, or brown-headed tit. These mobile grayish birds are easily recognizable by their catchy black cap. They shout loudly and in a very peculiar way: the nasal irritated “zee” or “zhee” - each ear perceives in its own way. If you saw a "puff" that makes less nasal and more sonorous sounds, moreover, constantly "swears", quickly saying "chick-b-b-b", then you came across a black-headed chick. She is simply called a gadget.
Puff and chickweed are twin species. Outwardly, in nature, they are practically indistinguishable, but their songs are somewhat different. Some of the calls - the screams with which they communicate their presence - are similar, but there are also characteristic sounds that cannot be confused for anything. You should pay attention to them. For example, from time to time the puffy moaning and squeaking "iiz, iiz, iiz", and the little gag "swears".
Tits are the funniest creatures. They twirl, twirl, peel the bark, hang upside down on the thinnest branches of trees. Pukhlyak prefers coniferous forests, and chickadee gravitates towards riverside alder and willow forests. But this is only “as a rule”. As you know, there are exceptions to each rule. So it is here. Puffs can be seen in the deciduous thickets by the river, and chicks can wander into the forest.
In the spruce or pine forest, you can also see the crested tit. It is even easier to see her in winter than in summer. This tit can be distinguished by its large motley crest on its head. She is laconic: the repertoire is limited to brisk trills "tsi-tsi-tchch" and the usual blue "tsi-tsi-ti". Unlike other tits, the crested does not like large companies: two or three birds gather more often.
But opolovniki, as the long-tailed tits have been affectionately nicknamed (the old Russian word “opolovnik” means a ladle), on the contrary, are very sociable birds. The fishmonger itself looks like a ball of loose feathers, with a tiny beak and a long black tail with white stripes on the sides. A flock of mugs is constantly moving, and the birds flap from tree to tree, from bush to bush, doing wonders of acrobatics on the branches. Often you hear them first and only then see them. The long-tailed tit's voice cannot be confused with any other. It is a rattling "chrrr" or "jrrr" sound, reminiscent of the sound of a broken guitar string.
How do all these birds survive the harsh winter, because they feed on insects? The secret is simple: at the expense of your own "mind" and shrewdness. Since autumn, tits have been preparing themselves food for the winter: literally millions of dried spiders and small insects are shoved into the cracks of the bark of trees. If there is enough food, the birds do not care about frosts. In some zoos, even budgerigars, native to Australia, spend the winter quietly in an open enclosure if the temperature does not drop below twenty degrees. What can we say about hardened tit! There would be food. But winter supplies become inaccessible to birds when the temperature drops below fifteen degrees or a thaw occurs, abruptly replaced by frost. It is almost impossible to get food from icy bark.
This is where feeders help the birds, which each of us can place outside our window, hang in a park or square. In severe frosts, energy losses in birds increase, and feeding sometimes saves their lives. Let's remember this! Seeds and lard are especially high-calorie foods. Such a delicacy will always be preferred by the titmice to bread crumbs. And the sparrows, which are the first to learn about the feeding trough in city parks and bring all their “relatives and friends” there, will not bury themselves on bacon.
By the way, not all tits stay with us for the winter. Some birds migrate to the southern regions in autumn and return only in spring. The morals, tastes and habits of different tits are different - just like people! This, incidentally, also helps to survive in the harsh season. In a tit flock, each bird knows its congeners well and has its own “social rank”. There are older ones - dominants, there are younger ones who are in a subordinate position. With age and all kinds of "social" perturbations, the position of the bird in the flock can change. Sometimes the social status of a bird changes if it has a partner of a higher rank. In general, females are oppressed: in winter they get the worst feeding areas, and in the flock they often occupy a more vulnerable position. And yet it is easier to live "in bulk" than to live alone. And you will notice the predator faster, and you will sooner find food together.
In the forest where there are tits, there is a nuthatch. It can be seen right in flocks of titmouses: a lively gray bird with a reddish undertail, a black stripe across the eye and a strong chisel-like beak, somewhat larger than titmouses. The nuthatch moves up and down the tree trunk, rustling bark. He deals with cones masterfully. Tits do it worse. But the pika with its thin, slightly curved beak can only carefully probe the bark in search of insects and spiders. You cannot confuse the pika with a nuthatch: it is brownish and crooked; crawls along the trunk only upwards, leaning on the tail, like a woodpecker. He cannot move his head down.
By the way, about woodpeckers. These forest orderlies also love to join mixed flocks of titmice in winter. First of all, in bird companies flashes big motley woodpecker - the lesser spotted woodpecker is much more independent, more often it “walks by itself”, but it can also be found in a many-sided bird flock. And if you're lucky, you'll see a three-toed woodpecker. In winter, these rare guests "pull up" in the forests near Moscow.
In addition to tit flocks in the winter forest, especially at the edge of a birch forest or in a riverine alder forest, you can probably see flocks of siskins and sometimes tap dancers. Somewhere closer to the village, on the outskirts of the city, bullfinches and waxwings will meet. You can always distinguish a bullfinch by an elegant raspberry breast, and a brown waxwing is larger, with a tuft on its head.
These birds, like titmice, siskins and tap dancers, are also always in flocks. Why? This is not an idle question. Let's try to figure it out.
Birds come together primarily because they are terribly sociable creatures, or, as ornithologists academically put it, "highly social creatures." That is, they simply do not like loneliness, they feel discomfort without fellow tribesmen, and therefore they easily become attached and unite with individuals of their own and other species. This is a prerequisite. And there is also a direct benefit: in mixed flocks in the harsh winter time, it is much easier to survive together. And every adult titmouse or nuthatch knows about it from its own experience, as it has an excellent memory. That is, the birds remember well those situations that caused them a feeling of comfort or discomfort, satiety or hunger. In addition, many birds imitate each other and easily adopt everything new: information on how to get another type of food or where to look for it spreads through the “bird telegraph” at high speed.
Mixed flocks of different species are not accidental. They appear in common feeding areas and help different species of birds to get food more successfully. For example, a nuthatch and a woodpecker will gouge a cone or bark of a tree with their strong beak, and tits with a weaker beak will pick up food on the fly or pick it up in the snow. Titmouses can feast on “table leftovers” in the inner sections of the trunk, opened and torn apart by the powerful beak of a woodpecker. And there is more than enough food - wintering larvae and insect eggs, usually inaccessible to tits.
On the other hand, in a flock it is always more likely that at least someone will find a tree or a branch rich in food, which all the members of the flock will then “swoop down on”. After all, the one who found food immediately notifies others. Finally, many small forest birds spend the night together, hugging each other and thus retaining precious warmth. So there are many benefits. Watch flocks of birds in winter and you will see for yourself.
Each bird species adapts to the winter in its own way. Someone can survive only in a pack, someone needs their own family. What can you say about birds that not only feel great in the bitter winter frosts, but also breed? Unbelievable but true. These birds are crossbills. Why did they choose such a strange time for such a difficult occupation? The fact is that winter for crossbills is the best time to feed offspring. After all, their chicks feed on the seeds of the spruce. These lionfish seeds ripen in the fall and remain in the buds throughout the winter. In March, when the scales of the cones, heated by the sun's rays, open, the seeds will fall to the ground. At this time, crossbill chicks begin to fly out of the nest, which can easily get their own food. But for the chicks to fly out in March, it is necessary to lay eggs in late January - early February. That is, just in the most severe frosts.
The weather itself does not bother birds very much. The main thing is that there is food. If there is no food, for example, there was a sudden crop failure of spruce seeds, then the crossbills in such a year will not nest at all.
It is strange, of course, to see a bird on a nest in a snowy forest. However, the nest still needs to be found, and this is not easy. It is located high above the ground, usually on spruce, under the cover of powerful thorny paws, and even topped with snow caps. Therefore, even seasoned hunters who have walked the forest far and wide often do not know that crossbills nest in winter.
The nest itself is a well-insulated winter house: very dense, with thick walls, and abundantly lined with moss from the inside. While the parents are just incubating the clutch, one of them almost never leaves the nest so that the cold does not touch the eggs. But when the chicks have already hatched, the parents cannot heat them all the time - they have to fly away for food, sometimes for long term... And although the nest is well insulated, the chicks are pretty cool in it. Nevertheless, they safely tolerate low temperatures - after all, their food is very high in calories.
Both in the forest and in the city in winter you can often hear a simple, sonorous, soul-pleasing song: "qi-ping, qi-ping, zi-zin ... zi-zin." This is the song of the big tit. She starts her short concerts from the very new year, as soon as the sun begins to linger a little longer in our, Northern, hemisphere.
And a little later, towards the end of February, from the top of a tall linden or oak, no-no, and you will hear a wonderful melodic trill. This is the blue tit sings. There is something to be glad about - the difficult winter tests for birds are already over. It's not scary that there is snow, and the temperature at night is well below zero. Still, the severe January frosts have already ended, the day has become longer (you can feed longer), and the sun is shining brighter. Spring is ahead!
When you walk through the spring forest, sometimes you can hear overhead "trrr-trrr-trrr!", As if someone is knocking on an empty barrel. This is the woodpecker's spring song. Woodpeckers will find an old, rotten aspen in the forest. For two weeks, they gouge a deep hollow in turn. The bottom of the hollow is covered with sawdust - so the nest is ready.
If you approach the aspen and knock with a stick, the chicks will squeal loudly and will look out of the hollow. They still do not know how to fly, they crawl along the walls of the hollow. They will grow, scatter through the forest, peel spruce cones, gouge the bark with a strong beak, look for caterpillars and beetles.
Sometimes a whole bunch of peeled pine cones is piled under the tree. Nearby is a woodpecker's smithy. A woodpecker will thrust a cone into a split branch, peck out all the seeds, throw an empty cone down and fly after another.
The woodpecker is a tree bird. He hollows sick trees and takes out long tongue pest beetles and their larvae. If there are a lot of woodpeckers in the forest, then the trees will be strong and healthy.
Forest crows live in pairs. And they live for two hundred years or more. A pair of ravens flies over the taiga and carefully examines every clearing, every stream. If they notice the prey: the remains of a deer, which was bitten by a bear, or a dead fish on the shore, they will immediately let other crows know. "Kruk-krruk-krruk", - the cry of a raven rushes over the taiga, he notifies other ravens that he has found prey.
You can never confuse a hooded raven with a forest raven. The gray raven has gray and black feathers, and the collar is all black. The crow flies closer to the village in winter, bites something in the dump, and the crow never approaches human habitation, he - wild bird forest spaces.
All birds build nests, hatch chicks. Except for the cuckoo. The cuckoo is waiting for some bird to fly away from the nest for food. Then the cuckoo will throw its egg into someone else's nest.
So the cuckoo chicks have hatched. First of all, as he grew up, he threw the chicks out of the nest on the ground. And now - that's how big! All day chiffchaffs carry caterpillars, larvae, beetles - and all the cuckoo is not enough, the beak opens and squeaks.
Without tits, the winter forest seems to be dead. Only a pine branch will creak and a snow cap will fall from the tree. But as a flock of tits flies in, the forest comes to life.
Tits with a squeak, with a kick, fly from branch to branch, from tree to tree - they examine every crack in the bark: is there a tree seed, is there a sleeping bug hiding somewhere. There are so many tits in the flock:
and blue tit, and muskrat, and neradere with striped tufts on their heads ...
Tits do not fly to warm countries for the winter, like other birds, and resonate in the winter forest. And in summer, the whole forest rings with bird voices, and the tits are not visible or even heard with their modest song. In a fierce cold, the tits fly to the huts, and the guys pour sunflower seeds on the feeders for them, otherwise the hungry tits will freeze in the forest.
Capercaillie is an inhabitant of forest thickets. This is a large forest rooster. In summer, when blueberries, lingonberries, blueberries ripen, the capercaillie feeds on berries. And on the banks of streams, wood grouses peck small pebbles so that the pebbles in the stomach, like millstones, grind the berries. In winter, the capercaillie eats pine needles. The millstones grind them. In the spring, as the snow melts in the forest, the wood grouses begin to walk - singing their spring songs. Capercaillie walks on the ground like a turkey, spreading its tail in a fan, and clicks with its beak, as if two sticks are knocking one against the other. And the song ends, as if a knife is being sharpened on a block. At the end of the song, the wood grouse deafens, which is why they called him the wood grouse.
Municipal government educational institution Secondary School No. 18, Dobrovolnoe village Ipatovsky district, Stavropol Territory
Fedoryan Irina Nikolaevna
Stavropol Territory Ipatovsky district Dobrovolnoe village, Mira st., 1
Class hour in grade 2 "Sinichkin's Day"
Development of class hour in the 2nd grade on familiarization with the outside world. The lesson uses the phonogram "Voices of Birds", poems, folk omens, proverbs and sayings, a quiz. This material is used to get acquainted with the fauna of their area, develops horizons, instills a love for the fauna and flora.
Once upon a time in Russia, our ancestors celebrated a wonderful, kind and wise holiday, which called for taking care of nature, taking care of birds in a difficult period for them. This holiday was called Sinichka day and it fell on November 12. The people even said: “The titmouse is not big, but it knows its holiday”.
Folk rituals of feeding tits and other birds are associated with this holiday. It was on this day that titmouses flew from the forests and huddled closer to houses, to people, while many other, more thermophilic birds flew away to warmer regions. Tits, like sparrows, are with us all year round. If in the warm season they live more in the forest, then with the onset of cold weather they fly closer to people, hoping for their help.
An excerpt from the book "Birds of our forests" by G. Snegirev:
“… Without tits, the winter forest seems dead. Only the pine branch will creak and the snow cap will fall from the tree. But as a flock of tits flies in, the forest will come to life. Tits with a squeak, with a beep fly from branch to branch, from tree to tree - they examine every path in the bark: is there a wooden seed, is there a sleeping bug hiding somewhere.
In the fierce cold, the tits fly to the huts, and the guys pour grain for them or put pieces of bread on the feeder, otherwise the hungry tits will freeze in the forest ... "
Poem. Tit
Flies with a yellow breast -
What are these birds?
How dressed up her look!
Her name is tit!
Lives in a small flock
In autumn and winter
Well, as summer comes -
Better for her alone!
She eats midges in summer
And in the frost - grains,
By nature - nimble,
Fast and agile!
"Sinichkin calendar" (folk signs)
Birds sit closer to the tree trunk in the evening - they are expected at night
freezing.
Sparrows are sluggish, sitting on twigs, ruffled - this is bad weather.
If in winter the sparrows split up, this is a thaw.
If sparrows fly from place to place in flocks in winter, wait for the strong
If in June rooks graze on the grass, it will soon rain.
Proverbs and sayings about birds
A crow cannot be a falcon.
Foolish is that bird, which does not like its nest.
They recognize a bird in flight, and a person in work.
There is nothing like leather.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
The swallow begins the day, and the nightingale ends.
The crow has scooped up trouble.
It's good for a bird in a golden cage, and better than that on a branch.
Why was the bullfinch given a snowy name? (Bullfinches come to us with the first snow, and in the spring they fly north to their native lands).
Which bird has chicks incubating eggs? (In the northern white owl).
Which bird has the largest family? (The gray partridge has 26-28 chicks).
Who has never taken a step? (Sparrow).
What bird can tease? (Parrot).
Which bird is proud of its multicolored tail? (Peacock).
What bird flies with "glasses" on the nose? (Owl).
Forest crows live in pairs. The lifespan of crows is 200 years or more.
Forest crows live in the forest, feed on carrion. They are black. The common crow is gray. In winter, she flies closer to human habitation, to a dump.
In winter, you can watch a flock of tits fly after the woodpecker, they feed near the woodpecker. What the woodpecker did not peck out of the cones is pecked by the tits. A woodpecker will smash some rotten tree, and titmouses are right there: feasting on bugs or larvae.
Woodpeckers are considered a tree bird. He gouges diseased trees with his beak and pulls out with his long tongue from under the bark of beetles, bark beetles, and larvae.
Owls are very responsive to affection and love to give pleasure by touching each other's feathers. Protecting chicks, they are fearless in front of any enemy. They do not need someone else, they drive away single strangers from the family territory, but they themselves do not violate the borders and do not allow themselves to be provoked into this.
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