People's militia of Leningrad is 75 years old. Also solemn-mourning ceremonies will take place

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On January 27, at 20:00, at the Mars, the reconstruction of the Leningrad Salute 1944 will arrange, and then at 21:00 the first vololates will be given near the walls of the Petropavlovsk fortress. By tradition, the festive event for the day of complete liberation from the fascist blockade will be completed with salute: at 21:00, artillery salute will thunder at the walls of the Petropavlovsk fortress, and thousands of bright sparks will paint over the city.

Salute in honor of the 74th anniversary of the full liberation of the Hero city of Leningrad from the fascist blockade will be given by artilleryrs of the Western Military District (IO) on January 27 with four points of St. Petersburg, the head of the press service of the ZVO Colonel Igor Muginov said RIA Novosti.

According to his information, more than 500 district amenities will be involved in the artillery salute, the twelve 85-millimeter guns of the D-44 St. Petersburg Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy and 20 salute installations of the Moscow Guards Division.

The anniversary of the removal of Leningrad blockade in 2018: Leningrad blockade, which began on September 8, 1941, lasted almost 900 days

After the blockade breakthrough on January 18, 1943, the siege of the city continued during the year. In January-February, Soviet troops held the Leningrad-Novgorod operation, following which the enemy was discarded more than 200 km from the city. January 27, 1944 Blockade from Leningrad was completely removed.

The solemn celebration of the 74th anniversary of the full liberation of the Soviet troops of Leningrad will be held in St. Petersburg State University from the blockade of his German fascist troops.

Program

13:00 Opening of the exhibition dedicated to the activities of the search detachment of St. Petersburg State University "Ingria"

13: 00-14: 00 Registration of participants and issuance of gifts

14:00 Laying colors to the memorial

14:00 Solemn concert

The anniversary of the removal of the blockade of Leningrad in 2018: 75 years ago Soviet troops released Leningrad

The only way ─ "Road of Life", which was delivered to the city of food, was laid on the ice of the Lake Ladoga. The blockade was broken on January 18, 1943, however, before its complete removal ─ January 27, 1944, the Leningradians had to wait for another year. During the years, the blockade killed, according to various sources, from 400 thousand to 1.5 million people. In the Nuremberg process, the number of 632 thousand people appeared. Only 3% of them died from bombing and art stins, the rest died of hunger.

Leningrad blocade began on September 8, 1941. The city was surrounded by German, Finnish and Spanish troops, volunteers from Europe, Italy and North Africa were supported. Leningrad was not ready for a long siege - there was no sufficient stock of products and fuel in the city.

The only way to report with Leningrad remained Lake Lake, but the bandwidth of this transport highway is the famous "road life", it was not enough to satisfy the needs of the city.

Because of frosty winters, the water pipes were frozen and the houses remained without water. Fuel catastrophically lacked. People did not have time to bury - and the corpses lay right on the street.

At the very beginning of the blockade Badaevsky warehouses were burned, where food food reserves were kept. The inhabitants of Leningrad, cut off from the whole world by German troops, could only calculate on the modest swabs, consisting practically from one bread, which was issued on cards. For 872 days the blockade died more than a million people, mainly from hunger.

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Leningrad blockade (September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944) - the tragic period of the history of the city on the Neva, when over 640 thousand inhabitants died only from hunger, tens of thousands died in artillery shelling and bombardments, died in evacuation.

Surroundings of Leningrad

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War on June 22, 1941, a blow in the direction of Leningrad was instructed by a group of the German army "North", which should have destroyed parts of the Red Army in the Baltic States, to seize the naval bases in the Baltic Sea and to master Leningrad to Leningrad. On July 9, Pskov was captured, on July 10, the German units broke through the front and the forces of the 4th tank group of the North Army came out to the Plus River and further rushed to the meadow. On August 21, the Germans occupied a miracle station, thereby cutting the October railway, and in 8 days were mastered. On August 30, a large railway node MGA was captured. From September 8, 1941, when the Germans captured Shlisselburg, 871-day blockade of Leningrad began.

Leningrad blockade

The surroundings hit 2 million 544 thousand civilians of the city (including approximately 400 thousand children), 343 thousand inhabitants of suburban areas, troops who defended the city. Food and fuel reserves were limited (only for 1-2 months). September 8, 1941 As a result of an avia flying and a fire emerged, food warehouses burned. A.E. Badayev.

Food cards were introduced: From October 1, workers and engineering workers began to receive 400 g of bread per day, all the others were stopped by public transport, because by Winter 1941 - 1942 there were no fuel reserves and electricity. Food reserves rapidly decreased, and in January 1942 per person had already accounted for only 200/125 g bread per day. By the end of February 1942 more than 200 thousand people died in Leningrad from cold and hunger. But the city lived and fought: the factories continued to produce military products, theaters, museums worked. All the time when the blockade was going, the Leningrad radio did not shut down, where poets and writers were performed. On July 2, 1942, the 7th Symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich Dmitry Shostakovich was delivered from the Urals, which was executed on August 9, 1942 in the Leningrad's deposited by the Germans.

In connection with the cessation of communication with the Big Earth, the road through the Lake Lake, which became the legendary "dear life", was of particular importance. Aquatic pathway was delivered to Leningrad in September - November 1941, and when the lake froze, then food, fuel and other goods began to carry on ice. According to the "road of life", residents of the city were exported and weakened from the hunger: first of all evacuated children, women with children, patients, wounded and disabled people, as well as students, workers evacuated factories and their families.

On March 25, 1942 it was decided to clean the city from the slaves of snow, ice, dirt, uncleanness, corpses, and by April 15, the city was put in order by the forces of the emaciated Leningradians and the soldiers of the local garrison. In Leningrad, tram began to walk again.

In the next blockade winter, 1942 - 1943, the position of the besieged Leningrad was significantly improved: the public transport began, the enterprises opened, schools, cinemas opened, operated water pipes and sewage, worked urban baths, etc.

The defense of the city was led at the beginning of K.E. Voroshilov, and after his removal - Zhukov, the economic side was engaged in Kosygin, who actually replaced the first secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the WCP (b) Comrade A.A.zhdanov. It was Kosygin who organized a movement on the "road of life" and settled the differences of civil and military authorities.

Breakthrough and removal of blockade

The breakthrough of Leningrad blocks began on the orders of the rates of the Supreme Commander on January 12, 1943 from the onset of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts in cooperation with the Red Baltic Baltic Fleet (CBF) south of Ladoga Lake. The location of the blockade was elected a narrow ledge, separated by the troops of the fronts. On January 18, the 136th Infantry Division and the 61st Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front broke into the working village number 5 and connected with the parts of the 18th rifle division of the Volkhov Front. On the same day, the parties of the 86th Rifle Division and the 34th Ski Brigade were released Shlisselburg and was cleaned of the enemy all the southern coast of Lake Lake. In 18 days, the builders erected along the shore of the corridor for 18 days and paved the iron and road roads. The enemy blockade was broken.

For 872 days, according to official data, more than 600 thousand civilians and over 300 thousand soldiers and officers were killed. The memorial candles will be lit on the fraternal graves of the Piskarevsky cemetery, where many sacrifices are buried. The action of memory will take place at the memorial complex in the village of Marino.

On Thursday, January 18, marks 75 years since the breakthrough of Leningrad's blockade. By the anniversary of this significant event in the city, a museum-panorama "Breakthrough" appeared on the Neva. Among his first President of Russia Vladimir Putin, along with veterans and search engines. In a purely militarily, breakthrough blockade, perhaps and inferior to the battle for Moscow, Stalingrad and Kursk battles. However, this does not diminish his colossal meaning and greatness. In fact, it was not so much military as a humanitarian operation, which allowed to save hundreds of thousands of Leningradians, who could hardly be able to survive the second blockade winter. It was an invaluable psychological and moral victory. The lifting of the blockade was perhaps the turning point, after which most Soviet citizens had no longer doubtedly in the inevitable victory over a terrible enemy ..

The concept of "blockade" has long become nominal. It has lost its military meaning, turning into a symbol of grief, horror and inconceivable sufferings that have fallen out of the inhabitants of the city on the Neva. At the same time, becoming a monument to their courage and durability. 872 days the blockade continued, she claimed the lives more than a million Soviet people, and most of the dead falls on the civilian population. It would be even more victims if January 18, 1943, Soviet troops could not break through the defense of the enemy and break the ring of the environment.

Prologue. Luzhsky Rubezh

In the Hitler's plan "Barbarossa", Leningrad appeared as one of the main goals when applying a sudden first strike, and the capture of Moscow was assumed only the field of how the city was taken on the Neva. After that, it was supposed to deploy the troops of the North Army Group to the south and surround the capital. He led the North Group Wilhelm von Leeb - a hereditary personnel military, a veteran of the First World War. At first, everything went for the aggressor successfully and the Germans moved at a speed of about thirty kilometers per day, but in the area of \u200b\u200bthe meadow they were stopped. This is one of the not very well-known, but very important episodes of the Great Patriotic War, Prologue of the Battle of Leningrad. A small feat, the first in the long list of the merit of the heroes of Leningrad and is very characteristic for that time.

This line of defense began to create in June, literally in the first days of the war. The very fact of making such a decision was extremely brave, because he allowed the penetration of the enemy deep into the country, when it was even wondering about the like that was dangerous for life - it was possible to immediately please under the Tribunal for the panicoers. However, the commander of the Leningrad District, General Markian Mikhailovich Popov and his deputy general Konstantin Pavlovich Pokyashek not frightened, and already on June 23, the latter was headed by creating a defensive line Kingisepp - Luga - Lake Ilmen. Leningraders built - ordinary residents, mostly women and teenagers. Men were mobilized to the army or worked at military factories.

In the most difficult conditions, the Leningradians managed to create a superbly fortified echelonized line with a length of 175 km, with a depth of 10-15 km, which included 94 km of anti-tank RVov, 160 km of Escarpov, 570 dollars and sucks. On July 4, the rate of the Supreme Commander agreed with the decision of the leadership of the district and approved it (in fact, the rear date), and a week later, the counties of the district troops had already entered into battle with the upcoming opponent. The Germans first managed to embry on the defensive line and create several bridgeheads, but the approached operational reserve groups quickly stabilized the situation. He led the defenses, General Pyatyshev - an officer of the Imperial Army, who fought with the Germans in the first world, and acted very successfully.

And then it happened inexplicable: in mid-July, Pyashesh was arrested on charges of anti-Soviet agitation. Allegedly in the late 1930s in the letters to his wife he unfriendly responded to repression in the army environment. Despite the requests of several generals, Pyatsashev was convicted and sent to the camp, where in a few years it died. Naturally, it was subsequently acquitted and rehabilitated. But even without its creator, the well-defense defense of the Luzhsky turn more than a month detained the promotion of the enemy and made it possible to prepare defensive frontiers in the near approaches to Leningrad.

"Somewhere in the middle of August, I still had to leave Luzhsk fortifications. From our shelf there are hundreds of one and a half, maybe less. Strengthening were excellent. When they managed to do, I do not know. The trenches in full profile are trimmed by boards. With machine-gun nests. Dugouts in three or four rolls. These fortifications saved us a lot of lives. Then it turned out that someone who built them, General Pyatsheva, was given under the Tribunal and shot. By order of Stalin. Then a few senior commanders were shot. All anything. To deteriorate, or what? " - wrote Daniel Garin in the book "My Lieutenant".

At the end of August, Vyacheslav Molotov left in Leningrad received such a Stalin telegram: "Don't you think that someone deliberately opens the Germans on this important site? What kind of man popov? What, in fact, is busy with Voroshilov and what is his help to Leningrad? I am writing about this, as it is very alarmed incomprehensible to me inaction of the Leningrad command. "

A few days later, Marcian Popov was filmed with the command of the troops in the Leningrad area, his place was taken by Marshal Voroshilov. Stalin did not forgave Generals a manifested initiative.

From the end of August, did not have time to move backup positions (there was no ordered), the defenders of the meadow luggage were fighting surrounded, and not everyone managed to break through to Leningrad. Although some disparates and left units left without ammunition resisted until September 15. But the dead part was managed the main thing - the Germans could not take Leningrad with the go and were forced to urgently change strategic plans. The Barbarossa plan began to crack on the seams.

The city was defended to half a million fighters of the Leningrad Front, who took prepared positions, and the entire Baltic fleet with mighty ship tools. Not to mention the three million inhabitants who are ready to come to the aid of the troops, and more than three hundreds of enterprises producing up to 12% of all industrial products of the USSR. And the more densely the fascists squeezed the ring around Leningrad, the hardest resistance was becoming. The command of the Wehrmacht understood that an attempt to take the city turned into a fortress would inevitably lead to huge losses if it would work out at all.

From the Directive of the head of the headquarters of the Naval Forces of Germany No. 1601 of September 22, 1941, the "Future of the city of St. Petersburg": "2. The Führer decided to erase the city of Leningrad from the face of the Earth. After the defeat of Soviet Russia, the further existence of this largest settlement does not represent any interest ... 4. It is supposed to surround the city with a close ring and by shelling from the artillery of all calibers and the continuous bombing from the air to charm it from the ground. If, as a result, requests that created in the city will be announced by requests for delivery, they will be rejected, since the problems associated with staying in the city of the population and its food supply cannot and should not be solved. In this war, leading to the right to exist, we are not interested in preserving at least part of the population. .

But another order of the Fuhrer, number S.123 of October 7, 1941: "No German soldier should enter these cities (Moscow and Leningrad). Who will leave the city against our lines, should be reinted back with fire.

Small unguarded passages that make it possible to enter the population for evacuation into the inland areas of Russia, you should only welcome. The population needs to be forced to escape from the city with the help of artillery shelling and air bombing. The numerous population of cities, running deep into Russia, the greater the chaos of the enemy and the easier it will be for us the task of management and use of the occupied regions. All higher officers should be aware of this desire of the Führera. "

By the way, these documents make a completely meaningless recent discussion on whether to protect Leningrad at all or it was necessary to pass his enemy to rescue the civilian population. Obviously, the Germans were not going to take the city and even to some extent to help its residents.

After taking Schlisselburg and the actual establishment of the blockade of troops, the background of Leeba moved to the positional defense. The German command solved Leningrad not to storm, but together with the Finnish troops to take into the ring of the environment and wait for all the inhabitants of the besieged city will die with a hungry death. A significant part of the fascist troops, first of all, the 4th Tank Panel of Erich Hepner, in the second half of September was transferred to Moscow.

Headquarters of the Land Forces of the Wehrmacht General Franz Galder these days recorded in his famous "military diary": "Given the need for troops on the Leningrad section of the front, where the opponent focuses large human and material forces and means, the situation here will be tense until until you know our ally - hunger. "

Cynically, but it is extremely clear.

Terrible word "blockade"

September 8: Fall of Schlisselburg and the beginning of the blockade. On the same day, the fire on the largest Badaevsky food warehouses in the city. Whether it's a good hit of the fascist projectile, or set fire, - it is not known. There were many accomplices of the enemy in the city, the Germans were actively used by saboteurs. This is how the terrible days of the indigenous Leningradets describes, a wonderful scientist and poet Alexander Moiseevich Gorodnitsky, who saw everything with his own eyes:

Weeks first blockades
Battles for Gatchina and Moscow State University,
Badaevsky warehouses are burning
At the low Nevsky shore.

Flour burns over the area
Smoke rises high,
Beautiful flame green
Granulate sugar.

Boiling, oil flashes,
Fountain throwing up.
Three days over the city did not go
Sad this firework.

And we guessed vaguely,
Hot air breathing
That in that fire is every minute
Summer soul burns.

And understood doomedly
Inhaling sweet aroma,
What follows the smoke of this black
And our souls will fly away.

And the city fell into the city,
Sucking the sun for the bay,
And the house burned down nearby
Boulevard opposite lumbering.

I would have forgotten it
Why, imagine, I can not -
Badaevsky warehouses are burning
On a magled bank.

The first winter was the most terrible. The city was not ready for the blockade, although it was generally possible to prepare for this horror. It was impossible to prepare such a food supply to feed three million people for several months, especially since the country was forced to provide the whole front, and not just Leningrad. You can talk about some separate specific manual errors, but also a completely objective situation was catastrophic. The city has always lived on imported food, the warehouses were little. Even if in August, it was possible to prepare a little more, it would only briefly completely outpan the offensive of hunger, but he would still come to the city.

bread grain and flour - for 35 days;

crupes and pasta - for 30 days;

meat and meat products - for 33 days;

fats - 45 days.

Cards introduced back in July. But it was obvious that even with the striculous savings of reserves could not be enough until the beginning of winter. And I had to stretch it for many months. According to the memoirs of many blocks, animals - cats, dogs, pigeons, even mice and rats disappeared in the city. At first, many did not notice what happened and only with time realized that this was a terrible approach of hunger.

The creepy Leningrad weekdays are not yet described, and it is already impossible to add something new to them. The pages of the diary of Tanya Savicheva, who can not read without tears, the excited verses of Olga Bergholts, the feat of the staff of the Planting Institute, 29 of which died of hunger, but did not touch the unique sowing foundation.

People died right on the streets, death gradually became everyday life. The first began to die refugees from the occupied suburbs - they were destroyed in schools and houses of culture, but they did not relieve cards. Here is the first collision with the death described by the blockade of academician Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachev in his book "Memories": "I remember - I was for some reason in a paid clinic on a large avenue of the Petrograd side. In the registry lay on the floor a few people selected on the street. They were put on her arms and fees. Meanwhile, they simply had to be fed, but it was nothing to feed. I asked: What will happen to them next? I was answered: "They will die." - "But can not be taken to the hospital?" - "Not on what, and either feed them there still nothing. They need to feed them many, since they have a strong degree of depletion. " Sentities took the corpses of the dead in the basement. I remember - one was still very young. His face was black: the faces of the starving strongly dark. Sanitary explained to me that it is necessary to paint the corpses down while they are still warm. When the corpse is cold, the lice crawls. The city was infected with Vshami: the starving was not to "hygiene."

But that was only the beginning. By the end of autumn, hunger and cold became genuine owners of Leningrad. No laws and punishments have not stopped distraught people.

"I saw a terrible picture once. Specialcol, military, for young people, was placed on the corner of the big and introduced. Students there are starving there, as well as everywhere. And died. Finally, school decided to dissolve. And who could have left. Some were led by the hands of mother and sisters, rushed, were confused in the shells hanging on them, like on hangers, fell, their fibers. There was already snow, which, of course, no one cleaned, stood a terrible cold. And below, under the special school was a "grocery". Issued bread. The boys, especially those who suffered from hunger (adolescents need more food), rushed to bread and immediately began to eat it. They did not try to escape: just to eat more, until they were taken away. They raised the collars in advance, waiting for the beatings, lay on bread and ate, spruce, ate. And on the stairs of the houses were expected by other thieves and weakened took the products, cards, passports. Elderly was especially difficult. Those who have been taken away cards could not restore them. It was enough that was so weakened not to eat day or two, as they could not walk, and when the legs stopped acting - the end end. Usually families died immediately. While in the family was at least one who could walk and redeem bread, the rest, lying, were still alive. But it was enough to stop walking or falling out somewhere on the street, on the stairs (it was especially difficult for those who lived in high floors), as the end of the whole family came, "wrote academician of Likhachev in his" memories. "

The blockade has hardened people, made to fight for survival. It is not accepted about many episodes, although it is also the pages of a terrible blockade story. And there are no guilt of people, only trouble ...

"We have cut the soft parts on the streets of the corpses. The cannibality began! At first, the corpses were undressed, then cut off to the bones, the meat on them was almost no, cropped and bare corpses were scary. It is impossible to condemn the cannibalism. For the most part it was not conscious. The one who cut the corpse - rarely ate this meat itself. He either sold it meat, deceiving the buyer, or fed them his loved ones to preserve their lives. After all, the most important protein food. It was nowhere to get these proteins. When a child dies and you know that only meat can save him, - you will deprive the corpse ... "- wrote Likhachev.

By the end of the winter, the situation became very terrible, in January, February and March was dying about a hundred thousand people. The road of life in Ice Ladoga could not provide the city. People lived hope to reach spring and warmth.

"The corpses of dead from exhaustion almost did not spoil: they were so dry, which could lie for a long time. Families of the dead did not harbor their own: they received cards on them. There were no fear in front of the corpses, the relatives were not mourned - the tears was also not. The doors were not blocked in the apartments: ice was accumulated on the roads, as well as along the ladder (after all, the water was worn in buckets, the water was spilled, it was often shed exhausted people, and the water immediately frozen). The cold walked around apartments. So died folklorist Kaletsky. He lived somewhere near the Kirov Prospect. When they came to him, the door of his apartment was half open. It was seen that the last tenants tried to braid ice to close it, but could not. In cold rooms, under the blankets, fur coats, carpets lay the corpses: dry, not decomposed. When did these people die? " - recalled Academician Likhachev.

The city was dying, but painfully clinging for life. Worked enterprises, tanks right from the Kirov and Putilovsky factories went to the forefront, people even managed to spend the concerts. In March 1942, at the most critical moment, at the Kuibyshev Theater Opera and Ballet held the premiere of the 7th "Leningrad" Symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich, which he began to write in a blockade city, and completed in evacuation. Football matches took place in May. It is clear that these were "indicative" events and participants specially prepared (simply, refilled) to them, but this does not reduce their psychological importance. No bread survived with bread.

Operation "Spark"

In the autumn, everyone was waiting for the "Kulik, who should save the city." This was spoken of queues for bread. It was about the Marshal of Grigory Kulik, who was instructed in the fall of 1941 at the head of a specially created 54th army to break the ring of blockades. But due to the misordinance of actions and the overall unpreparedness of the offensive, the Sinyavinsk operation failed. Then there was an equally unsuccessful 2nd Sinyavinskaya, already in the 1942th - Lyuban operation, which ended with the environment and almost complete destruction of the 2nd shock army Vlasov.

The Germans seriously strengthened their frontiers, they managed to pull up the reserves, besides, had complete domination in the air. Our troops lacked penetrating power, they did not have time to collect forces in a fist, as they had already been thrown into the offensive. It is clear that the hurry was caused by the desire to facilitate the position of the dying city, but she only led to unjustified severe losses.

That weighty and more significant was the January success of 1943. At this time, the main actions flared up under Stalingrad, but the rate was able to concentrate enough forces for a breakthrough, and most importantly, clearly plan the operation, starting it at the same time from the inside the rings and outside. For this, Marshal Georgy Zhukov was appointed a special representative of the bid to coordinate the actions of two fronts. In fact, he also led the operation with the commander of the fronts by Generals Kirill Meretkov and Leonid Govorov.

On January 12, after two-hour training, the 2nd strike army of General Vladimir Romanovsky (from the Volkhov Front) and the 67th Army of General Mikhail Dukhanova (Leningrad Front) moved towards each other. On the first day, the distance between them was reduced by only two kilometers, in the second one more several kilometers. The Germans who had deeply echelonized defense, desperately resisted and counterattacked in the flank of the upcoming troops. But it was impossible to stop the gust of our fighters. On January 18, the troops of the two fronts met, on the same day she was taken Shlisselburg. A corridor of about ten kilometers broken along the shore along the coast restored Leningrad's land with a country. In the shortest possible time, the railway rail and the road route was laid along which the necessary suppresses went to the city, primarily food. These ways entered the story as a victory road, as if contrasting with a blockade ice dear life.

The removal of the blockade was saved by Leningrad. Let the city still had a whole year in the opponent's ring, but he no longer died, but breathing with full breasts. The city survived, and it was the most important thing. Under conditions, when the opponent was the most intended purpose of the destruction of the entire population of Leningrad, simply survival became the main task and the personal contribution of each resident in the struggle for his city. About this and wrote a boy-blocadenik Alexander Gorodnitsky:

Wind evil and sky below
On the border of two eras.
All and the valor is that survived,
That from hunger is not dead.

What did not legate with others
In the stack of frozen bodies,
That fragment from the projectile
Missed by ear.

My military experience of pity,
In the winter, dushachnaya tu -
I did not quit lighters,
I did not stand in the post.

I remember often
Black and white cinema,
Where I watch I, eight-year,
In a darkened window.

Howl flower closer closer
Before shelter is far away.
All and the valor in what survived.
It was not easy to survive.

Today - 75 years from the day of breakthrough the blockade of Leningrad and the establishment of land with a deposited city.
My congratulations to Leningrads, the descendants of the warriors of the Leningrad, Volkhov fronts and blockades with this date!
The bright memory of those who died in Leningrad and under Leningrad to Soviet soldiers, as well as residents of the city, who did not survive the blockade. Yes, and those who survived it, almost never left - even to those who were born in those days, she had already shucked 75 ...

Below are the scans of the "breakthrough" number "Red Star" (19.1.1943), the main military newspaper of the USSR.
You can read and see how this event was broadcast to contemporaries.

2. Extra message Sovinformbüro from the first strip of the KZ (it was read on the radio in the evening of January 18).

3. And entirely the first band of the KZ on which it was printed. On the same day, the Marshall title was assigned to G.K. Zhukov.

4. Evening summary of the Sovinform Bureau with a reflection of the event in the context of all front-line events.

5. First correspondence from the front.

Happy holiday, Leningraders!

Leningrad blockade (now - St. Petersburg) began on September 8, 1941. The city was surrounded by German, Finnish and Spanish troops, volunteers from Europe, Italy and North Africa were supported. Leningrad was not ready for a long siege - there was no sufficient stock of products and fuel in the city.

The only way to report with Leningrad remained Lake Lake, but the bandwidth of this transport highway is the famous "road life", it was not enough to satisfy the needs of the city.

In Leningrad there were terrible times - people died from hunger and dystrophy, there were no hot water, the rats destroyed food reserves and expanded infections, the transport stood, the patients lacked the medicine.

Because of frosty winters, the water pipes were frozen and the houses remained without water. Fuel catastrophically lacked. People did not have time to bury - and the corpses lay right on the street.

Attempts to break through the blockade were made several times.

In the fall of 1941, the 1st and 2nd Sinyavinsky operations were held, but both of them ended with failure and big losses. Two more operations were held in 1942, but they were not crowned with success.

At the end of 1942, the Military Council of the Leningrad Front prepared the plans of two offensive operations - Shlisselburg and Uritsky. The first was planned to spend in early December, among its tasks was the removal of the blockade and the construction of the railway. Shlisselburg-Sinyavinsky ledge, turned by an opponent in a powerful fortified area, closed the ring of blockade from sushi and divided the 15-kilometer corridor two Soviet front. During the Uritskaya operation, it was assumed to restore the land connection with Oranienbaum bridgehead, an area on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland.

From the Uritskaya operation, it was decided to refuse, and Shlisselburg was renamed Stalin to the Iskra operation - it was appointed at the beginning of January 1943.

"The joint efforts of the Volkhov and Leningrad Fronts defeat the enemy's grouping in the Lipsk region, Gaitolovo, Moscow Dubrovka, Shlisselburg and, thus, break the siege of the mountains. Leningrad, to the outcome of January 1943, the operation to finish ",

In the first half of February 1943, it was planned to prepare and conduct an operation to defeat the enemy in the area of \u200b\u200bthe MGA village and clear the Kirov Railway.

Preparation of the operation and training of troops lasted for almost a month.

"The surgery had a challenging ... the army's troops had to, to contact with the enemy, to overcome a wide water barrier, then break through a strong enemy positional defense, which was created and improved about 16 months," Mikhail Dukhanov's commander of the 67th Army recalled. - In addition, we had to apply a frontal blow, since, according to the conditions of the situation, the maneuver was excluded. Given all these circumstances, in the preparation of the operation, we paid a lot of attention to the training of troops skillfully and quickly force a wide water barrier in winter conditions and break through the strong defense of the enemy. "

In total, more than 300 thousand fighters were involved in the operation, almost 5,000 guns and mortars, more than 600 tanks and 809 aircraft. From the invaders - only about 60 thousand fighters, 700 guns and mortars, about 50 tanks and sau, 200 aircraft.

The start of the operation was postponed until January 12 - the rivers did not have time to freeze.

The troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts put counter strikes towards the village of Sinyavino. By evening, they advanced three kilometers to meet each other from the East and the West. By the end of the next day, despite the resistance of the enemy, the distance between the armies decreased to 5 km, and another day - to two.

The enemy hastily moved troops from other front sites to the reference points on the flank of the breakthrough. In the approaches to Shlisselburg, fierce battles were conducted. In the evening of January 15, Soviet troops made their way to the outskirts of the city.

By January 18, the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts as much as possible to each other. In the villages at Shlisselburg, after a time they attacked the enemy times.

On the morning of January 18, the troops of the Leningrad Front stormed the working settlement number 5. From the east there swung the Rifle Division of the Volkhov Front.

Fighters met. The blockade was broken.

The operation ended on January 30 - a corridor of 8-11 km wide was formed along the shore of the Neva, which allowed Leningrad's land bond with the country.

The blockade of Leningrad ended on January 27, 1944 - then the Red Army with the help of the Kronstadt artillery forced the Nazis to retreat. That day a festive salute rang out in the city, and all the inhabitants left their homes to celebrate the end of the siege. The victory of the victory was the strings of the Soviet poetess of Faith Inberts: "Glory and you, the Great City, / Solving the front and rear, / in unprecedented difficulties that / survived. Fucked. Won".

In the Kirov district of the Leningrad region in honor of the 75th anniversary of the breakthrough, the blockade is planned to open a panorama museum. In the first hall, the museum can be found with the video record of attempts by breaking the blockade by Soviet troops and an animated film about tragic blockade days. In the second hall of 500 square meters. m. There is a three-dimensional panorama, the most accurately recreation of the episode of the decisive battle of the Iskra operation on January 13 on Nevsky Pigatch in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Arbuzovo.

The technical discovery of the new pavilion will be held on Thursday, January 18, in the 75th anniversary of the Blood Blockade of Leningrad. From January 27, the exposition will be open to visitors.

January 18 on the Fontanka Embankment, 21 will take place "Candle of Memory" - at 17:00 Candles will be lit in memory of the victims of the blockade.

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