Presentation on artistic culture. MHK presentations. These presentations can be used to conduct lessons in fine arts, they will be useful as they contribute to a better visual perception of students and make the lessons more dynamic.

It is difficult to disagree with how big a role art plays in the history of any period. Judge for yourself: in history lessons at school, after each topic devoted to the study of the political and economic situation in the world in a given time period, students are invited to prepare reports on the art of this era.

Also in the school course since relatively recently there is such a subject as the MHC. This is absolutely not accidental, because any work of art is one of the brightest reflections of the time in which it was created, and allows you to look at world history through the eyes of the creator who gave life to this work.

Definition of culture

World art culture, or MHC for short, is a type of social culture, which is based on the figurative and creative reproduction of society and people, as well as animate and inanimate nature through the means used professional art and folk art. Also, these are phenomena and processes of spiritual practical activity that creates, distributes and masters material objects and works of art that have aesthetic value. World artistic culture includes picturesque, sculptural, architectural heritage and monuments, as well as all the variety of works created by the people and their individual representatives.

The role of the MHC as a subject

In the course of studying the course of world artistic culture, both broad integration and understanding of the relationship of culture, primarily with historical events of any time period, as well as with the social sciences, is provided.

As mentioned earlier, the world artistic culture covers all the artistic activities that a person has ever been engaged in. These are literature, theater, music, fine arts. All processes related to the creation and storage, as well as to the dissemination, creation and evaluation of cultural heritage are studied. The problems associated with ensuring the further cultural life of society and the training of specialists of appropriate qualifications in universities do not remain aloof.

As an academic subject, the Moscow Art Theater is an appeal to the entire artistic culture, and not to its individual types.

The concept of a cultural era

The cultural epoch, or cultural paradigm, is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that contains the image of both a specific person living at a specific time and carrying out his activities, and a community of people with the same way of life, life mood and thinking, value system.

Cultural paradigms replace each other as a result of a kind of natural-cultural selection through the interaction of traditional and innovative components that art carries. MHC as training course aims to study these processes.

What is the Renaissance

One of the most significant periods in the development of culture is the Renaissance, or Renaissance, the dominance of which fell on the XIII-XVI centuries. and marked the beginning of the New Age. The area most affected artistic creativity.

After an era of decline in the Middle Ages, art flourishes and ancient artistic wisdom is reborn. It was at this time and in the meaning of "revival" that the Italian word rinascita is used, later numerous analogues appear in European languages, including the French Renaissance. All artistic creativity, primarily fine arts, becomes a universal "language" that allows you to know the secrets of nature and get closer to it. The master reproduces nature not conditionally, but strives for maximum naturalness, trying to surpass the Almighty. The development of the sense of beauty familiar to us begins, the natural sciences and the knowledge of God all the time find common ground. In the Renaissance, art becomes both a laboratory and a temple.

periodization

The Renaissance is divided into several time periods. In Italy - the birthplace of the Renaissance - several periods were distinguished, which for a long time were used all over the world. This is the Proto-Renaissance (1260-1320), partly included in the Ducento period (XIII century). In addition, there were periods of Trecento (XIV century), Quattrocento (XV century), Cinquecento (XVI century).

A more general periodization divides the epoch into Early Renaissance(XIV-XV centuries). At this time, there is an interaction of new trends with Gothic, which is creatively transformed. Next come the periods of the Middle, or High, and Late Renaissance, in which a special place is given to mannerism, characterized by a crisis in the humanistic culture of the Renaissance.

Also in countries such as France and Holland, the so-called where late Gothic plays a huge role is developing. As the history of the MHC says, the Renaissance was reflected in Eastern Europe: Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, as well as in the Scandinavian countries. Spain, Great Britain and Portugal became countries with an original Renaissance culture that had developed in them.

Philosophical and religious components of the Renaissance

Through the reflections of such representatives of the philosophy of this period as Giordano Bruno, Nicholas of Cusa, Giovanni and Paracelsus, the themes of spiritual creativity, as well as the struggle for the right to call an individual a “second god” and associate a person with him, become relevant in the Moscow Art Theater.

Relevant, as at all times, is the problem of consciousness and personality, faith in God and higher powers. There are both compromise-moderate and heretical views on this issue.

A person is faced with a choice, and the reform of the church of this time implies a Renaissance not only within the framework of the MHC. This is also a person propagated through the speeches of figures of all religious denominations: from the founders of the Reformation to the Jesuits.

The main task of the era. A few words about humanism

At the forefront during the Renaissance is the education of a new person. The Latin word humanitas, from which the word "humanism" is derived, is the equivalent of the Greek word for "education".

Within the framework of the Renaissance, humanism calls on a person to master the ancient wisdom important for that time and find a way to self-knowledge and self-improvement. Here there is a confluence of all the best that other periods could offer, leaving their mark on the MHC. The Renaissance took the ancient heritage of antiquity, religiosity and the secular code of honor of the Middle Ages, the creative energy and human mind of the New Age, creating a completely new and seemingly perfect type of worldview.

Renaissance in various fields of human artistic activity

During this period, illusory nature-like paintings replace icons, becoming the center of innovation. Landscapes, everyday painting, portrait are actively painted. Printed engraving on metal and wood is spreading. Working sketches of artists become an independent form of creativity. Picture illusoryness is also present in

In architecture, under the influence of architects' enthusiasm for the idea of ​​the centric, proportional temples, palaces and architectural ensembles are becoming popular, emphasizing earthly, centric perspective-organized horizontals.

Renaissance literature is characterized by love for Latin as the language of educated people, adjacent to national and folk languages. Such genres as the picaresque novel and urban short story, heroic poems and novels of medieval adventurous and chivalrous themes, satire, pastoral and love lyrics are becoming popular. At the peak of the popularity of drama, theaters put on performances with an abundance of city holidays and magnificent court extravaganzas, becoming a product for colorful syntheses. various kinds arts.

Strict musical polyphony flourishes in music. The complication of compositional techniques, the appearance of the first forms of sonatas, operas, suites, oratorios and overtures. Secular music, close to folklore, becomes on a par with religious music. There is a branch of instrumental music in separate view, and the pinnacle of the era - the creation of full-fledged solo songs, operas and oratorios. The temple was replaced by the opera house, which took the place of the center of musical culture.

In general, the main breakthrough is that the once medieval anonymity is replaced by individual, authorial creativity. In this regard, the world artistic culture is moving to a fundamentally new level.

Titans of the Renaissance

It is not surprising that such a fundamental revival of art, in fact, from the ashes could not take place without those people who created a new culture with their creations. They were later called "titans" for the contributions they made.

The proto-Renaissance was personified by Giotto, and during the Quattrocento period, the constructively strict Masaccio and the sincerely lyrical works of Botticelli and Angelico opposed each other.

The average, or represented by Raphael, Michelangelo and, of course, Leonardo da Vinci - artists who became iconic at the turn of the New Age.

The famous architects of the Renaissance were Bramante, Brunelleschi and Palladio. Brueghel the Elder, Bosch and Van Eyck are painters of the Dutch Renaissance. Holbein the Younger, Durer, Cranach the Elder became the founders of the German Renaissance.

The literature of this period remembers the names of such “titan” masters as Shakespeare, Petrarch, Cervantes, Rabelais, who gave the world lyrics, novel and drama, and also contributed to the formation of the literary languages ​​of their countries.

Undoubtedly, the Renaissance contributed to the development of many trends in art and gave impetus to the creation of new ones. It is not known what the history of world artistic culture would be like if this period did not exist. Maybe, classical art today would not cause such admiration, most of the trends in literature, music and painting would not exist at all. Or maybe everything with which we are accustomed to associate classical art would have appeared, but many years or even centuries later. Whatever the course of events, And only one thing is obvious: even today we admire the works of this era, and this once again proves its importance in the cultural life of society.

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Presentation for the lesson of the World Artistic Culture In the 10th grade (Profile level) qualification category T.D. Ageyeva Municipal Budgetary educational institution Vladimir "Secondary school No. 15"

Art of the Middle Ages

General characteristics of the culture of the Middle Ages The beginning of the era of medieval culture is considered to be 476, the year of the fall of the Roman Empire. There is also an art history term "medieval culture" - from the adoption of Christianity by the emperor of Rome Constantine as the official religion in 313 and to the XV II century.

When studying the topic, it is necessary to pay attention to the following questions: The Middle Ages includes 3 periods - 3 stages of the development of feudalism (formation, flourishing and decline) The early Middle Ages dates back to the V - X centuries Mature feudalism - X - the end of the XV century Late Middle Ages - XV - XVII centuries The spirit of the era: the movement of peoples, the creation of new states, the expansion of trade and cultural ties between Europe and North Africa, the Middle East, the emergence of the first parliaments and constitutions, inventions, European languages. A contradiction in the worldview of the Middle Ages: man is the crown of nature, man is the servant of God.

A special place in culture is occupied by such genres of art as architecture and painting. The language of science and the church is Latin. The art of "language in stone" is the destiny of the common people. The role of the church and its influence on the culture of the Middle Ages is very great. The church is the main customer of works of art, serves the religious cult. The plots of the works are of a religious nature: these are images of the other world, the language of symbols and allegories. There is no portrait genre, as it is believed that a simple person is not worthy of the image. The main genre of painting is an icon. Plots - the lives of the saints, the image of the Mother of God, Jesus Christ. When studying the topic, it is necessary to pay attention to the following questions:

Features of architecture Romanesque style The term "Romanesque style" - appeared in the XIX century from the concept - "Roman languages." They are based on Latin - the language of the ancient Romans. The period that covers the Romanesque style is X - XII centuries. This is the first great style in art. Stages of development of Romanesque art: - pre-Romanesque - 5th-9th centuries - Romanesque - 11th-12th centuries Main types of structures: - feudal castle - monastic ensemble -temple

The main features of the construction of castles: - The castle is a product of the feudal era, a period of fragmentation, wars, raids. In order to protect themselves, the castle was built as a fortress. - heavy gloomy grandeur - jagged top - three-story towers - a moat - huge gates on chains - a bridge - Donjons - high rectangular towers, under which there were underground storerooms, rooms for servants and guards. The choice of building site: a hill or an elevated place, a river slope.

Donjon - the highest and largest tower of the castle, in which the feudal lord took refuge during the siege.

Leaning Tower of Pisa Built of white marble, a masterpiece of medieval architecture. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is called the leaning tower, due to its tilt due to subsidence of the ground. In 1301, its last tier was moved to the opposite side.

Gothic style "Gothic" - the term was introduced by the humanists of the revival, who considered everything that was not antique - negative, barbaric. The Goths, who have dissolved as a people among Italians, Germans, Spaniards, have nothing to do with the name. The Gothic style is the second great style of the Middle Ages. It originated in France and dominated from the 12th to the 16th centuries.

The Gothic church (cathedral) can be immediately recognized by the lancet arches (pointed upwards), arches of windows, doorways. Churches no longer look like fortresses, easily ascending to the sky, as if they were not made of stone at all. The windows are lined with stained-glass windows and take up so much space that there are almost no walls left. The vaults support pillars covered with semi-columns, resembling bundles of stems.

Cathedral of Notre Dame

In late Gothic, stained-glass windows, sculptures, "stone" ornaments, and ceiling carvings become more and more complex. Often they resemble the most complex lace patterns. I can’t even believe that all this is made of stone.

Gothic style in architecture

Features of the applied art of the Middle Ages Artistic craft was the most developed. They richly decorated even household items. Wicker ornament was especially generously used. It consisted of an endless strip, the weaves of which filled the entire surface of the object. Between the weaves were images of animals and people, distorted and simplified, or stylized.

The main forms of painting are monumental temple painting - mosaic and fresco, icon painting, book miniatures Mosaic is a complex technique of folding a picture from multi-colored pieces of smalt (an alloy of glass with mineral paints). Here, the angle of incidence of light was precisely calculated, the surface of the mosaic was made slightly rough. A stained-glass window is a picturesque canvas made of pieces of multi-colored glass, the angle of incidence of light played a special role. The color gave a unique color to the entire room of the temple. Used blue, red, yellow colors. The image was flat, without shadows, themes on religious subjects, which were instructive in nature.

Features of the sculpture of the Middle Ages Sculpture of the Middle Ages has its own characteristics - images of saints are devoid of a canon, simple faces, images of real people, fantasy creatures, the forces of evil (asps) adorned the temples. The reliefs depicted biblical events and legendary scenes from the life of the saints. In addition to decorating churches, the reliefs had another task. Simple people in those days they were illiterate, for their enlightenment they created the “bible of the poor” from stone.

Terminology of the Middle Ages Ascetic Salary Scholasticism Vagant Codex Vivarium Allegory Miniature Donjon Canon Rose Treatise Icon Altar Stained-glass window


World artistic culture is a subject that is extremely difficult to study without visual material because the culture is based on paintings, music and sculpture. MHC presentations contain a large number of slides and photos and music, so that the information is very well absorbed. Presentations will help to better reveal the intricacies of cultural development different countries and tell students about the biographies of great artists and composers. All presentations are available for download absolutely free of charge.

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Here you will find presentations on the MHC for both lower grades as well as for high school students. Thanks to the clarity, colorfulness of the slides, correctly structured and divided into blocks of information, the audience will be easier to perceive the subject and better concentrate on the topic.

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Culture (from Latin cultura - cultivation, upbringing, education, development, veneration) Culture - a set of material and spiritual values, life ideas, patterns of behavior, norms, methods and techniques human activity: - reflecting a certain level of historical development of society and man; - embodied in subject, material carriers; and - transmitted to subsequent generations.

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Artistic culture (art) is a specific type of reflection and formation of reality by a person in the process of artistic creativity in accordance with certain aesthetic ideals. WORLD CULTURE - CREATED IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.

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Functions of art Narrative-cognitive - knowledge and enlightenment. Information and communication - communication between the viewer and the artist, communication between people with works of art, communication among themselves about works of art. Prognostic - anticipation and prediction. Socially transformative and intellectually moral - people and society are getting better, they are imbued with the ideals that art puts forward, they reject what criticism of art is aimed at.

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Aesthetic - the development of the abilities of artistic perception and creativity. On the examples of works of art, people develop their artistic taste, learn to see beauty in life. Hedonistic - pleasure. Psychological impact on a person - when, listening to music, we cry, looking at a painting, we feel joy and a surge of strength. Art as a keeper of the memory of generations.

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SPATIAL KINDS OF ART - types of art, works of which - exist in space, not changing and not developing in time; - have a substantive character; - are performed by processing material material; - perceived by the audience directly and visually. Spatial arts are subdivided: - into fine arts (painting, sculpture, graphics, photography); - non-fine arts (architecture, arts and crafts and artistic design (design)).

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Fine arts Fine art is a kind of art, the main feature of which is the reflection of reality in visual, visually perceived images. Fine arts include: painting graphics sculpture photography printing

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PAINTING - a kind of fine art, the works of which are created on a plane using colored materials. Painting is divided into: easel monumental decorative

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Special types of painting are: icon painting, miniature, fresco, theatrical and decorative painting, diorama and panorama.

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SCULPTURE is a type of fine art, the works of which have a material, objective volume and a three-dimensional form, placed in real space. The main objects of sculpture are man and images of the animal world. The main types of sculpture are round sculpture and relief. sculpture is divided into: - monumental; - monumental-decorative; - easel; and - sculpture of small forms.

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PHOTO ART - plastic art, the works of which are created by means of photography.

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Non-fine arts design (artistic design). architecture decorative and applied,

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ARCHITECTURE - the art of designing and constructing buildings and creating artistically expressive ensembles. The main goal of architecture is to create an environment for work, life and recreation of the population.

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DECORATIVE ARTS is the field of plastic arts, the works of which, along with architecture, artistically form the material environment surrounding a person. Decorative art is divided into: - monumental and decorative art; - arts and crafts; and - decorative arts.

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DESIGN - artistic design of the objective world; development of samples of rational construction of the subject environment.

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TEMPORARY ARTS Temporary arts include: music; 2) fiction.

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Music is an art form that reflects reality in sound artistic images. Music can convey emotions, feelings of people, which is expressed in rhythm, intonation, melody. According to the method of performance, it is divided into instrumental and vocal.

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Fiction is a kind of art in which speech is the material carrier of imagery. It is sometimes called "fine literature" or "art of the word." There are artistic, scientific, journalistic, reference, critical, courtly, epistolary, and other literature.

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SPATIAL-TIME (spectacular) KINDS OF ART These types of art include: 1) dance; 2) theater; 3) cinematography; 4) variety and circus art.

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CINEMA ART is a kind of art, the works of which are created with the help of filming of real, or specially staged, or with the involvement of means of animation of events, facts, and phenomena of reality. It is a synthetic art form that combines literature, theatre, visual arts and music.

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DANCE is an art form in which artistic images are created by means of plastic movements and rhythmically clear and continuous change of expressive positions of the human body. Dance is inextricably linked with music, the emotional and figurative content of which is embodied in its choreographic composition, movements, and figures. .

 

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