Ship command boats. Requests from Marines, Divers, and Mine Action Specialists

Boat Strizh 1390- Project 1390 command crew boat, developed by order of the Navy, combines aesthetics and excellent driving performance.

Despite the low speed of 13 knots, the boat shows good seaworthiness, withstanding waves of 4-5 points. The material for the structural elements was Aluminium alloy AMg5. The hull is assembled according to a transverse scheme with a distance between the frames of 0.45 m.

Watertight bulkheads installed in the area of ​​4 and 8 frames divide the hull into sealed compartments that ensure the unsinkability of the vessel. Argon-arc welding is used to connect the parts of the structure to each other and to the sheathing sheets.

Swift 1390 has a cabin with three berths and an open area for passengers. In the bow of the vessel there is a large hold for equipment. Remote control boat and work control power plant carried out from the control post.

Technical characteristics of the boat Strizh:

Photo and video of the boat Strizh





Large crew boat(Fig. 12.5) - a seaworthy decked steel boat with a single-shaft diesel engine of the ZD6S brand, with a cockpit, a raised wheelhouse, a saloon and an open cockpit for passengers. It has proven itself well in operation on large surface ships.

Rice. 12.5. Large crew boat


A large fiberglass crew boat has been developed, approved and put into production (Fig. 12.6). It is distinguished by a more powerful engine of the ZD6N brand, higher speed, hull shape and a different layout of the premises: a salon with good overview located in front of the cabin; engine compartment - between the cockpit and the transom. Its unsinkability is ensured when any compartment is filled with water.


Rice. 12.6. Large crew boat with water jet


Large work boat(Table 12.2) and motor barges will be replaced by a new large fiberglass workboat (Figure 12.7). Unlike previous designs, the boat has jet propulsion in the bow and stern, powered by diesel engines of the D37E brand. The jet propulsion will allow the boat to have high maneuverability, up to moving with a lag.


T a b l e 12.2. Notes: 1. The limiting angle of heel, at which the minimum buoyancy margin of the boats is ensured, corresponds to the position - the shoulder of the gunwale at the midsection touches the sea surface.
2. The circulation diameter in hull lengths for boats is 3-4.



Rice. 12.7. Large work boat with water jet


Small crew boat(Fig. 12.8) entered service with new ships of the Navy instead of small crew boats (Table 12.2). It is a seaworthy boat - a limousine made of light alloy, with a single-shaft diesel engine, with a cabin and an open cockpit for passengers. The hull of the boat is made with a large deadrise and sharp-chine contours in the stern. The boat has a bow compartment - forepeak (0-3 sp.). a cabin for passengers with two sofas (4-8 pcs.), a cockpit with a hard sofa (8-12 pcs.) and an engine compartment (12-16 pcs.).


Rice. 12.8. Small traveling command boat:
1 - nasal duck; 2 - handrail; 3- bale plank; 4, 15 - lifting eyes; 5 - sound signal; 6 - top fire; 7 - distinctive fire; 8 - storm handrails; 9 - Gall chain; 10 - engine control panel; 11 - steering wheel; 12 - reverse gear handle; 13 - box for spare parts; 14 - cockpit; 16 - engine; 17 - flagpole; 18 - taillight fire; 19 - stuffing box; 20 - steering wheel; 21 - screw; 22 - bracket; 23 - propeller shaft; 24 - cardan shaft; 25 - reverse gear; 26 - roller drive; 27 - battery; 28 - oars; 29 - cabin; 30 - life jackets


The transverse hull framing system is made of AMG-5V light alloy. Spacing 450 mm. Sheathing of outer sides, bottom and transom 4 mm thick; deck, bulkheads, wheelhouse, cockpit bulwarks and floorboards 3 mm thick are made of sheets of the same alloy. windows and Entrance door cabins are made of organic glass. Impenetrable bulkheads on the 3rd, 8th (up to the lower edge of the door) and 12th frames and onboard air compartments formed by longitudinal baffles (from 5 sp. to the transom) ensure the unsinkability of the boat when any compartment is filled with water.

Fuel tanks are located in the side enclosures of the engine compartment.

The engine brand 6CHSP 9.5/11-2 is a four-stroke non-reversible diesel engine with an electric starter start and an angular reverse gear. It is provided with spare parts and tools in a box. To reduce noise during engine operation, soundproofing is used.

Shaft wire - cardan shaft, propeller shaft coming out of the hull through a stern tube with an oil seal, a bracket with a rubber bearing and a three-blade left-hand rotation propeller with a fairing.

The remote control panel for the engine is located at the forward bulkhead of the cockpit on the port side. The handle of the reverse gear, the steering wheel and the horn switch are brought here. The console is equipped with a KI-12 magnetic compass and an electrical distribution panel that supplies power to the top, distinctive and navbar navigation lights, a cabin lamp, a retractable aircraft headlight (located in the right cockpit cabinet) and a portable lamp. The sources of electricity are a 27.5 V generator mounted on the engine and two batteries.

The steering device is a semi-balanced rudder, the stock of which emerges from the bottom through a helminth pipe with an oil seal. The steering wheel is connected to the tiller by a roller drive. The axis of the steering wheel and the roller are connected by a Gall chain.

Anchor device - an anchor weighing 10 kg and a kapron cable with a circumference of 50 mm and a length of 30 m (stored under cockpit floorboards). For anchoring, a bow duck is used.

Mooring device - bow duck, two bow bale straps and two fodder ducks. When mooring, bow and stern mooring nylon cables (falini) with a circumference of 50 mm and a length of 1C m, as well as two soft fenders and two rebate hooks 1.5 m long are used.

Towing device - bow duck and stern lifting device lock. An anchor cable is used as a tug.

Hoisting device - two eyelets located in the diametrical plane, behind which the brackets of lifting slings or hooks of boat hoists (suspensions) are laid.

L eernoe device - two bow rails, stretched from the bow rack to the sides of the wheelhouse, and two storm handrails installed on the roof of the wheelhouse.

Rescue equipment - eight life jackets and a life ring with a line (stored in the right cockpit cabinet).

In case of an accident, there is a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher (hung from the control panel), a hand pump, a canvas bucket, an emergency tiller, a battery lamp (stored under the cockpit floorboards), two oars and a box for smoke signals and rockets (located under the sofa in the cabin). For visual communication there are semaphore flags and a signal light. The naval ensign is hoisted on a metal flagpole. The mechanical part is provided with the necessary tools, spare parts and supplies for electrical equipment.

Small work boat made of fiberglass (Fig. 12.9) - a seaworthy (partially decked) boat with a single-shaft diesel engine. The contours of the boat are round-cheeked, the transom is straight with an inclination. The boat has a decked bow compartment - forepeak (0-2 sp.), cargo hold (2-12 sp.), aft compartment - afterpeak (12-13 sp.) with a platform and bench. The cargo hold is partially decked in the engine installation area (7-9 sp.), has side folding cans, a removable transverse can and floorboards.


Rice. 12.9. Small work boat:
1 - awning; 2 - cover for the boat; 3 - engine; 4 - lifebuoy; 5 - sound signal; 6 - instrument panel; 7 - steering wheel; 5 - flags and a response pennant; 9 - rocket launcher; 10 - boat signal book; 11 - a bag with documents; 12 - reverse gear handle; 13 - propeller shaft; 14 - flagpole; 15 - taillight fire; 16 - portable lamp; 17 - emergency tiller; 18 - screw; 19 - steering wheel; 20 - mooring lines; 21, 54 - fenders; 22 - bench; 23, 42 - putens; 24, 40 - ducks; 25 - a box with lanterns; 26 - fuel tank; 27 - canvas bucket and watering can; 28 - oiler; 29 - funnel for oil; 30 - compass; 31 - reverse gear; 32 - fire extinguisher; 33 - battery; 34 - can for oil; 35 - rescue bibs; 36 - mat; 37 timber and board; 38 - side bank: 39 - transverse bank; 41 - a box with emergency equipment; 43 - distinctive fire; 44 - top fire; 45 - engine cover; 46 - stern bollard; 47 - awning for cargo; 48 - drainage pump; 49 - anchor; 50 - headlight; 51 - rebate hook; 52 - a box with spare parts; 53 - floorboards; 55 - anchor with cable; 56 - ladder; 57 - bow bollard; 58 - foot rail; 59 - bale plank


The hull of the boat is three-layer. The material of the outer case with a thickness of 4 mm and the inner case with a thickness of 2 mm is fiberglass based on polyester resin PN-3. Glass fiber ASTT (b) - 02-0 was used as a filler. The space between the bodies is filled with polyurethane foam. The keel, stringers for the engine foundation, beams, frames and floors are made of fiberglass filled with PVC-1 foam. The dialing system is transverse. Spacing 600 mm.

Two transverse bulkheads 4 mm thick: bow for 2 sp. and stern for 12 sp., turning into a platform, - together with a triple light hull, ensure the unsinkability of the boat when filling the cargo hold. The engine foundation is made in the form of beams made of AMG-5V light alloy. Reinforcements made of steel and light alloy are installed under the bollards, ducks, bale planks.

Mechanical installation - non-reversible marine diesel of brand 4 Ch S P 8.5/11 with electric start and reverse gear. The propeller shaft and three-blade right-hand rotation propeller make 700 rpm at 1500 rpm of the crankshaft. Two fuel tanks, water cooling pipes and fuel system are made of light alloy.

The boat's control is equipped with a panel with engine control instruments and a KI-12 magnetic compass. A steering wheel with a steering machine turning the tiller of the semi-balanced steering wheel through the steering cable wiring, a reverse gear handle and a sound signal contactor are brought here. The distribution electrical panel (8-9 pcs.) supplies power to the top, on-board distinctive, nav-side running lights, headlight, portable lamp and lamp of the panel with engine control instruments. The sources of electricity are a 6 V generator attached to the engine and a battery.

U t r o y with t in a. Mooring and towing - bow cross bollard, two stern bollards, four ducks, two bale planks; lifting - four putens; leernoe - two foot rails; awning - two arcs and an awning.

S u p p r i c e of the boat Anchor weighing 10 kg with a hemp cable with a circumference of 75 mm and a length of 30 m, an emergency tiller, two hemp mooring lines with a circumference of 75 mm and a length of 20 m - bow and 10 m - stern, four soft fenders, two rebate hooks 2.5 m long, gangway , three stuffed mats. A box with emergency equipment (wooden plaster with soft sides, metal plaster with P6-1 clamping bolts, oak wedges, pine plugs, sheet rubber, tow, carpentry ax, hacksaw, asbestos mittens, nails). Pine timber and plank, two OMP and OU-3 fire extinguishers, a hand drain pump, a canvas bucket and a watering can, a box with an accumulator and tricolor lanterns. Rescue bibs, life buoy, anchor. Rocket pistol with rockets in a holster, semaphore flags and a reciprocal pennant with a stock in a canvas case. Boat signal book in a case, a bag for documents, a stern flag on a flagpole. Oil can, oil funnel, oiler. Cover for the engine, awning for cargo, cover for the boat, box for tools and spare parts for the engine.

Mil.Press FlotProm journalists interviewed ship commanders and captains of ships of the Russian fleet and found out what the sailors' main requirements are for small boats: command, crew, rescue and diving boats, as well as boats for special operations. The experts announced the necessary parameters of seaworthiness, speed, passenger capacity and carrying capacity, engine and propulsion characteristics and the preferred hull material.

What sailors want from command, crew and work boats

Retired Vice Admiral, first commander of the TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" Viktor Yarygin told a Mil.Press FlotProm correspondent that in Soviet years there were clear requirements on how many and what kind of boats should be placed on a particular ship.


According to Yarygin, big ship I rank had several standard naval boats for transporting personnel and boats - for example, command boats. Their number was determined depending on the displacement and purpose of the unit of the Navy, the number of crew, etc. “There are a lot of sailors, there are a different number of people on a cruiser or destroyer, hence the different number of watercraft of various projects, different requirements were developed for them,” said the vice admiral. everything was determined."

“All this was clearly spelled out and defined, even spelled out in the ship’s form,” the admiral noted. “After the collapse of the USSR, we lost industrial production in the field of small fleet and even General requirements it's hard to work on them. Now we need to fix it and restore it."
He named seaworthiness (3-4 points), speed (20-25 knots) and modern materials hulls with the basic requirements for boats, boats and longboats - regardless of tasks, as well as their saturation with modern equipment.

Yarygin believes that the engine of a boat or longboat should be as "survivable" as possible and have a maintainability margin. The launches of large ships should be equipped with two backup engines, plus they should have two means of launch - air launch and battery. "We used the first option more often, because batteries, especially in the North, often failed," he said.

The ship's hull, according to the admiral, should be modern, preferably composite, but only if it is resistant to different conditions and temperatures, and also strong enough. Viktor Yarygin gave an example of a broken new longboat of the Project 68-bis Murmansk cruiser: "At one time, instead of wooden longboats, we were supplied with composite ones, one of them failed and, unlike the wooden one, was not subject to repair."

The vice-admiral urged to pay special attention to lifting operations: "There were always bottlenecks when lifting and lowering (vessels). On the old ships of the USSR Navy, including cruisers of the Sverdlov type, there were very slow lifting booms. Gradually, starting from the cruiser" Kyiv", this was improved, the arrows began to work faster. And on the new destroyers of project 956, deck equipment has become more perfect." Yarygin noted that the hoisting device (SPU) should operate in several lifting modes, for example, normal, accelerated and emergency.

“Everything needs to be worked out here, it depends on the weather and the state of the sea. If the sea is unpredictable and you slowly raise the boat, you can ruin both people and equipment,” Yarygin said in an interview with a Mil.Press FlotProm correspondent. “Usually they don’t raise a boat with people. This is done by his team, and the passengers go up the ladder to the ship. In addition, hoisting operations are not carried out in heavy seas. But here a lot depends on the level of training of the crew."


Retired Rear Admiral, ex-commander of the TFR "Bezzavetny" and RCC "Moscow" Vladimir Bogdashin told the publication that the launches on the project 1135 patrol boats met all the necessary requirements: "The famous, excellent launch. They were regularly on the starboard side of the ship, had sufficient seaworthiness and were satisfied with them in the fleet."

But Bogdashin criticized the commander's crew boat of project 1390 "Strizh": poor seaworthiness, cramped conditions, inability to walk in a big wave, as well as difficulties in lifting and lifting operations and a capricious engine. “Such boats were massively installed on ships of the Navy, for example, on the Nikolaev BOD of project 1134B, where I was an assistant commander,” Bogdashin said in an interview with a Mil.Press FlotProm journalist. . Its lifting was carried out only on the move, a particular difficulty was not to break the lines on the beam. "

The rear admiral noted the advantage of a diesel engine installed on a longboat over the Swift engine. The latter was distinguished by the complexity of the design, problems constantly arose with it. Often the car just won't start. At the same time, for the sake of economy, the engine, also diesel, was made simpler on the longboat, which provided better results in sea conditions. The admiral emphasized that modern boats need to be equipped with reliable engines, possibly outboard and, most likely, foreign ones. “Small-sized, very compact Strizh, at the same time, was distinguished by a small amount of interior space,” added Vladimir Bogdashin. and the captain's cabin was small.

The main claim of the sailors to the "Swift" is limited seaworthiness, which caused difficulties even with a three-point storm. Another problem is the hoisting operations, in which the boat of the 1390 project often pulled out the hook. The launch in this sense is more convenient due to the simplicity of the design.

The key requirements for modern boats for ships of the SKR / corvette or BOD / frigate type, according to Bogdashin, are seaworthiness up to 4-5 points, speed from 20 to 30 knots, composite hull materials, necessarily reinforced, and sufficient passenger capacity.
“Speed ​​boats today perform many functions. Among them are transportation, landing of an airborne platoon, raid, traveling functions, etc. It is imperative to comply with naval requirements for the high-speed launch of watercraft,” he stressed. “The material of the hull is, of course, plastic, modern composites. "Such boats are faster, more powerful and stronger. It is possible that the shipyards that produce them are doing some work on the boats. We are talking, for example, about the More plant in Feodosia, where the composite shop worked."


Retired Rear Admiral, ex-commander of TAKR "Minsk" Viktor Gokinaev remembered the boat of project 1404 "Sokolenok", which, according to him, satisfied the sailors. “A rather seaworthy and high-speed vessel, on the whole, excellent,” the officer told a Mil.Press FlotProm correspondent. “Before that, there was a cruiser boat for ships of the 68 bis project, also good, the speed is lower than that of the Sokolenok, but also nothing. And seaworthiness indicators were also enough (this is a boat of project 371 bis - ed.)".

According to Gokinaev, there were two longboats on the Minsk - seaworthy and spacious, with acceptable speed indicators, but most importantly - simple and maintainable. In addition, two commander's fiberglass Sokolenka were based on the ship.

For Gokinaev, the main requirements for small fleet boats are seaworthiness (3-4 points) and speed (at least 20 knots in cruising mode). The third indicator is the convenience of lifting operations, including during waves. So, during the operation of the Project 1404 boats, Rear Admiral did not recall cases of the boat slipping or serious blows to the side of the ship or a crane. At the same time, he added, the coherence of the crew and the experience of the sailors are important here. The fourth important point is the capacity of the vessel and its ergonomics.
The boat also needs a sufficient cruising range, at least within 150-200 miles. However, there is no need to go far, Viktor Gokinaev added. If necessary, he believes, the ship can quickly deliver to the shore not only the command staff or members of the ship's crew, but also a small group of marines - up to 10-15 people. At the same time, 8-12 marines with light small arms can be comfortably accommodated on the same Sokolenka, and a 20-mm machine gun can be installed on the bow of the boat to support the fighters.

“For their time, the Sokolyata fully corresponded to similar vessels of a potential enemy, and in some ways they surpassed them,” Gokinaev emphasized. “Stopping their production was a big mistake.” In total, fifty such boats were built. They were produced by the pilot production of the Redan Central Design Bureau. "Falcons" - regular command boats of aircraft-carrying cruisers of the 1143 family and missile cruisers project 1144.


Captain 1st rank, retired, the last commander of the TAVKR "Admiral Gorshkov" Igor Ryabko told the Mil.Press FlotProm journalist that the Indian side chose foreign boats for the modernized ship. Thus, command and crew boats of the Indian Navy were ordered in Croatia. These vessels, roughly the size of the Gorshkov boats, were equipped with the latest technology: they put modern systems electronic navigation, radar, thrusters, drainage mechanisms, etc. An industry source familiar with the situation told the publication that the cost of one command boat for Vikramaditya was about a million US dollars.

For each such boat, according to Ryabko, two water cannons were installed, thanks to which they developed a speed of up to 40 knots. In addition, two Scandinavian-designed RIB boats, similar to the Russian BL-680s, were installed on the ship. Basically, these boats, also quite fast, are used for special operations - for example, countering underwater saboteurs - or for the rapid delivery of mail.


The ship also received two longboats Russian production. The latter were created on the basis of a similar project for the USSR Navy, equipped with the most modern equipment. “The appearance is similar, but the content is different,” added the captain of the 1st rank. “The Volvo engine allows you to develop a cruising speed of 8 knots and a maximum of up to 12, the longboat has a good carrying capacity of up to 4 tons, it is also equipped with thrusters and sump pumps in each compartment . All this is launched from the boat commander's cabin." Similar vessels were used on many ships of the Navy. They are also equipped with stainless handrails, ladders for descending divers.

According to Captain 1st Rank Igor Ryabko, the key requirement for sailors is the ease of launching and lifting the ship aboard the ship. This correlates with the characteristics of the SPU, their perfection. The next most important characteristic is seaworthiness (3-4 points), then modern on-board navigation and radar equipment. In addition, the cruising range of the order of 300 miles, the ability to cool the engine with sea water (rather than fresh water or special antifreeze), as well as the maintainability of the power plant, are important. As for the case material, it is exclusively composites. Ryabko is skeptical about the prospects of steel and aluminum watercraft for these tasks, since modern composites are lighter, stronger and quite resistant to the marine environment.

Requests from Marines, Divers, and Mine Action Specialists

Retired Major General, ex-chief of the Coastal Forces and Marine Corps of the Russian Navy Vladimir Romanenko drew attention in a conversation with a journalist of the publication to the landing and landing functions of the boats.

He called hovercraft the best means of prompt delivery of marines. The latter can be based on the BDK or the amphibious assault ship, as well as on other large ships. “Ships of rank II have small high-speed watercraft with high maneuverability and speed, most often RIBs or composite boats,” Romanenko noted. “The better these characteristics, the better. A high-speed target makes it difficult to use weapons on it.”

In the opinion of the major general, the ships of the small fleet that are in service periodically "flash" at parades, but this is far from all that the Navy has in stock. So, the commander said, now small ships - RTOs and corvettes - are being equipped with assault boats. “I can’t evaluate specific solutions, but practice has shown that these vehicles have a very low speed compared to hovercraft. Even 20 knots is not enough here, so the losses will be greater compared to hovercraft.” According to him, hovercraft remain ideal for landing operations as the fastest ones. At the same time, they can be placed on board the ship.

“To expand the topic, steel or aluminum boats will never develop the appropriate speed. There are modern composite materials - they are already used for armored vehicles,” Romanenko told the publication correspondent. inflatable boat, small, fast and with a powerful engine. This niche has always been needed in any battle, and it is still not really closed. We need to seriously modernize the existing developments."


Vladimir Romanenko complained that Russian developments in the field of RIB boats for the Navy today are significantly behind Western ones, and the domestic fleet as a whole is now in a deep crisis, long-term planning of the fleet is seriously out of touch with reality. “The small fleet needs to be discussed, it needs to be talked about, the specialized design bureaus should be revived, and a unified state policy in this area should be formed for years to come,” the major general emphasized.

“I am constantly monitoring this situation and, as far as I know, no one has seriously and systematically dealt with the small fleet so far. The personnel component in the leadership of the Navy, Marine Corps, and so on is very important here,” he summed up.

Naval source familiar with the situation on the head minesweeper of the project 12700 type "Alexander Obukhov" told a Mil.Press FlotProm correspondent that unmanned boats (BCS) are no longer new, but still sore spot for the Russian Navy. The French Inspector MkII BECs ordered from the ECA Group cannot be based on a minesweeper due to their size. This seriously limits their operational capabilities.

“The problem here is initially at the level of the terms of reference,” the source noted. “Due to a number of unresolved problems with this vessel, the ship’s crew ended up with a boat that cannot be effectively controlled, which already affects the functionality of the entire anti-mine complex.” The officer emphasized that the creation of the BEC should be created in close cooperation with the design organization of the ship itself in order to avoid the mistakes that had already been made during the commissioning of the Inspector.


Therefore, the requirements here are adequate and long-term planning, taking into account possible sanctions, with an emphasis on import substitution and without interruption from naval tasks, he concluded.

Captain II rank, ex-skipper of the pilot vessel "Kamchatka" Roman Senin made a comparison of the boat "Strizh" and the naval longboat in favor of the latter: seaworthiness, especially in open water, becomes the determining parameter. The Strizh, he added, behaves very badly in waves, but on calm water it generally copes with its functions as a commander's crew boat - despite the outdated design.

According to Senin, the boats did not perform any other functions on Kamchatka, and now their tasks are completely covered by high-speed boats BL-680. He stressed that enough efficient system launching and recovering boats, including two large cargo booms and one small onboard boom. All three boats of "Kamchatka" - two boats and a boat - were lowered without problems.

Chairman of the Association for the Development of Search and Rescue Equipment and Technologies, Doctor technical sciences, Professor Viktor Ilyukhin told the publication that, for example, diving boats are used in various ministries and departments: in the navy, in the FSB Border Service, in the marine rescue service of the Ministry of Transport, in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, even in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as in oil companies. And each department has its own requirements for specific tasks. This, for example, is based on a ship, inspection of pipes, potentially dangerous objects, the presence of an underwater vehicle, etc.

“The customer determines all the requirements for such a vessel, whether it be a diving boat or any other,” he said. “But the problem we have is the lack of a unified technical policy. Our search and rescue and emergency rescue vessels are a variety of projects. There are multifunctional, diving, workers, raiding ... Even in terminology, a complete mess. The same Krylov center can develop certain requirements for the unification of these projects. The variety of projects and the lack of unification increases the cost. Whatever design bureau has its own project. And this affects the difficulties with the supply of spare parts, in including foreign ones, and spending on it. Not even the richest country can cope with this, especially if we remember the localization of production."
According to Ilyukhin, the Institute for Life Support Problems at the Academy of the Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations at one time formulated requirements for boats. The fleet also has certain requirements for boats in terms of range, seaworthiness, hull materials, but only in general view and not specific to a specific project.

But still no unified requirements to boats in relation to unification and a unified technical policy. Including there are no requirements in the field of search and rescue boats. For example, there are about ten modular-type diving barocomplexes alone. Why? There is not a single complex that could dock with a pressure chamber.

Ex-captain of the hydrographic vessel "Dmitry Ovtsyn" told the publication that this project has unlimited seaworthiness. On the ships of this series there were lifeboats, and a little lower - a fiberglass work boat. " diesel engine, located behind, the screw - it met all the requirements at the time of the construction of the vessel. If it is equipped with sounding equipment, it is essentially a small hydrograph,” the captain said. - The seaworthiness of the ship's boats is standard - 2-3 points. However, measurements on the boat are carried out with a slight wave, up to 3 points. At a wave height of 1-2 meters, the measurement accuracy decreases, and measurements are not made. However, it is also suitable for other tasks.

Small fleet diesel engines are usually hard to start manually, so you need a good starter and maximum engine reliability and maintainability, as well as enough reliable system cooling, especially for ships with an unlimited navigation area.

Thus, the main requirements for a small fleet are seaworthiness (3-5 points), speed from 20 to 30 knots, range of 200-300 miles, composite hull, modern navigation and radar equipment, reliable and maintainable engine, ease of launching, passenger capacity , but the main thing is the unification and the existence of uniform requirements for a small fleet as a whole. According to experts interviewed by the publication, without a systematic approach and linking the project of a particular boat to its future tasks, even the most advanced technology may not be able to achieve its goals.

Dmitry Zhavoronkov

At the beginning of 1961, the smooth progress of work on small command boats was disrupted by a letter from TsKB-17. In this letter, with reference to the Navy and the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on shipbuilding, TsKB-5 was tasked with developing a small plastic command boat on ... hydrofoils for order 1123.

By 1961, the use of hydrofoils on boats had become widespread both abroad and in domestic shipbuilding, but this did not affect ship boats due to complications during mooring and lifting onto the ship. The only solution in this case, there could be a wing device, which, like the landing gear of an aircraft, could be extended and retracted into the hull of the boat right on the go.

The problem, as always, was the engine. A preliminary calculation determined the mass of the engine, together with fuel, not more than 450 kg, while its power should have been about 150 hp. Only three domestic engines met the conditions: the TVD-350 gas turbine (150 kg, 230 hp), the AI-14 aircraft (270 kg, 200 hp) and the engine of the Chaika car (316 kg, 150 hp). With.). Of these, only the TVD-350 was lighter, ran on heavy fuel, and was more compact than the other two gasoline-powered ones. In addition to these advantages, this engine had a gearbox.

Project 1389 boat

Total displacement, t - 3.20, maximum length, m - 7.79, maximum beam, m - 2.40, depth, m - 1.09, average draft, m - 0.49, lifting weight, t - 2.75, crew. people - 2, number of passengers, pers. - 6, speed, knots - 37, cruising range, miles - 110, engine type - kerosene TVD-350, engine power, h.p. - 230, body material - fiberglass

Excellence in key parameters combined with new architecture gave this boat undoubted advantages over the command boats in service with the fleet. This project received the number 1389. It turned out to be very progressive for its time, and that's the only reason it was not approved. In terms of its design solutions, the boat was ahead of its time - technologies could not ensure the reliability and safety of the mechanisms used, including a propeller shaft with two cardans and a sliding clutch, a wing lifting mechanism and an adjustable-pitch propeller. In addition, the TVD-350 consumed almost twice as much fuel as a conventional diesel and was very noisy.

Although project 1389 was not implemented, it was of great importance for the further completion of work on small command boats. The efforts of the designers were not in vain. Using the support of a high-ranking naval commander, N.A. Makarov began to develop an initiative version of a small command boat

Project 339B was adopted as the basis for the new boat, and the initiative project received the number 1390 Swift. The main design solutions were worked out on the previous small command boats, and there was no reason to abandon the elements that had been tested during operation. The hull remained practically unchanged, the engine - 6CHSP 9.5/11, since there was no other engine anyway. The layout was taken from the studies of the Z78p project.

The option with the aft location of the main engine was chosen as having a number of good points- the bow of the boat was freed from noisy and bulky mechanisms, and the saloon was very successfully located in this space. Behind the salon there was a cockpit with a navigator's post - a room isolating from the engine compartment, which significantly reduced the noise in the cabin. Due to the lack of a superstructure above the engine compartment, access to the engine was significantly improved. The stern centering improved the running and seaworthiness of the boat. At the same time, the location of the engine in the stern required the manufacture of an angular gearbox and an intermediate shaft.

Project 1390 boat

Full displacement, t - 3.20, dlength, m - 7.81, wIrina is the largest, m - 2.40, inBoard height, m ​​- 1.32, aboutaverage cage, m - 0.61, e crew, pers. 1, h number of passengers, pers. - 6, mwalnut content, points - up to 4, s speed, knots - 13, d cruising range, miles - 100, tengine type - 6ChSP9.5/11,engine power, h.p. - 55 at 1500 rpm, mhousing material - light alloy


The choice of superstructure type was decided in favor of the "limousine", and the boat received appearance in the spirit cars of that time - with swift forms and a large glass area - it met the requirements for the architecture of a new type of command boats.

By the end of September 1962, the boat was ready for state trials. On a trailer, he was sent to Feodosia and in October passed state tests, where he showed himself with better side. The speed instead of 12.5 knots reached 14.2, the cruising range was 95 miles instead of 75. During sea trials, the boat did not burrow or flood in a four-point wave, the impacts on a collision course were soft, the pitching was smooth and quickly fading. and the installation of the engine on shock absorbers and excellent anti-noise insulation of the engine compartment significantly reduced noise and improved habitability.

The state test program included joint comparative tests of small command boats of projects 339B and 1390 in order to determine the best option for series production. In terms of dimensions, they practically did not differ from each other, and in terms of mass, the 1390 project was 200 kg heavier. In terms of speed, the boat of project 1390 surpassed its competitor by 1 knot, and in terms of cruising range it lost 20 miles to it due to a smaller supply of fuel. In terms of architecture, the 339B project was significantly inferior to its rival, and in terms of seaworthiness they were equal.

The results of comparative tests were unanimous in favor of the 1390 project and, in order to note any shortcomings, it was added to the test report that the use of a reverse gear instead of a reverse clutch "creates some noise when turning on and running the engine." In March 1963, by a joint decision of the Navy and industry, it was ordered to begin the serial construction of boats, pr. 1390 instead of 339B. The Feodosia Shipbuilding Plant was supposed to build according to the documentation revised by TsKB-5, taking into account the comments received from the test results.

In 1971, by order of the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry, the production of boats pr. 1390 was transferred to the Batumi shipbuilding plant. Moreover, in 1972, by order of the minister, all documentation, including the original design documents, were also transferred to the Batumi plant, which from that moment became the full owner of the project (in professional language, the holder), and the TsKB-5 branch lost all copyrights. Since 1974, the Batumi Shipbuilding Plant began to provide the Navy with small command boats and, as the sole copyright holder, began to develop its modifications for the needs of the national economy, individual customers and for export.

Before last days In the USSR, for almost 20 years, the plant produced these boats, which were in great demand by the consumer. The designer several times tried to develop a more modern boat, but a promising design reserve did not allow the Swift to be declared morally obsolete in the seventies and removed from production.

 

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