Tark Admiral Kuznetsov. Tacre "Admiral Kuznetsov": service history. Interesting facts and specifications

Its architecture acquired a more "aircraft-carrier" look: a solid flight deck (75 m wide) with a springboard, arrester and emergency barrier, two airborne aircraft lifts. "Island" remained almost the same. Surface structural protection was improved, autonomy was increased, and underwater hull protection was installed.

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"Admiral Kuznetsov" - heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 1143.5

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" - heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 1143.5

In the spring of 1982, the first "real" aircraft carrier was laid down in Nikolaev. Project 1143.5 aircraft carrier was laid down under the name "Riga"; November 26, 1982 renamed "Leonid Brezhnev"; sea trials in 1987, he passed under the name "Tbilisi"; entered service as "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov". Although he retained the project number of the first aircraft carrier, Kuznetsov has little in common with him, with the exception of the power plant. Its architecture acquired a more "aircraft-carrier" look: a solid flight deck (75 m wide) with a springboard, arrester and emergency barrier, two airborne aircraft lifts. "Island" remained almost the same. Surface structural protection was improved, autonomy was increased, and underwater hull protection was installed.

The PTZ system has a depth of 4.5 m and consists of three chambers: expansion, absorption (filled with fuel), and filtration. Between the last two there is a protective bulkhead of variable height thickness, made of high-strength ductile steel Ak-25. Steam TZA are similar to those installed on "Baku".
According to the project, the air group was supposed to consist of 24 carrier-based aircraft and 42 helicopters, but the regular number of vehicles was not reached due to lack of funds. Aircraft landing control was provided by the Luna optical system. In the bow of the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" there are 12 under-deck launchers for strike cruise missiles P-700 "Granite". Four six-rocket modules of the Kinzhal air defense system are placed in the bow and stern on the side sponsons.

The defense of the ship is provided by 8 Kortik anti-aircraft artillery systems, 6-30-mm AK-630M gun mounts, 2 launchers of the Udav anti-torpedo defense system. In parallel with the construction of the ship, deck-based aircraft for it and aviation technical equipment were being worked out. In the Crimea, at the Novo-Fedorovka airfield, a landfill was built with a steel airfield in the form of a ship deck, called "Thread". In the summer of 1982, the first Su-27 and MiG-29 takeoffs were made from a ground springboard with an angle of 8.5 degrees. A year later, the development of the Svetlana-2 arrester began. On September 1, 1984, the first landing of the Su-27 took place with the help of an arrester.
In 1985, conventional planes began to take off from a steeper springboard (angle of 14 degrees), adopted for TAKR. On September 1, 1989, test pilot Viktor Pugachev made the first landing on the deck of the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov. On the same day, test pilot Takhtar Aubakirov took off from the ship in a MiG-29 aircraft. Before the completion of state tests of the ship, more than 300 flights were performed from it. However, combatant pilots began to master the Kuznetsov deck much later.

01/20/1991 "Kuznetsov" became part of the Northern Fleet. The declining economy of the state significantly complicated and delayed the development of the ship, the completion of its air group with serial Su-27K fighters and the training of flight crews. Only in 1993 on Northern Fleet the planes destined for the aircraft carrier arrived, and only the next year it was possible to train ten combatant ship pilots.
At the end of August 1995, they made their first landings on the TAKR, and in September the Kuznetsov took part in the fleet exercises, during which the practical development of its aircraft weapons began.
As for the problem of basing, it has remained unresolved. True, a floating berth was built for Kuznetsov in Ura-guba, but they could not build a coastal power plant and a boiler house. The ship, in order to ensure its life, has to constantly “drive” the two main boilers.

Even during the operation of "Kiev" in the North, it turned out one interesting feature. The aircraft carrier has a huge upper deck, which is actively cooled in cold weather (eight months a year). Since the heating system in the harsh conditions of the Arctic does not cope with its duties, there is continuing education condensate, causing corrosion of decks, bulkheads, cable routes, failure of instruments. In addition to premature aging of ships, low temperatures and high humidity significantly worsen the living conditions of the crew. So, on the Kuznetsov in the cockpits located at the ends of the ship, the temperature in winter does not rise above 10-12 degrees.

Tactical specifications aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov"
Displacement 55000 (70500) tons
Dimensions 304.5 x 38 x 10.5 m

Power of the four-shaft power plant 200,000 hp: 4 PT
Speed 32 knots

Cruising range 8000 miles at 18 knots

Armament: 12 Granit anti-ship missile launchers, 4 Kinzhal air defense systems, 8 Kortik missile defense systems, 6-30 mm AK-630M assault rifles, 2 RBU-12000
Air group (March 1996) 15 Su-27K fighters, 1 Su-25UTG, 11 Ka-27 helicopters, 1 Ka-31 helicopter

TASS that the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the United Shipbuilding Corporation signed a contract for the repair of the aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov.

As Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Yuri Borisov previously reported, the repair of the ship is expected to be completed in 2020, and its return to service is scheduled for 2021. Repair work will be held at the 35th shipyard in Murmansk (a branch of the Zvyozdochka Ship Repair Center).

The TASS-DOSIER editors have prepared a certificate about the aircraft carrier.

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" is a heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser (TAKR). As of 2018, it is the largest ship and the only aircraft carrier of the Russian Navy. It is part of the Northern Fleet, the flagship of the Navy. On February 23, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin awarded the TAKR with the Order of Ushakov (for services in strengthening the country's defense capability, high performance combat training, courage and heroism shown by personnel during the performance of combat missions).

Project history

In the post-war period, the leadership of the USSR, the Ministry of Defense and the Navy did not have a unified view on the need for aircraft carriers and possible ways their applications. Some politicians, industrialists and military leaders (including Defense Minister Marshal Andrei Grechko and Minister of the Shipbuilding Industry Boris Butoma) advocated the construction of large nuclear aircraft carriers similar to the American Nimitz type.

Opponents (among them - Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Sergei Gorshkov and Dmitry Ustinov, who replaced Grechko as Minister of Defense in 1976) pointed to the high cost of the program for building aircraft carriers, the lack of a clear concept for their use and focused on the development submarine fleet, primarily nuclear submarines. As a result, until the 1980s, the USSR Navy did not have aircraft carriers designed for aircraft with horizontal takeoff and landing.

For anti-submarine warfare, which was declared a priority for the surface forces of the USSR Navy, anti-submarine cruisers of projects 1123 and 1143 were built, on which helicopters and aircraft were based. vertical takeoff-landing Yak-38. In terms of combat capabilities, these machines were inferior to conventional aircraft, which forced the leadership of the Navy in the early 1970s to return to plans to create a large aircraft carrier capable of providing aviation combat operations at a considerable distance from the fleet bases.

It was proposed to build nuclear aircraft carrier with a displacement of up to 80 thousand tons, with an aircraft fleet of up to 70 aircraft(project 1160 "Eagle"). In the future, the project was subjected to numerous changes, in the late 1970s, work on it was discontinued. Instead, it was decided to build an aircraft carrier, based on the Project 1143 aircraft-carrying cruiser and equipping it with equipment for takeoff and landing of "conventional" aircraft. Also, the developers refused to use a nuclear power plant.

Project 11435 was developed in the early 1980s at the Nevsky Design Bureau (Leningrad, now St. Petersburg) under the leadership of chief designer Vasily Anikiev. During the design process, specialists refused to install catapults on the ship - instead, the aircraft carrier is equipped with a bow springboard, which limits the take-off weight of aircraft.

In addition, powerful strike weapons were installed on the aircraft carrier - P-700 Granit missiles. As a result, project 11435 was classified by the Navy as a "heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser" (TAKR; according to another version, this was done to circumvent the provisions of the Montreux Convention on the status of the Black Sea straits, which prohibited the passage of aircraft carriers through them).

Initially, it was supposed to name the lead ship "Soviet Union" (in the 1930s, the same name was supposed to be given to the first Soviet-built battleship, not completed due to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War). In 1982, the aircraft carrier was named "Riga" (traditionally, Soviet aircraft carriers were named after the capitals of the Union republics). At the end of 1982, it was renamed "Leonid Brezhnev" (after the death of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union). In 1987, at the beginning of perestroika and the condemnation of the "era of stagnation", TAKR changed its name to "Tbilisi". Since October 1990 - "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" - in honor of Nikolai Kuznetsov, who headed the USSR Navy in 1939-1947 and 1951-1955.

Construction, testing

The ship was laid down at the Black Sea Shipyard (Nikolaev, now in Ukraine) on September 1, 1982 under serial number 105. On February 22, 1983, it was relaid (as Leonid Brezhnev), launched on December 4, 1985. June 8, 1989 began mooring trials. On October 21, 1989, the ship was launched into the Black Sea, where it conducted a cycle of aircraft design flight tests. A special Training Center NITKA ("Aviation Ground Test Training Complex", now the Nitka Landing and Landing Systems Range).

The first horizontal landing on a ship in the history of the Soviet Navy was made on November 1, 1989 by test pilot Hero of the Soviet Union Viktor Pugachev on a Su-27K aircraft. On December 25, 1990, an acceptance act was signed, and on January 20, 1991, the ship became part of the Northern Fleet of the USSR Navy. However, he remained on the Black Sea, continuing the tests. The transition to Severomorsk was completed only at the end of 1991.

Service History

The operation of the ship was hampered by the lack of funding and the necessary coastal infrastructure. In particular, many problems arose with the main power plant, the boilers of which constantly failed.

As of April 2018, the aircraft carrier made seven long-range cruises, six of them in the Mediterranean Sea (1995-1996, 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, from October 15, 2016 to February 8, 2017 ) and one to the North Atlantic (2004). In 2000, "Admiral Kuznetsov" was involved in rescue operations to assist the sunken submarine K-141 "Kursk".

Being on the seventh long-range cruise, in November 2016 - January 2017, the cruiser took part in hostilities for the first time - the ship's carrier-based fighters attacked the infrastructure of the Islamic State and Jabhat al-Nusra terrorist organizations (banned in the Russian Federation) on territory of Syria. Total during the campaign by pilots carrier-based aviation 420 sorties were carried out, including 117 night sorties, 1,252 terrorist targets were hit.

The ship underwent repairs in 2001-2004, 2008, 2015.

Tactical and technical characteristics

Waterline length - 270 m;
maximum length (deck) - 306 m;
waterline width - 33.4 m;
maximum width - 72 m;
height - 64.5 m;
standard displacement - 46 thousand 540 tons;
total displacement - 59 thousand 100 tons;
full speed - 29 knots;
cruising range at a speed of 29 knots - 3 thousand 850 miles, at a speed of 14 knots - 8 thousand 417 miles;
autonomy of navigation - up to 45 days;
crew - 1 thousand 960 people, including 518 officers and 210 midshipmen.

The main power plant is a boiler turbine, it includes four steam turbines with a capacity of 50 thousand horsepower each. The ship is equipped with nine turbogenerators and six diesel generators with a capacity of 1,500 kW each.

Armament

12 launchers of the P-700 "Granit" anti-ship missile system (range of supersonic missiles - about 550-600 km);
24 launchers of the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system (ammunition - 192 missiles);
eight modules of the Kortik anti-aircraft missile and artillery system (ammunition - 256 missiles, 48 thousand shells);
six six-barreled AK-630 artillery mounts of 30 mm caliber (48,000 rounds).
anti-torpedo defense missile system "Udav-1".

Air group

TAKR can carry 26 aircraft and 24 helicopters on the flight deck and in the hangar below deck. The cruiser's air group initially consisted of carrier-based fighters Su-33 (Su-27K), Su-25UTG carrier-based attack aircraft, Ka-252RLD (Ka-31), Ka-27 / 27PS and Ka-29 helicopters, since the late 1990s included Su-33 fighters of the 279th ship fighter aviation regiment (based airfield - Severomorsk-3, Murmansk region), Ka-27 and Ka-29 helicopters of the 830th separate naval anti-submarine regiment (base - Severomorsk-1).

In the summer of 2016, the ship began testing an updated air group, which includes new carrier-based MiG-29K/KUB fighters. In 2016-2017, the Admiral Kuznetsov, during its trip to the coast of Syria, tested the Ka-52K Katran ship-based attack helicopter.

ship commanders

1987-1992 - captain of the 1st rank Viktor Yarygin;
1992-1995 - Rear Admiral Ivan Sanko;
1995-2000 - Rear Admiral Alexander Chelpanov;
2000-2003 - captain of the 1st rank Alexander Turilin;
2003-2008 - captain of the 1st rank Alexander Shevchenko;
2008-2011 - captain of the 1st rank Vyacheslav Rodionov;
2011 to present - Captain 1st Rank Sergey Artamonov.

"Varangian"

According to a slightly modified project 11436 in 1985-1992, the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Varyag" was built in Nikolaev. In 1993 it was owned by Ukraine, in 1998 it was sold to China. In 2012, it was adopted by the Navy of the People's Liberation Army of China. Received the name "Liaoning". Currently, it is the only active Chinese aircraft carrier (the second one is being prepared for testing).

Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser, project 11435, known in the west as "Kuznetsov" class, "Eagle" class or as type 11435, was built at the Black Sea shipyard in Nikolaev. The project was developed on the basis of the previous TAKR "Admiral Gorshkov" (formerly "Baku"), project 11434, which was laid down in 1982, but surpasses it in displacement (58,500 tons compared to 40,000 tons) and has a slightly lower speed (30 knots on compared with 32 for "Admiral Gorshkov".

The aircraft carrier Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov (project 1143.5) was laid down in 1985, and the second ship of the same type, Varyag, in 1988, but its construction was not completed.

Project 1143.5 can provide support to submarines carrying ballistic missiles, surface ships and naval missile-carrying aircraft of the Russian fleet. The ship can hit surface, underwater and air targets.

Aviation armament:

The flight deck area is 14,700 square meters and the flight deck is equipped with a 12 degree runway. The flight deck is equipped with aerophones. Two lifts deliver aircraft from the hangar to the flight deck.

The ship has capacity and maintenance capabilities for 16 Yak-41M aircraft (known under the NATO code name "Freestyle") and 12 Su-27K (Su-33) aircraft (NATO code name "Flanker") included in the air connection of aircraft and a connection of helicopters including 4 Ka-27LD (NATO code name Helix), 18 Ka-27PLO and 2 Ka-27S.

Missile weapons

The ship is equipped with Granite anti-ship missiles (surface-to-surface), equipped with 12 launchers. In the west, the Granit missiles are codenamed "Shipwreck" and have a range of over 400 kilometers.

Anti-air missile and artillery weapons include Klinok anti-air missiles with 24 vertical launchers and 192 missiles. This system protects the ship from anti-ship missiles, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles and surface ships. The control is carried out using a multi-channel electronically controlled phased array radar. The system includes a control system, an under-deck launcher with four drum-type launchers, each with 8 missiles, and surface-to-air missiles in a containerized launcher. The system can reach a launch rate of 1 rocket every 3 seconds. Four targets can be attacked simultaneously in a 60 x 60 degree arc. The range of destruction is 12-15 kilometers.

The Kashtan anti-aircraft system, manufactured by the Tula Machine-Building Plant, has 4 command and 8 combat modules with 256 anti-aircraft missiles. The system provides protection against "precision" weapons, including anti-ship and anti-radar missiles, aircraft, helicopters and small sea targets. The range of missiles is 1.5 - 8 kilometers. The guns can fire at a rate of up to 1000 rounds per minute at a range of 0.5 - 1.5 kilometers. Anti-aircraft guns - AK630 AD.

Anti-submarine weapons

The ship is equipped with the Udav-1 anti-submarine defense system with 60 anti-submarine missiles. Udav-1, supplied by the Splav Research and Production Association, protects surface ships by distracting and destroying enemy torpedoes. The system also provides protection against submarines, midget submarines, and sabotage assets such as underwater motorcycles. The system has 10 sections and is capable of firing 111SG deep-seated rockets, laying minefields (111SZ) and using distracting projectiles (111SO). The range is up to 3000 meters horizontally and up to 600 meters in depth.

Acoustic and radar equipment

The ship's radars include a radar for detecting air and sea targets, a radar for detecting low-flying targets (detect low-flying aircraft and missiles), a flight control radar, a navigation radar and four fire control radars for the Kashtan air defense system.

The ship's sonar equipment includes a weapon detection and control sonar located in the ship's hull, operating at medium and low frequencies, capable of detecting torpedoes and submarines. The anti-submarine aviation of the ship is equipped with surface target search radar, submersible sonar, submersible buoys and magnetic anomaly detectors.

Ship electronic systems

Shipborne electronic systems include the Combat Information Center and Combat Air Support System. The ship has a navigation system and communications, including satellite communications.

Driving performance

The ship is equipped with 8 boilers and 4 steam turbines, each with a power of 50,000 hp, rotating 4 shafts with fixed diameter propellers. The maximum speed is 29 knots, the cruising range is top speed- 3800 miles. The maximum cruising range at 18 knots is 8500 miles.

Equipment

The ship's crew consists of 1960 people, including 200 officers. Also, the ship is equipped with 626 people. flight crew, including 40 people. command staff. The ship's 3,857 quarters include 387 cabins, 134 crew quarters with 50 showers, 6 dining rooms, 120 warehouses and 6000 meters of corridors and crossings.

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" is a Project 11435 heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser, the only ship of this type in Russia.

Location

Northern Fleet, Severomorsk.

Building, name

The ship (in the project bore the name "Soviet Union") was laid down at the Black Sea Shipyard on September 1, 1982 under the name "Riga" and launched on December 4, 1985 under the name "Leonid Brezhnev". On August 11, 1987, it was renamed Tbilisi. October 4, 1990 became known as "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov". Enlisted in the Northern Fleet on January 20, 1991.

Milestones

On October 21, 1989, it was put to sea in an unfinished and understaffed state for flight design tests of airborne aircraft. On November 1, 1989, the first landings of the MiG-29K, Su-27K and Su-25UTG were made. November 23, 1989 returned to the plant for completion. In 1990, he repeatedly went to sea for testing.

In the 90s, he regularly went to sea for exercises, carried out military service in the Mediterranean. From 1996 to 1998 was under repair. In 2000, he participated in the exercises in which the submarine "Kursk" died, participated in the rescue operation.

From 2001 to 2004 was under repair. In 2004, he participated in a month-long trip to the North Atlantic. In 2005-2007, he went to sea several times a year. On December 5, 2007, he headed a detachment of warships on a campaign in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, which ended on February 3, 2008.

Until December 2008 was under repair.

In the period from December 6, 2011 to February 16, 2012, the ship carried out a long-distance voyage to the Mediterranean Sea as part of the naval presence of Russian Navy ships in the areas of the World Ocean.

In May 2014, the seventh long-distance cruise of the ship ended, which lasted almost six months.

In September 2014, the planned restoration of technical readiness was completed on the ship.

Tactical and technical characteristics

Speed: 29 knots
Endurance: 45 days
Crew: 1960 people
Steam turbine power: 4x50000 hp
Turbo generator power: 9x1500 kW
Power of diesel generators: 6x1500 kW

Dimensions

Length: 302.3 meters
Waterline length: 270 meters
Width: 72.3 meters
Width at the waterline: 35.4 meters
Draft: 9.14 meters
Standard displacement: 43,000 tons
Full displacement: 55,000 tons
Maximum displacement: 58600 tons

Armament

The aircraft carrier is equipped with missile launchers (12 Granit anti-ship missiles and 60 Udav-1 missiles), Blade (192 missiles, 24 launchers) and Kashtan (256 missiles) anti-aircraft missile systems. Up to 24 Ka-27 multi-purpose helicopters, up to 16 Yak-41M supersonic multi-purpose vertical take-off and landing aircraft and up to 12 Su-27K carrier-based fighters can be on board.

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"Admiral Kuznetsov" - heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 1143.5

"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" - heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of project 1143.5

The PTZ system has a depth of 4.5 m and consists of three chambers: expansion, absorption (filled with fuel), and filtration. Between the last two there is a protective bulkhead of variable height thickness, made of high-strength ductile steel Ak-25. Steam TZA are similar to those installed on "Baku".
According to the project, the air group was supposed to consist of 24 carrier-based aircraft and 42 helicopters, but the regular number of vehicles was not reached due to lack of funds. Aircraft landing control was provided by the Luna optical system. In the bow of the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" 12 under-deck launchers for attack cruise missiles P-700 "Granit" were installed. Four six-rocket modules of the Kinzhal air defense system are placed in the bow and stern on the side sponsons.

01/20/1991 "Kuznetsov" became part of the Northern Fleet. The declining economy of the state significantly complicated and delayed the development of the ship, the completion of its air group with serial Su-27K fighters and the training of flight crews. It was only in 1993 that the aircraft intended for the aircraft carrier arrived at the Northern Fleet, and only the following year did it manage to train ten combat ship pilots.
At the end of August 1995, they made their first landings on the TAKR, and in September the Kuznetsov took part in the fleet exercises, during which the practical development of its aircraft weapons began.
As for the problem of basing, it has remained unresolved. True, a floating berth was built for Kuznetsov in Ura-guba, but they could not build a coastal power plant and a boiler house. The ship, in order to ensure its life, has to constantly “drive” the two main boilers.

Even during the operation of "Kiev" in the North, one interesting feature was revealed. The aircraft carrier has a huge upper deck, which is actively cooled in cold weather (eight months a year). Since the heating system in the harsh conditions of the Arctic does not cope with its duties, there is a constant formation of condensate, causing corrosion of decks, bulkheads, cable routes, and failure of instruments. In addition to premature aging of ships, low temperatures and high humidity significantly worsen the living conditions of the crew. So, on the Kuznetsov in the cockpits located at the ends of the ship, the temperature in winter does not rise above 10-12 degrees.

The performance characteristics of the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov"
Displacement 55000 (70500) tons
Dimensions 304.5 x 38 x 10.5 m

Power of the four-shaft power plant 200,000 hp: 4 PT
Speed 32 knots

Cruising range 8000 miles at 18 knots

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