What profession women are not taken. What professions are forbidden for women. Construction, installation and repair work
Why are there no women in Russia - truck drivers or electric train drivers? The point is not that women do not want to go to study in these professions, but that in Russia there is a government decree that explicitly prohibits hiring women in more than 400 professions.
Under the cut you will find a complete list of such professions ...
1. Fisherman
Women in Russia are not prohibited from fishing, restrictions apply only to coastal fishing "on hand-drawn seine nets, ice fishing on seine nets, fixed nets and ventilators."
2. Electric train driver
Women are prohibited from working not only as drivers of electric trains, steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, diesel trains, but also as their assistants.
3. Bus driver
Women are prohibited from working as bus drivers for more than 14 seats... The restriction does not apply to urban and suburban transport.
4. Boatswain
There cannot be women boatswains, sailors, skippers and skipper assistants in Russia.
5. Porter of baggage and carry-on baggage at the airport
If you see that a woman is moving your luggage or hand luggage at the airport, know that this is a violation of Russian laws.
6. Bulldozer driver
Women are not allowed to work on tractors trucks, snowmobiles, bulldozers.
7. Feller
Stump grubber and forest feller are not female professions.
8. Diver
9. Cattle fighter
Restrictions for women apply to operations with cattle and pigs.
10. Carpenter
And here is a complete list of HEAVY WORK AND WORK WITH HARMFUL OR DANGEROUS WORKING CONDITIONS, WHILE THE PERFORMANCE OF WHICH THE USE OF WOMEN'S LABOR IS PROHIBITED
I. Work related to lifting and moving
manual weights, in case of exceeding the established norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy weights manually
II. Underground work
2. Underground works in mining industry
III. Metalworking
Foundry works
workers:
3. Cupcake
4. The beater of castings, engaged in manual beating
5. Filling the charge into cupolas and furnaces, busy loading the charge
manually
6. Casting teapot
7. Metal filler
8. Cutter engaged in work with pneumatic tools
9. Smelter of metal and alloys
10. Workers engaged in the suspension of the hot cast on the conveyor and
maintenance and repair of equipment in the tunnels of foundries
Welding works
11. Gas welder and electric welder manual welding working in
closed containers (tanks, boilers, etc.), as well as in high-rise
communication facilities (towers, masts) over 10 meters and
works
Boiler houses, cold stamping, drawing
and pressure works
Work performed by profession:
12. Boiler man
13. Turner on metal-spinning lathes, employed at work
manually
14. The chaser engaged in manual pneumatic works
instrument
Forging - pressing and thermal works
Work performed by profession:
15. Bandager engaged in hot work
16. Spring operator engaged in hot work when winding springs
made of wire with a diameter of over 10 mm
17. Rolling machine engaged in rolling rings in a hot state
18. Leaf spring for hot metal processing
Metal coatings and painting
19. Sealing inside the caisson - tanks
20. Full time job hot lead (not
electroplated)
Locksmith and locksmith - assembly work
Work performed by profession:
21. Driller - pneumatic, performing work
a pneumatic tool that transmits vibration to the hands of the worker
22. Locksmith - repairman,
23. Work with lead
IV. Construction, assembly
and repair and construction work
24. Hot repair of furnaces and boiler furnaces
25. Grubbing tree stumps
26. Fastening of structures and parts using construction
- assembly gun
27. Slab works, dismantling of buildings and structures
28. Punching holes (grooves, niches, etc.) in concrete,
reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and with
using pneumatic tools
Work performed by profession:
29. A fitter engaged in the manual installation of frames, manual,
bending machines and shears
30. Asphalt concrete worker, asphalt concrete worker - grinder, employed on
manual work
31. Water jet
32. Excavator engaged in digging wells
33. Bricklayer engaged in the laying of a modular
solid sand-lime brick
34. Steel roofer
35. The caisson operator is the operator, the caisson operator is the tunneller, the caisson operator is
locksmith, caisson operator - electrician
36. Motor grader driver
37. The driver of the asphalt distributor, the driver of the truck
38. The driver of the concrete pumping unit, the machinist
bitumen-smelting mobile installation
39. Bulldozer driver
40. The driver of the grader - elevator
41. Driver of a mobile asphalt concrete mixer
42. Driver of asphalt concrete paver
43. Single-bucket excavator driver, excavator driver
rotary (trencher and trench)
44. The operator of the electric welding mobile unit with
internal combustion engine
45. Mobile power plant operator working on
power plants with an internal combustion engine rated at 150
h.p. and more
46. Telecommunications installer - antenna operator, busy working at height
47. Assembler for the installation of steel and reinforced concrete structures
when working at height and climbing work
48. Lead solder (lead solder)
49. Carpenter
50. Locksmith - plumber engaged in the repair of the sewer
the network
51. Pipeline for industrial reinforced concrete pipes
52. Pipeline for industrial brick pipes
V. Mining operations
Open pit mining and operating surface
and mines and mines under construction, beneficiation, agglomeration,
briquetting
Work performed on general professions mountain and
mining operations:
53. Borehole Driller
54. Blaster, master blaster
55. Miner for the prevention and extinguishing of fires
56. Supplier of fastening materials to the mine
57. Woodworker
58. Blacksmith - borer
59. Drilling rig operator
60. Loader driver
61. The operator of the installation for drilling shafts of mines with a full cross-section
62. Excavator driver
63. A tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling of trolleys
64. Tunnel
65. Stem, busy feeding trolleys into the cage by hand
way
66. Cleaner busy cleaning bins
67. Electrician (locksmith) on duty and repair
equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of equipment
68. A crusher engaged in crushing hot pitch in
alumina production
69. The roaster engaged in the roasting process of raw materials and
materials in mercury production
70. Workers and foremen of beneficiation and crushing -
sorting factories
71. Workers employed in lead enrichment workshops
72. Workers and foremen engaged in the enrichment of niobium
(loparite) ores
Construction of subways, tunnels and underground
special structures
Work performed by profession:
73. Mining equipment installer
74. A drifter on surface works
Mining of ores
Work performed by profession:
75. Miner of alluvial deposits
76. Chisel driver
77. Drager
78. Dredge Sailor
79. Dredge Driver
80. Engineer of a rocket launcher
Extraction and processing of peat
Work performed by profession:
81. Groove
82. Grubber
83. Driver of machines for the extraction and processing of sod peat
84. Machine driver for the preparation of peat deposits for
exploitation
85. Driver of a peat excavator
86. Peat worker engaged in felling trees, on the pavement
peat bricks
Vi. Exploration
and topographic - geodetic works
Work performed by profession:
92. Blaster, Master Blaster
93. Assembler of geodetic signs
94. Electrician (locksmith) on duty and repair
equipment employed in the field
Vii. Drilling of the wells
Work performed by profession:
95. Driller of operational and exploration drilling wells
for oil and gas
96. Rig, rig - welder, rig -
electrician
97. Drilling rig operator
98. Well cementing operator
99. Motor operator of a cementing unit, a motor operator of a cement -
sand mixing unit
100. Pipe crimper
101. Assistant driller of operational and exploration
drilling wells for oil and gas (first)
102. Assistant driller of operational and exploration
drilling wells for oil and gas (second)
103. Drilling fluid maker busy with preparation
solution manually
104. Rig service mechanic, directly employed
on drilling
105. Locksmith - repairman engaged in the repair of the drilling
equipment
106. Drill Joint Installer
107. Drilling electrician
VIII. Oil and gas
Work performed by profession and separate categories
workers:
108. Driller overhaul wells
109. Driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
110. Operator of a mobile steam dewaxing station
installations
111. The driver of the mobile compressor
112. Lift driver
113. Driver of the washing unit
114. Hydraulic fracturing operator
115. Operator for preparing wells for capital and
underground repairs
116. Well workover operator
117. Operator on chemical processing wells
118. Well Workover Driller Assistant
119. Assistant driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
120. Workers, managers and specialists, constantly employed
underground oil production
121. Fitter for the installation and repair of the foundations of offshore drilling and
flyovers
122. Locksmith - repairman engaged in installation and maintenance
technological equipment and repair of oilfield
equipment
123. Electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment, engaged in maintenance and repair
technological equipment
IX. Ferrous metallurgy
124. Ladle working with molten metal
125. A metal heater, employed at work in methodical,
chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production
126. Metal surface blemish handler, engaged in
work with pneumatic tools
Blast-furnace production
Work performed by profession:
127. Horse blast furnace
128. Blast Furnace Plumber
129. Blast furnace hearth
130. Train driver - scales
131. Skipova
Steel production
Work performed by profession:
132. Filling machine operator
133. Mixer
134. Stuffer of blocks
135. Furnace reduction of iron and annealing of iron powders
136. Smelter of deoxidizers
137. Converter Steelmaker's Handy
138. Handyman of the open-hearth furnace steelmaker
139. Helper of the steelmaker of the electroslag remelting plant
140. Electric Furnace Steelmaker's Apprentice
141. Steel Castor
142. Converter Steelmaker
143. Open-hearth furnace steelmaker
144. Steelmaker of the electroslag remelting plant
145. Electric furnace steelmaker
Rolling production
Work performed by profession:
146. Roller of a hot rolling mill
147. Pitch Brewer
148. Hot-rolling mill operator's assistant
149. Presser - rail fastener broaching machine
150. Locksmith - conductor employed in the section rolling
production
Pipe production
Work performed by profession:
151. Roller of the sizing mill
152. Roller of a hot-rolled tube mill
153. Roller of the furnace pipe welding mill
154. Roller of cold-rolled pipe mill
155. Roller of the pipe-forming mill
156. A pipe drawing worker employed in non-mechanized mills
157. Pipe calibrator on the press
158. Blacksmith on hammers and presses
159. Helper of a rolling mill of hot-rolled pipes
160. Helper of a rolling mill of cold-rolled pipes
Ferroalloy production
Work performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
161. Furnace of ferroalloy furnaces
162. Smelter engaged in smelting and granulating molten
vanadium pentoxide
163. Ferroalloy smelter
164. Workers engaged in the smelting of silicon alloys in open
arc furnaces
165. Workers engaged in the production of metallic chromium and
chromium-containing alloys by the aluminothermal method
By-product coke production
166. Work related to direct employment in
benzene production, its hydrotreating and rectification
167. Barely
168. Dover
169. Crusher
170. Lukova
171. Scrubber - a pump engaged in servicing phenolic
installations in the shop for catching coking products
172. Locksmith - repairman engaged in the maintenance of coke oven
batteries
X. Non-ferrous metallurgy
Work performed in general professions:
173. Anode grinder engaged in pouring bottom sections of anodes
in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon
174. Fitter at the repair of bathtubs, engaged in drilling
recesses for the cathode rod in the production of aluminum, silumin
and silicon
175. Melter
176. Caller
177. Locksmith - repairman, electrician for repair and
maintenance of electrical equipment, employed in the main
metallurgical workshops
178. Sinter
179. A burdener engaged in work at the furnaces in the production of tin
Production of non-ferrous and rare metals,
production of powders from non-ferrous metals
180. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
workshops (departments and sections) for the production of tetrachloride
titanium (tetrachloride)
181. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
shops for chlorination of loparite concentrate
182. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
workshops (departments and sections) for the recovery of tetrachloride and
metal separation in titanium metal production
183. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
departments (at sites) chlorination and rectification of titanium
raw materials (slags)
184. Work performed by workers employed in the department
slag processing by sublimation method on fuming in
tin production
185. Work performed by workers employed in smelting
workshops, as well as for the processing of cinders in the production of mercury
Work performed by profession:
186. Anode in the production of aluminum
187. Titanium Sponge Beater
188. Pourer - metal pourer
189. Cathode
190. Converter
191. Capacitor
192. Assembler of reaction devices, engaged in the installation and
dismantling of baths and furnaces, for the repair and restoration of reaction
apparatus
193. Mercury Beater
194. Grain in the production of zinc dust
195. Pechevo on the Welzpech
196. Pechevo on recovery and distillation of titanium and rare
metals
197. Nickel powder recovery mill
198. A mill for processing titanium-containing and rare-earth
materials
199. Slimer of electrolyte baths, engaged in manual cleaning of baths
way
200. The molten salt electrolyzer
Processing of non-ferrous metals by pressure
201. Work performed by a hot metal rolling stock
for rolling non-ferrous metals and their alloys
Electrolytic aluminum production
202. Work performed by workers and foremen
Alumina production
203. Work performed by the loader driver employed on
repair work in hard-to-reach places pneumatic and
hydraulic loaders
XI. Repair of equipment for power plants and networks
Work performed by profession:
204. Electrician for the repair of overhead power lines,
climbing high-voltage lines
power transmission
205. Electrician for repair and installation of cable lines,
repairing lead-lit cable glands and soldering
lead cable glands and jackets
XII. Abrasives production
Work performed by profession:
206. Balancer - grinder of abrasive wheels, busy
Lead casting of abrasive products
207. Bulldozer driver engaged in hot dismantling of ovens
resistance in the production of abrasives
208. Smelter of abrasive materials
209. Breeder employed in the corundum workshop
210. Disassembler of resistance furnaces employed in the workshop
silicon carbide production
XIII. Electrotechnical production
Work performed in general professions:
211. Distiller of mercury
212. A molder of mercury rectifiers, performing work with
open mercury
Electric coal production
213. Work performed by workers in the smelting of pitch
Cable production
Work performed by profession:
214. Lead or aluminum cable crimper, employed
hot lead pressure testing
215. Cable stripper engaged in survey
only lead sheaths
Manufacture of chemical power sources
Work performed by profession:
216. Lead alloy foundry worker
217. Dry matter mixer (for lead-acid batteries)
218. Lead Alloy Smelter
219. A battery plate cutter engaged in stamping -
separating shaped lead plates
XIV. Radio engineering and electronic production
Work performed by profession:
220. Tester of parts and devices engaged in testing
devices in thermal vacuum chambers at a temperature of +28 degrees. C and above and
-60 hail. C and below, subject to direct presence in them
221. Caster of magnets on furnaces - crystallizers
222. Melter of Shoopalloy and Bismuth
XV. Aircraft manufacturing and repair
Work performed by profession:
223. Aircraft engine repairman and repairman
units engaged in the repair of motors and units operating on
leaded gasoline
Xvi. Shipbuilding and ship repair
Work performed by profession:
224. Reinforcement bar for reinforced concrete ships, engaged in work on
vibrating tables, vibrating platforms, cassette installations and with manual
vibrators
225. Ship hibernator engaged in hot bending
226. Ship Boiler
227. Painter, ship insulator, engaged in painting work in
tanks, second bottom area, warm boxes and other
hard-to-reach areas of ships, as well as during cleaning
old paint in designated areas of vessels
228. Coppersmith for the manufacture of ship products, engaged in
hot work
229. Ship carpenter working in closed compartments of ships
230. Workers of the acceptance team at mooring, factory and
state tests
231. Ship cutter, engaged in works with manual
pneumatic tool
232. Assembler of hulls of metal ships, engaged in
sectional, block and slipway assembly of surface vessels with
constant combining of their work with electric tack,
gas cutting and metal processing by manual pneumatic
tools, as well as ship repair
233. Locksmith - a mechanic for testing installations and equipment,
engaged in the adjustment and testing of marine diesel engines in closed
indoors and inside ships
234. Locksmith - ship fitter, engaged in the installation inside
ships during repair
235. Locksmith - ship repairer, engaged in work inside ships
236. Shipbuilder - repairman
237. Ship's Rigger
238. Ship's pipe fitter
XVII. Chemical production
Work performed in chemical industries by profession and
by certain categories of workers:
239. Smelter operator engaged in smelting and refining
pitch
240. A steamer engaged in a stripping - rubber stripping
Manufacture of inorganic products
Calcium carbide production
241. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
furnaces and manual crushing of carbide
Phosgene production
242. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of mercury and its compounds
243. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages, except for production with remote
management
Yellow phosphorus production
244. Workers, shift managers and specialists,
directly involved in the maintenance of shaft slot furnaces,
roasting and sintering furnaces, fines granulation units, in
branches of electric subtraction of phosphorus, on filling phosphorus
containers, for the maintenance of warehouse containers of phosphorus, phosphoric
sludge, sludge distillation and processing of fire-liquid slags
Production of phosphorus trichloride
and phosphorus pentasulfide
245. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Chlorine production by mercury method
246. Workers employed at technological stages
Liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide production
247. Workers employed at technological stages
Carbon disulfide production
248. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
departments: retort and condensation
Work with fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and fluorides
249. Workers, managers and specialists (except for work,
performed in laboratories using hydrofluoric acid and
fluorides)
Arsenic and arsenic compounds production
250. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Silicon tetrachloride production
251. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of technical iodine
252. Workers engaged in the extraction of iodine
Organic food production
The production of benzatron and its chlorine
and bromo derivatives, vilontron
253. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Aniline, paranitroaniline production,
aniline salts and fluxes
254. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Production of benzidine and its analogues
255. Workers, managers, specialists and other employees,
employed directly in production and at the dissolution station
specified products
Carbon tetrachloride production,
golovax, rematola, sovol
256. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Chloropicrin production
257. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Arsenic Catalyst Manufacturing
258. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Ziram production, mercury
and arsenic pesticides
259. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Chloroprene production
260. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Chloroprene rubber and latex production
261. Workers employed at the technological stages of polymerization
and product isolation
Ethyl liquid production
262. Workers, managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Benzene, toluene, xylene production
263. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Paint and varnish production
Production of lead lithium and red lead, lead
crowns, whitewash, leaden greens and yarmedyanka
264. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages
Manufacture of chemical fibers and threads
265. Regeneration apparatchik employed in regeneration
carbon disulfide
266. Contact molding apparatuses
large-sized items with an area of 1.5 sq. m and more
Production of medicines, medical, biological
preparations and materials
Antibiotic production
267. Filtration apparatchik, busy disassembling and assembling the filter
- presses with frame sizes over 500 mm manually
Obtaining morphine from raw opium
268. Filtration apparatchik engaged in disassembly and assembly
filter presses with frame sizes over 500 mm manually
Androgen production
269. Apparatus for the production of synthetic hormones, employed
obtaining preparations of testosterone and its derivatives
Xviii. Production and processing of rubber compounds
Work performed by profession:
270. A vulcanizer engaged in loading, unloading products in
boilers over 6 meters long, by vulcanization of propeller shafts
271. Rubber mixer driver
272. Workers employed in departments: cold vulcanization,
generation of radol and facts
273. Repairer of rubber products, engaged in manufacturing
and repair of large rubber parts and products, on
vulcanization of reinforced parts (large tires, rubber
fuel tanks, reservoirs, conveyor belts, etc.)
Production, restoration and repair of tires
274. Work performed by a vulcanizer, a tire collector
(heavy duty)
XIX. Oil, gas, shale and coal processing, production
synthetic petroleum products, petroleum oils and lubricants
Work performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
275. Coke Purifier
276. Coke unloader
277. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
gasoline ethylation process units
278. Workers employed in extraction shops and departments
aromatic hydrocarbon production
279. Workers engaged in the preparation of arsenic solutions at
purification of sulfur-containing petroleum gas
XX. Logging and timber rafting
Logging works
280. Loading and unloading of round timber (for
excluding pulpwood, mine rack and firewood up to 2 meters long)
281. Stacking round timber (except
balances, mine racks and firewood up to 2 meters long)
Work performed by profession:
282. Feller
283. A lumberjack engaged in felling, bucking logs and
hilling longitude, chopping wood, harvesting and cutting pneumatic
resin, as well as harvesting wood using manual
instruments
284. A filler is a timber feller,
285. Choker
Timber rafting
Work performed by profession:
286. Rafter
287. Rigger engaged in loading and unloading rigging
288. Raft Shaper
XXI. Production of cellulose, paper,
cardboard and products from them
Work performed by profession:
289. The clerk for the preparation of chemical solutions, employed at
chlorine dissolution
290. The impregnator employed in production
anti-corrosion and inhibited paper
291. Brewer of fibrous raw materials
292. Pulp Maker
293. Woodcutter
294. Pyrite Crusher
295. Loader of balances in defibrers
296. Loader of pyrite, sulfur furnaces and turm
297. Sulfate Loader
298. Acid
299. Mixer
300. Lining of acid tanks
301. Fiber filing machine
302. Impregnator of paper and paper products, engaged in impregnation
fiber
303. Sulfurous acid regenerator
304. Locksmith - repairman, lubricator, cleaner of industrial and
office space, electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment employed in the production of sulphite pulp and
sulfurous acid
305. Coyote
306. Dryer of paper (cardboard) machine,
employed in high-speed paper and board
machines operating at speeds of 400 and more meters per minute
307. Bleeder
XXII. Cement production
308. Work performed by workers on the cleaning of sludge
pools and talkers
XXIII. Stone processing and production
stone products
Work performed by profession:
309. Pouring stone casting products
310. Stonewar
311. Stones
312. A mill operator engaged in breaking diabase crushed stone in
powder
313. Adjuster for stone processing equipment
314. Stone Sawer
315. Stone Router
XXIV. Reinforced concrete production
and concrete products and structures
316. Work as a carver of concrete and reinforced concrete products
XXV. Production of thermal insulation materials
Work performed by profession:
317. Bitumen
318. Cupcake
XXVI. Soft roof production
and waterproofing materials
319. Work performed by the loader of digesters
XXVII. Glass and glassware production
Work performed by profession:
320. Quarceduv (except for those engaged in the manufacture of products with a diameter
up to 100 mm and wall thickness up to 3 mm)
321. Quartz Smelter
322. Mirror Dyer employed at work with mercury
323. A charge compiler engaged in manual work using
red lead
324. Ridiculous
Manufacture of leather footwear
341. Work as a molder of parts and products, employed on machines
type "Anklepf"
XXIX. Food industry
342. Bale of corrugated packaging waste
Work performed in the general professions of food production
products:
343. Diffusion machine operator serving diffusers
intermittent when manually loaded
344. An ice collector engaged in the preparation of ice in reservoirs and
stacking it in riots
345. Bone Charcoal Maker
346. Driver of cleaning machines engaged in disassembly
separators manually
Production of meat products
Work performed by profession:
347. A cattle fighter engaged in stunning operations, hooks,
exsanguination of cattle and small ruminants and pigs;
gutting, shooting cattle skins by hand;
sawing carcasses; scalds and opals of pork carcasses and heads; carcass processing
cattle in a horizontal way
348. Skin Scourer
349. Skin Handler
Extraction and processing of fish
350. All types of work in the field, prospecting and acceptance -
transport sea vessels
351. Tipping fish barrels manually
Work performed by profession:
352. Loader - unloader of food products, engaged in
manual loading of canned food racks into autoclaves
353. Sea Animal Handler Busy in Fleshing Hides
sea animal
354. Fish processor engaged in pouring - unloading fish
manually from vats, chests, ships, slots and other navigable
containers; stirring fish in salting vats by hand
355. Compactor - a squeezer of food products, engaged in
pressing (squeezing) fish in barrels manually
356. Acceptor of floating crafts
357. A coastal fisherman engaged in hand-pulling
seines, ice fishing on seine nets, fixed nets and
venter
Bakery production
358. The work performed by the dough breeder employed in the kneading
machines with rolling bowls with a capacity exceeding 330 liters at
moving them manually
Tobacco - makhorka and fermentation production
359. Work performed by an auxiliary worker employed
transportation of bales of tobacco
Perfumery and cosmetic production
360. Work performed by a worker engaged in grinding
amidochloric mercury
Extraction and production of table salt
Work performed by profession:
361. Bulk Salt in Pools
362. Pool preparation
363. Road Worker on the Lake
XXX. Railway transport and subway
Work performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
364. Accumulator engaged in the repair of lead-acid batteries
365. A trolley driver and his assistant working on
366. Conductor of freight trains
367. Fireman of steam locomotives in the depot
368. Diesel train driver and his assistant
369. The truck driver and his assistant working on
broad gauge railway lines
370. Engine driver and assistant
371. Diesel locomotive driver and his assistant
372. Traction unit driver and his assistant
373. Electric locomotive driver and his assistant
374. Electric train driver and his assistant
375. Track fitter (if the established norms are exceeded,
permissible loads for women when lifting and moving weights
manually)
376. Porter engaged in the movement of baggage and carry-on baggage
377. Inspector - car repairman
378. Pipe Blower
379. Conductor for escorting goods and special wagons, busy
escorting cargo on open rolling stock
380. Washer for steam locomotive boilers
381. Impregnator of lumber and wood products, employed
impregnated with oil antiseptics
382. Regulator of the speed of movement of wagons
383. Locksmith for the repair of rolling stock, performing
work:
for repairing the headset on steam locomotives when washing them warmly;
in fire and smoke boxes;
for blowing out the bottom and chutes of electric rolling stock and
diesel locomotives with electric transmission;
for disassembly, repair and assembly of drain devices and
safety valves, for inspection and refueling of drain valves The original article is on the site InfoGlaz.rf The link to the article this copy was made from is
Over the past hundred years, the struggle of feminists for women's rights has practically equaled the weaker sex with the strong half of humanity in all spheres of life. Now women and "stooped horses" and enter the "burning huts" trying not to yield to men in anything. In accordance with the 19th article of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, men and women have equal rights and opportunities for their implementation. However, when applying for a job, there is a list of restrictions for women, consisting of 456 items of prohibited professions. "The list of heavy work and work with harmful or hazardous working conditions, in the performance of which the use of women's labor is prohibited", was adopted by the Russian government on February 25, 2000, under the signature of Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ON THE APPROVAL OF THE LIST
APPLICATION OF WOMEN'S LABORPursuant to article 10 Federal law"About the basics
labor protection in Russian Federation"(Collection of legislation
Russian Federation, 1999, N 29, art. 3702) government
Of the Russian Federation decides:
Approve the attached list of heavy work and work with
harmful or hazardous working conditions, in the performance of which
the employment of women is prohibited.Prime Minister
Russian Federation
V. PUTINApproved
Government Decree
Russian Federation
dated February 25, 2000 N 162SCROLL
HEAVY WORK AND WORK WITH HARMFUL OR DANGEROUS
WORKING CONDITIONS WHICH IT IS PROHIBITED TO IMPLEMENT
APPLICATION OF WOMEN'S LABORI. Work related to lifting and moving
manual weights1. Work related to lifting and moving weights
manually, in case of exceeding the established limits
manuallyII. Underground work
2. Underground work in the mining industry and on
construction underground structures, except for works
performed by women in leadership positions and not
performing physical work; women engaged in sanitary and
consumer services; women in training and
admitted to an internship in the underground parts of the organization;
women who must descend from time to time into the underground
parts of the organization to perform work of a non-physical nature
(list of positions of managers, specialists and other
permitted, as an exception, the use of female labor,
given in paragraph 2 of the notes to this list)III. Metalworking
Foundry works
workers:
3. Cupcake
4. The beater of castings, engaged in manual beating
5. Filling the charge into cupolas and furnaces, busy loading the charge
manually
6. Casting teapot
7. Metal filler
8. Cutter engaged in work with pneumatic tools
9. Smelter of metal and alloys
10. Workers engaged in the suspension of the hot cast on the conveyor and
maintenance and repair of equipment in the tunnels of foundriesWelding works
11. Gas welder and electric welder of manual welding, working in
closed containers (tanks, boilers, etc.), as well as in high-rise
communication facilities (towers, masts) over 10 meters and
worksBoiler houses, cold stamping, drawing
and pressure worksWork performed by profession:
12. Boiler man
13. Turner on metal-spinning lathes, employed at work
manually
14. The chaser engaged in manual pneumatic works
instrumentForging - pressing and thermal works
Work performed by profession:
15. Bandager engaged in hot work
16. Spring operator engaged in hot work when winding springs
made of wire with a diameter of over 10 mm
17. Rolling machine engaged in rolling rings in a hot state
18. Leaf spring for hot metal processingMetal coatings and painting
19. Sealing inside the caisson - tanks
20. Continuous work on hot lead (not
electroplated)Locksmith and locksmith - assembly work
Work performed by profession:
21. Driller - pneumatic, performing work
a pneumatic tool that transmits vibration to the hands of the worker
22. Locksmith - repairman, employed:
adjustment of equipment in workshops and departments: hot-rolled,
pickling, enameling, insulation using
organosilicon varnishes, lead coating in cable production;
on hot repair of selenium and shoopy machines
(equipment);
adjustment of equipment in workshops and departments of preparation and
the use of organosilicon varnishes and varnishes containing 40 and
more than percent of toluene, xylene;
repair of equipment in closed fuel depots and
oil facilities at thermal power plants, as well as repair
equipment in tunnels and heating chambers in thermal
networks;
maintenance of waterjet furnaces in the production of colored
metals and alloys;
adjustment and repair of hot chill molds;
directly in the shops: mill, spreading,
forming, casting, pipe-filling, glacial mixing and
assembly in the production of lead-acid batteries;
repair of technological equipment at motor test
stations running on leaded gasoline and located in
boxesLead work
23. Smelting, casting, rolling, broaching and stamping
lead products, as well as lead coating of cables and soldering of lead
accumulatorsIV. Construction, assembly
and repair and construction work24. Hot repair of furnaces and boiler furnaces
25. Grubbing tree stumps
26. Fastening of structures and parts using construction
- assembly gun
27. Slab works, dismantling of buildings and structures
28. Punching holes (grooves, niches, etc.) in concrete,
reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and with
using pneumatic toolsWork performed by profession:
29. A fitter engaged in the manual installation of frames, manual,
bending machines and shears
30. Asphalt concrete worker, asphalt concrete worker - grinder, employed on
manual work
31. Water jet
32. Excavator engaged in digging wells
33. Bricklayer engaged in the laying of a modular
solid sand-lime brick
34. Steel roofer
35. The caisson operator is the operator, the caisson operator is the tunneller, the caisson operator is
locksmith, caisson operator - electrician
36. Motor grader driver
37. The driver of the asphalt distributor, the driver of the truck
38. The driver of the concrete pumping unit, the machinist
bitumen-smelting mobile installation
39. Bulldozer driver
40. The driver of the grader - elevator
41. Driver of a mobile asphalt concrete mixer
42. Driver of asphalt concrete paver
43. Single-bucket excavator driver, excavator driver
rotary (trencher and trench)
44. The operator of the electric welding mobile unit with
internal combustion engine
45. Mobile power plant operator working on
power plants with an internal combustion engine rated at 150
h.p. and more
46. Telecommunications installer - antenna operator, busy working at height
47. Assembler for the installation of steel and reinforced concrete structures
when working at height and climbing work
48. Lead solder (lead solder)
49. Carpenter
50. Locksmith - plumber engaged in the repair of the sewer
the network
51. Pipeline for industrial reinforced concrete pipes
52. Pipeline for industrial brick pipesV. Mining operations
Open pit mining and operating surface
and mines and mines under construction, beneficiation, agglomeration,
briquettingWorks performed in the general professions of mining and
mining operations:
53. Borehole Driller
54. Blaster, master blaster
55. Miner for the prevention and extinguishing of fires
56. Supplier of fastening materials to the mine
57. Woodworker
58. Blacksmith - borer
59. Drilling rig operator
60. Loader driver
61. The operator of the installation for drilling shafts of mines with a full cross-section
62. Excavator driver
63. A tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling of trolleys
64. Tunnel
65. Stem, busy feeding trolleys into the cage by hand
way
66. Cleaner busy cleaning bins
67. Electrician (locksmith) on duty and repair
equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of equipment,
mechanisms, water and air lines in mining
Work performed in the general enrichment professions,
agglomeration, briquetting and certain categories of workers:
68. A crusher engaged in crushing hot pitch in
alumina production
69. The roaster engaged in the roasting process of raw materials and
materials in mercury production
70. Workers and foremen of beneficiation and crushing -
sorting factories, mines, mines and metallurgical
enterprises engaged in crushing, grinding, grinding
and the blending of ores of ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals, hydrofluoric
spar and coal, which produce dust containing 10 percent
and more free silicon dioxide when working by hand
71. Workers employed in lead enrichment workshops
72. Workers and foremen engaged in the enrichment of niobium
(loparite) oresConstruction of subways, tunnels and underground
special structuresWork performed by profession:
73. Mining equipment installer
74. A drifter on surface worksMining of ores
Work performed by profession:
75. Miner of alluvial deposits
76. Chisel driver
77. Drager
78. Dredge Sailor
79. Dredge Driver
80. Engineer of a rocket launcherExtraction and processing of peat
Work performed by profession:
81. Groove
82. Grubber
83. Driver of machines for the extraction and processing of sod peat
84. Machine driver for the preparation of peat deposits for
exploitation
85. Driver of a peat excavator
86. Peat worker engaged in felling trees, on the pavement
peat bricksProcessing brown coal and ozokerite ores
Work performed by profession:
87. Administrator of the production of mountain wax
88. Operator of the production of ozokerite and ozokerite products
89. Crusher
90. The driver of the briquette press
91. Filling machine operatorVi. Exploration
and topographic - geodetic worksWork performed by profession:
92. Blaster, Master Blaster
93. Assembler of geodetic signs
94. Electrician (locksmith) on duty and repair
equipment employed in the fieldVii. Drilling of the wells
Work performed by profession:
95. Driller of production and exploration wells
for oil and gas
96. Rig, rig - welder, rig -
electrician
97. Drilling rig operator
98. Well cementing operator
99. Motor operator of a cementing unit, a motor operator of a cement -
sand mixing unit
100. Pipe crimper
101. Assistant driller of operational and exploration
drilling wells for oil and gas (first)
102. Assistant driller of operational and exploration
drilling wells for oil and gas (second)
103. Drilling fluid maker busy with preparation
solution manually
104. Rig service mechanic, directly employed
on drilling
105. Locksmith - repairman engaged in the repair of the drilling
equipment
106. Drill Joint Installer
107. Drilling electricianVIII. Oil and gas
Work performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
108. Well workover driller
109. Driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
110. Operator of a mobile steam dewaxing station
installations
111. The driver of the mobile compressor
112. Lift driver
113. Driver of the washing unit
114. Hydraulic fracturing operator
115. Operator for preparing wells for capital and
underground repairs
116. Well workover operator
117. Chemical Well Treatment Operator
118. Well Workover Driller Assistant
119. Assistant driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
120. Workers, managers and specialists, constantly employed
underground oil production
121. Fitter for the installation and repair of the foundations of offshore drilling and
flyovers
122. Locksmith - repairman engaged in installation and maintenance
process equipment and repair of oilfield
equipment
123. Electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment, engaged in maintenance and repair
technological equipmentIX. Ferrous metallurgy
124. Ladle working with molten metal
125. A metal heater, employed at work in methodical,
chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production
126. Metal surface blemish handler, engaged in
work with pneumatic toolsBlast-furnace production
Work performed by profession:
127. Horse blast furnace
128. Blast Furnace Plumber
129. Blast furnace hearth
130. Train driver - scales
131. SkipovaSteel production
Work performed by profession:
132. Filling machine operator
133. Mixer
134. Stuffer of blocks
135. Furnace reduction of iron and annealing of iron powders
136. Smelter of deoxidizers
137. Converter Steelmaker's Handy
138. Handyman of the open-hearth furnace steelmaker
139. Helper of the steelmaker of the electroslag remelting plant
140. Electric Furnace Steelmaker's Apprentice
141. Steel Castor
142. Converter Steelmaker
143. Open-hearth furnace steelmaker
144. Steelmaker of the electroslag remelting plant
145. Electric furnace steelmakerRolling production
Work performed by profession:
146. Roller of a hot rolling mill
147. Pitch Brewer
148. Hot-rolling mill operator's assistant
149. Presser - rail fastener broaching machine
150. Locksmith - conductor employed in the section rolling
productionPipe production
Work performed by profession:
151. Roller of the sizing mill
152. Roller of a hot-rolled tube mill
153. Roller of the furnace pipe welding mill
154. Roller of cold-rolled pipe mill
155. Roller of the pipe-forming mill
156. A pipe drawing worker employed in non-mechanized mills
157. Pipe calibrator on the press
158. Blacksmith on hammers and presses
159. Helper of a rolling mill of hot-rolled pipes
160. Helper of a rolling mill of cold-rolled pipesFerroalloy production
Work performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
161. Furnace of ferroalloy furnaces
162. Smelter engaged in smelting and granulating molten
vanadium pentoxide
163. Ferroalloy smelter
164. Workers engaged in the smelting of silicon alloys in open
arc furnaces
165. Workers engaged in the production of metallic chromium and
chromium-containing alloys by the aluminothermal methodBy-product coke production
166. Work related to direct employment in
benzene production, its hydrotreating and rectification
167. Barely
168. Dover
169. Crusher
170. Lukova
171. Scrubber - a pump engaged in servicing phenolic
installations in the shop for catching coking products
172. Locksmith - repairman engaged in the maintenance of coke oven
batteriesX. Non-ferrous metallurgy
Work performed in general professions:
173. Anode grinder engaged in pouring bottom sections of anodes
in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon
174. Fitter at the repair of bathtubs, engaged in drilling
recesses for the cathode rod in the production of aluminum, silumin
and silicon
175. Melter
176. Caller
177. Locksmith - repairman, electrician for repair and
maintenance of electrical equipment, employed in the main
metallurgical workshops
178. Sinter
179. A burdener engaged in work at the furnaces in the production of tinProduction of non-ferrous and rare metals,
production of powders from non-ferrous metals180. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
workshops (departments and sections) for the production of tetrachloride
titanium (tetrachloride)
181. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
shops for chlorination of loparite concentrate
182. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
workshops (departments and sections) for the recovery of tetrachloride and
metal separation in titanium metal production
183. Work performed by workers and foremen employed in
departments (at sites) chlorination and rectification of titanium
raw materials (slags)
184. Work performed by workers employed in the department
slag processing by sublimation method on fuming in
tin production
185. Work performed by workers employed in smelting
workshops, as well as for the processing of cinders in the production of mercuryWork performed by profession:
186. Anode in the production of aluminum
187. Titanium Sponge Beater
188. Pourer - metal pourer
189. Cathode
190. Converter
191. Capacitor
192. Assembler of reaction devices, engaged in the installation and
dismantling of baths and furnaces, for the repair and restoration of reaction
apparatus
193. Mercury Beater
194. Grain in the production of zinc dust
195. Pechevo on the Welzpech
196. Pechevo on recovery and distillation of titanium and rare
metals
197. Nickel powder recovery mill
198. A mill for processing titanium-containing and rare-earth
materials
199. Slimer of electrolyte baths, engaged in manual cleaning of baths
way
200. The molten salt electrolyzerProcessing of non-ferrous metals by pressure
201. Work performed by a hot metal rolling stock
for rolling non-ferrous metals and their alloysElectrolytic aluminum production
202. Work performed by workers and foremen
Alumina production
203. Work performed by the loader driver employed on
repair work in hard-to-reach places pneumatic and
hydraulic loadersXI. Repair of equipment for power plants and networks
Work performed by profession:
204. Electrician for the repair of overhead power lines,
climbing high-voltage lines
power transmission
205. Electrician for repair and installation of cable lines,
repairing lead-lit cable glands and soldering
lead cable glands and jacketsXII. Abrasives production
Work performed by profession:
206. Balancer - grinder of abrasive wheels, busy
Lead casting of abrasive products
207. Bulldozer driver engaged in hot dismantling of ovens
resistance in the production of abrasives
208. Smelter of abrasive materials
209. Breeder employed in the corundum workshop
210. Disassembler of resistance furnaces employed in the workshop
silicon carbide productionXIII. Electrotechnical production
Work performed in general professions:
211. Distiller of mercury
212. A molder of mercury rectifiers, performing work with
open mercuryElectric coal production
213. Work performed by workers in the smelting of pitch
Cable production
Work performed by profession:
214. Lead or aluminum cable crimper, employed
hot lead pressure testing
215. Cable stripper engaged in survey
only lead sheathsManufacture of chemical power sources
Work performed by profession:
216. Lead alloy foundry worker
217. Dry matter mixer (for lead-acid batteries)
218. Lead Alloy Smelter
219. A battery plate cutter engaged in stamping -
separating shaped lead platesXIV. Radio engineering and electronic production
Work performed by profession:
220. Tester of parts and devices engaged in testing
devices in thermal vacuum chambers at a temperature of +28 degrees. C and above and
-60 hail. C and below, subject to direct presence in them
221. Caster of magnets on furnaces - crystallizers
222. Melter of Shoopalloy and BismuthXV. Aircraft manufacturing and repair
Work performed by profession:
223. Aircraft engine repairman and repairman
units engaged in the repair of motors and units operating on
leaded gasolineXvi. Shipbuilding and ship repair
Work performed by profession:
224. Reinforcement bar for reinforced concrete ships, engaged in work on
vibrating tables, vibrating platforms, cassette installations and with manual
vibrators
225. Ship hibernator engaged in hot bending
226. Ship Boiler
227. Painter, ship insulator, engaged in painting work in
tanks, second bottom area, warm boxes and other
hard-to-reach areas of ships, as well as during cleaning
old paint in designated areas of vessels
228. Coppersmith for the manufacture of ship products, engaged in
hot work
229. Ship carpenter working in closed compartments of ships
230. Workers of the acceptance team at mooring, factory and
state tests
231. Ship cutter, engaged in works with manual
pneumatic tool
232. Assembler of hulls of metal ships, engaged in
sectional, block and slipway assembly of surface vessels with
constant combining of their work with electric tack,
gas cutting and metal processing by manual pneumatic
tools, as well as ship repair
233. Locksmith - a mechanic for testing installations and equipment,
engaged in the adjustment and testing of marine diesel engines in closed
indoors and inside ships
234. Locksmith - ship fitter, engaged in the installation inside
ships during repair
235. Locksmith - ship repairer, engaged in work inside ships
236. Shipbuilder - repairman
237. Ship's Rigger
238. Ship's pipe fitterXVII. Chemical production
Work performed in chemical industries by profession and
by certain categories of workers:
239. Smelter operator engaged in smelting and refining
pitch
240. A steamer engaged in a stripping - rubber strippingManufacture of inorganic products
Calcium carbide production
241. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
furnaces and manual crushing of carbidePhosgene production
242. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesProduction of mercury and its compounds
243. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stages, except for production with remote
managementYellow phosphorus production
244. Workers, shift managers and specialists,
directly involved in the maintenance of shaft slot furnaces,
roasting and sintering furnaces, fines granulation units, in
branches of electric subtraction of phosphorus, on filling phosphorus
containers, for the maintenance of warehouse containers of phosphorus, phosphoric
sludge, sludge distillation and processing of fire-liquid slagsProduction of phosphorus trichloride
and phosphorus pentasulfide245. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesChlorine production by mercury method
246. Workers employed at technological stages
Liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide production
247. Workers employed at technological stages
Carbon disulfide production
248. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
departments: retort and condensationWork with fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and fluorides
249. Workers, managers and specialists (except for work,
performed in laboratories using hydrofluoric acid and
fluorides)Arsenic and arsenic compounds production
250. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesSilicon tetrachloride production
251. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesProduction of technical iodine
252. Workers engaged in the extraction of iodine
Organic food production
The production of benzatron and its chlorine
and bromo derivatives, vilontron253. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesAniline, paranitroaniline production,
aniline salts and fluxes254. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesProduction of benzidine and its analogues
255. Workers, managers, specialists and other employees,
employed directly in production and at the dissolution station
specified productsCarbon tetrachloride production,
golovax, rematola, sovol256. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesChloropicrin production
257. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesArsenic Catalyst Manufacturing
258. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesZiram production, mercury
and arsenic pesticides259. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesChloroprene production
260. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesChloroprene rubber and latex production
261. Workers employed at the technological stages of polymerization
and product isolationEthyl liquid production
262. Workers, managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesBenzene, toluene, xylene production
263. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesPaint and varnish production
Production of lead lithium and red lead, lead
crowns, whitewash, leaden greens and yarmedyanka264. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
technological stagesManufacture of chemical fibers and threads
265. Regeneration apparatchik employed in regeneration
carbon disulfideProduction of products from fiberglass based
synthetic resins (phenol-formaldehyde,
epoxy, polyester unsaturated resins)266. Contact molding apparatuses
large-sized items with an area of 1.5 sq. m and moreProduction of medicines, medical, biological
preparations and materialsAntibiotic production
267. Filtration apparatchik, busy disassembling and assembling the filter
- presses with frame sizes over 500 mm manuallyObtaining morphine from raw opium
268. Filtration apparatchik engaged in disassembly and assembly
filter presses with frame sizes over 500 mm manuallyAndrogen production
269. Apparatus for the production of synthetic hormones, employed
obtaining preparations of testosterone and its derivativesXviii. Production and processing of rubber compounds
Work performed by profession:
270. A vulcanizer engaged in loading, unloading products in
boilers over 6 meters long, by vulcanization of propeller shafts
271. Rubber mixer driver
272. Workers employed in departments: cold vulcanization,
generation of radol and facts
273. Repairer of rubber products, engaged in manufacturing
and repair of large rubber parts and products, on
vulcanization of reinforced parts (large tires, rubber
fuel tanks, reservoirs, conveyor belts, etc.)Production, restoration and repair of tires
274. Work performed by a vulcanizer, a tire collector
(heavy duty)XIX. Oil, gas, shale and coal processing, production
synthetic petroleum products, petroleum oils and lubricantsWork performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
275. Coke Purifier
276. Coke unloader
277. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in
gasoline ethylation process units
278. Workers employed in extraction shops and departments
aromatic hydrocarbon production
279. Workers engaged in the preparation of arsenic solutions at
purification of sulfur-containing petroleum gasXX. Logging and timber rafting
Logging works
280. Loading and unloading of round timber (for
excluding pulpwood, mine rack and firewood up to 2 meters long)
281. Stacking round timber (except
balances, mine racks and firewood up to 2 meters long)
Work performed by profession:
282. Feller
283. A lumberjack engaged in felling, bucking logs and
hilling longitude, chopping wood, harvesting and cutting pneumatic
resin, as well as harvesting wood using manual
instruments
284. A filler is a timber feller engaged in the creation of
interoperational and seasonal stocks of whips and trees, loading
trees, whips and round timber (excluding
pulpwood, mine rack and firewood up to 2 meters long) on
timber rolling stock and unloading them, performing work
manually
285. ChokerTimber rafting
Work performed by profession:
286. Rafter
287. Rigger engaged in loading and unloading rigging
288. Raft ShaperXXI. Production of cellulose, paper,
cardboard and products from themWork performed by profession:
289. The clerk for the preparation of chemical solutions, employed at
chlorine dissolution
290. The impregnator employed in production
anti-corrosion and inhibited paper
291. Brewer of fibrous raw materials
292. Pulp Maker
293. Woodcutter
294. Pyrite Crusher
295. Loader of balances in defibrers
296. Loader of pyrite, sulfur furnaces and turm
297. Sulfate Loader
298. Acid
299. Mixer
300. Lining of acid tanks
301. Fiber filing machine
302. Impregnator of paper and paper products, engaged in impregnation
fiber
303. Sulfurous acid regenerator
304. Locksmith - repairman, lubricator, cleaner of industrial and
office space, electrician for repair and maintenance
electrical equipment employed in the production of sulphite pulp and
sulfurous acid
305. Coyote
306. Dryer of paper (cardboard) machine,
employed in high-speed paper and board
machines operating at speeds of 400 and more meters per minute
307. BleederXXII. Cement production
308. Work performed by workers on the cleaning of sludge
pools and talkersXXIII. Stone processing and production
stone productsWork performed by profession:
309. Pouring stone casting products
310. Stonewar
311. Stones
312. A mill operator engaged in breaking diabase crushed stone in
powder
313. Adjuster for stone processing equipment
314. Stone Sawer
315. Stone RouterXXIV. Reinforced concrete production
and concrete products and structures316. Work as a carver of concrete and reinforced concrete products
XXV. Production of thermal insulation materials
Work performed by profession:
317. Bitumen
318. CupcakeXXVI. Soft roof production
and waterproofing materials319. Work performed by the loader of digesters
XXVII. Glass and glassware production
Work performed by profession:
320. Quarceduv (except for those engaged in the manufacture of products with a diameter
up to 100 mm and wall thickness up to 3 mm)
321. Quartz Smelter
322. Mirror Dyer employed at work with mercury
323. A charge compiler engaged in manual work using
red lead
324. RidiculousXXVIII. Textile and light industry
Works performed in the general textile manufacturing professions:
325. Operator of sizing equipment, employed at
non-mechanized lifting and removal of rollers
326. Locksmith - a plumber, busy cleaning sewer
trenches and wellsPrimary processing of cotton
327. Working as a pressman
Penko - jute production
328. Work as a fiber maker engaged in breaking bales
juteWoolen production
Work performed by profession:
329. Industrial Cloth Washer
330. Assistant foreman employed in the weaving shop in production
clothFelting - felt production
Work performed by profession:
331. Feller engaged in the manufacture of dense felts
332. Shoe-fitter engaged in handicrafts
333. Shoe remover from last, engaged in removing felted shoes
manuallyLeather and raw hides production
334. Loading and unloading large leather raw materials and
semi-finished products in tanning, dyeing and fat drums
335. Transportation, unloading and loading of a large tannery
raw materials and semi-finished products manually in the soaking-ash shops
leather factories
Work performed by profession:
336. A scourer engaged in turning large leathers on decks
manually, on fleshing and breaking up large leather raw materials
337. Leather dealer engaged in rolling large and hard leather
on skating rinks
338. Cutter of leather raw materials
339. Sorter of products, semi-finished products and materials, employed
sorting large leather raw materials
340. Cleaner of products, semi-finished products and materials, employed
cleaning large hides and large hides on decks
manuallyManufacture of leather footwear
341. Work as a molder of parts and products, employed on machines
type "Anklepf"XXIX. Food industry
342. Bale of corrugated packaging waste
Work performed in the general professions of food production
products:
343. Diffusion machine operator serving diffusers
intermittent when manually loaded
344. An ice collector engaged in the preparation of ice in reservoirs and
stacking it in riots
345. Bone Charcoal Maker
346. Driver of cleaning machines engaged in disassembly
separators manuallyProduction of meat products
Work performed by profession:
347. A cattle fighter engaged in stunning operations, hooks,
exsanguination of cattle and small ruminants and pigs;
gutting, shooting cattle skins by hand;
sawing carcasses; scalds and opals of pork carcasses and heads; carcass processing
cattle in a horizontal way
348. Skin Scourer
349. Skin HandlerExtraction and processing of fish
350. All types of work in the field, prospecting and acceptance -
transport sea vessels, with the exception of floating sea vessels
crabs of canning factories, fish processing bases, large
freezer fishing trawlers and sea refrigerated vessels,
where women are allowed to work in all jobs except work
(professions, positions) specified in sections XXXII "Marine
transport "and XXXIII" River transport "of this list
351. Tipping fish barrels manually
Work performed by profession:
352. Loader - unloader of food products, engaged in
manual loading of canned food racks into autoclaves
353. Sea Animal Handler Busy in Fleshing Hides
sea animal
354. Fish processor engaged in pouring - unloading fish
manually from vats, chests, ships, slots and other navigable
containers; stirring fish in salting vats by hand
355. Compactor - a squeezer of food products, engaged in
pressing (squeezing) fish in barrels manually
356. Acceptor of floating crafts
357. A coastal fisherman engaged in hand-pulling
seines, ice fishing on seine nets, fixed nets and
venterBakery production
358. The work performed by the dough breeder employed in the kneading
machines with rolling bowls with a capacity exceeding 330 liters at
moving them manuallyTobacco - makhorka and fermentation production
359. Work performed by an auxiliary worker employed
transportation of bales of tobaccoPerfumery and cosmetic production
360. Work performed by a worker engaged in grinding
amidochloric mercuryExtraction and production of table salt
Work performed by profession:
361. Bulk Salt in Pools
362. Pool preparation
363. Road Worker on the LakeXXX. Rail transport and subway
Work performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
364. Accumulator engaged in the repair of lead-acid batteries
365. A trolley driver and his assistant working on
366. Conductor of freight trains
367. Fireman of steam locomotives in the depot
368. Diesel train driver and his assistant
369. The truck driver and his assistant working on
broad gauge railway lines
370. Engine driver and assistant
371. Diesel locomotive driver and his assistant
372. Traction unit driver and his assistant
373. Electric locomotive driver and his assistant
374. Electric train driver and his assistant
375. Track fitter (if the established norms are exceeded,
permissible loads for women when lifting and moving weights
manually)
376. Porter engaged in the movement of baggage and carry-on baggage
377. Inspector - car repairman
378. Pipe Blower
379. Conductor for escorting goods and special wagons, busy
escorting cargo on open rolling stock
380. Washer for steam locomotive boilers
381. Impregnator of lumber and wood products, employed
impregnated with oil antiseptics
382. Regulator of the speed of movement of wagons
383. Locksmith for the repair of rolling stock, performing
work:
for repairing the headset on steam locomotives when washing them warmly;
in fire and smoke boxes;
for blowing out the bottom and chutes of electric rolling stock and
diesel locomotives with electric transmission;
for disassembly, repair and assembly of drain devices and
safety valves, for inspection and refueling of drain valves
devices in tanks for oil and chemical products
384. Train maker, train maker assistant
385. An electrician of a contact network, employed on
electrified railways work at height
386. Workers loading asbestos waste, constantly
working in the ballast quarry of asbestos wasteXXXI. Automobile transport
Work performed by profession:
387. Car driver working on a bus with a number of
places over 14 (except for those employed at intrafactory, intracity,
suburban transportation and transportation in countryside v
within one day shift, provided that
maintenance and repairing the bus)
388. Car driver working on a car
with a lifting capacity of over 2.5 tons (except for those employed on
intra-factory, intra-city, suburban transportation and
transportation in rural areas within one day shift,
subject to non-involvement in maintenance and performance
truck repair)
389. Car repair mechanic performing manual washing
engine parts of a car running on leaded gasoline
390. Car repair mechanic, engaged in running-in
engine using leaded gasoline
391. Locksmith for fuel equipment employed in motor vehicle services
on the repair of fuel equipment for carburetor engines,
running on leaded gasolineXXXII. Sea transport
392. Coastal Boatswain, Coastal Sailor, Senior Sailor
coastal (except for those working on passenger berths
local and suburban lines)
393. The fireman of the ship and the boiler operator engaged in maintenance
boilers on ships and cranes, regardless of the type
fuel burned in boilers
394. Cranmeister and His Assistant
395. Crane driver (crane operator) employed on a floating crane, and
his assistant
396. Engineer command personnel (mechanics, electromechanics and
others) and the machine team (machinists, minders, electricians,
turners and locksmiths of all types and others) of ships of all types
fleet
397. Deck crew (boatswain, skipper, mate and
sailors of all types) of ships of all types of the fleet, as well as
floating cleaning stations, docks, floating grain loaders,
cement, coal and other dusty goods
398. Workers of complex brigades and loaders engaged in
loading and unloading operations in ports and marinas
399. Crew members of all types of the fleet, combining work on
two positions of deck and engine personnelXXXIII. River transport
Work performed by profession and position:
400. Movers, dockers - machine operators (except dockers -
machine operators, constantly working as crane operators, drivers
intraport transport and workers serving machines and
mechanisms of continuous action on the processing of goods, for
excluding substances belonging to hazard classes 1 and 2)
401. A ship's fireman employed on ships working on solid
fuel
402. Sailors of all types of passenger and
cargo-passenger ships (excluding hydrofoils
and planing boats, as well as vessels operating on intracity and
suburban lines), dredgers, dredgers and mixed vessels
"river - sea" swimming
403. Crane driver (crane operator) employed on a floating crane
404. Machine crew of ships of all types of the fleet, as well as members
crews of ships of all types of the fleet, combining work on two
positions of deck and engine personnelXXXIV. civil Aviation
Work performed by profession and by specific categories
workers:
405. Aviation mechanic (technician) for airframe and engines,
aviation mechanic (technician) for instruments and electrical equipment,
aviation mechanic (technician) for radio equipment, aviation
parachute and rescue technician (mechanic)
means, aviation technician for fuels and lubricants,
engineer engaged directly in maintenance
aircraft (helicopters)
406. Porter engaged in moving baggage and carry-on baggage in
airports
407. Operator filling stations busy refueling
aircraft with leaded gasoline, as well as refueling
special vehicles with leaded gasoline
408. Workers engaged in cleaning and repairing inside fuel
gas turbine aircraft tanks
409. Workers engaged in the preparation of bitumen and repairs takeoff
- landing strips and taxiways (filling seams) at airfieldsXXXV. Connection
410. Operational and technical maintenance
radio equipment and communication equipment at high-rise buildings
(towers, masts) over 10 m high, not equipped with liftsXXXVI. Printing production
Work related to the use of lead alloys
411. Casting operations and finishing stereotype
Work performed by profession:
412. A fitter of printing equipment engaged in
areas of castings of stereotypes, type, typesetting and space
materials
413. Caster
414. StereotypeIntaglio printing workshops
415. Works in the printing department of intaglio printing (except
acceptance and packaging of finished products)
416. Work performed by the etcher of gravure printing platesXXXVII. Production of musical instruments
417. Roughing and cleaning of cast-iron frames for pianos and grand pianos on
abrasive wheels
418. Work carried out by the manufacturer of parts for wind
instruments engaged in the manufacture of parts for brass
instrumentsXXXVIII. Agriculture
419. Performing operations in plant growing, animal husbandry,
poultry and fur farming with the use of pesticides, pesticides
and disinfectants (under the age of 35)
420. Serving bulls - producers, stallions -
producers, boars
421. Loading and unloading animal carcasses, confiscated goods and
pathological material
422. Work in wells, slurry tanks and cisterns,
silos and silage towers
423. Work as tractor drivers - agricultural machinists
production
424. Work as truck drivers
425. Filming of skins from corpses of cattle, horses and
carcass chopping
426. Transportation, loading and unloading of pesticides
427. Manual Drainage TubingXXXIX. Works performed in various
sectors of the economy428. Cleaning, scrubbing and painting works in ship and
railway tanks, ship tanks liquid fuel and
oil tankers, cofferdams, fore and afterpeaks, chain
boxes, double bottoms and inter-hull spaces and other
hard-to-reach places
429. Painting work with white lead,
lead sulfate or other compounds containing these dyes
430. Installation, repair and maintenance of contact networks, as well as
overhead power lines when operating at a height of over 10 m
431. Direct fire fighting
432. Maintenance of floating equipment, dredgers with the implementation
ship rigging
433. Cleaning of containers (tanks, measuring tanks, cisterns, barges and
etc.) from under sulphurous oil, products of its processing and
sulfur-containing petroleum gas
434. Work with metallic mercury in the open state (except
workers employed in installations and semiautomatic devices, where
ensures effective air exchange in the workplace)
435. Composing a mixture of gasoline with ethyl liquid
436. Cleaning of mercury rectifiers
Work performed by profession:
437. Antenna operator - mast
438. Bitumen Cook
439. Snowmobile Driver
440. Diver
441. Gas rescuer
442. Mercury dispenser, busy dispensing open mercury
manually
443. Wood Splitter Busy with Manual Work
444. Boiler repairing hot boilers
445. Boiler Cleaner
446. Lead Painter
manually
447. Painter occupied inside containers painting using
paints and varnishes containing lead, aromatic and
chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as the coloring of large
products in closed chambers with a spray gun using the same
paints and varnishes
448. Crane driver (crane operator), engaged in work at sea
449. Boiler house driver (fireman), busy with maintenance
steam and hot water boilers when loaded manually with a flow rate of
change of solid mineral and peat fuel for one
driver (fireman) exceeding the established norms of maximum
permissible loads for women when lifting and moving weights
manually
450. Paratrooper (paratrooper - firefighter)
451. Workers of the machine crew of floating cranes
452. Grinder busy grinding pitch
453. Repairer of artificial structures
454. Locksmith emergency - restoration work employed on
works on cleaning the sewerage network
455. Rigger engaged in the installation and dismantling of equipment
456. A Cleaner Cleaning Pipes, Furnaces, and Gas DuctsNotes. 1. The employer can decide on
the use of women's labor in jobs (professions, positions),
included in this list, subject to the creation of safe
working conditions confirmed by the results of certification of workers
places, with a positive conclusion of the state examination
working conditions and service of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of the constituent entity of the Russian
Federation.
2. List of positions of managers, specialists and others
workers associated with underground works where
it is permitted, as an exception, the use of female labor:
CEO, director, chief, technical
manager, manager, chief engineer of mines and mines at
mining of coal, ore and nonmetallic minerals by underground method, on
construction of subways, tunnels, mine construction and
mine shafts, construction and construction -
erection departments and buildings and other underground structures,
their deputies and assistants; chief, chief engineer of mining
workshops and sections, their deputies and assistants; senior engineer,
engineer, technician, other managers, specialists and employees, not
performing physical work; engineer, technician, laboratory assistant, others
specialists and employees who do not perform physical work and with
inconsistent stay underground; chief surveyor, senior
mine surveyor, mine surveyor, mine surveyor; chief geologist,
chief hydrogeologist, chief hydrologist, mine geologist, mine,
geologist, mine hydrogeologist, mine, hydrogeologist, hydrologist;
workers serving stationary mechanisms with
automatic start and stop, and not performing other work,
exercise-related; employees taking the course
training and admitted to training in the underground parts of organizations;
employees of scientific and educational institutions,
design and engineering organizations;
doctor, middle and junior medical staff, the barman and
other workers engaged in sanitary and domestic services.
“I just can’t get a job - they don’t take it, because there is Small child", - young mothers complain on various Internet forums and in a circle of friends. Indeed, not all employers are ready to show loyalty to an employee who has a child. But are the prospects for women with children so bleak?
Labor market on the maternity side
First you need to part with the myth that it is very difficult to find a job with a small child. According to a study by the site, only 6% of employers avoid hiring women who are married and have children. It is much more difficult for married women without children - 16% of Russian employers are not happy with them, believing that it will not take even six months for a woman to think about replenishing her family. So arm yourself with optimism and be patient - your situation is not as sad as it is commonly believed.
Fateful choice
First of all, it is worth deciding what you are ready for in order to conquer career heights? It's no secret that for professional growth it is not enough to work eight hours a day in a reputable company. Willingness to be in touch in non-working hours, processing, and possibly business trips - this is what employers expect from specialists who claim career growth and high income. And although the Labor Code is definitely on your side, it is worth weighing the pros and cons before plunging headlong into building a career. It is possible that the feeling of guilt before a child left to grandmothers and nannies will be stronger than job satisfaction and high wages. However, there are many positive examples when an organized mother has time to both the office and Kindergarten.
Option one: full time office
Be that as it may, it is not necessary to look for a job with the ability to quickly career growth... It is also worth a lot to get a job in a reliable company in your specialty. Having decided who will take care of the child in your absence - husband, grandmother, nanny or kindergarten, start looking for work.
To begin with, brush up on your knowledge of the specialty. Most likely, they are somewhat outdated while you were busy with the family. Looking through the vacancy announcements, pay attention to the new requirements for the specialists of your profile. You must have a clear idea of what has changed in your area. Read special literature, communicate in professional communities on the Internet. Refresh your knowledge if necessary foreign languages.
When drawing up your resume in the column "Marital status" indicate that there is someone to look after the child besides you. Such information will put you on a par with other job candidates.
It is important to emphasize two points in the interview. Firstly, despite the forced break from work, you remained a professional - you read specialized periodicals, took advanced training courses, communicate with former colleagues, etc. Secondly, you have reliable assistants in raising your child and you will not have to often take sick leave.
Reduce travel time
You can save two to three hours a day by getting a job near your home. Today, many companies, for financial reasons, prefer to rent an office not in the city center, but in residential areas. Find out which organizations are located in your area and consider employment opportunities with them.
Be sure to include your area of residence on your resume: a candidate living near the office will be considered potentially more loyal to the company... Emphasize this in your interview as well to gain an advantage over other job seekers.
Option two: work from home
If constant separation from your child is not for you, you should go the other way, that is, work at home. Remote work(the specialist is on the staff of the company, but works from home), work with flexible schedule, as well as freelancing - good job options for young mothers. The benefits of these types of employment have been appreciated by many web designers, journalists, programmers and other employees, whose constant presence in the office is not necessary. True, there are also disadvantages of such work - a lower probability of career growth, a lack of professional communication, and in the case of freelancing, also the instability of earnings.
On the Runet, there are many sites for finding freelance and temporary work. Keep in touch with former colleagues, perhaps they will tell you where there is a need to perform one-time work on your profile. Don't forget about legal side question: the volume and timing of the one-time work must be recorded in the contract (work contract or the provision of services), as well as the salary.
Option three: government agency
Organizations in which overtime are not the norm still exist. These are government agencies. For example, many young mothers get a job in the kindergarten that their children attend.
At the interview, answering the question of why you want to get this job, emphasize your professional interest in the vacancy and frankly say that working twelve hours a day is not for you now, but at the same time you are an organized person and manage to cope with professional tasks within regulated working hours.
Most likely, the salary in a state institution will be lower than the market average, but you can leave this job at 5-6 pm, and they will treat periodic sick leave more calmly there.
A little about rights
But whatever form of work a young mother chooses, you need to know that Russian legislation contains many rules designed to protect its interests. So, article 64 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prohibits refusing to employment contract women for reasons related to the presence of children. If this happened to you, you have the right to demand an official written refusal from the employer and appeal it in court.
Working mothers are entitled to half-hour breaks every three hours for feeding a child up to one and a half years (Article 258). At the request of the woman, the feeding time can be summed up and transferred to the beginning or end of the working day, or added to the lunch break.
According to article 259 of the Labor Code, send on business trips, involve overtime work, weekend work and holidays, as well as at night, a woman with a child under three years old is possible only with her written consent.
Today, no one is surprised by a woman driving a bus, a woman crane operator or a woman janitor. It seems women can work as anyone. But in fact, the law prohibits hiring beautiful women to perform many types of work. All of them are enshrined in the decree of the government of the Russian Federation No. 162 dated February 25, 2000. What kind of work in Russia is it forbidden to hire women?
In Russia, it is prohibited to use female labor in heavy, harmful (for example, work with lead) and hazardous (for example, work at height) industries. Women should not work where it is necessary to move or lift heavy objects.
Transport
Women are not actually prohibited from working as bus drivers, but only those with no more than 14. An employer is also not allowed to hire a female driver if the carrying capacity of the car she will drive exceeds 2.5 tons. In fact, and in another case, the exception is intracity and suburban routes, as well as transportation in rural areas.
In sea and river transport, women cannot work as a sailor or boatswain, a stoker or a boiler-room driver, a crane driver or a loader.
As for civil aviation, women are prohibited from working as aeronautical mechanics, porters, and filling station operators.
Metalworking and metallurgy
Representatives of the fairer sex should not be employed in foundries, namely, work as smelters, brewers, pourlers, cupolishers, beaters. Women cannot work as manual gas and electric welders in closed containers and at heights. They shouldn't be doing self made associated with pressing (for example, to hold the position of a chaser), as well as to perform locksmith and assembly work, if they are associated with vibration (for example, a pneumatic drill), cannot be engaged in setting up equipment in hot-rolling, pickling and enameling shops. For women, most of the work related to lead is prohibited.
Construction, installation and repair work
As already mentioned, hard work is contraindicated for women, and therefore they should not be employed in manual work. This, for example, uprooting stumps, dismantling buildings and structures, punching holes in various structures. Women cannot work as drivers of motor graders, concrete pumping and bitumen-smelting plants, bulldozers, mixers and asphalt concrete pavers, excavators (single-bucket and rotary), as well as antenna operators and structural installers, employed on high. It turns out that the fairer sex cannot even work as carpenters and plumbers who are involved in the repair of sewer networks.
Agriculture
In this industry, women under 35 years old are prohibited from holding positions related to the use of pesticides and other harmful substances, as well as servicing animal producers, loading and unloading animal carcasses and pesticides, slaughtering livestock, shooting skins and cutting carcasses. Women are not allowed to work as tractor drivers and truck drivers.
In the forestry industry, it is forbidden to take the fairer sex to the positions of a feller, lumberjack, choker, rafter, rigger and raft shaper.
Many specialties are closed to women in the chemical industry and in the mining industry.
However, there is a proviso in the law: if the employer is able to create safe working conditions, which will be confirmed by the results of certification, then he has the right to take on any of the listed positions a representative of the fair sex.
The Ministry of Labor will revise and shorten the list of specialties to which women citizens of the Russian Federation are not allowed. What professions can you find on this list?
Since childhood, Masha dreamed of becoming a captain of a sea liner. The plastic steering wheel in the baby's hands turned into the steering wheel of the ship, and through old binoculars, inquisitive children's eyes saw the shores of distant unexplored lands. The adults told Masha that her dream was impossible: “a girl on the ship means to be in trouble”, and this is not a woman's business at all, only a man can cope with such a hard and responsible job. But Masha did not give up. She lives in Russia, where people are equal and can hold any position regardless of gender. She entered the naval school (on the third attempt, because in the previous two "girls are not taken"), she studied brilliantly and had an internship at sea. Teachers, at first constantly sighing with sadness about her difficult life and unborn children, have long ceased to perceive her only as a “girl”. The captain praised and called to work with him after graduation. Masha passed her final state exams, received a red diploma, came to her captain ... And ran into the familiar from childhood "we don't take girls." The law prohibits. The captain would be happy to help, ask for Masha, but things are too busy, soon the next flight, and so they tortured him with checks, another one - an additional one, for Masha's sake - he will not survive. So forgive me, Masha, this is not a woman's business. Do something else.
Fortunately, Masha from our history does not exist, so there is no need to worry about her future fate. But the problem she faced is real. A woman in Russia really cannot be engaged in maritime professions, because they are included in a special List of professions, the path to which is closed for women.
This list was compiled back in 1974 by the Soviet government and adopted by the Russian Federation on February 25, 2000 (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 162). It contains 456 titles for "heavy work and work with harmful or hazardous working conditions, during which the use of women's labor is prohibited." It didn't seem to you. The list does not “strongly recommend”, leaving it to the employee and his employer the right and the opportunity to independently decide whether they are willing to take the risk. It is he who “forbids” the use of female labor in these specialties. With the help of such radical measures, the state takes care of the preservation of the reproductive functions of the woman's body, because hard work can negatively affect the ability to bear a healthy child. At the same time, there is no evidence of harm to an exclusively female body in any position of this list: most of the professions on the list are equally dangerous for both women and men. However, the work ban only applies to women.
And in the neighboring European Union, for example, a woman is not so worried about. Europeans are successfully mastering professions that were previously considered purely male, and it seems they are not going to degenerate. Certain professions in Europe have become so gender neutral that human rights defenders have stopped collecting statistics on the employment of women in the industry. No one will be surprised by a woman driving an excavator, for example.
But Russia and Europe began to fight discrimination against women at the same time, when they ratified the so-called. UN "Women's Convention" ("Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women"). The document came into force in 1981 and calls for seeking not only gender neutral attitude towards men and women, but, if necessary, take measures to change existing laws, customs and traditions that prevent the elimination of any forms of discrimination. The Convention pays significant attention to the problem of gender equality in the field of employment, and any non-compliance with the provisions of the Convention calls discrimination on the basis of sex.
At the moment, the Convention has been ratified by 189 countries, including the Russian Federation. Her positions are reinforced by others state documents, for example, the Constitution and Labor Code RF. And yet, under equal conditions for the implementation of the provisions of the Convention for all countries that have signed it, Russia still has a List of Prohibited Professions, which the Ministry of Labor is not yet ready to abolish.
Here are just some of the professions available, for example, to EU citizens, but closed to women in the Russian Federation:
- A carpenter. In Russia, women are prohibited from working as a carpenter in construction, assembly and repair works. construction works, while in Europe there is not even data on how many women are employed in this area.
- Slaughterhouse. What many women in the villages are doing cannot be their place. official work... According to the Ministry of Labor, a woman cannot lift more than 10 kg per hour. It is worth noting that 10 kg is the weight of a two-year-old child, the number of lifts of which by the mother at home is state level not regulated in any way.
- Regular bus driver. In Russia, a woman has the right to work only on a bus running within the city and with a capacity of no more than 14 people. Intercity buses are still closed for women.
- Truck driver and construction equipment driver. Even the presence of the rights of the corresponding category will not save. In Russia, a woman can become a truck driver only if she has a lot of experience (often semi-legal).
- It is not easy for women in Russia to break into the military profession. Formally, there are no gender restrictions in the army: women in Russia can serve on the same conditions as men. True, the first tankers of the Russian Federation, for example, began to be trained in the Amur region only in 2013, before that women were only allowed to occupy non-combat specialties: signalmen, medical personnel, and junior management personnel. It's amazing to meet this in the country that gave birth to the world famous Night Witches. However, the law of modern Russia does not initially imply a gender division of military personnel, therefore special conditions(sanitary, for example) necessary for women, he does not take into account. In addition, in the army there is a priority of offering vacancies to male applicants. A vacancy will be offered to a female candidate only after a male candidate has rejected it. In Europe, they started talking about serving women on equal terms with men during the First World War, but, unlike Soviet Union, left the girls the right to serve on a voluntary basis, to master the specialties they wanted and to take part in hostilities. Girls in Europe can be, for example, tankers, sappers or snipers.
- The situation is even more complicated for the women sailors already mentioned. Maritime schools and river technical schools accept all suitable applicants, regardless of gender, but they do not warn that after graduation it will be more difficult (if not almost impossible) for girls to take a position in accordance with their qualifications. Exactly trade union seamen began to seek a revision of the List of Prohibited Professions. Russian woman Svetlana Medvedeva, when she, referring to the state list, was denied the position of a minder-helmsman, turned to the UN for help. The commission considered Svetlana's case discrimination, but the courts of the Russian Federation ignored this decision, stating that it "is not binding on Russia."
However, women-captains still exist in the Russian fleet, but the attitude towards them leaves much to be desired. This is how the sea captain Tatyana Sukhanova told the Meduza portal about her situation: home country... Even my friend from Arkhangelsk, the sea-going captain Yekaterina Nemirova, as well as the famous captain Lyudmila Tibryaeva and female senior officers note that on Far East male colleagues treat them incomparably harder. Some are just trying to frame them.<…>If foreign companies who represent these crewing, learned that the captain is not hired just because she is a woman, they would have lost their licenses. "
- But with the profession of a firefighter, difficulties arise even among Europeans. There are no official restrictions on working in this profession for women in the EU, but in practice, women firefighters are still very rare. In Sweden, for example, they are only 0.6% of all firefighters in the country. At the same time, many male firefighters noted in the polls that they would not want women to work with them, as this would "violate the atmosphere of brotherhood that helps them to work harmoniously." Perhaps one can rejoice for Australia, where girls are actively recruited as volunteers to extinguish forest fires. The ceiling of a career in the Ministry of Emergency Situations for a citizen of the Russian Federation will be the position of a dispatcher. She will not be allowed to save people and put out the fire.
- It is best illustrated by the regression of the observance of women's rights in Russia by the ban on the work of a typist on the subway and electric trains. Women were allowed to operate the rolling stock of the subway during the Great Patriotic War due to the lack of male machinists in the city, and successfully coped with their profession until Perestroika itself. There were even special women's brigades in the metro. But in the eighties, the USSR government decided that only a man could drive an electric train, and women began to slowly survive from the subway. Now women are prohibited not only from driving a train, they cannot even hold the position of an assistant driver. The last woman driver in Russia was an employee of the Moscow metro, Natalya Vladimirovna Kornienko, who retired just a couple of years ago. Today, there are no female typists on the subway.
But European statistics show that the number of women running trains has only increased over the years. The slow growth is explained not by discrimination, but by the peculiarities of the profession: many machinists chose their specialty, following in the footsteps of their fathers, and are very reluctant to leave their places. According to forecasts, with the development transport system the number of women in the industry will only grow.
A complete list of professions can be found in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 162. The list includes specialties in which brute strength is needed (the girl, according to the Ministry of Labor, does not have sufficient physical abilities to work in logging), and in which there is a need to constantly keep in mind large volume instructional provisions while constantly monitoring the current situation (it is for this reason that a woman cannot be an electric train driver).
But working conditions have changed long ago. Special equipment allows you to make a minimum of physical effort in construction work, security measures have long stopped all kinds of leaks of chemicals that are dangerous for the "female reproductive function", and numerous studies have proven that memory and analytical abilities of the brain do not depend on the sex of its owner. However, the Ministry of Labor agreed only to revise and, possibly, reduce the list of prohibited professions. Give it up completely despite successful overseas experience, the authorities are not ready "at the conceptual level." So the Russian woman Masha, unlike her French friend Marie, will have to fight for a long time for the opportunity to lead her ship to distant shores.
It might be helpful to read:
- Survivors: what will happen in the new year in the labor market;
- Hotline for non-payment of salaries;
- Analysis of the Russian labor market;
- Labor protection instructions for administrative personnel and specialists (office workers);
- What is charity;
- How to find out about a scheduled inspection of my business;
- Office safety: key points;
- "Hot line" on non-payment of wages to the prosecutor's office will bring;