Why serves a pipette. Rules of work with a measuring dishes when conducting analytical measurements. Concept and types of pipettes

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The meaning of the word Pipette

pipette in the crosswordist dictionary

Dictionary of medical terms

pipette (Franz. Pipette)

device for measuring a certain volume of liquid or gas;

glass tube, narrowed from one end, intended for measuring liquid with drops.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

pipette

pipettes, g. (FR. Pipett - tube) (special). A narrow glass tube with a rubber tip for gaining, drawing a small amount of fluid and reverse release by its drops. Pipette for eye drops. Pipette for ink (Kraya serves to pour ink in the eternal feather).

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. IGOV, N.Yu.Shvedova.

pipette

And, g. A glass tube with a rubber cap for measuring liquid drops, dropper (in 3 meanings). P. For eye drops. Put pipette.

arr. Pipette ,y ,y.

A new intelligent-word-formational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

pipette

g. A small glass tube with a rubber tip for gaining, pulling fluid and release it with drops.

Wikipedia

Pipette

Pipette - a measuring or dosing vessel, which is a tube, or a container with a tube having an end with a small hole to limit the flow rate of the fluid.

A variety of pipettes are widely used to measure the exact volumes of liquids or gases, in medicine, chemistry and biology, and especially widely in analytical chemistry and biochemistry.

Examples of the use of the word pipette in the literature.

On porcelain, wooden, glass and silver tables with wooden tripods, holders, test tubes, conical flasks, allehi, retorts, cylinders, agate mortars, porcelain tigli from the royal plant in Sevra, crystallizers ordered by the lavanise drawings of the Venetian glass plant on the island of Murano , graded pipettes, Menzuras, burettes, cuvettes - all this fantastic glass world, by the will of a scientist who coming on a missing nature, breaking her secretive, burned and sparkled in the sun of the Parisian evening, shimmering with colored lights, rainbow game of a sunny beam, such a simple and white, with the joy of disintegiving For a thousand colored overflows in Antoine laboratory, Lavoisier as if in order to upstairs, where the Madame benefits reigns, turn into a strict, white and colorless, even as if it became stingy, sunlight.

The first-aid kit must be: dressings - cotton wool, bandages, sterile gauze wipes, mustard pieces, thermometer, paper compressable paraffin, cup for taking medication, eye pipette, attacks.

Donuts rebuilt into a solid arc, from which a soloist, a lobster of senior spoke for two steps ahead researcher from the department of phosphorodorganic connections: my chef looks without quit, how the test tubes are washed, because he applies on the couch pipette.

When Oscar rose from the table, Maisner said a doctor who had a crap from pipettes Medicine in a glass: - Go.

TO pipette, tube, spoon and stirrer - tools allowing the perfume to master the complex mixing process, the Grenuy did not touch never.

Tolstyak S. pipetteAs long as Nuri traded, stood aside and observed with obvious pleasure.

At the request of Kibera, Jafar Capped from pipettes On the removed cover, and the spider, then I left the tip of the manipulator into the puddle, carrying the lubricant droplet inside the mechanism.

After a quarter of an hour, Jafar returned with pipette And generously watered the manipulators, hoping that the lubricant would hit where necessary.

Plastic pipette I was kept in my shoe, the English pin of the crowd in the belt.

To find out this, to him, Baldini, would have to experiment for several days in a row - terrible work, perhaps, even worse than the simple identification of parts, because it was necessary to measure, and weigh, and write down, and at the same time be the devilish attentive, for the slightest negligence - yeast pipettes, Error in the account of the drop - could take everything.

IN pipette There was a transfusive thin blood film, and the white paper collar is all soaked with her like a bandage.

I just want to draw the attention of readers to the fact that the investigative bodies considered it necessary to ask formerly employees of the transshipment about the poison and pipette, on the actions of the criminal, his age and signs.

Then calm and at the same time quick movements shot with a small shelf and brought the necessary utensils for experience: a large puzzy dairy bottle, a glass funnel, pipette, Little and big Menzurki - and in samples there is still all this in front of him on the oak lid.

Then, not in a hurry, took pipette - such a glass tube, with a small rubber cap at the end that eyes usually bury.

I ran up to the closet, grabbed a bubble with drops, pipette And started the most important operation of this day.

Traditionally, pipettes made from glass, recently a variety of polymeric materials are increasingly used.

Medical pipettes

The most common pipettes for infusion of drugs in the form of droplets (in the eyes, into the nose or ears) are the most common. Such pipettes consist of a glass tube segment, one of the ends of the tube, highly melted or drawn, has a small hole, and the other is closed with a flexible rubber (or polymer) capacity (tube, ball) and is designed to fence fluid into the pipette by suction by suction.

In medical microbiology there is also a special device - a Pasteur pipette (Pipette Pipette).

Measuring pipettes for chemical and biochemical studies

Most often it is a glass vessel used for accurate measurement (dosing) of fluid volume.

We produce various types of measuring pipettes for a variety of purposes, with different grades of accuracy and different volumes.

Traditional glass pipettes for analytical chemistry produce two types:

merper Pipette Mora (non-pubed), to the specified volume (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 ml, etc.) Mora pipette has one circular label at the top and are designed to select liquids of a certain amount. Such pipettes usually provide a smaller measurement error than graded. GOST 29169-91 determines the permissible errors of pipettes. The error depends on the measured volume, so a pipette with a capacity of 25 ml has a permissible measurement error of 25 ± 0.06 ml.
graduated (Usually cylindrical, 1, 2, 10 ml, etc.) for example, 5 ml pipettes are usually graded by 0.5 ml. Graduated pipettes allow us to measure the volume usually with an accuracy of ± 0.1 or 0.2 ml.

Pipettes Mora with one label is sometimes called aliquot pipettes.

Gas pipettes

Special pipettes

Rules for using glass pipettes

Pipettes are calibrated on free leakage of the liquid. You should not blow out or quickly squeeze the liquid - in the first case, an excess volume will be released from a pipette, which should remain in its spout due to the capillary forces, and in the second case, due to the effect of flowing, the volume of fluid flowing will be less than the standard.

Pipette Calibration and Dosing Precision

Large manufacturers

Rainin.

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Pipette

In the movement of the Russian army from Tarutin to Red, left fifty thousand sick and backward, that is, the number equal to the population of the Big provincial city. Half of people dropped out of the army without battles.
And about this, the period of the campaign, when troops without boots and fur coats, with incomplete channel, without vodka, spend the night in the snow and at fifteen degrees of frost; When the day is only seven and eight hours, and the rest of the night, during which there can be no effect of discipline; When, not as in the battle, for several hours only people are introduced into the area of \u200b\u200bdeath, where there is no discipline, and when people live for months, fighting every minute with death from hunger and cold; As a month, half of the army dies, - the period of the campaign is told to us by historians, as Miloradovich should have made the flank march there, and brands there, and how Chichagi had to move back there (move the knees in the snow), and as he tilted and cut off, etc., etc.
The Russians, who had half, did everything that could be done and should have done to achieve the decent people of the goal, and are not to blame for the fact that other Russian people who were sitting in warm rooms were supposed to do what was impossible.
All this is a strange, incomprehensible now the contradiction of the fact with the description of the story occurs only because historians who wrote about this event wrote the story of the beautiful feelings and words of different generals, and not the history of events.
For them, it seems very entertaining the words of Miloradovich, the awards that received this general, and their assumptions; And the question of those fifty thousand who remained at hospitals and graves, do not even interest them, because they are not subject to study.
Meanwhile, it is worth only to turn away from the study of reports and general Plans, And in the movement of those hundreds of thousands of people who have taken direct, direct participation in the event, and all that seemed to be unresolved, the questions suddenly with extraordinary ease and simplicity receive a certain permission.
The purpose of Napoleon's cutting with the army never existed, except in the imagination of a dozen people. She could not exist, because she was meaningless, and it was impossible to achieve it.
The purpose of the people was alone: \u200b\u200bClean his land from invasion. This goal was achieved, firstly, herself, because the French fled, and therefore should only stop this movement. Secondly, this goal was achieved by the actions of the People's War, which destroyed the French, and, thirdly, the fact that the large Russian army was followed by the French, ready to use force in the event of a stop of the French movement.
The Russian army was supposed to act like a whip on the running animal. And the experienced driveman knew that the most profitable to keep the twisted raised, threatening them, and not on the head it was a running animal.

When a person sees a dying animal, horror covers him: the fact that he himself is, - the essence of him, in his eyes is obviously destroyed - ceases to be. But when the dying there is a person, and a loved one is felt, then, besides horror before the destruction of life, a gap and a spiritual wound is felt, which, as well as the wound physical, sometimes kills, sometimes heels, but always hurts and is afraid of an external annoying touch.
After the death of Prince Andrei Natasha and Princess Marya equally felt it. They morally bent and clogged from the Terrible, who hung over them to death, did not dare to look into the face of life. They carefully shocted their open wounds from offensive, painful touches. All: Quickly driving the crew on the street, reminder of the dinner, the girl's question about the dress that must be prepared; Even worse, the word of insincere, weak participation is painfully annoyed to the wound, it seemed an insult and disrupted the necessary silence in which they both tried to listen to the unlucky in their imagination to terrible, strict chorus, and bothered to peer into those mysterious endless Dali, who opened In front of them.
Only together they were not offensive and not hurt. They talked little among themselves. If they said, then about the most minor subjects. And the one and the other equally avoided the mention of something related to the future.
Acknowledge the possibility of the future seemed to be an insult to his memory. Even more careful, they went around in their conversations all that could be related to the deceased. It seemed to them that the fact that they survived and perspired could not be expressed by the words. It seemed to them that any mention of the words about the details of his life violated the greatness and the shrine of the sacraments committed in their eyes.
Incessant abstinence of speech, a permanent diligent seal of everything that could bring to the Word about him: these stops from different sides on the border of what could not be said, even cleaned more clearly before their imagination what they felt.

But clean, complete sadness is also impossible as pure and complete joy. Princess Marya, in his position one independent hostess of his fate, guardian and teacher of the nephew, the first was caused by life from that world of sadness in which she lived the first two weeks. She received letters from their relatives to which it was necessary to answer; The room in which Nikolyak was placed was cheese, and he began to cough. Alpatych came to Yaroslavl with reports of affairs and with suggestions and advice to move to Moscow to an extensive house, which remained intact and demanded only small fixings. Life did not stop, and it was necessary to live. No matter how hard it was the princess Marya to get out of that world of a secluded contemplation, in which she still lived, no matter how sorry and it was as if it was consistent to leave Natasha alone, - the care of life demanded her participation, and she was involuntarily given to them. She tried the scores with Alpathić, consulted with the desoll about the nephew and made orders and prepare for his move to Moscow.

When carrying out volume and analytical measurements in tutrimetry, special measuring dishes applies: measuring flasks, pipettes, burettes, measuring cylinders and test tubes. Work with it requires certain skills and skills. To obtain the right results in the surround analysis, all operations must be performed very carefully, the utensils used should be clean and comply with the objectives and tasks of the measurements.

Volumetric flasks

Measuring flasks - this thin-walled flat-bottomed round vessels with a long narrow neck, on which a label is applied in the form of a thin ring line. They are of different capacity: from 25 ml to 2 l (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Measuring flasks

The measuring flasks are designed to prepare solutions of exact concentration (i.e. standard solutions), as well as for diluting already existing solutions to the specified volumes.

Dry sakes (including the contents of fixanals) or an existing solution (when diluted) are made in a measuring flask through a funnel, flushing the residue from the funnel (and rinsing the foxanal ampoule) by distilled water (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Cooking the working solution from fixanal

Distilled water is added to the dissolution of the substance in the flask (about half of its volume). By rotational movements, the contents of the flask are thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous solution is formed. After that, the next portion of water is added through the funnel until the fluid level becomes below the circular tag on the neck of the flasks by 3-5 mm. Then the remaining part of the water is added dropwise and bring the volume of the solution accurately up to the label. To correctly measure the volume of fluid in a measuring flask (and in another measuring dishes), it is necessary that the eye of the observer and the circular label on its neck were in the same horizontal plane (Fig. 5).

Fig. 5. Counting of the level of fluid in the vessel with different positions of the eye 2 - the correct position of the eye, 1, 3 - incorrect

The volume of transparent liquids is measured along the lower edge of their meniscus (which must coincide with the circular label of the flask), and intensively painted (for example, KMNO 4 solution) - on top.

Store the resulting solution in the measuring flask is not recommended. After cooking, it must be transferred to the glass vessel designed for these purposes, equipped with a well-proper glass cork.

Pipettes

Pipettes are designed to select small, precisely measured fluid volumes, and transfer them from one vessel to another. Distinguish pipettes Mora, graduated pipettes and automatic pipettes, called otherwise pipette dispensers(Fig. 6, 10).

Fig. 6. Pipettes: but- simple (Mora pipette); B - graduated.

Pipettes Mora They are a glass tube with a drawn nose and with an extension in the middle part. They are intended for selection of a strictly defined liquid volume, which is indicated on one of the extension walls.

Graduated pipettes designed to measure various small fluid volumes using a scale applied to their wall. They also constitute glass tubes with a drawn nose.

To select a pipette of Mora and a graded pipette of the required volume of fluid and transfer it to another vessel, they are applied as follows:

1. On the neck of the pipette, the rubber pear is planted, compress it to proper air removal. Then the pipette is placed in a vessel with a selected solution (as deep as possible, right up to the tapping of the pipette of the bottom of the vessel), release the pear and are waiting for the level of the liquid in the pipette will not rise by 3-4 cm above the upper zero mark.

2. Remove the pear. Quickly close the upper part of the pipette (or her neck) index finger and, holding the pipette itself with large and middle fingers, quickly get it out of a solution with a solution (Fig. 7).

Fig. 7. As it should be (but),and not follow (b)hold a pipette

Holding a pipette vertically above the surface of the solution, weaken the pressure of the index finger on its neck, so that the liquid slowly falls from the nose of the pipette to the solution until the lower part of its meniscus (or the top, if the solution is intensively painted) does not compare to the top zero label on the pipette wall. After that, push on the neck of pipettes is rapidly enhanced to the complete cessation of the expiration of the fluid (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8. Position of pipette when maneysk at the line level

To remove the drop of the liquid remaining on the outside of the nose of the pipette, they relate to the inner wall of the vessel with the selected solution.

3. Pipette is transferred to another vessel (most often in the titration flask) and, weakening the pressure of the index finger, give out of it to the desired volume of the fluid (Fig. 9).

Fig. 9. Putting a solution from a pipette

Recently, more and more widely applied pipette dispensers or automatic pipettes. These are special devices that allow you to accurately select the desired volume of fluid from the solution using a simple pressing of the push button located in their upper part (Fig. 10).

Fig. 10. Pipette dispenser

The variable liquid variable required for the selection is installed using a digital display located on the handle of the pipette. Before working with a pipette dispenser, you must carefully read the instructions for operation. These devices are more convenient compared to mara pipettes and graded pipettes, they allow you to quickly carry out the selection of the specified fluid volume and have to date be prevalent in the daily practice of scientific and research laboratories. The only disadvantage of pipette dispensers is their much higher cost compared to conventional glass pipettes.