Presentation on the topic all about chemical fertilizers. Presentation for the lesson "mineral fertilizers". Better absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium due to boron

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Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH)

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Mining of phosphorites in the Voskresensky district

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Phosphorus fertilizers. eleven

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OAO Resurrection Mineral Fertilizers.

"White Mountain" in the vicinity of Voskresensk. The mountain is a waste of the Voskresensky chemical plant. Over the years, the plant has piled up a pile 80 meters high and about 700 meters in diameter. Even at the entrances to Voskresensk, it is clearly visible. Building plaster can be made from this material, but ... 12

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KCI-potassium chlorideIn nature in the form of the mineral sylvinite (КCI + NaCI) It was salt - "permyanka" along with valuable furs that constituted the main source of income for the "Lord of Veliky Novgorod". Salt was the basis of the wealth of the Stroganovs, Golitsyns, Shakhovskys. Perm salt - "Permyanka" - was traded not only in Russia, but also in other European countries.

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potassium fertilizers. fourteen

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Salt dumps in Solikamsk

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The main source of raw materials is natural and coke oven gas. Metallurgical plants are also suppliers of raw materials. 16

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Mineral Fertilizers

Justus Liebig (1803-1873) - the largest German chemist, one of the founders of agronomic chemistry. In 1840, Liebig published his book Organic Chemistry as Applied to Agriculture and Physiology, which played a huge role in agronomy. In it, Liebig brilliantly summarized all the chemical knowledge accumulated by that time about the laws of plant nutrition and outlined a new theory of mineral nutrition for plants.

Nutrients and their role in plant life. Nitrogen N The main nutrient for all plants: without nitrogen, the formation of proteins and many vitamins, especially B vitamins, is impossible. A lack of nitrogen affects plant growth first of all: the growth of side shoots is weakened, leaves, stems and fruits are smaller.

Phosphorus R Accelerates the development of plants, stimulates flowering and fruiting, favors the intensive growth of the root system. With a lack of phosphorus, growth is inhibited (especially in young plants), short and thin shoots, small, prematurely falling leaves. Phosphorus deficiency symptoms on tomato leaves.

Potassium K Accelerates the process of photosynthesis, maintains the necessary water regime in plants, reduces the susceptibility to diseases, promotes metabolism and the formation of carbohydrates - the accumulation of starch in potato tubers, sucrose in sugar beet, increases drought resistance and frost resistance of plants. A lack of potassium usually causes a delay in growth, as well as the development of buds or rudimentary inflorescences. Yellowing and dying of the tips of the leaves are signs of a lack of potassium.

Chlorosis on the edges of poinsettia leaves is a sign of magnesium deficiency. Damaged upper leaves of the plant reflect calcium deficiency. Yellowed upper cabbage leaves are a sign of sulfur deficiency. Chlorosis on the upper leaves of the plant is a sign of iron deficiency. Small and twisted young tobacco leaves are a sign of boron deficiency.

Pinpoint chlorosis of cherry leaves is a sign of manganese deficiency. The disappearance of turgor in tomato leaves indicates a lack of copper. Shortened lemon shoots with small leaves indicate a lack of zinc. Pale green cucumber leaves with marginal necrosis are a sign of molybdenum deficiency.

these are substances containing three nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium - and capable of dissociating into ions in the soil solution. Mineral fertilizers -

Fertilizers Simple Complex nitrogen phosphorus potassium complex mixed Fertilizer classification

Permissible daily intake of nitrates for an adult: human - 5 mg/kg. With excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil, nitrate and nitrite ions accumulate in excess in it. environmental consequences associated with the use of mineral fertilizers Under the influence of a large dose of nitrates, acute poisoning is observed (allergic pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, pain in the heart, cough, vomiting, etc.). The lethal dose is 8-15 g.

PO 4 3- , NO 3 - , K + Overgrowth of lakes Fish death

Describe the role of the main nutrients (N, P, K) in plant life. 2. What substances are used as mineral fertilizers? 3. Is it possible to believe the signs on the vegetable counters of the markets "Products without nitrates"? Give an explanation. 4. In your opinion, is it advisable to use ammonium sulfate while simultaneously liming the soil? Explain the answer, make a reaction equation. Control questions

Thank you for the lesson!

Without fertilizers, especially in the non-chernozem zone, it is impossible to grow crops. They require constant application to the soil. It is very important to comply with the norms and show an ecological culture in the use of fertilizers. The production of mineral fertilizers is the most important task chemical industry. It is especially important to improve the quality of fertilizers, to increase the share of concentrated, complex, granular fertilizers. conclusions

Where do plants get the elements they need? Where do plants get the elements they need? Where does carbon come from in a plant? Where does carbon come from in a plant? Where can a plant get oxygen and hydrogen from? Where can a plant get oxygen and hydrogen from? What is the source of nitrogen for plants? What is the source of nitrogen for plants?

German chemist, academician. One of the founders of agrochemistry. In 1840 he proposed the theory of mineral nutrition of plants. Based on numerous analyzes, he found that each plant needs 10 elements for normal life: C, H, O, N, Ca, K, P, S, Mg, and Fe. He also established that the most important of these elements are three - N, K, P. J. Liebig)

Working hypothesis: Having obtained data on the classification of mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to investigate their composition and properties. Having obtained data on the classification of mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to investigate their composition and properties, learn to recognize samples of the most important fertilizers; learn to recognize samples of the most important fertilizers; find out what effect mineral fertilizers have on plant nutrition. find out what effect mineral fertilizers have on plant nutrition.

Chemical experiment (frontal work) Investigation of mineral fertilizers Substance X: white granules, easily sublimate when heated, dissolve in water, and when a few drops of barium chloride solution are added to the solution, a white precipitate forms; when the granules are dissolved in alkali and heated, a gas with a pungent odor is formed, which changes the color of wet litmus paper from red to blue. Substance X: white granules, easily sublimated when heated, soluble in water, and when a few drops of barium chloride solution are added to the solution, a white precipitate forms; when the granules are dissolved in alkali and heated, a gas with a pungent odor is formed, which changes the color of wet litmus paper from red to blue. Substance Y: gray granules, insoluble in water; adding a few drops of silver nitrate solution produces a yellow precipitate; paints the flame brick red. When potassium carbonate is added, a white precipitate forms. Substance Y: gray granules, insoluble in water; adding a few drops of silver nitrate solution produces a yellow precipitate; paints the flame brick red. When potassium carbonate was added, a white precipitate formed.

Task for group 1 “Unlucky farmer” In late autumn, having plowed up the land, the farmer decided what is called killing two birds with one stone: lime the areas with acidic soil and fertilize it with superphosphate (still believed that chemistry is indispensable). However, in the spring it turned out that the desired effect was not achieved. Why?

Task for group 2 “Experienced neighbor” An experienced neighbor, taking pity on the young farmer, suggested that he correct the mistake by introducing a well-soluble fertilizer containing phosphorus into the soil. He forgot its name, but brought a neat record of the results of the analysis (%): Nitrogen - 12.2, Hydrogen - 5.5, Phosphorus - 27.0, Oxygen - 55.6. What is this substance?

Help to the farmer Given: Solution: W(N) = 12.2% The ratio of elements in the substance W(H) = 5.5% NN: H: P: O = W(P) = 27.0% 12.2/14 : 5.5 / 1: 27.0 / 31: 55.6 / 16 \u003d W (O) \u003d 55.6% 0.87: 5.5: 0.87: 3.47 \u003d ______________ 1: 6: 1 :4 Formula? NH6PO4 or NH4 H2PO4 Answer: NH4 H2PO4 - ammonium dihydroorthophosphate

Task for group 3 “Young gardener” A young gardener needs to add mineral fertilizer to the soil, but neither the name nor its formula has been preserved on the package. Fortunately, the following record has been preserved: nitrogen 12.2%, hydrogen 5.5%, phosphorus 27.0%, oxygen 55.6%. Will the gardener be able to determine this substance from the indicated data? A young gardener needs to add mineral fertilizer to the soil, but neither the name nor its formula has been preserved on the package. Fortunately, the following record has been preserved: nitrogen 12.2%, hydrogen 5.5%, phosphorus 27.0%, oxygen 55.6%. Will the gardener be able to determine this substance from the indicated data?

Task for group 4 "Chemical production" Today, the chemical industry creates new formulations of fertilizers with improved qualities. These are superphosphate, ammophos, sylvinite and others. To obtain soil-soluble superphosphate, natural phosphate is reduced with coal: The reaction product, double superphosphate (Ca (H2PO4) 2), is so named because of the process, which takes place in two stages, and it also contains about 50% P2O5, and simple contains 20 %. Make a chain of transformations from natural phosphate to double superphosphate. Write down the reaction equations.

Answer: Ca3(PO4)2 P P2O5 H3PO4 Ca(H2PO4)2 1.Ca3(PO4)2 + 5C + 3 SiO2 = 2P + 5CO + 3 CaSiO3 1.Ca3(PO4)2 + 5C + 3 SiO2 = 2P + 5CO + 3 CaSiO3 2.4P + 5O2 = 2P2O5 2.4P + 5O2 = 2P2O5 3.P2O5 + 3H2O = 2H3PO4 3.P2O5 + 3H2O = 2H3PO4 4.Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H3PO4 = 3Ca(H2PO4)2 4.Ca3(PO4) 2 + 4H3PO4 = 3Ca(H2PO4)2

The impact of increased amounts of nitrates and their derivatives on the human body -NO 3 The human body Methemoglobin formation Violation of the functions of enzyme systems Effects on the functions of the central nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, metabolism Violation of the immune status Concergenic effect of nitrosamines formed in the body Decreased body resistance to the action of carcinogenic, mutagenic and other factors

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