What group of industries does the food industry belong to? The structure of the food industry, characteristics of the largest industries. The main costs of the food industry

The main purpose of this industry is food production.

The development of the food industry makes it possible to compensate for the existing differences in the supply of food to the population of different regions of the country. After all, not every region has the same natural conditions.

Food canned food, concentrates, frozen vegetables and fruits are not subject to spoilage during their transportation. In addition, they can be stored for quite a long period of time.

food industry closely related to the development of agriculture. It is closely interconnected with it, as it receives various raw materials from it: meat, milk, grain, seafood, fruits, vegetables. This industry is part of the agro-industrial complex.

Food industry categories

Depending on the nature of the raw materials used, industries are classified into two main groups. The first group includes those industries that use raw materials. It includes: cereals, tea, sugar, butter, fish and canned food. The second group includes industries whose raw materials have already been processed. This is a confectionery, tea-packing, bakery, pasta.

food industry found everywhere where people live. This is what contributes to the widespread use of raw materials and the constant consumption of food products. But in this type of industry there are certain patterns. And the placement of enterprises in this industry is based on taking into account their specific features. Those industries that process raw materials that are not subject to processing, as well as perishable, are placed in the area of ​​their consumption. This includes fish, dairy, wine, canning and other enterprises.

Development of the food industry

Due to the presence of consumers of food industry products and the variety of raw materials, enterprises in this industry are growing rapidly. Their development is also facilitated by modern innovative technologies that allow the creation of advanced high-quality equipment, without which this industry cannot function effectively. This includes whole production lines, which execute a number of processes in a pipelined sequence. Most of them are fully automated.

Also, in food production, bottling, refrigeration, confectionery, bakery, canning, meat, milk and fish processing equipment are used. You can't do without special packaging equipment, which allows you to get a beautiful, presentable, reliable and high-quality final product.

In addition, the food industry is the most demanding industry. Strict sanitary and hygienic standards that are present in the industry are also applied to electrical components. There are a number of such requirements.

The requirements for cable and wire products used in this activity are similar to those for packaging plants. They must be resistant to various thermal, chemical and physical influences. This is due to the fact that they are widely used in freezers, in a humid environment, etc., and they must perform their functions under any operating conditions.

The hygiene of the production itself is always in the first place when it comes to food. As a result, resistance to alkaline and chemical industrial cleaning agents is of particular importance here.

Food industry companies at the exhibition

The Agroprodmash exhibition will allow you to learn about new trends in the food industry, what equipment is most effective to use, what ingredients to use and much more. It will be interesting to everyone without exception.

This event will be held at the Expocentre Fairgrounds. This complex is located in the very center of the capital, so no one will have difficulty getting to it. It is located near the Vystavochnaya metro station.

Included in the complex for the production of goods consumer goods and services. At the same time, it is the main processing industry as part of the argo-industrial complex (AIC). The food industry gravitates towards the agro-industrial complex more than towards the complex for the production of consumer goods and services. The main purpose of this industry is food production. The food industry includes over 20 industries. The territorial organization of this industry is strongly influenced by raw materials and consumer factors. By the nature of the raw materials used and the principles of location, the industries can be combined into the following three groups:

Industries focused on raw material sources– sugar, butter, cheese, milk canning, oil and fat, fruits and vegetables, canned fish, alcohol, starch and syrup and others. When placing these industries, the cost of raw materials per unit is taken into account finished products. As a rule, these industries are oriented towards raw materials, and enterprises in these industries consume a lot of it (for example, in the production of sugar, sugar beet waste accounts for 85%). In addition, many types of raw materials are not subject to long-term transportation and storage.

Industries gravitating towards places of consumption of finished products, - bakery, brewery, confectionery, sugar refinery, pasta and others. Enterprises in these industries, as a rule, use raw materials that have already undergone primary processing or produce perishable products, so they are located near settlements.

The third group - industries that focus on both raw materials and the consumer. These are the meat, dairy and flour-grinding industries.

Approximation of the food industry to raw material bases and places of consumption of finished products is achieved in some industries with the help of specialization of enterprises according to the stages of the technological process: the primary processing of raw materials is located near the sources of raw materials, and production finished products- in the centers of consumption. This division of the technological process can be observed in the tobacco, tea and wine industries.
An important branch of the food industry is the fish industry, which is distinguished by the peculiarity of the raw material base and technological processes. The primary processing of the fish catch is carried out on the high seas at large floating fish factories, and then at fish processing plants located on the shore.

World production of fish and seafood reaches 130 million tons per year, of which 4/5 is in the seas and oceans, and 1/5 in fresh water.

In the world of marine fisheries in the second half of the 20th century, there have been great changes. The "epicenter" of this industry has moved from the northern (

Branch composition of the food industry. Food industry. Production of canned fish. Sugar. Brewery. Bakery. Production of soft drinks. Confectionery. Compound feed. Yeast. Macaroni. Starchy. Fish. Oil-fatty. Fruit and vegetable. Perfume and cosmetic. Salt. Tea room. Alcohol. Tobacco and shag. Distillery. Production of food concentrates. Winery. Meat and meat and dairy. Food flavoring. Flour-grinding and mixed fodder. Fish. Meat. Flour and cereal. Butter and cheese and dairy. Production of canned milk.

Slide 18 from the presentation "Light and food industry of Russia". The size of the archive with the presentation is 6441 KB.

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TEST

in the discipline "Economic potential customs territory Russia"

On topic number 11

"Territorial organization and prospects for the development of the food industry in Russian Federation»

Completed by: 1st year student

Groups TMD-111

Podgornova Alexandra

Checked:

Assoc. cafe "APiTD", Ph.D.

Salnikova A.V.

Vladimir, 2012

Introduction ................................................ ................................................. ...... .3

Chapter 1 . general characteristics food industry in Russia........ ...4

1.1Characteristics of the food industry............................................................... 4

1.2.Problems of development of the food industry and ways to solve them……..5

Chapter 2. Prospects for the development of the food industry .................................... 9

Conclusion................................................. ................................................. . fifteen

List of sources used

INTRODUCTION

In Russia, the food industry is the most important branch of the economy, creating food products based on the processing of agricultural raw materials (grain, potatoes, sugar beet, oilseeds, meat, milk, fish, etc.). It includes a large group (more than 30) of industries and sub-sectors, the main (according to specific gravity in the production of industry products) of which: meat, dairy, bakery, fish, oil and fat, flour milling, winemaking, sugar, canning, confectionery.) In Russia, the food industry has a huge potential. This is due to the presence of large raw material bases and the abundance of products manufactured agriculture. It should be noted that at present the food industry in our country is one of the leading and most important industries, since the life and health of consumers-citizens of our country depend on its success.

Analyzing this information, we can conclude that this topic is relevant.

The purpose of this work is to explore the territorial organization and prospects for the development of the food industry in the Russian Federation.



object research is the Russian food industry, subject of study – territorial organization and prospects for the development of the food industry.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Consider the characteristics of the food industry;

Consider the problems of development of the food industry;

Analyze the prospects for the development of the food industry.

The following methods were used in writing this work: analysis and generalization.

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA.

1.1.Characteristics of the food industry

The food industry is a part of the entire industry that unites a set of homogeneous food and processing enterprises, characterized by the unity of the consumer purpose of the final food product produced, processing, as a rule, raw materials of agricultural origin and having a specific material and technical base in the form of a system of machines and apparatus and the corresponding composition food workers.

At present, the country's food industry is one of the strategic sectors of the economy, which is designed to provide the population of Russia with the necessary food in terms of quantity and quality.

All branches of the food industry are united by the unity of the consumer purpose of their product - a food product, which, in turn, determines the specific requirements for the feedstock, the technology used, the system of machines, the entire material and technical base and personnel. It has 30 industries with more than 60 sub-sectors and types of production, and unites more than 25 thousand enterprises various forms property with total strength employing about 1.5 million people. In the sectoral structure industrial production about 13% of Russia's total industrial production falls on the food industry.

Due to taxes and excises coming from the enterprises of the industry, 10% of the revenue part of the Russian budget is formed. The predominant forms of ownership are mixed and private, these industries produce 85% of products. During privatization, 82% of large and medium-sized enterprises were transformed into open joint-stock companies, about 12% - in closed joint-stock companies and limited liability partnerships. The food industry is closely connected with all sectors of the economy. A significant part of the transported goods falls on its share. Particularly close ties have developed between the food industry and agriculture, forming an agro-industrial complex.

Branches of the food industry produce both means of production - objects of labor (group "A"), and consumer goods (group "B"). In the marketable products of these industries, the share of group "A" accounts for approximately one third, and the share of group "B" - two thirds. Ultimately, the products of the food industry in the aggregate are consumer products, a food product, i.e. Group B products. Of course, the products of group "A" in the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex are much higher and account for more than 70%, but they are completely or almost completely consumed in the food industry itself for the production of the final food product.

1.2. Problems of development of the food industry and ways to solve them

The effective development of the food industry has strategic importance for any state and is one of the indicators of its economic security. With significant growth potential, the food industry in the Russian Federation, at the same time, lags behind economically in terms of efficiency. developed countries according to the main indicators. Thus, the level of profitability of products domestic enterprises engaged in the production of food products, including drinks, and tobacco, as of July 1, 2011 amounted to -7.87%. .
On the territory of the Russian Federation, there is also a significant regional asymmetry in the level of development of the food industry, resulting from the peculiarities food production, the diversity of natural and climatic conditions, as well as the close linkage of food production to the population of the region, the presence of its own raw material base, and the participation of the region in the trade in agricultural raw materials and food.
The reasons for this situation are that the Russian food industry is not sufficiently diversified, characterized by a low level of innovation and efficiency in the use of production and financial resources. The activities of enterprises are mainly focused on the domestic market, and their priorities strategic development are only a reaction to change. external factors.
The stable functioning and further development of food industry enterprises requires a significant strengthening of the competitive potential of the industry, which in turn implies a radical technical re-equipment, expanding the range of products due to products of deeper processing, and improving its quality characteristics.
However, there are a number of obstacles to the further development of food production:
-strong competitive pressure of suppliers of agricultural raw materials on food producers (lack of resources is a deterrent to the development of many types of activities for the production of food products);
– tougher competition in most industry markets, increasing intensity.of.consolidation.processes;
– low level of profitability of most food products (rigid dependence of the profitability of production and added value.on.the.degree.of.processing.of.raw materials);
- growth in food imports due to the strengthening of the ruble, the growth of real incomes of the population and the lack of competitiveness of domestic goods;
– low resource endowment and, as a result, deep import dependence on raw materials;
- moral and physical aging of the main production assets, especially.their.active.part;
–unfavorable.conditions.for.investment.
The solution of these problems in the food industry can be facilitated by the construction of an effective management strategy. financial resources in particular, attracting investment resources aimed at the innovative transformation of enterprises in this.sector.of.the.economy.
The transition to an innovative model for the development of food industry enterprises is very relevant in view of the need to overcome the negative consequences of the financial and economic crisis, such as a decrease in their potential and production capacity, a reduction and termination of investment in product and process innovations. depreciation. of fixed. capital.
It should be noted that there are specific features of the innovation process in the food industry, related to the fact that innovations here are not revolutionary or radical in nature, but are gradual, are in the nature of imitation of existing products, technologies and services, and, as a rule, are not accompanied by .using.high.technologies.
These features are associated, first of all, with a number of factors, the most important of which.are.the following:
- low share of investment in R&D in the total investment in the food industry;
- lagging behind the technological, production and business processes of Russian food enterprises from foreign competitors, especially the processes of primary (processing.food.raw materials);
– low skill level work force in the food industry.
Thus, the further development of the food industry should be based on the introduction of modern innovative technologies. Therefore, one of the most important tasks modern development Russian economy is the formation and development of the system and mechanisms of financial support for the innovative activity of food industry enterprises. The solution of this problem will help increase the competitiveness and profitability of such enterprises, increase the level and quality of life of the population, and strengthen the food security of the Russian Federation.

Structure of the food industry

The food industry is one of the oldest industries. It includes all enterprises responsible for the processing of agricultural products and food production.

The food industry includes more than twenty branches of a smaller rank, consisting of several sub-sectors. The structure of the meat and dairy industry includes the meat industry, sausage production, dairy, butter and cheese, industries, the production of meat and dairy canned food.

Sugar, baking, confectionery, oil and fat, pasta, yeast, starch, salt, alcohol, wine, liquor and brewing industries are combined into the food and flavor industry. This also includes the production of canned fruits and vegetables and food concentrates.

Principles of placement of food industry enterprises

The peculiarity of the food industry is that, on the one hand, the proximity of the raw material base (perishable raw materials) should be taken into account, and on the other hand, the proximity of the consumer (products have a limited shelf life). In addition, the entire population, regardless of place of residence, occupation, needs food.

Therefore, the food industry is located more or less evenly, according to the distribution of the population. The bigger locality, the more food industry enterprises will be developed in it.

A separate place is occupied by the fishing industry. Its enterprises are located in the port cities of the sea coast and on the major rivers of Russia. In addition, part of the production is located on modern factory ships as part of fishing fleets in the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans. They process raw materials (fish) and produce products (canned fish) on site.

Geography of the food industry in Russia

Sugar production focuses on sugar beet crops and is located in the Central Black Earth region, the Volga region, the North Caucasus, the south of the Central region, the south of Siberia and Far East. In the south of these regions, developing oilseed processing - sunflower, mustard, flax, hemp.

Meat processing plants located in almost all major cities of the country. Large sausage production is located in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Saratov, Orel, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, Omsk, Barnaul, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude. Butter and dairy the Volga-Vyatka region, the Urals and the North Caucasus are famous for their products.

Flour-grinding and baking industry developed in all regions of the country. But a significant part of the production comes from areas specializing in the cultivation of wheat - the Kuban, Stavropol, Rostov region, the Volga region, the Central Chernozem region, the Altai Territory. Recently, the network of mini-bakeries has been expanding. This brings production closer to the consumer, improves the quality of service for the population of the country. Pasta production developed in major regional centers. Also located there are confectionery enterprises . Large factories for candy production located in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Volgograd, Astrakhan, Orenburg, Krasnoyarsk.

In the southern regions of the country, on the basis of horticulture, a fruit and vegetable canning industry, wine production .

Importance of the food industry

The food industry is designed to meet the needs of the population in high-quality food. It contributes to the processing of agricultural products, their preservation (preservation), ensuring the intake of important substances in the diet - vitamins, fats, microelements. Recently, food industry enterprises are located farther north, focusing not only on the consumer, but also on new raw material bases - greenhouse production of agricultural products. With the development of the chemicalization of the food industry, the lines of storage of products are increasing, and the quality of their processing is improving. But today the main task of the industry is the maximum preservation of all useful components in food products, the production of environmentally friendly food products.

 

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