Heavy nuclear missile cruiser tarkr "Admiral Ushakov. Heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" will be disposed of in Severodvinsk Destroyer Admiral Ushakov

The Soviet Union occupied one sixth of the land. Partly due to geographical location, partly due to technological capabilities, a lot of time was devoted to the development of ships of the Navy in the country. However, this is still being done by any large state.

Boats and cruisers, submarines and aircraft carriers, light and large - the list of technological solutions can be continued for a very long time. One of these was "Orlan", or "project 1144". Heavy atomic missile cruiser"Admiral Ushakov" is the flagship of the project, which has no analogues in any fleet in the world. It is about him, his capabilities, characteristics, military and technical data that we will talk about in the article.

Name evolution

It should be noted that the cruiser did not immediately receive the name "Admiral Ushakov". "Admiral's stripes" appeared after the collapse of the Union - in 1992. Then he and 3 more Orlans received new names. At the same time, only one - the 4th - bears the name "Peter the Great". The first three became "admirals". These are Ushakov, Lazarev and Nakhimov. When leaving the stocks, the ships were named "Kirov", "Frunze", "Kalinin", respectively. The fourth cruiser was first named "Kuibyshev", then, even before the completion of construction, he received a new name - "Yuri Andropov".

To date, only "Peter the Great" is in the service. "Nakhimov" is under modernization. The first two, perhaps, will also be updated, but for Nakhimov.

Project "Orlan"

The idea of creating a ship, which later became the nuclear cruiser "Admiral Ushakov", did not come immediately. The original designs date back to the 1950s. Then it was decided to create two types of ships - one was to become a cruiser (project 63), the second - an air defense ship (project 81). For both types, it was planned to use a nuclear reactor as a power plant.

Then project 81 was closed, and work on both types was reduced to one direction. The ship was supposed to be not very large, but have the capabilities of both air defense and a simple cruiser. Unfortunately, Project 63 didn't live much longer, and soon it was also closed.

The return to the "atomic" project comes only at the end of the 60s, when the Leningrad Central Design Bureau is entrusted with the creation of an "inexpensive" nuclear patrol vessel. The ship should have a displacement of about 8,000 tons (for comparison, the flagship of this project, the Admiral Ushakov missile cruiser, received 24,000 tons), be able not only to escort other ships, providing them with fire support, but also to track down, and, if necessary, destroy ships of a probable enemy. One of the main "chips" was to be an unlimited cruising range. The original project called for the construction of about 40 such vessels, but, as it turned out, the industry was simply not ready to produce a vessel of such a displacement, not to mention its possible price.

"Fugas" + "Orlan"

Despite these inconsistencies, project 1144 gets the green light. Nuclear, artillery installations, torpedo tubes and even an unmanned helicopter are being developed. It should be noted that the development of these aircraft in the Union began long before this idea dawned on the Americans. However, the ship did not see the helicopter. But there is another, no less important moment for the then "Kirov" (later "Admiral Ushakov"). The cruiser moves from the category of "tracking vessel" to the category of "anti-submarine ship".

The fact is that in parallel with Orlan, a purely strike vessel was being developed, the project of which was code-named "Fugasse" (or "product 1165"). And in May 1971, when weapons were already being developed for both ships, the projects were combined. future ship receives best options weapons previously developed for each type.

Launching

A year after the merger of the projects, the final version is presented to the military. Then in March 1973 at the Baltic Shipyard. Ordzhonikidze laid the lead cruiser. In the final version of the project, 5 ships were planned, 4 of which were built. But it should be noted that the fourth ship - "Peter the Great" - immediately received several differences from its counterparts. In particular, it has greater navigation autonomy, improved anti-submarine and sonar weapons, and more modern cruise missiles.

4 years later, on New Year's Eve 1977, the heavy nuclear cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" was launched and enlisted in the Navy Soviet Union. This year was marked for the Orlan project by another event. It was then that a new classification was introduced into the Navy, and "Kirov" from the category of a simple anti-submarine ship becomes a heavy nuclear missile cruiser.

Description and design

During the design and then construction of the ship, composite materials were widely used in the world. Therefore, the developed superstructures of the floating craft are mainly made of aluminum-magnesium alloys. Most of the weapons are installed in the stern and bow. Additional armored shields close the engine room, ammunition cellars, and almost all the important posts of the Admiral Ushakov ship.

The cruiser has an extended forecastle and a double bottom for the entire length of the vessel. The surface part has five decks (also along the entire length of the hull). In the rear part there is an underdeck hangar, designed for the permanent presence of three helicopters. In the same place, a lifting mechanism was designed and rooms were provided for storing all the materials necessary for flights. In a separate compartment there is a lifting-lowering system for the release of the antenna of the Polynomial complex.

The construction of such a ship put forward very high requirements for possible manufacturers. Firstly, in the final design, the ship received a displacement of more than 24,000 tons. Secondly, the maximum hull length was to be more than 250 m. There were still a number of requirements that only one plant in the Union, Leningradsky, could satisfy.

Armament

Before talking about weapons, it is worth noting that the Admiral Ushakov nuclear missile cruiser was supposed to strike at enemy aircraft carrier groups, track down and destroy submarines, and, of course, provide air defense and (in the future) missile defense of its territories. Based on all these tasks, the ship received a whole list of all kinds of weapons. Since for detailed description each type will require more than one article, you will have to limit yourself to brief characteristics.

Main strike weapons represented by the Granit system - an anti-ship missile system located in the bow. Includes 20 missiles, maximum flight range 550 km, nuclear warhead. 500 kg warhead.

Anti-aircraft weapons - missile system "Fort". The cruiser has 12 x 8 missiles each. In addition to air targets, you can hit enemy ships with a class up to a destroyer. The launch of the rocket engines occurs after its release from the installation, which ensures the explosion and fire protection of the ship. Flight range - 70 km (limited by control systems on board).

Anti-submarine equipment includes the Metel missile system - 10 missile torpedoes. The firing range is up to 50 km, the depth of destruction is up to 500 m. In addition to this system, two five-tube torpedo tubes are used.

Also on the deck is a large number of small and small six-barreled machine guns.

I serve the fatherland

Among the many exercises and combat missions that the "eagles" went out to, it is worth noting one in which it was "Admiral Ushakov" who participated. The cruiser was in our waters when, in December 1983, NATO ships, acting on the side of Israel, began military operations against Syria and Lebanon, allies of the USSR. The ship was ordered to go to the Mediterranean Sea. This is where the curiosity begins. When it entered those waters, and a little less than a day remained to the destination, the NATO ships immediately ceased fire and fled to the island zone. The Americans did not dare to approach closer than 500 km to Ushakov.

Execution cannot be pardoned

The phrase from the old fairy tale, quoted above, very well describes the situation with the ship at the dawn of the new age. In 1989, when the cruiser was on a mission, the main gearbox broke. Then problems begin with the main power plant, and in 1991 the captain receives an order: the repair must be carried out. The ship berths, but in the following years only one thing happens. significant event- the transfer of the craft to the Russian Navy and the renaming of the heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Admiral Ushakov". Modernization and medium repairs begin only by the year 2000.

Further fate is fully consistent old fairy tale It all depends on where the comma is. For 20 years (from the moment of parking), this comma has changed its position several times. Either modernization, then disposal, then a new solution, and even a return to the Navy, but this is not final either. What will happen next, and whether the Admiral will go to sea, is still unknown.

Conclusion

One of the few ships in the Russian Navy, the cruiser Admiral Ushakov boasts power plant based nuclear reactor. Even today, there is no ship in the world fleet that is comparable in firepower to the Ushakov. The appearance of the flagship on the horizon in many cases radically changed the balance of power in some situations, and it would be a pity if a vessel of this class was simply allowed to be scrapped.

The destroyer "Admiral Ushakov" was built according to the project 956 "Sarych" and is part of Northern Fleet RF.

Construction history and service

Starting from 1972, project 956 destroyers were built at the shipyard No. 190 named after. A.A. Zhdanov. The ship, which until 2004 bore the name "Fearless", was laid down at this shipyard in 1988. The ship was launched at the end of 1991.

In the winter of 1993 he was accepted into the fleet. During construction, from June 1993, he was part of the 13th brigade of ships under construction and repair at the Leningrad Naval Base. For the period of testing, he was brought into the 76th missile ship brigade of the 12th missile ship division.
He began his career in 1994 as part of the 56th destroyer brigade of the 7th operational squadron of the Northern Fleet. In the spring of 1995, the ship took an active part in anti-aircraft missile firing, together with the destroyer "Quick". In November of the same year, he performed artillery firing under the supervision of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. At the end of 1995, together with the cruiser-aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, he went through the Strait of Gibraltar to serve in the Mediterranean Sea.

In the period from August to September of the same year, he was at the docks of a shipyard in Roslyakovo. In the spring of 1997, "Admiral Ushakov" made a short trip to the sea to check combat readiness, and in April took part in the exercises of the Russian fleet.
At the beginning of May 1998, the destroyer "Fearless" was included in the 43rd missile ship division of the 7th operational squadron. During a campaign at sea in the summer of 1998, due to the shutdown of the ship's boiler and turbine installation, the destroyer Admiral Ushakov barely escaped from a raid on the rocks. After this accident, he was put in for repairs at the docks of the Murmansk Shipyard.

Activities in modern conditions

Today "Admiral Ushakov" (project 956 destroyer) performs the following combat missions:

Defeat small ground targets, live and technical force enemy
Fire support for anti-aircraft and anti-boat defense of landing troops during landing at sea
Destruction of enemy surface ships and their landing troops

In 2003, he left the repair in Severodvinsk at Zvyozdochka TsS OJSC.
In March 2013, he successfully worked out the actions of a single ship in the Barents Sea, at one of the training grounds of the Northern Fleet. At the same time, he interacted with a nuclear submarine cruiser strategic purpose, naval aviation of the Northern Fleet and the mine-sweeping group of the Kola Flotilla.
At the end of August 2013, he completed exercises at the training grounds of the Barents and White Seas.
In 2014, "Admiral Ushakov" celebrated 20 years since the solemn hoisting of the naval flag. During the service, the destroyer twice made trips to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.
In 2015, the destroyer again took part in naval exercises in the Barents Sea, and also attended festive events, dedicated to the Day navy Russian Federation.
In 2016, he participated in artillery firing in the Barents Sea, and he also practiced combat with a mock enemy surface ship.

eyewitness impressions

The destroyer "Admiral Ushakov" is part of the combat structure of the Northern Fleet, stationed at the naval base of the ZATO Severomorsk, Murmansk region. The ship is part of the 43rd Missile Ship Division.
A ship is a combat unit that fights not only on the water (ships and submarines), but also destroys targets on the coast and in the air. The service, according to eyewitnesses, is standard for all warships. The sailors are on watch, on various duties, and are engaged in firing practice. They go to sea for a week - 10 days.
The crew of the destroyer - about 350 employees. Most of them are contractors. Reviews do not report hazing and hazing. On the contrary, they note a long vacation - 30 days of the main, 15 - for service in the fleet and another 15 - for the conditions of the Far North, ZATO Severomorsk is located beyond the Arctic Circle.
Talk about a long acclimatization. The adaptation of the fighters is accompanied by colds that occur due to cold winds and the humidity of the North Sea.

Both contractors and conscripted sailors live in cabins with a shared bathroom. The date and time of the oath, as well as the leave and the rules for using mobile phones, you need to ask the employee.
Severomorsk - closed locality. For a trip to the oath, you need a pass (the data is transmitted to the sailor). Alternatively, a request is sent to the administration's email address. The pass issued for the trip to the oath, the relatives receive at the checkpoint. Pass to Severomorsk - at the ZATO checkpoint.

your visit

Bus number 105 runs daily from Murmansk to Severomorsk. At the ZATO checkpoint, they will ask for a pass. Say that you are going to be sworn in and a pass ordered in advance will be issued on the spot.
You can stay at the Vaenga Hotel. In winter, rooms are easier to book. Hotel phone: 7 (815-37) 4-84-75

A few days ago, a detachment of ships from the Northern Fleet left Severomorsk for the Barents Sea to conduct anti-submarine exercises. It included two large anti-submarine ships of project 1155 "Vice-Admiral Kulakov" and "Severomorsk", two small anti-submarine ships of project 1124M "Brest" and "Junga", as well as a destroyer of project 956 "Admiral Ushakov", which will be discussed speech today.

During the celebration of the Day of the Navy in Severomorsk, residents of the capital of the Northern Fleet had a unique opportunity to get on board the ship - access to the destroyer "Admiral Ushakova" was free for everyone.

2. Destroyer project 956 "Admiral Ushakov".

It's hard to believe, but being at the destroyer I thought - should I go up on deck? You have no idea how hard it is to shoot on board a ship when there are a lot of people around! Crew or shipbuilders are another matter. They can be built and asked to take part in a photo shoot, or pretend active work. But still, a holiday is a holiday, so without thinking twice, I decided to go on board and join the lively mass of joyful North Sea people. Didn't regret it!

3. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

The destroyer "Admiral Ushakov" is the 17th ship in a series of 20 ships of project 956 "Sarych", developed at the Northern Design Bureau.

4. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

The Severomorsky "Admiral Ushakov" was built at the Leningrad plant No. 190 named after. Zhdanov. Now this plant is known under the name "Severnaya Verf".

5. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

His bookmark, that is, his birthday, took place on May 6, 1988. I note that on that day he was "Fearless", and he acquired the name "Admiral Ushakov" later, in 2004.

Three years later, on December 28, 1991, the destroyer was launched, and three days after the launch, the crew was formed.

6. Feed destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

On December 30, 1993, the long-awaited moment came - the Naval flag was raised on the ship, and on April 17, 1994, the ship entered the Navy.

7. RBU-1000 - Soviet jet bomber with a stationary two-plane homing installation with six radially arranged barrels. Designed to destroy enemy submarines and attacking torpedoes.

It is worth noting that out of the fourteen Project 956 destroyers transferred to the fleet before December 8, 1991, eight ships, including the Admiral Ushakov, became part of the 56th destroyer brigade of the 7th operational squadron of the Northern Fleet.

8. Aft installation of the Uragan anti-aircraft missile system.

If we talk about all representatives of the project 956, then while serving in the Soviet Navy, the destroyers took an active part in a large number of combat services and naval exercises, such as Ocean-83, Atlantic-84, Polar Region-84, "Squadron-84", "Moncada-85" and others.

9. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

The ships of the project carried out control over the exercises of the navies of the NATO countries in the Norwegian and Mediterranean seas, followed the ship and aircraft carrier groups of the fleets of the United States and Great Britain.

10. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

In addition to combat missions, Project 956 destroyers also carried out peaceful missions, paid official friendly visits to the ports of a number of countries: Algeria, Vietnam, East Germany, Greece, Egypt, India, China, Cuba, Libya, Syria, the USA, Germany, Yugoslavia, African countries and others, showing the Soviet naval flag.

11. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

After 1991, the activity of operating destroyers of Project 956 decreased many times, and as part of the Russian Navy, these ships managed to participate in only a few exits to combat service.

12. Practical mine.

The collapse of the Soviet Union led to a sharp reduction in the state order for the Navy, including both the construction of new ships and the comprehensive repair of ships already in the fleet.

13. Ship automatic gun caliber 130 mm AK-130.

Underfunding also affected the ships of Project 956: the construction of new destroyers was stopped (only those already laid down were completed), and the current and medium repairs of already built ships were delayed, or not carried out at all. This, as well as problems with the operation of the boiler turbine power plant led to the fact that most Project 956 destroyers were in service for less than ten years, although their estimated service life should have exceeded two decades. Thus, the destroyer Stoykiy was operated for only five years, Winged for six years, Rampant and Prudent for seven years, Flawless, Thundering and Quick for eight years, Combat for nine years. and "Fearless".

14. The ship's bell of the destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

As a result, by 2002, out of the seventeen destroyers built for the USSR Navy and the Russian Navy, only five ships were actually in service: Battle, Stormy, Restless, Persistent and Fearless (Admiral Ushakov "), the rest of the ships were either cut into metal, or sent to the reserve or for conservation.

15. The ship's bell of the destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

Today, out of seventeen destroyers, only three ships actually remain in service: "Persistent" - in the Baltic Fleet, "Fast" - in the Pacific Fleet, "Admiral Ushakov" - in the Northern Fleet.

16. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

Briefly about the combat service of the destroyer "Admiral Ushakov":

1995

On April 4, 1995, together with the destroyer Rastoropny, he participated in anti-aircraft missile firing (received a "good" rating). Under the flag of Rear Admiral V.D. Veregina paid a visit to Oslo (Norway) (from May 6 to 9), on November 22 he performed artillery firing in the presence of the Minister of Defense and the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. December 21 "Fearless" under the flag of Admiral I.V. Kasatonov, together with the aircraft-carrying cruiser Admiral Kuznetsov, entered combat service in the Mediterranean Sea.

17. Mine tracks. Designed for installation, fastening and discharge of mines astern, as well as for loading torpedoes.

1996

January 4, 1996 passed through the Strait of Gibraltar. From January 29 to February 3, he made a business call to Tartus (Syria). From 17 to 18 February, together with "Admiral Kuznetsov" was on a visit to Valletta (Malta), where the destroyer was visited by the President of the Republic of Malta. On March 22, he returned to Severomorsk, having traveled 14,156 nautical miles during his combat service and completed 7 exercises and 49 combat exercises. In August-September, he was docked at the shipyard No. 82 in Roslyakovo.

18. Project 956 destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

1997

For a comprehensive check of combat readiness on April 14, 1997, the destroyer went to sea. From 16 to 17 April and from 23 to 25 April, he participated in command and staff exercises of the fleet as part of two destroyers and two large anti-submarine ships. On August 21, performed artillery firing with jamming from PK-10 and PK-2M (received an overall rating of "good"). On September 2, he shot "Mosquito", received an "excellent" rating. On September 16, he made an exit to the sea as part of a ship group. In the period from 22 to 26 September paid a visit to Portsmouth (England). On October 4, in the Kattegat Strait, the destroyer was refueled by the wake method from the tanker "Genrikh Gasanov". After passing 4391 nautical miles, the squadron returned to Severomorsk on October 08, 1997.

19. Torpedo tube caliber 533 mm.

1998

May 1, 1998 was included in the 43rd division of missile ships of the 7th operational squadron. During a trip in the summer of 1998, in a storm, the ship's boiler and turbine installation stopped, because of which it was almost thrown onto the rocks.

20. Mines with anti-ship missiles "Moskit-M".

year 2000

On June 20, 2000, the destroyer Admiral Ushakov arrived in Severodvinsk for repairs at the Zvezdochka shipyard.

21. The destroyer "Admiral Ushakov" at the Severodvinsk shipbuilding enterprise "Zvyozdochka" ( zvezdochka_ru ).

Shortly after completion repair work, from October 2004 to August 2005, the destroyer took part in its extreme long-range voyage as part of a shipborne aircraft carrier group with the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. Since then, the destroyer has not made exits beyond the Barents Sea. Perhaps the need to repair the power plant (KTU) is to blame. She needs a serious (overhaul) repair, for which there is no will, it is a pity for money and scarce production capacities, and therefore the handsome destroyer will have to live out her life as a ship of the 1st rank of the near sea zone.

22. Mines with anti-ship missiles "Moskit-M".

The armament of the destroyer "Admiral Ushakov":

Radar general detection "Frigate". Hydroacoustic station "Platina-S".

23. Tank destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

Anti-aircraft missile system "Hurricane" (with 14 EM-SAM "Hurricane-Tornado"). It consists of two single-girder guided launchers located on the forecastle and behind the helipad.

24. Shakhty with Moskit-M anti-ship missiles, wheelhouse and part of the ship's superstructure, inside which is the cellar of the Uragan anti-aircraft missile system.

Ammunition - 48 "9M38M1" - anti-aircraft guided missiles. The control system of the anti-aircraft missile system "Nut" - 6 radio searchlights for illuminating targets and computer equipment. The air defense system is capable of operating on surface ships. At the same time, the air defense system is capable of striking 1-6 air targets at an altitude of up to 15 kilometers at a distance of up to 25 kilometers.

25. Part of the ship's superstructure, inside which is the cellar of the Uragan anti-aircraft missile system. Also there are pantries, ventilation compartments.

Two twin AK-130 installations are installed on board the ship. The AK-130 control system is a multi-channel MP-184, which includes a dual-band radar, a TV set, a laser rangefinder, a digital computer, and an optical device. The installations have an optical device, an ammunition supply complex and interface equipment. Rate of fire up to 90 rds / min, range up to 24 kilometers. Ammunition - 500 shots per barrel (180 of them are ready for combat use, added to the tape). For firing at coastal facilities, a sighting special post is used. The control system allows only single-breasted use of gun mounts.

26. On the starboard side of the destroyer was the heavy nuclear missile cruiser of the Northern Fleet "Peter the Great".

AK-630M - anti-aircraft rapid-fire air defense system. It consists of two 30-mm batteries of the AK-630M complex. One battery - two gun mounts with a rotating six-barrel block and the Vympel control system. The effective firing range is up to four kilometers. Rate of fire 4,000 rds / min. The ammunition of the artillery complex is 16 thousand rounds.

27. Anchor chain stopper. Anchor in the clouse.

Anti-ship missile system "Moskit". Anti-ship complex with Moskit missiles. Consists of 2 quadruple launchers. Ammunition - 8 cruise missiles. The range of destruction is 120 kilometers. Speed - up to 3M. The weight of the CD is almost 4 tons, the weight of the warhead is 0.3 tons. Able to carry special ammunition. The destroyer's control system fires a full salvo in half a minute.

28. Ship automatic gun caliber 130 mm AK-130.

RBU-1000 - reactive bomb launcher - 1000. Reactive bomb launcher with 48 reactive depth charges. Range up to one kilometer. The main task is to provide anti-torpedo defense of the ship. Shooting is done in full salvo.

29. On board the destroyer "Admiral Ushakov".

2 torpedo tubes caliber 533 mm. Used torpedoes SET-65/53M, USET-80.

30. Torpedo tube caliber 533 mm.

RM-1 / UDM / PM-1 - mine weapons. For the use of mines, mine rails are installed. Ammunition 22 mines.

31. Ships and vessels of the Northern Fleet on the port side of the ship.

Helicopter KA-27PL. To use the helicopter on the ship there is a platform and a telescopic hangar. The on-board fuel supply allows the helicopter to provide two refueling.

32. Lifebuoy.

Despite the problems with the gas turbine, the ship is not moored. The destroyer, one might say, is constantly in the Barents Sea. So today, during the exercises taking place in the Barents Sea, in accordance with the plan for combat training of forces and troops of the Northern Fleet in the summer training period, a naval strike group consisting of the destroyer "Admiral Ushakov", large anti-submarine ships "Vice-Admiral Kulakov" and " Severomorsk conducted artillery firing at sea and closed coastal targets in the fleet's ranges in the Barents Sea and on the coast of the Kola Peninsula.

In 1961, the first nuclear-powered cruiser URO "Long Beach" entered the combat structure of the US Navy. This event served as an impetus for the creation of a domestic combat nuclear surface ship. The natural development of naval technology also turned out to be the reason that in 1964, studies began to determine the appearance of the first combat surface nuclear-powered vessel in our country.
The basis of the research was the fleet's objective need for an ocean-going surface ship capable of operating in remote areas of the World Ocean independently and as part of a grouping, mainly with anti-submarine missions. The research ended with a tactical and technical assignment for the development of a project for a large anti-submarine ship with a nuclear power plant with a displacement of 8,000 tons. Was appointed Chief Designer B. Kupensky, who had previously been the chief designer of the first domestic gas turbine BOD of the Komsomolets Ukrainy type. From the Navy, the captain of the 2nd rank became the main overseeing the design and construction of the ship from the very beginning until its final transfer to the fleet. A. Savin.
The new nuclear ship from the very beginning became the favorite brainchild of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S. Gorshkova. Nevertheless, the design was difficult and rather slow. From the very first stages, the displacement began to grow, which made it necessary to look for more and more new options for the main power plant, primarily its steam-producing part. In the end, they decided to create a special power plant (PP). At the same time, the Commander-in-Chief demanded that a reserve power plant be placed on the ship on organic fuel.
When designing, it was assumed that the solution of the main task by the ship would be ensured only if there was sufficient combat stability. There was no doubt that aviation posed the greatest danger to him, therefore, it was envisaged to separate the ship's air defense systems throughout its entire depth, elements, construction principles, calibers, etc.
Anti-ship missiles in the project did not appear immediately. The anti-submarine ships built in our country in those years did not carry sufficiently effective strike weapons, which significantly reduced their combat stability. It was also taken into account that the US surface fleet began to be intensively equipped with anti-ship missiles. Thus, the appearance of the first domestic nuclear ship acquired a multi-purpose orientation, and he received the final name - nuclear missile cruiser. In 1973, its design was completed, and in the spring of the following year, the laying took place. From the first light cruiser Soviet-built, which left a noticeable mark in the history of our Navy, the head cruiser inherited the name "Kirov" (since 1992 "Admiral Ushakov"). Its construction was carried out slowly and not very rhythmically. The lead ship was launched at 13:53 on December 27, 1977.
The backbone of the crew was formed a year before this event. The commander of the ship and the deputy commander for political affairs, officers of the electromechanical combat unit and the chemical service were appointed. By the time the ship was launched, the crew was almost 100% complete. In 1978, the crew arrived in Leningrad and with great enthusiasm began to master the new ship.
In 1980, the cruiser was tested and became part of the Northern Fleet. On April 12, 1981, the Red Banner Naval Flag proudly hoisted over the ship.
In 1984, the second ship of this type appeared - "Frunze" ("Admiral Lazarev"), in 1988 the third - "Kalinin" ("Admiral Nakhimov") and in 1998 "Yuri Andropov" ("Peter the Great").
Our nuclear missile cruisers have no direct analogues abroad. At TARKR, the power plant includes two steam turbines power up to 70,000 liters. With. each. In the backup version, the turbines receive steam from two automated steam boilers running on fossil fuels. During the operation of the nuclear power plant, the cruiser develops a speed of more than 30 knots, under the boilers - at least 14. The crew is almost half as much as it was on the Oktyabrskaya Revolutsiya battleship of the same displacement. The “main caliber” of the nuclear cruiser is the Granit long-range anti-ship missile system.
Anti-aircraft missile weapons on the cruisers "Admiral Ushakov" and "Admiral Lazarev" were the same as on the cruiser "Glory". The cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" has already installed more modern air defense systems.
Artillery weapons of the lead ship - two single-gun 100-mm automatic settings with radar control system. Starting with the second ship of the series, instead of two "hundreds" they began to place one two-gun 130-mm gun mount. As a means of close self-defense, eight 30-mm six-barreled machine guns were installed on the TARKR. On the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" instead of these weapons, two new self-defense missile and artillery systems were installed.
The anti-submarine weapons are the Polynom automated sonar system, the Metel anti-submarine torpedo system (hereinafter referred to as the Waterfall).
On the second and subsequent cruisers, instead of an anti-submarine missile system and torpedo tubes, a new universal missile-torpedo system was installed.
The set of anti-submarine weapons is supplemented by rocket-bomb installations, the main purpose of which on these ships is to destroy torpedoes attacking them. Starting from the third ship of the series, nuclear cruisers are equipped with new complex anti-torpedo protection. The ship is based on two helicopters of the Ka-27, Ka-27PS, Ka-31 or Ka-39 types in search and rescue, anti-submarine and other versions. To ensure the basing of helicopters, an under-deck hangar, ammunition cellars, a lift and a runway are provided.
Thus, the nuclear-powered cruisers of the "Kirov" type have absorbed almost the entire range of combat and technical means created in recent years.
Despite the decision of the State Duma of the Russian Federation on the need to maintain the Admiral Ushakov TARKR in the combat strength of the Russian Navy, due to the lack of funds for repairs and restoration, the cruiser was withdrawn from the combat strength of the Navy and is currently awaiting disposal near the wall of the shipyard.
However, the crew members of the first domestic nuclear missile cruiser do not consider themselves entitled to forget history. On the initiative of like-minded people, the Council of Cruiser Veterans has been created and is actively working. Annual meetings of former colleagues have become traditional. At the initiative of enthusiasts, a website was created on the Internet “For those who served on the Kirov TARKR” ().
On the eve of the 30th anniversary of the cruiser's launch, the traditional annual meeting of veterans took place in Severomorsk. Captain 1st rank Alexander Fadeev warmly congratulated those who have turned 50 since the last meeting and handed them memorable addresses. The most active members of the Council of Veterans were presented with commemorative signs of a squadron of surface ships.
Captain 1st rank reserve Anatoly Romanko told the audience about the work carried out by a group of enthusiasts to preserve the history of his native ship. For example, one of the veterans of the cruiser, captain of the 3rd rank of the reserve Boris Ponomarev collected all the information about the officers and many midshipmen of the cruiser who served on the ship from the first crew. He annually sends information about the crew members to former colleagues, which have become rare photographs.
Secretary of the Council of Military Pensioners of Severomorsk Yuri Smirnov told the audience about the upcoming changes in pension provision.
It is gratifying to note that many of the veterans of the cruiser still serve in the Navy in one way or another. Captain 1st rank O lay down Ivlev- an officer of the electromechanical service of the connection of missile ships, and a reserve officer Vyacheslav Andreev deals with issues of maintaining the technical readiness of the Peter the Great TARKR.
The veterans are also pleased that the sons of some of them are already taking an active part in the work of the Council. At the current gathering, those present were introduced to the son of the officer BC-5 of the first crew of the ship - Evgenia Ozhgikhina, and earlier actively involved in the work of the Council of Veterans Dmitry Rall and Evgeny Belinin.
Captain 2nd rank Yuri MUZYRA.

The destroyer "Admiral Ushakov" (formerly "Fearless") is the 17th ship in a series of 20 ships of project 956 "Sarych" (NATO code - "Sovremenny class destroyer"), which was to be built at the plant number 190 named after. A. A. Zhdanov in Leningrad (since February 02, 1989 "Northern shipyard").

Project 956 destroyers were built at the shipyard No. 190 named after. A. A. Zhdanov in the period from 1976 to 1992 inclusive for the Navy of the USSR. The last ships series were completed already for the Russian Navy. After the collapse of the USSR, the laying of new and the completion of several already laid down ships of the project was discontinued due to funding problems. Two hulls were completed in 1997-2000 according to project 956-E (in export version) by order of the Naval Forces of the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China, two more ships in the 2000s were built for export to China according to the modernized project 956 -EM.

The destroyer "Fearless" was laid down at the plant number 190 named after. A. A. Zhdanova May 06, 1988 (building number 877). Launched on December 28, 1991. The crew was formed on 31 December. The ship passed factory sea trials from November 27 to December 25, 1993 in Baltiysk. Accepted by the fleet on December 30, 1993 (on December 25, the naval flag was raised on the ship). On April 17, 1994, the destroyer joined the Russian Navy.

Board numbers: 694 (1993), 678 (1995), 434 (since 1996).

Main characteristics: Standard displacement 6600 tons, total displacement 8000 tons. Length is 156.5 meters, width is 17.2 meters, draft is 5.96 meters. Economic travel speed 18.4 knots, maximum 33.4 knots. Cruising range 1345 miles at 33 knots, 3920 miles at 18 knots. Autonomy of navigation 30 days. The crew is 296 people, including 25 officers in peacetime, from 344 to 358 people, including 31 officers in wartime.

Engines: 2 GTZA-674 boiler-turbine units, 100,000 hp. With. Propeller 2 five-bladed propellers.

Armament:

Artillery: 2x2 AK-130/54 guns (ammunition load - 2000 rounds).

Anti-aircraft artillery: 4x6 30-mm ZAU AK-630 (ammunition - 12,000 rounds).

Missile weapons: 2x4 anti-ship missile launchers "Moskit-M", 2x1 air defense systems "Hurricane-Tornado" (48 missiles).

Anti-submarine weapons: 2x6 RBU-1000.

Mine-torpedo armament: 2x2 TA caliber 533 mm (4 SET-65 torpedoes).

Aviation group: 1 Ka-27PL helicopter.

Since 1994, it has been part of the 56th destroyer brigade of the 7th operational squadron of the Northern Fleet. On June 02, 1994, he arrived in Baltiysk to prepare for the inter-naval transition, carried out from August 09 to 16, 1994. On December 27, the destroyer was put on permanent alert.

On April 4, 1995, together with the destroyer Rastoropny, he participated in anti-aircraft missile firing (received a “good” rating). Under the flag of Rear Admiral V. D. Veregin, he paid a visit to Oslo (Norway) (from May 06 to May 09), on November 22 he performed artillery firing in the presence of the Minister of Defense and the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. December 21 "Fearless" under the flag of Admiral I. V. Kasatonov, together with an aircraft-carrying cruiser, went into combat service in the Mediterranean Sea.

January 4, 1996 passed through the Strait of Gibraltar. From January 29 to February 03 made a business call to Tartus (Syria). From February 17 to February 18, together with Admiral Kuznetsov, he was on a visit to La Valetta (Malta), where the President of the Republic of Malta visited the destroyer. On March 22, he returned to Severomorsk, having traveled 14,156 nautical miles during his combat service and completed 7 exercises and 49 combat exercises. In August-September, docking took place at the shipyard No. 82 in Roslyakovo.

For a comprehensive check of combat readiness on April 14, 1997, the destroyer went to sea. From 16 to 17 April and from 23 to 25 April, he participated in command and staff exercises of the fleet as part of two destroyers and two large anti-submarine ships. On August 21, performed artillery firing with jamming from PK-10 and PK-2M (received an overall rating of "good"). On September 2, he shot "Mosquito", received an "excellent" rating. On September 16, he made an exit to the sea as part of a ship group. In the period from 22 to 26 September he paid a visit to Portsmouth (England). On October 4, in the Kattegat Strait, the destroyer was refueled by the wake method from the tanker "G. Hasanov. After passing 4391 nautical miles, the squadron returned to Severomorsk on October 08, 1997.

May 01, 1998 was included in the 43rd division of missile ships of the 7th operational squadron. During a trip in the summer of 1998, in a storm, the ship's boiler and turbine installation stopped, because of which it was almost thrown onto the rocks.

In 2003, he completed repairs at JSC CS Zvyozdochka in Severodvinsk.

According to a message dated March 19, 2013, the crew of a single ship at the Northern Fleet's marine training grounds in the Barents Sea. According to a report dated April 01, with a strategic nuclear submarine missile cruiser, naval aviation of the Northern Fleet and a mine-sweeping group of the Kola flotilla of diverse forces, the Northern Fleet conducted combat training activities in the sea ranges of the Barents Sea. According to a message dated August 29, as part of a naval grouping of diverse forces of the Northern Fleet in the waters of the sea ranges of the Barents and White Seas. According to a report dated October 01, the crews of surface ships of the Northern Fleet, in cooperation with the naval aviation of the Northern Fleet, combat training a set of combat training exercises with practical firing at air targets from rocket and artillery weapons. October 04 with Mosquito missiles.

April 17, 2014 from the day of the first raising of the Naval ensign. During its stay in the Northern Fleet, the crew of the destroyer twice took part in long-distance voyages to the northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. According to a report dated April 22, a naval grouping of diverse forces of the Northern Fleet, consisting of the destroyer "Admiral Ushakov", a small anti-submarine ship and a small rocket ship for air defense in the sea ranges of the Northern Fleet.

According to a message dated May 05, 2015, the crew of the ship is in the waters of the offshore ranges of the Barents Sea. According to a message dated May 18, as part of a grouping of heterogeneous strike forces of the Northern Fleet with two ship-based search strike groups in the Barents Sea. May 27, with the composition of the diverse forces of the Northern Fleet to participate in a demonstration exercise, which is held as part of practical exercises with students of the Military Academy of the General Staff armed forces Russian Federation. June 15 to work out a set of tasks of the combat training course. July 26 in events dedicated to the Day of the Russian Navy in the main base of the fleet - Severomorsk. According to a message dated July 29, the crew of a destroyer on a coastal target in the Barents Sea. On September 8, as part of the Northern Fleet's naval strike group to repel mock enemy air attack weapons in combat training ranges in the Barents Sea. September 15, the main base of the Northern Fleet to the dispersal area in the Barents Sea. September 17 anti-ship cruise missile"Mosquito" target installed in one of the combat training ranges in the Barents Sea at a distance of about 100 kilometers.

June 09, 2016 the crew of the ship in the Barents Sea, a complex of artillery firing at sea targets. According to a report dated August 15, as part of a naval strike group, artillery firing at sea and closed coastal targets in fleet training grounds in the Barents Sea and on the coast of the Kola Peninsula. According to a message dated September 06, participation in the International Military-Technical Forum "Army-2016" in Severomorsk.

According to a message dated August 24, 2017, the crew is firing artillery at air targets in the ranges of the Barents Sea. August 26 artillery firing at coastal targets. 04 September in the Barents Sea.

May 09, 2018 in celebrations in honor of the 73rd anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 According to a message dated May 26, artillery firing at air targets in the ranges of the Barents Sea. Takes part in, which began on June 13 in the Barents Sea.

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