Destroyers of the Zamvolt type. Destroyers of the Zamvolt class. Ship control system

English. Zumwalt class guide missile destroyers

A new type of destroyers of the United States Navy with missile weapons(also formerly known as DD (X)), with an emphasis on attacking coastal and ground targets. This type is a smaller version of the ships of the DD-21 program, funding for which has been discontinued. The first Zumwalt-class destroyer, DDG-1000, was launched on October 29, 2013. The destroyers of this series are multipurpose and are designed to attack the enemy on the coast, fight enemy aircraft and provide fire support to troops from the sea.

The program is named after Admiral, Head of Naval Operations Elmo R. Zumwalt.

Story

Among US warships under development, the DDG-1000 should precede the Littoral Combat Ship and possibly follow the CG (X) cruiser, competing with the CVN-21 anti-aircraft. The DDG-1000 program is the result of a significant reorganization of the DD21 program, whose budget was cut by Congress by more than 50% (under the SC21 program of the 1990s).

Initially, the naval forces hoped to build 32 such destroyers. Later, this number was reduced to 24, and then to seven due to the high cost of new experimental technologies that should be included in the destroyer. The US House of Representatives remains skeptical of this program (for financial reasons) and therefore initially allocated money to the Navy only for the construction of one DDG-1000 for a "technology demonstration." Initial funding for the destroyer was included in the 2007 National Defense Authorization Act.

However, in 2007, $ 2.6 billion was allocated to finance and build two Zumwalt-class destroyers.

On February 14, 2008, Bath Iron Works was selected to build USS Zumwalt DDG-1000, and Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding was selected to build DDG-1001 at a cost of $ 1.4 billion each. According to Defense Industry Daily, the cost could rise to $ 3.2 billion per ship, plus $ 4.0 billion in the life cycle of each ship.

On July 22, 2008, it was decided to build only two such destroyers. A few weeks later, it was decided to build a third destroyer of this type.

Name
Number
Shipyard
Bookmark
Launching
Commissioning
Zamvolt
USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000)

 1000 Bath iron works November 17, 2011 29.10.2013 2016 (plan)
Michael Monsour
USS Michael Monsoor (DDG-1001)

 1001 Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding 23 May 2013 2016 (plan) 2016 (plan)
Lyndon B. Johnson
USS Lyndon B. Johnson (DDG-1002)

 1002 Bath iron works April 4, 2014 2017 (plan) 2018 (plan)

After being commissioned, the Zamvolt-class destroyers will be used in conjunction with the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers.

On December 7, 2015, the first of three destroyers, Zamvolt, estimated by this time at $ 4.4 billion, went to sea for sea trials.

Design

These ships should receive a new generation power plant, which is a combined diesel-gas turbine engine with full electric propulsion (the principle of "all-electric ship", within which a common primary source is used to generate electricity in order to ensure propulsion and power supply of all ship systems, without exception).

The hull and superstructure of the ship are surrounded by radio-absorbing materials approximately one inch thick, the number of protruding antennas has been reduced to a minimum. The composite materials of the superstructure contain wood (balsa).

Thanks to the highest degree of automation, the ship's crew is only 140 people.

The ship's armament consists of 20 Mk-57 universal launchers with a total capacity of 80 Tomahawk missiles, two 155-mm long-range artillery mounts and 30-mm anti-aircraft guns. The destroyer provides for the basing of a helicopter and unmanned aerial vehicles.

The ship's displacement is approaching 15 thousand tons, which makes the Zamvolty the largest modern non-aircraft-carrying warships in the world after the Soviet / Russian nuclear missile cruisers project 1144, the displacement of which reaches 26 thousand tons.

The cost of the program for the US Navy will be $ 22 billion (the figure will be adjusted, but it is expected that the increase in costs will not exceed 15%).

TTX

Main characteristics

Displacement: 14,564 long tons (gross)
-Length: 183 m
-Width: 24.6 m
- Draft: 8.4 m
-Reservation: Kevlar protection of individual nodes is possible
-Engines: 2 x Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30 GTU
-Power: 78 MW
-Progress speed: 30 knots (55.56 km / h)
-Crew: 148 people

Armament

Radar weapons: AN / SPY-3
-Tactical strike weapons: 20 x UVP Mk.57 for 80 Tomahawk, ASROC or ESSM missiles

Artillery: 2 x 155 mm AGS gun (920 rounds, of which 600 are in automatic loaders)

Anti-aircraft artillery: 2 х 30 mm AU Mk.46
-Missile armament: RIM-162 ESSM

Anti-submarine weapons: RUM-139 VL-Asroc

Aviation group: 1 х SH-60 LAMPS helicopter

3 х UAV MQ-8 Fire Scout

Text: Sergey Balakin

Recently, the first out to sea of ​​the American "shipbuilding miracle" - "dreadnought of the XXI century" DDG-1000 "Zumwalt" took place. Much has been said about this extravagant ship, we will not repeat it. But we will try to answer the question that involuntarily arises in any person who is in the slightest degree familiar with the fleet: why on earth is this floating monster with a displacement of more than 14 thousand tons classified as a destroyer? Why is it not a cruiser - in terms of size and tactical purpose, the Zamvolt is the closest to this class?

But here's the paradox: according to the author, the decisive role in the classification of the new ship was not played specifications and not tactics, but the peculiarities of the English-language terminology. One might even say that linguistics is to blame. I'll try to explain.

The founders of the destroyer class appeared in England in the first half of the 1890s. They were enlarged destroyers with reinforced artillery weapons. As conceived, their main task is to fight enemy (then it was meant - French) destroyers. Therefore, they were called "torpedoboat destroyers" - "destroyers" or "fighters" of torpedo boats (let me remind you that in Russia a torpedo was called a self-propelled mine for a long time, hence the destroyers, not torpedo bombers). In practice, these fast ships have proven to be more versatile than their original specialization. Therefore, the word "torpedoboat" disappeared from the name of their class, and they began to be called simply "destroyers" - literally "destroyers". This word was borrowed by other fleets, and it spread widely throughout the world in different variations. For example, the Poles called ships of this class “destroyers” (niszczycieli), and the Yugoslavs called “destroyers” (razaraci).

Conflict - One of the first Destroyers of the British Navy, 1894

In the Russian Imperial Navy, analogs of British Destroyers appeared at the end of the 19th century, and by the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War there were already tens of units. Officially, they belonged to the class of destroyers, but since they were still larger ships, they were usually called fighters, and sometimes - destroyers, but with the addition of the word "squadron". Officially, the class of destroyers, abbreviated as destroyers, appeared in our fleet in 1907. Ships of this class, both here and abroad, developed rapidly and became an increasingly important part of the world's fleets. Destroyers are in the Russian Navy even today, although this is already an exclusively tribute to traditions. After all, modern multipurpose rocket ships for a long time and not squadron, and not destroyers at all ...

It should be noted that in modern fleets the division of surface ships into classes is generally quite arbitrary. Since warships are multipurpose, corvettes, frigates, destroyers and cruisers differ from each other only in size, and the look at the range of these sizes is very subjective. Almost the same type of ships in Italy are listed as destroyers, and in France - as frigates. Or the American destroyers of the Arleigh Burke class and the Ticonderoga-class cruisers: they are approximately the same in displacement and armament, but the former are destroyers, and the latter are cruisers. But why, then, is Zamvolt not a cruiser?

Cruiser CG-71 "Cape St. George "- one of the ships of the" Ticonderoga "

Because the class of cruisers today is dying out. Except for one relict model in the Peruvian fleet, launched over 70 years ago, only two countries remain in the world with cruisers - Russia and the United States. Moreover, in the United States, cruisers are represented only by ships of the "Ticonderoga" type, which are already being decommissioned and will be decommissioned in the near future. Thus, cruisers - the recent beauty and pride of the fleet - will remain in the past. From what? And everything is simple: this is due to the cruise boom that began a quarter of a century ago. Cruiser in English is cruiser and cruising is cruise. Cruise liner - cruise liner or cruise ship. An obvious flaw in the English-language terminology: a cruiser was confused with a passenger ship! A typical example: on a site with the world's largest collection of photographs of ships (I will not give its name, so as not to be considered an advertisement), moderators have to transfer photographs of liners to the corresponding section almost every day. Since the authors regularly place them in the "Cruisers" directory.

Nowadays the word "cruiser" is often associated with a cruise ship ...

Returning to Zamvolt, it becomes clear why American sailors like destroyers more than cruisers. Agree: to serve on a "cruiser" or on a "destroyer" - it sounds completely different. So the word "destroyer" coined more than a century ago (some attribute it to the reformer admiral and "father of the Dreadnought" Jackie Fischer) turned out to be extremely successful. The versatility of its interpretation makes it possible to call any strike ship a destroyer. Even a monster like Zamvolt.

At the end of October, the lead destroyer of the Zumwalt project was launched at the American shipyard Bath Iron Works. Named after Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000) is one of the most daring projects of recent American naval shipbuilding. Great hopes are pinned on the ships of the new project and high demands are made. The priority of the project and the atmosphere of secrecy surrounding it can be considered the main reasons that the launch of the constructed ship took place without pompous ceremony and took place under cover of night. According to reports, all celebrations should take place a little later.


Towards the DDG-1000

The Zumwalt project dates back to the early nineties. Then the American naval forces developed requirements for promising ships, which were to enter service at the beginning of the XXI century. In connection with such terms of the beginning of the ships' service, promising programs received the designations CG21 (cruiser) and DD21 (destroyer). A little later, the cruiser and destroyer development programs were renamed CG (X) and DD (X). The requirements for the new ships were quite high. Both cruisers and destroyers had to carry out a wide range of combat and non-combat missions. Depending on the situation and the need, any of the promising ships had to attack enemy ships or submarines, protect formations from air attacks, evacuate the population from dangerous zones, etc.

Already the first calculations showed that the cost of such a versatile ship may not be within reasonable limits. In this regard, Congress insisted on the closure of one of the programs. Based on the results of the analysis, it was decided to abandon the cruisers CG (X) and focus all efforts on creating destroyers. Thus, after the decommissioning of all Ticonderoga-class cruisers in the US Navy, the destroyers Arleigh Burke and DD (X) were supposed to be used as multipurpose ships with missile weapons.

For financial reasons, one project was closed, and soon the second began to have problems. Full compliance with the customer's requirements, according to calculations, should have led to a significant increase in the cost of design and construction of ships. Initially, it was planned to build 32 destroyers of the new type. However, the assessment of their cost and budgetary possibilities led to several reductions in the planned series. Several years ago, Congress cut the Zumwalt destroyer budget to a level sufficient to build only three ships. It is worth noting that after this there were proposals to complete the construction of the lead destroyer and close the too expensive project, but the Pentagon was able to defend three ships. It should also be noted that by the time the design work began on the Zumwalt project, the requirements were changed towards simplification. Because of this, the existing promising project has several major differences from the planned DD (X).

Preparations for the construction of the lead ship DDG-1000 began in the fall of 2008, and the laying ceremony took place in November 2011. At the end of October 2013, the first destroyer of the new project was launched. Preliminary work for the construction of the hull of the second ship DDG-1001 (USS Michael Monsoor) was launched in September 2009 at the Ingalls Shipbuilding plant. In 2015, it is planned to hand over the lead destroyer to the customer and continue the construction of the following ships. The order of the third destroyer DDG-1002 is planned for the 2018 financial year.

According to reports, the cost of each of the three new destroyers, taking into account the costs of creating the project, could surpass the $ 7 billion mark. For comparison, the new ships of the Arleigh Burke project cost the treasury about 1.8 billion, which is more than three times less than the cost of the Zumvolts. It should be borne in mind that the timing of the construction of the third promising destroyer, which is planned to be ordered only in 2018, may accordingly affect its price. Thus, there is every reason to believe that the total cost of the program will continue to increase.

Ship appearance

The new Zumwalt-class destroyers will serve in the US Navy for the next several decades. It is the groundwork for the future that explains the many original and bold technical solutions that immediately catch your eye. The most notable feature of the new ships is their appearance... In the past few decades, engineers have been trying to reduce the signature of ships for radar systems and have achieved some success in this. In the case of the Zumvolt destroyers, lowering the visibility became the main task in the design of the hull and superstructure contours. A promising American destroyer looks like a long and narrow platform, in the middle of which there is a superstructure of a complex shape. All the contours of the ship's surface are complex system planes conjugated to each other at different angles.

The hull of the ship has a relatively low side, which provides a decrease in visibility. It should also be noted that the sides are tilted inward. Due to the use of low sides, the authors of the project had to use an original stem of a characteristic shape. Such hull contours provide high running characteristics and at the same time reduce the ship's visibility for radars. In the mid-2000s, a demonstration boat AESD Sea Jet was built, on which the capabilities of the hull of the original shape were tested. The test results of the experimental boat showed the correctness of the calculations. Nevertheless, doubts are still expressed about the real characteristics of the new destroyer. There are suspicions that the bow of the ship will be buried in the water.

The ship USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000) turned out to be large: the length of the hull is about 183 meters, the maximum width is 24.6 m. The displacement of the destroyer is approximately equal to 14.5 thousand tons. It is noteworthy that with such dimensions and displacement, the Zumvolt ships turn out to be larger than not only the Orly Burke destroyers, but also the Ticonderoga cruisers.

In terms of their combat capabilities, promising ships should also surpass existing cruisers and destroyers. The abandonment of the CG (X) program led to the transfer of some of the functions previously assigned to the cruisers to the destroyers. Although in the course of determining the technical and financial appearance of the project, the promising destroyer lost some elements of equipment and weapons, in terms of its characteristics it should outstrip the ships of the existing types.

The USS Zumwalt uses two Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30 gas turbine engines with a total capacity of 105,000 hp as the main power plant. The engines are connected to electric generators that supply energy to all of the ship's systems, including two electric motors that rotate the propellers. This architecture of the power plant made it possible to ensure the relatively high running characteristics of the ship. Declared maximum speed destroyer exceeds 30 knots. In addition, two generators provide power to all ship systems. The parameters of the electrical system allow in the future, in the framework of modernization, to equip ships with new equipment and weapons.

The main armament of the Zumvolt destroyers is the Mk 57 universal vertical launcher. This system is a further development of a similar Mk 41 launcher used on modern cruisers and destroyers. The Zumwalt ship will carry 20 Mk 57 modules, located in different parts of the hull. Each of the modules has four missile slots. The launcher cell can hold from one to four missiles, depending on their size. It is proposed to load missiles of various types into 80 cells of launchers: anti-aircraft, anti-submarine, etc. The specific composition of the ammunition load will be determined in accordance with the tasks that the ship must perform.

The main anti-aircraft ammunition for Zumwalt destroyers will be the RIM-162 ESSM missile. Earlier it was stated that the ships 'ammunition would include SM-2, SM-3 and SM-6 missiles, but at the moment there is no new information about such ships' weapons. It is possible that work is now underway to prepare missile systems for use on promising destroyers, and the expansion of the available range of weapons will take place only after the lead ship is accepted into the Navy. To attack enemy submarines, Zumvolt-class destroyers will carry RUM-139 VL-ASROC anti-submarine missiles.

An interesting feature complex weapons destroyers Zumwalt is the fact that at the moment there is no information about the use of anti-ship missiles. Obviously, the existing RGM-84 Harpoon missiles were considered unsuitable for use on promising destroyers. A similar approach was also used in the formation of requirements for the latest series of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers.

In the bow of the DDG-1000 destroyer, it is planned to install two AGS artillery mounts with 155 mm guns. The AGS system is a turret with advanced underdeck units. An interesting feature of this artillery mount is the ammunition. Despite the caliber, the AGS system will not be able to use the existing 155 mm ammunition. The LRAPS projectile was created especially for the new shipborne artillery mount. Active-reactive ammunition is similar to a rocket: its length exceeds 2.2 meters, and after exiting the barrel, it must unfold the wings and stabilizer. With its own weight of 102 kg, the projectile will be able to carry an 11-kg warhead. Using inertial and satellite navigation systems, the LRAPS projectile will be able to hit targets at a distance of at least 80 km.

The total ammunition of the two artillery mounts will be 920 shells. In the stowage of the automatic loader of both AGS systems, there will be 600 ammunition. The large length of the projectile made it necessary to apply several interesting solutions in the design and operation of the automatic loader. So, ammunition will be supplied to the gun in an upright position. To do this, before loading the gun barrel must be raised to a vertical position. Shooting is possible with an elevation from -5 ° to + 70 °. The original automatic loader, according to official figures, provides a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute. The possibility of firing in long bursts is declared.

In the past, it has been argued that the Zumwalt destroyers could be the world's first ships to carry an electromagnetic cannon. Such developments already exist, but they are all far from being applied to military equipment... One of the main problems of this perspective is its colossal energy consumption. When using the power generators installed on the new destroyers, almost all electronic systems would have to be turned off for some time to fire from the electromagnetic gun. It is quite understandable that such features of the work put an end to the use of such systems in practice.

The artillery armament of promising destroyers consists of two AGS installations and two Swedish-made Bofors Mk 110 anti-aircraft guns. It is noteworthy that the caliber of these guns is much larger than the caliber of the previously used anti-aircraft systems. The reason for the use of 57-mm guns can be considered the fact that the power of 20- and 30-mm shells is not enough to guarantee the destruction of modern and promising anti-ship missiles. Thus, the greater power of 57 mm projectiles can compensate for the lower rate of fire at 220 rounds per minute.

In the aft part of the Zumwalt ships there is a hangar for helicopters and unmanned aircraft... The destroyers will be able to carry one SH-60 or MH-60R helicopter, as well as up to three MQ-8 drones. Thus, a small aviation group will be able to provide observation of the environment and take over part of the functions of the ship's radio-electronic complex.

To monitor the situation and control weapons, Zumvolt-class destroyers will receive a Raytheon AN / SPY-3 multifunctional radar station with an active phased antenna array. Earlier it was planned to install a second radar on new ships. Lockheed martin AN / SPY-4, but later abandoned. The use of two stations operating in different bands at once was considered too expensive and did not provide a corresponding improvement in performance. Thus, the ships under construction will be equipped with only one radar station.

Zumwalt destroyers will be able to search for submarines and mines. To do this, they will be equipped with three sonar systems AN / SQS-60, AN / SQS-61 and AN / SQR-20. The first two are installed in the ship's hull, the third has a towed hydroacoustic station. It is argued that the characteristics of the sonar systems of the new destroyers will be significantly higher than that of the equipment of the existing ships of the Arleigh Burke class.

Quality and quantity

Based on the available data, it can be assumed that the promising Zumwalt-class destroyers will become the most advanced among all the ships of the US Navy. Nevertheless, the existing advantages of a technical and combat nature, under certain circumstances, can be completely leveled existing cons... The main disadvantage of the new project is its high cost. The cost of the lead ship, taking into account development costs, is estimated at $ 7 billion. Thus, the new destroyer costs about the same as the last American Nimitz-class aircraft carrier, USS George H.W. Bush (CVN-77). Such a high cost of destroyers caused a dramatic reduction in the planned series.

Even if the austerity congressmen do not push through the abandonment of one or even two Zumwalt-class destroyers, the total number of these ships in the US Navy will remain too small. Only three destroyers - even if their characteristics are head and shoulders above all existing ships - are unlikely to have a serious impact on the overall potential of the Navy. In other words, the latest destroyers risk becoming what is commonly called a white elephant or a suitcase without a handle. An expensive project, the cost of which is in the light recent cuts funding may look unreasonably high, while maintaining existing views, it will not be able to give the expected results in relation to the combat effectiveness of the fleet.

In the context of the Zumwalt project, the Pentagon's plans for ships of the Arleigh Burke project look interesting. According to the statements of recent years, the construction of these destroyers will continue, and they will serve until the seventies of the XXI century. How long the Zumvolt destroyers will serve is not yet entirely clear. Nevertheless, even without taking into account the terms of service, we can confidently say that most of the combat work will fall on the ships of the old project.

In justification of the new ships, it should be said that a large number of new technical solutions and technologies were applied in the Zumwalt project. Therefore, promising destroyers will become a platform for testing equipment, weapons and technologies that will be used on ships of the future.












Based on materials from sites:
http://globalsecurity.org/
http://naval-technology.com/
http://raytheon.com/
http://navyrecognition.com/
http://navweaps.com/
http://baesystems.com/

English. Zumwalt class guide missile destroyers

A new type of missile-armed US Navy destroyer (also formerly known as DD (X)), with an emphasis on attacks from coastal and ground targets. This type is a smaller version of the ships of the DD-21 program, funding for which has been discontinued. The first Zumwalt-class destroyer, DDG-1000, was launched on October 29, 2013. The destroyers of this series are multipurpose and are designed to attack the enemy on the coast, fight enemy aircraft and provide fire support to troops from the sea.

The program is named after Admiral, Head of Naval Operations Elmo R. Zumwalt.

Story

Among US warships under development, the DDG-1000 should precede the Littoral Combat Ship and possibly follow the CG (X) cruiser, competing with the CVN-21 anti-aircraft. The DDG-1000 program is the result of a significant reorganization of the DD21 program, whose budget was cut by Congress by more than 50% (under the SC21 program of the 1990s).

Initially, the naval forces hoped to build 32 such destroyers. Later, this number was reduced to 24, and then to seven due to the high cost of new experimental technologies that should be included in the destroyer. The US House of Representatives remains skeptical of this program (for financial reasons) and therefore initially allocated money to the Navy only for the construction of one DDG-1000 for a "technology demonstration." Initial funding for the destroyer was included in the 2007 National Defense Authorization Act.

However, in 2007, $ 2.6 billion was allocated to finance and build two Zumwalt-class destroyers.

On February 14, 2008, Bath Iron Works was selected to build USS Zumwalt DDG-1000, and Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding was selected to build DDG-1001 at a cost of $ 1.4 billion each. According to Defense Industry Daily, the cost could rise to $ 3.2 billion per ship, plus $ 4.0 billion in the life cycle of each ship.

On July 22, 2008, it was decided to build only two such destroyers. A few weeks later, it was decided to build a third destroyer of this type.

Name
Number
Shipyard
Bookmark
Launching
Commissioning
Zamvolt
USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000)

 1000 Bath iron works November 17, 2011 29.10.2013 2016 (plan)
Michael Monsour
USS Michael Monsoor (DDG-1001)

 1001 Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding 23 May 2013 2016 (plan) 2016 (plan)
Lyndon B. Johnson
USS Lyndon B. Johnson (DDG-1002)

 1002 Bath iron works April 4, 2014 2017 (plan) 2018 (plan)

After being commissioned, the Zamvolt-class destroyers will be used in conjunction with the Arleigh Burke-class destroyers.

On December 7, 2015, the first of three destroyers, Zamvolt, estimated by this time at $ 4.4 billion, went to sea for sea trials.

Design

These ships should receive a new generation power plant, which is a combined diesel-gas turbine engine with full electric propulsion (the principle of "all-electric ship", within which a common primary source is used to generate electricity in order to ensure propulsion and power supply of all ship systems, without exception).

The hull and superstructure of the ship are surrounded by radio-absorbing materials approximately one inch thick, the number of protruding antennas has been reduced to a minimum. The composite materials of the superstructure contain wood (balsa).

Thanks to the highest degree of automation, the ship's crew is only 140 people.

The ship's armament consists of 20 Mk-57 universal launchers with a total capacity of 80 Tomahawk missiles, two 155-mm long-range artillery mounts and 30-mm anti-aircraft guns. The destroyer provides for the basing of a helicopter and unmanned aerial vehicles.

The ship's displacement is approaching 15 thousand tons, which makes the Zamvolta the largest modern non-aircraft-carrying warships in the world after the Soviet / Russian nuclear-powered missile cruisers of Project 1144, which displacement reaches 26 thousand tons.

The cost of the program for the US Navy will be $ 22 billion (the figure will be adjusted, but it is expected that the increase in costs will not exceed 15%).

TTX

Main characteristics

Displacement: 14,564 long tons (gross)
-Length: 183 m
-Width: 24.6 m
- Draft: 8.4 m
-Reservation: Kevlar protection of individual nodes is possible
-Engines: 2 x Rolls-Royce Marine Trent-30 GTU
-Power: 78 MW
-Progress speed: 30 knots (55.56 km / h)
-Crew: 148 people

The US and NATO aggression against Yugoslavia, Iraq, Libya, the prospect of an invasion of Syria clearly showed that the end “ cold war”Does not at all mean the onset of an era of universal peace.

Proof of this is the US policy in the field of the development of its armed forces, in particular such an important component as the Navy. If during the Cold War the main task of the US Navy in the event of a crisis situation There were actions against the USSR fleet in the vastness of the World Ocean and the main emphasis was on the fight against submarines, but now the focus is shifting to the actions of the fleet in coastal waters.

To implement this doctrine at an accelerated pace, the development of ships intended for operations "fleet against coast" is underway. One of them is a multipurpose destroyer DDG-1000 "Zamvolt" ("Zumvalt").

DDG-1000 "ZAMVOLT" - THE DESTROYER OF THE XXI CENTURY

Destroyer "Zamvolt" emerged from the project of a larger ship of the future - DD-21, which began to be developed by the United States in the 90s. last century, but for financial reasons was never fully implemented.

In 2011, the first destroyer of the DDG-1000 Zamvolt series was laid down. These multifunctional ships are intended, first of all, to perform a wide range of tasks in the coastal zone: from fire support of units of the marines and other ground forces (previously this function was performed by the now decommissioned Iowa-class battleships), anti-aircraft and anti-missile defense to evacuation of the civilian population and the provision of diplomatic missions. When developing the destroyer, the emphasis was placed on the possibility of gaining dominance in the coastal maritime zone, air defense and strikes against ground targets. As part of the Combined Expeditionary Force, the Zamwalt destroyers will carry out a US forward presence and "force projection" anywhere in the world.

Once commissioned, Zamvolt is to become one of the most efficient surface combatants in the world. What are the differences that make it the "ship of the future"?

First of all, when designing the DDG-1000, the focus was on the maximum reduction in radar signature. This is achieved by a number of engineering solutions: the most smooth deck without unnecessary details, a "chopped" hull with a pyramidal superstructure made of composite radio-absorbing materials, parallelism of all lines. The special design of the exhaust system and the complete abandonment of masts also reduce the ship's radar and infrared signatures. The hull of the DDG-1000 has the outlines characteristic of ships of the early 20th century: a side heaped inward and an unusual breakwater bow. This is done so that radio waves, hitting the ship's hull, are reflected into the sky and not onto the water. As a result, the effective scattering area of ​​the destroyer when irradiated by radar decreased to the RCS level of a fishing schooner. Thus, "Zamvolt" becomes largely "invisible" to modern means of electronic intelligence.

Separately, we should dwell on the architecture of the superstructure, which carries a number of innovations. The superstructure is made without protruding parts. At the same time, all radar emitters and communication antennas are integrated into it. There are no rotating parts at all.

A single general ship computer network will connect all the nodes and systems of the destroyer, providing control of the ship, weapons, maintenance etc. At the same time, the DDG-1000 is designed according to the principle of "open architecture". At Zamvolta, for the first time, the so-called “general computing shipborne environment” was applied, which is a practical implementation of the “US Navy Open Architecture Strategy”. The latter will allow the US Navy in the future to completely transfer its ships to the use of standardized software, which will become, regardless of the computer hardware used, a universal base for controlling any ship.

Well-thought-out integration of ship systems, further automation and maximum simplification of control made it possible to reduce the ship's crew to 148 people - about half the number on the Orly Burke destroyer of the previous generation.

WEAPON OF ZAMVOLT destroyers

Role artillery main caliber in the armament of "Zamvolta" is especially important, since the "destroyer of the future" is positioned as a fire support ship for ground forces and marines. The unrealized projects DD-21 and the "arsenal ship" were supposed to have more serious fire support capabilities. After the battleships "Iowa", performing these functions, were withdrawn from the fleet, the US Marine Corps can only count on the support of the artillery of small ships. This caused serious concern to the leadership of the US Marine Corps, which began to insist that Zamwalt should take over the fire support functions.

Zamvolt will be equipped with two 155-mm single-barreled gun mounts new type AGS (AdvancedGunSystem) development "BAE Systems" The estimated range of fire at stationary ground targets will be up to 83 nautical miles (about 154 km), with a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute per barrel and automatic reloading (ammunition - 920 shots, of which 600 are in the automatic loader). In terms of firing range, the Zamvolta's artillery significantly surpasses the AU of all existing ships. For comparison, the Orly Burke destroyers' artillery fire range is only 12 nautical miles.

The use of active-reactive guided munitions of increased accuracy LRLAP and the use of a global positioning system will provide unprecedented firing accuracy. It is proposed to use both high-explosive ammunition and projectiles with increased penetrating ability to destroy highly protected targets (concrete bunkers, etc.).

To prevent overheating of the gun barrels, their water cooling is provided. The casings of the guns, like all other structural elements of the ship, are made using stealth technology. For the purpose of radar camouflage, the barrels of the guns are retractable into the turret.

All this will allow "Zamvolt", moving along the enemy coast, to quickly and extremely effectively hit the coastal infrastructure and military facilities of the enemy: port facilities, naval bases, fortifications, etc. Range, accuracy and rate of fire make only two AGS installations equivalent in power to a battery of 12 ground howitzers.

In the future, it is possible that Zamvolta's gunpowder artillery mounts will be replaced by rail ones.

Melee artillery Zamvolta is represented by two automatic Mk.110 automatic guns of 57 mm caliber. Their rate of fire is 240 rds / min. These AUs are nothing special. They are considered anti-aircraft artillery, but their capabilities are clearly insufficient in the fight against modern means air attack. Their presence in the armament of the ship is rather expedient for close self-defense in clashes with pirates, smugglers and the like. The ship is also equipped with four 12.7 mm machine gun mounts.

DDG-1000 will be able to attack ground, sea and air targets using missiles placed in universal launcherMk.57... Its ammunition load, loaded into four 20-cell launchers (80 cells in total), consists of Tomahawk and Tactical Tomahawk guided missiles (for strikes against ground targets or ships), promising missiles FLAM for strikes against ground targets, ESSM anti-aircraft missiles, ASROC anti-submarine missiles. The range of destruction of ground targets with Tactical Tomahawk missiles can be up to 2400 km. The ammunition load of 80 missiles is less than on the destroyer Orly Burke (96 missiles). Ammunition had to be sacrificed, firstly, because the Mk.57 UVP is designed for heavier launch containers (up to 4 tons), and secondly, the architecture of the launcher itself has changed. Her armored cells are located along the perimeter of the deck along the sides. In the event of the destruction of one cell with a missile, this will avoid detonation of the ammunition load and will minimize damage to the internal systems of the ship.

Deserve special attention capabilities of "Zamvolt" in the field of air defense / missile defense ... Here, first of all, the issue of equipping a destroyer with Standard missiles: SM-2, SM-3, SM-6, which are used to intercept ballistic missiles, is urgent.

At one time in the United States, a project was developed for the promising air defense cruiser CG (X). However, in January 2005, John Young, Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development, fully confident in the capabilities of the new Zamvolta radar, said he did not see the need for a separate air defense cruiser. The prevailing opinion was that the new "super-destroyer" would be able to completely close this niche as well.

However, on July 31, 2008, Vice Admiral Barry McCullough (Chief of Naval Operations and Resource and Capability Integration) and Allison Stiller (Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Ship Programs) stated that Zamwalt was not fully capable of providing air defense. , since it cannot use the SM-2, SM-3 and SM-6 missiles. To this, representatives of Raytheon (one of the main developers) said that the radar and combat system DDG-1000, in fact, are the same as those of ships compatible with SM-2 missiles, which means that there are no fundamental obstacles to the use of missiles of the "Standard" type.

In fact, when the United States began developing its missile defense system, the ships were equipped only with the Lockheed Martin Aegis BIUS, and it is natural that all software for the purposes of missile defense, it is created and operates on the basis of the latter. Zamvolt is equipped with another combat information management system - TSCE-I. Thus, although both the DDG-1000 and DDG-51 (Orly Burke) platforms are compatible with Standard missiles, only the DDG-51 platform is still suitable for strategic missile defense (intercepting ballistic missiles). The TSCE-I system is only planned to be improved in this direction.

Aviation group The destroyer can include one MH-60 anti-submarine helicopter or two SH-60 anti-submarine helicopters, as well as several Fire Scout helicopter-type UAVs. The drones will provide intelligence collection, assessment of the results of fire strikes and, possibly, even strike at some targets. The air group will be based in a spacious helicopter hangar, and the landing pad will occupy the entire aft deck.

INTELLIGENCE AND COMBAT CONTROL SYSTEMS

Almost all of the weapons described above are nothing fundamentally new, with the exception of some samples of promising missiles. What, then, is the combat advantage of the "destroyer of the future" over conventional surface ships? The answer becomes obvious when considering the electronics of Zamvolt.

Tactical and technical characteristics destroyers DDG-1000 "Zamvolt"

Displacement

Reservation

Launch cell protection

Power point

2xGTU Rolls Royce Marine Trent-30 with a capacity of 78 MW (105,000 hp)

Speed

30 knots (55.56 km / h)

148 people

Armament:

Rocket

UVP Mk.57 4x20 cells

Main artillery

2x155 mm gun mount AGS

Melee artillery

2x57 mm AU Mk. 110

4x12.7 mm machine gun mounts

Air group

1-2 anti-submarine helicopters, several UAVs

Electronics

Multifunctional radar AN / SPY-3

IUSW underwater enemy combat system

The huge advantage of the DDG-1000 is its multifunctional AN / SPY-3 radar. First time in American battleship A radar station with an active phased antenna array will be installed - six flat phased arrays, providing a three-dimensional view of the air and surface situation in the azimuth range of 360 ° around the destroyer.

But the full advantages of the AN / SPY-3 are manifested when conducting combat with guided missiles. The fact is that all modern ships, even those equipped with the Aegis BIUS, are capable of simultaneously shelling only limited quantity targets, since each missile launched needs a separate signal from the target illumination radar. The Orly Burke-class destroyer has three such radars, the Ticonderoga cruiser has four, and the 1164 Atlant cruiser has only one. At the same time, no more missiles can be in the air than there are target illumination radars on the ship.

Zamvolt, equipped with the latest AN / SPY-3 phased array radar, is free of these limitations. The AN / SPY-3 active phased array consists of thousands of radiating elements grouped into several hundred transceiver modules. Each such module allows you to form a narrow beam for the study of a specific quadrant of space. Zamvolta's radar is equivalent to hundreds of conventional radars, and the capabilities of computing systems exceed all possible needs. Thus, "Zamvolt" can simultaneously fire hundreds of air targets, ballistic and cruise missiles firing their rockets like a machine gun.

In addition to viewing, tracking and target recognition functions, the AN / SPY-3 active phased arrays are designed for direct control of the ship's weapons: programming the autopilots of missile systems, target illumination for semi-active homing heads of Standard-2 and ESSM anti-aircraft missiles, and artillery fire control.

Also, AN / SPY-3 is capable of performing the functions of a navigation radar, automatically scanning the sea surface in search of floating mines and submarine periscopes, conducting counter-battery warfare and electronic reconnaissance.

One multifunctional AN / SPY-3 radar will be able to replace several types of radars at once used by the US Navy ships, including:

  • Aegis system AN / SPY-1 airborne illumination radar,
  • Target illumination radar AN / SPG-62,
  • navigation radar AN / SPS-67,
  • AN / SPQ-9 artillery fire control radar.

With many advantages, the AN / SPY-3 has only one drawback - the extremely high cost.

Since the DD-1000 will have to operate in coastal zones, where mines and diesel-electric submarines are especially dangerous, new technologies have been developed to counter this under the IUSW-21 (Integrated Undersea Warfare) program, i.e. Zamvolt will be the first American ship specially designed and equipped to deal with an underwater enemy in the coastal zone. The IUSW system combines two groups of sonars: high-frequency sonars are designed to avoid sea mines, and mid-frequency (AN / SQQ-90) - to detect and combat submarines, as well as protect against torpedo attacks.

The sonar system of the Zamvolta is better than the sonar of the destroyer Orly Burke, adapted for operations not in shallow water, but inferior to the latter in efficiency in deep-water areas.

Zamvolta's "shared computing environment" includes 16 single-board computers running the Unix-like system LynxOS (developed by LynuxWorks), housed in high-strength containers that are protected from shock, vibration and electromagnetic fields.

POWER PLANT

The ship's power system is powered by two gas turbine power plants Rolls-Royce Marinetrent-30 with a total capacity of 78 MW. The propulsion system of the vessel is based on modern asynchronous electric motors, which will allow Zamvolt to reach speeds of up to 30 knots (about 55 km / h).

As warships improve and become more sophisticated, the energy expenditure on the ship's movement itself will make up a smaller part of their total number. More and more energy will be spent on the functioning of ship systems and mechanisms. Unprecedented performance in radar, computing and other electronic systems will require the appropriate power of the ship's power plant.

Nevertheless, the power plant "Zamvolta" has the required characteristics. Moreover, in the future, it is possible to install on the ship instead of the current gun mounts rail or laser guns, the operation of which will require even more energy consumption.

Unlike the existing warships, the Zamvolt will be equipped with an integrated power plant IPS (IntegratedPowerSystem), which will be able to redistribute energy between various ship systems, based on their current needs. The Zamvolt has already been called an "all-electric ship." The distinctive features of IPS are reduced noise level and economy.

LIVING

The ship is equipped with an autonomous fire extinguishing system AFSS (AutonomicFireSuppressionSystem)... It includes sensors, cameras and automatic fire extinguishing equipment and allows you to react to a dangerous event within a minimum time. This increases the survivability of the ship in both peaceful and war time, while reducing the number of crew members required to carry out repair and restoration work.

PROJECT HISTORY AND CONSTRUCTION PROSPECTS

The DD-21 "destroyer of the XXI century" program began to be developed back in 1991. After receiving certain developments, in 2001 the program was stopped, and on its basis was launched new program DD (X), which resulted in "Zamvolt". The contract for the development of the new ship was awarded to Northrop-Grumman, and Raytheon became the main integrator of electronic and combat systems.

In 2005, the construction of a series of the first seven DDG-1000 ships was approved. In total, it was planned to build 32 ships. However, an acute lack of finance canceled plans for the massive construction of expensive ($ 3.2 billion each, plus $ 4 billion - the cost life cycle) "Destroyers of the future." After lengthy hesitation, it was decided to build only three Zamvolt-class ships. At present, the US military-political leadership sees the modernization of the existing Orly Burke destroyers more expedient.

On November 17, 2011, the lead ship of the series, DDG-1000 Zamvolt, was laid down. The construction was entrusted to Baz Iron Works. Readiness for this moment is 80%. On October 29, 2013, the ship was launched. Delivery is planned for 2015.

The second ship - DDG-1001 "Michael Monsour" - was laid down on May 23, 2013 by Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding, readiness - 48%, delivery is planned for 2016.

The third ship, DDG-1002 Lyndon Johnson, will also be built by Baz Iron Works.

All three ships are likely to be stationed in the Pacific Ocean.

Despite the high combat power of the Zamvolts, the extremely small number of this series of ships is unlikely to allow them to significantly affect the balance of power in the World Ocean. At the same time, the concepts and technologies applied in the Zamvolt destroyers will become defining in the US military shipbuilding for the next 50 years.

(Prepared based on materials from the site http://www.raytheon.com for the portal "Modern Army" www.site)

 

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