From the history of the cruiser "Admiral Makarov". Light cruiser "Nuremberg" Cruiser Nuremberg

On January 27, the cruiser arrives in Copenhagen - the war is over for him - there was a catastrophic shortage of oil in Germany, and the crew of a completely combat-ready cruiser, as spectators, had to indifferently watch the agony of Germany. The last episode of the war was the repulsion on 5 May of an attempt by members of the Danish resistance movement to destroy the ship using an exploding boat. The attack was repulsed by the fire of anti-aircraft guns. The loss of the crew was 4 people.

Light cruiser "Nuremberg". 1944 (exterior and top view)

Light cruiser "Nuremberg". 1945 (exterior view)

On May 8, Germany surrendered to the Western allies, on May 9 to the USSR. Life on the German ships that ended up in Copenhagen went on as before. On the evening of May 9, a company of the 13th parachute battalion of the 6th British Airborne Division landed at Copenhagen airport, then British sailors appeared. They were joined by war correspondent Woodward, who witnessed the following historical scene: "A battered Volkswagen with a large white flag drove around Kongrens Nyutrow, Copenhagen's main square, and taxied to the D'Angleterre Hotel, where the British administration intended to camp.

In the car sat two deathly pale German naval officers in shabby leather coats and rumpled caps. The gold stripes have faded. There were also a chauffeur sailor and a grim woman in the uniform blouse of the women's auxiliary corps.

Light cruiser "Nuremberg" in May 1945 (two photos above) and with the destroyer T 33 on the roadstead of Wilhelmshaven at the end of 1945.

The woman got out of the car and walked towards the only man in the British uniform whom the Germans could see. This was a war correspondent, and by a happy coincidence, the author of this book. He stood at the door of the hotel and talked to the receptionist. The woman said she had arrived with two officers authorized to process the surrender of German ships in port. "(Thuleye T. Woodward D. Twilight of the Sea Gods, pp. 476-477). The German officers were dispatched to a shocked receptionist and a correspondent to the administration room where the British naval officers were.

Soon "Nuremberg" and all other ships in the port nominally came under British control. The ammunition was unloaded from the cruiser and on May 24-26 it was transferred under the protection of the British cruisers Devonshire and Dido to Copenhagen, and then to Wilhelmshaven. In Wilhelmshaven, "Nuremberg" was waiting for the decision of their fate.

In the summer of 1945, the former allies divided up the remnants of the German fleet. "Nuremberg" entered the Soviet share. As soon as this became known to the British, who had not forgotten the self-flooding of the German fleet at Scapa Flow, they immediately took action. On Sunday, December 16, 1945, Operation Silver was carried out - the marines occupied the ships transferred to the USSR, the German crews were transferred to prisoner of war camps, the cruiser was docked to avoid "accidents".

On November 5 (according to other sources, 19), the ship was enlisted in the lists of the Soviet Navy. In Kronstadt, the formation of a "special command" for the acceptance of "Nuremberg" has begun, it included 309 people, including 21 officers. The first Soviet commander was appointed Captain 2nd Rank S.S. Vorkov, commander of the Black Sea Guards destroyer "Soobrazitelny" in 1941-1944.

December 1945 Soviet sailors arrived in Wilhelmshaven and began to accept the cruiser. The official handover ceremony was held on January 2, 1946. On the "Nuremberg" they raised the flag of Vice Admiral Yu.F. Ralla, and the transferred ships left for Liepaja, where they arrived on 5 January. The Lembit submarine was already there. It was then that the conversation between the commanders of the cruiser and the submarine took place. Later in his memoirs A.M. Matiyasevich spoke very well of Gissler.

The official act on the transfer of the cruiser was signed, the German crew was transferred to the floating base and sent to the western zone of occupation.

Concluding the history of "Nuremberg", it should be noted that its last commander - Gissler founded the society of veterans "Scharnhorst" and "Nuremberg". Now it is the only active veteran organization of the Kriegsmarine.

On February 13, the cruiser was renamed "Admiral Makarov" and on February 15, 1946, she was enlisted in the North Baltic Fleet with the main base in Tallinn. After the crew mastered the ship, the routine service began. Every year "Admiral Makarov" came to Leningrad for the May and November holidays. At this time, the designers of TsKB-17 were developing a project for the modernization of the cruiser. The work was carried out in 1949-1951.

Almost all light anti-aircraft weapons were removed from the cruiser. Only 2 quad 20mm submachine guns remained. On board appeared K) double-barreled 37-mm machine guns of the B-11 model. German electronic weapons were supplemented by the Soviet Redan-2 fire control radar. Later, all radar stations were replaced by domestic counterparts.

In the summer, the cruiser was engaged in combat training, and in the winter she stood up to the factory wall.

In September 1951, "Admiral Makarov" became a "film actor", he starred in the film "Unforgettable 1919", portraying the British cruiser "Diomede". On October 13, 1954 (according to other sources, on December 24, 1955), the ship was reclassified as a training cruiser and transferred to the Kronstadt naval fortress. In the summer of 1957, a large campaign with cadets took place in the Baltic and the North Sea.

On the 27th m & rta in 1956 it was decided to transfer the ship to the North. At the same time, they planned to use it in nuclear weapons tests on Novaya Zemlya. On August 28, 1958, this decision was canceled, on February 20, 1959, "Admiral Makarov" was excluded from the lists of the fleet, transferred to the Stock Property Department for dismantling for metal. According to some reports, the dismantling of the cruiser was delayed, and until the end of the 1960s it was used as a floating barracks in Kronstadt.

The book covers the history of design, construction and combat service of the last German light cruisers of the Second World War - Leipzig and Nuremberg.

The naval operations and battles of the Second World War, in which these ships participated, are described in detail, as well as the unrealized projects of light cruisers that were being developed in Germany before the Second World War.

For a wide range of readers interested in military history and the history of shipbuilding.

Sections of this page:

On June 16, 1933 (according to other sources, March 16, 1933), a cruiser was ordered to the Deutsche Werke plant in Kiel, which received the code name "Kreuzer F" or "Ersatz Nymphe". The ship was laid down on November 4, 1933, the baptism and launching ceremony was held on December 8, 1934 - the cruiser was named "Nuremberg". He inherited the name from the cruiser of the Kaiser fleet, who died in the battle near the Falkland Islands. At the celebrations, Oberburgmaster Willy Lebel made a speech; Frau Walburg Lefeldt, the daughter of the commander of the deceased "Nuremberg", became the godmother. The ceremony was also attended by the widow of the commander, Frau Alice von Schonberg. The ceremony took place on the twentieth anniversary of the Battle of the Falkland Islands.

On November 2, 1935, the ship entered the fleet, at first the flag of the already defunct Weimar Republic was raised on it, but five days later, on November 7, the naval flag of the Third Reich was raised on it.

From November to April 1936, the cruiser was tested in the Baltic Sea, occasionally returning to the plant to eliminate the discovered deficiencies. After the completion of the tests, on April 9, 1936, she became the flagship of the Navy Reconnaissance Force and Rear Admiral Bem raised the flag on it. From April 14 to May 8, the first Atlantic voyage of the "Nuremberg" took place. The cruiser visited Santa Cruz, Lisbon, then underwent a combat training course. From August to October, the ship was in Spanish waters, providing assistance to the rebels of General Franco. In November-December, the second trip to Spanish waters took place. On November 19 "Nuremberg" got into a storm, cracks appeared on it in the hull and on the upper deck. Upon returning to Germany, the ship underwent repairs with the correction of damage and then a short course of combat training. In April-May 1937 he made the third trip to Spanish waters.

"Nuremberg" before and during the parade. August 22, 1936

"Nuremberg" at anchor. A seaplane is lifted onto the ship with an arrow

Returning to Germany, "Nuremberg" was engaged in combat training both individually and as part of the formation. In July-August he made the next, fourth trip to Spanish waters. The return passage to Germany took place as part of a squadron: with the armored ship Admiral Graf Spee and the 4th destroyer flotilla. Upon returning to their native waters, the squadron took part in the autumn maneuvers, where the naval torpedo firing became the brightest page. From September 29 to November 20, Nuremberg underwent routine repairs at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel. In December, a series of training torpedo firing took place.

The first two months of the new 1938, the cruiser carried out various torpedo and artillery fires, and in March she took part in the maneuvers of the Reconnaissance Forces, in April-June it underwent repairs at a construction shipyard and after leaving the repairs, a short course of combat training. From June 29 to July 7, a training trip to Norwegian waters took place, after which the cruiser returned to the Baltic, where she then conducted torpedo firing, and in August, artillery fire.

On August 22, the cruiser, like the entire German fleet, took part in the launching parade heavy cruiser"Prince Eugen". Demonstration maneuvers took place after the parade. After the end of the celebrations, the "Nuremberg" returned to normal service: at the end of September it took part in large autumn maneuvers, from November 12 to 20, before the forging in Kiel, in December a series of artillery fires. On December 8, Nuremberg took part in the launching ceremony of the Graf Zeppelin aircraft carrier.

In January 1939, the cruiser underwent individual combat training. On February 14, the cruiser took part in the launching of the battleship Bismarck and then, after the end of the celebrations, was undergoing maintenance in Kiel. Already in March, Nuremberg participates in a "bloodless" aggression against Memel. On April 1, the next celebrations took place, this time dedicated to the launching of the battleship Tirpitz. From May 2 to 4, the cruiser made a series of runs on the measuring line at Pillau, from May 6 to 10, a visit to the Swedish port of Gothenburg took place, from May 10 to 14, bypassing the Norwegian fiords. In June, "Nuremberg" conducted a series of artillery fires at sea and air targets and took part in fleet maneuvers; August - torpedo firing, in the middle of August the mobilization of the German fleet began, and in the twenties the blockade of the Polish coast.

View from the foremast to the rangefinders and left waist of the Nuremberg (three photos above). At anchor. 1938 g.

After three Polish destroyers left for England, the command of the German fleet decided to transfer the cruisers Leipzig and Nuremberg to the North Sea, and on September 1 they proceeded to the Kiel Canal.

At the beginning of the war, one of the main tasks of the German fleet was the setting up of the Westwall minefield system. On the night of September 3 to 4, Nuremberg as part of the compound (Leipzig, minelayer"Grille" and the 6th torpedo boat flotilla) took part in setting up one of the fragments of this obstacle. On the night of September 5-6, a similar operation took place: the German formation included the cruisers Nuremberg, Leipzig, the destroyers Georg Thiele, Friedrich Inn, Erich Steinbrink, Friedrich Ekoldt and three destroyers. Throughout September and early October, the cruiser performed various tasks.

On October 6, 1939, during one of the exits to the sea, together with the destroyer Falk, the Nuremberg was attacked by the British submarine Seawulf. The torpedoes missed their target. Probably, after this exit, the cruiser leaves the North Sea and goes to the Baltic, then from mid-October to early November, repairs take place in Kiel.

On October 21, Rear Admiral Gunther Lutyens took over as Commander of the Reconnaissance Force. He chose Nuremberg as his flagship. But in fact, his flag was raised on the ship on November 9. After the completion of the work, the ship returns to the combat area, and the first task of the cruiser was to meet the German destroyers who laid mines off the English coast. The first operation of this kind was carried out on the night of November 12-13, the cruisers Nuremberg, Konigsberg and destroyers from the 6th flotilla took part in the operation. Everything went well. The second operation took place on the night of November 17-18, this time, in addition to Nuremberg, the Königsberg and a slightly different composition of destroyers from the same 6th flotilla entered the sea.

When returning to the "Nuremberg" there was an accident of the mechanisms. The speed dropped to 25 knots. After a short repair, the cruiser returns to the fleet again. On the evening of December 12, Nuremberg will launch the Leipzig and Cologne compound into the sea.

December 13, 1939 "Nuremberg" and "Leipzig" were torpedoed by the British submarine "Salmon". The first to receive a torpedo was "Leipzig" (11 hours 25 minutes). Then the flagship's signalmen saw the tracks of two more torpedoes. The evasion maneuver was partially successful - only one torpedo missed the target. At 11:27 a.m. the second torpedo hit the Nuremberg.

An explosion thundered in the bow, part of the bow below the waterline was torn off, and the water very quickly flooded the bow compartments. Crew losses were insignificant, only 16 wounded. The power plant was not damaged. At 11:28 am G. Lutyens sent a radiogram to the command of the West Navy group: “Leipzig and Nuremberg were torpedoed. At the same time, traces of three more torpedoes were found, the German sailors were lucky, they passed the target. something from the crew imagined a periscope, and several shots were fired from the aft turret.

"Nuremberg" in Norwegian waters. 1941-1942

Compared to Leipzig, the damage to the flagship was insignificant. The flow of water was quickly stopped, but due to the destruction in the bow, the maneuverability of the ship deteriorated, the speed dropped to 18 knots. Due to the concussion, problems arose in the artillery fire control system. At 12 o'clock, the bridge from the power and survivability post reported on the completion of work to reinforce the bulkheads. At 12 h 10 min | "Nuremberg" attacked two British aircraft, after which G. Lutyens decided to split his compound into two parts. Destroyers were assigned to each cruiser. "Nuremberg" got the "Künne", and on the morning of December 14, they reached their shores without further incident, and then the damaged cruiser proceeded to the Kiel Canal to the builder shipyard, which began repair work.

The renovation was completed on April 29, 1940. From 14 to 19 June, the Nuremberg, together with the destroyer Erich Steinbripk and minesweepers from the 2nd Flotilla, were guarding the Levante transport, with mountain riflemen on board, taking part in an operation codenamed Nord. The passage of the convoy from Kiel to Drotheim proceeded without incident.

On July 25, 1940, the cruiser becomes the flagship of the formation. It includes the destroyers Hans Lodi, Friedrich Inn, Paul Jacobi, Karl Galster. The purpose of the operation was to ensure the transfer of the damaged battleship "Gneisenau" to Germany for repairs. The first day of the crossing was uneventful, on the 26th there was a meeting with the destroyers. Soon one of them, "Luhs", perishes from a mysterious underwater explosion. On July 28, the convoys arrived at the port of destination.

The end of 1940 passed for Nuremberg in routine service. On the night of December 4-5, "Nuremberg" and "Cologne" went to sea for a mine laying in the Kattegat and Skagerrak straits, but due to bad weather the forthcoming operation "Frankfurt" was canceled.

Damage to the German light cruiser Nuremberg on December 13, 1939

(From the book by I.M. Korotkin Combat damage to surface ships. Sudpromgiz. 1960.)

On December 13, 1939, the cruiser, sailing at a speed of 24 knots, was torpedoed by an English submarine. The center of the torpedo explosion fell on the starboard side in the bow of the ship (compartment XVI) in the area of 163 shp, 3 m below the waterline. The state of the sea at the moment of torpedoing is 3-4 points. As a result of the explosion, the ship received the following damage.

On the body. The bow end of the ship was destroyed up to 156 sp. (8 m from the center of the explosion) while the upper 2-3 belts of the bow end of the side, together with the anchor hawses, remained intact. Shirstrek stretching from 49 to 118 shp. (70 m) in 9 places had breaks along welds and whole metal. The same gaps formed over a large extent in the underlying chanting of the side. In addition, many weld breaks were noted in the zygomatic, keel.

The upper deck received many, up to 3 m long breaks (mostly transverse) in the range from 40 to 118 shp. (more than 75 m). Many longitudinal underdecks were broken. The second bottom got short breaks in the area of compartments V and VI (the premises of the power plant and diesel engines). The appearance of a large number of cracks in the superstructure of the ship, in particular, along its vertical walls, was noted. The equipment in the superstructures was damaged and partially out of order, the bow compartments XV and XVI were flooded in height to the lower deck and in length up to 150 sh. Despite the flooding of the bow compartments, the ship had almost no trim. The overall strength of the ship as a result of the destruction suffered so much that the ship was in danger of breaking.

Mechanisms and electrical equipment. The main machinery was intact, but the shaft lines were disrupted by the shock. Separate damages of auxiliary mechanisms, diesel engines, switchboards and electric cables were noted. Searchlights ripped from their foundations.

Armament. The main caliber towers Nos. 1 and 3 received various damages and went out of action for 10 hours. From damage to the armored cable, the control of one anti-aircraft gun was partially out of order, which was put into operation 4 hours after the damage.

Light cruiser "Nuremberg"

The ship remained afloat and could independently go to the base to carry out repairs, which lasted several months.

Conclusions. The hit of 1 torpedo (340 kg of TGA-type explosive) into the bow of the cruiser "Nuremberg" led to significant damage, weakening the overall strength of the hull and the ship's failure for several months.

2. The amount of damage received by the ship was significant and included the destruction of the bow end (without tearing it off) and the flooding of part of the bow rooms, separate damage to auxiliary mechanisms, electrical equipment and weapons due to shock shocks. It should be noted that the armoring of the bow limited the amount of destruction of the hull in this area and may have contributed to the fact that the bow of the ship was not completely torn off. Based on the experience of damage to this ship by the Germans, it was concluded that it was necessary to strengthen the overall strength of the cruiser hull, especially due to its upper connections.

3. The actions of the personnel in the fight for the survivability of the ship mainly consisted in the restoration of out of order weapons.

Light cruiser "Nuremberg"

On February 7, 1941, "Nuremberg", together with the three remaining cruisers, actually becomes a training ship. Until September, the cruiser performed its new duties. On September 8, the command of the German fleet gave the order to form the "Baltic Fleet". The Nuremberg became part of the Northern Group and from September 25 to October 1 cruised off the Aland Islands, first with the linear forces, then with the destroyers of the 8th Flotilla. On September 29, the cruiser collided with the tanker Rigel, receiving minor damage.

At the end of 1941, A. Hitler declared Norway a "zone of fate" and ordered the transfer of the main forces of the German fleet there. "Nuremberg" was one of them, but the execution of the order was delayed. From January to August 1942, the cruiser is at the factory wall, passing overhaul, during which the turbines were replaced and the anti-aircraft weapons were strengthened. After the completion of the work, "Nuremberg" passed tests, then a course of combat training and from November 11 to December 2 moved to Norway to replace the "Admiral Scheer" leaving for Germany for overhaul. The cruiser did not take part in the hostilities. After the "New Year's Battle" A. Hitler ordered the withdrawal from the fleet of all heavy ships, which the new Commander-in-Chief of the Navy K. Doenitz still managed to defend. As for the "Nuremberg", it was returned to training cruisers.

On March 7, 1943, the cruiser was at Narvik in Bohemian Bay. A strong wind was blowing, and the ship was blown into the anti-torpedo fence net. The propellers got entangled in the net, the minesweepers and the tug arrived in time and pulled the ship away, and later the divers began to clean them up. In May 1943, the Nuremberg was returned to Germany. During the crossing at Stavanger, he was attacked by two British torpedo boats but to no avail. The rest of the way passed without incident. After arriving in Germany, the cruiser was enlisted in a detachment of training ships. In this capacity, he served until the end of 1944. On March 30, 1944, the first fire occurred on the ship in the infirmary, and on June 13, 1944, the second (ignition of cables in the 3rd compartment). Both fires were quickly extinguished.

"Nuremberg" during the Second World War

On October 12, the Nuremberg as part of the formation conducted maneuvers east of Bornholm Island, where German ships were discovered by the Soviet submarine Lembit (Captain 3rd Rank AM Matiyasevich). Since they performed various maneuvers, and, moreover, at high speed, attempts to launch the attack were unsuccessful, and A.M. Matiyasevich only had to observe the course of the exercises in the periscope. On the "Nuremberg" nothing was known about the presence of a Soviet submarine. According to A.M. Matiyasevich, who talked with the cruiser commander Captain 1st Rank G. Gissler after the war, the signalmen still found the periscope, but did not believe their reports.

Light cruiser "Nuremberg". 1939 g.

(Longitudinal section, top view and external views of superstructures after modernization)

Light cruiser "Nuremberg"

(camouflage painting of the ship during different periods of service)

On October 28, the exercises Admiral Scheer, Luttsov, Admiral Hipper, the 6th destroyer flotilla and 2 destroyers were held in the central part of the Baltic Sea. But due to a severe storm, the exercise program was reduced, and the ships returned to base. Later, "Nuremberg" did not have to take part in the shelling of the advancing units of the Soviet Army. On January 3, 1945, the cruiser goes to sea from Swinemünde for a mine laying in the waters of southern Norway. The operation was attended by minelayers "Linz" and "Alsace". The course of the operation was overshadowed by the death of the minelayer "Alsace" on January 5 (according to other sources, 6) on German mines off the Danish coast. After the completion of the operation, the cruiser was in Oslo Fiord.

After a short break, on January 13-14, 1945, another operation took place to set the Titus-1 defensive minefield. The operation was attended by the cruiser Nuremberg (flag of the destroyer commander Rear Admiral L. Kreisch), minelayer Linz, destroyers Theodor Riedel, Friedrich Inn, destroyers T-19, T-20 and 7 minesweeping boats from the 8th flotilla. The operation was successful despite opposition from British aircraft. There were no losses in the German compound.

Light cruiser "Nuremberg". 1944 (exterior and top view)

Light cruiser "Nuremberg". 1945 (exterior view)

On May 8, Germany surrendered to the Western Allies, on May 9 before. Life on the German ships that ended up in Copenhagen went on as before. On the evening of May 9, a company of the 13th parachute battalion of the 6th British Airborne Division landed at Copenhagen airport, then British sailors appeared. They were joined by war correspondent Woodward, who witnessed the following historical scene: "A battered Volkswagen with a large white flag drove around Kongrens Nyutrow, Copenhagen's main square, and taxied to the D'Angleterre Hotel, where the British administration intended to camp.

Light cruiser "Nuremberg" in May 1945 (two photos above) and with the destroyer T 33 on the roadstead of Wilhelmshaven at the end of 1945.

In December 1945, Soviet sailors arrived in Wilhelmshaven and began to take over the cruiser. The official handover ceremony was held on January 2, 1946. On the "Nuremberg" they raised the flag of Vice Admiral Yu.F. Ralla, and the transferred ships left for Liepaja, where they arrived on 5 January. The Lembit submarine was already there. It was then that the conversation between the commanders of the cruiser and the submarine took place. Later in his memoirs A.M. Matiyasevich spoke very well of Gissler.

The official act on the transfer of the cruiser was signed, the German crew was transferred to the floating base and sent to the western zone of occupation.

In the summer, the cruiser was engaged in combat training, and in the winter she stood up to the factory wall.

Light cruiser "Admiral Makarov". Late 1940s - early 1950s

Light cruiser "Nuremberg"

Design and modernization

After the issuance of the order for the construction of "Leipzig" in the construction of light cruisers, there was an almost five-year pause. It was prompted by ongoing discussions about what kind of cruisers Germany needs. The weapons of the cruisers and their displacement were discussed. The discussion ended with the decision to build heavy "Washington" cruisers. Therefore, cardinally new project light cruiser was not developed. We limited ourselves to the improved Leipzig. At the same time, the design displacement of the new cruiser was increased by J00 tons, and it reached 8000 tons.

This achieved the best strength of the hull, increased the armor of the towers, ammunition storage, anti-aircraft artillery and increased the speed.

But this was not enough to increase the capacity of fuel tanks.

The main technical solutions repeated "Leipzig", but the sixth German light cruiser was slightly longer and wider than its predecessor. The cruiser project was developed by the designer Blechschmidt.

The tactical and technical elements of the sixth light cruiser of the Weimar Republic were as follows:

Standard displacement: 7150 tons, normal 8060 tons, full 9040 tons (according to other sources, 7091 tons standard, 9115 tons full).

Light cruiser "Nuremberg" (Longitudinal section, deck plans and cross-section amidships)

Light cruiser "Nuremberg"

(Longitudinal section and cross-sections with reservation)

The length of the hull is 181.3 m (maximum), 170 m (at the constructive waterline), width is 16.4 m, draft is 4.76 m (at normal displacement), 5.79 m (at displacement in full load). The hull was similar to that of the Leipzig, had 16 compartments, a double bottom for 83% of the ship's length and a more reinforced structure.

The basis of the booking was a 50 mm waterline belt. He passed from 19 shp. (slightly aft behind the tower "C") to 149 frames in the bow. In the stern of the "C" tower, the thickness of the belt decreased to 35 mm, in the bow end the thickness of its armor was 18 mm. The armored deck had a thickness of 20 mm and a curved bevel at the bottom of the belt 25 mm thick. The fore and aft decks of the platform were protected by 10 mm armor plates and provided additional protection below the waterline. The conning tower had 100-mm vertical armor, a 50-mm roof and a 60-mm armored tube that led from it to the central post below the armored deck.

The turrets of the main caliber were protected similarly to the Leipzig, except for the rear (35 mm) and the deck (floor) of the turret (20-35 mm). The rest of the booking was completely similar to "Leipzig".

The main power plant consisted of 6 naval boilers produced by the German shipyard in Kiel. Steam from them was supplied to 2 turbines produced by the shipyard-builder, each working on its own side shaft. Each turbine consisted of 1 high pressure turbine and 2 low pressure turbines and a cooler. The weight of each turbine was 79,500 kg, the power was 33,000 hp. The total power of the mechanisms was 66,000 hp, the maximum speed was 32 knots. The fuel stock was equal to 1125 tons (oil).

On tests, the cruiser showed the following results: the power of the mechanisms is 66075 hp. and at 290 propeller rpm, it reached a speed of 32.2 knots.

For the economic course, as in Leipzig, there were 4 diesel engines manufactured by the MAN plant (7 cylinder, 2 two-stroke) with a total capacity of 12,400 hp, working through a gear unit on the central shaft. The diesel fuel stock was 348 tons. The cruising range was: 3280 miles at a speed of 15 knots, 2260 21 knots, 1700 27 knots, 922 29.9 knots.

The Nuremberg hull on the slipway. Mid 1933

Electricity was generated by 4 turbine generators with a capacity of 300 kilowatts each, 2 diesel generators with a capacity of 350 kilowatts each (total power 1,300 kilowatts, mains voltage 220 volts). According to other sources, electricity was generated by:

Light cruiser "Nuremberg". 1935 g.

(External view, top view and external views of superstructures after modernization)

2 turbine generators with a capacity of 350 kW each and 4 diesel generators with a capacity of 160 kW each.

The Nuremberg was armed with 9 150-mm guns. They were of the same model, had the same number and type of ammunition, and were positioned the same as on the Leipzig.

The main fire control system included the main command and rangefinder post, which was located at the top of the foremast. It consisted of two sighting devices and a stereo rangefinder with a base of 6 meters, the second 6-meter rangefinder was on the roof of the navigator's cabin, the third 6-meter rangefinder on the aft superstructure behind the "C" tower, next to the sighting post. In the depths of the hull, in the bow, under the armored deck, there was a central artillery post (DAC), in which data for firing was generated. A similar reserve post was located in the stern.

The universal artillery consisted of 8 88-mm C-32 model guns (3200 rounds of ammunition), in four double-barreled mounts: two at the chimney on the sides on the superstructure deck, two in a similar way, but closer to the stern.

The fire control system included: command and rangefinder post SL-2, which was a 3-meter combined rangefinder-altimeter. Data from the SL-2 was sent to the central fire control station, located below on the deck of the platform.

Small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery consisted of 8 37-mm machine guns in 4 double-barreled installations, 4 20-mm single-barreled machine guns. Their fire control system included portable rangefinders.

"Nuremberg" during launch on December 8, 1934 (two photos above) and on completion. 1935 g.

The torpedo armament consisted of 12 533-mm torpedo tubes in 4 three-tube tubes, mounted side by side with ammunition load of 24 torpedoes. The torpedo fire control system included sighting posts on the wings of the bridge. Near the central artillery post there was also a central torpedo fire control post. The ship had removable mine rails along the sides and on the poop. The maximum number of mines taken on board was 150.

Unlike its predecessors, "Nuremberg" received aircraft weapons immediately after entering service. 2 seaplanes were based on it. They started from a catapult, rose from the water with a crane. Initially, the He-60 was based on the cruiser, but from the second half of 1939, the Ag-196.

Electronic weapons were represented by a passive sonar station.

During the service, the number of the crew grew steadily. At the time of entry into service, the crew consisted of 637 people (including 25 officers). In 1944-1945, the crew of the cruiser reached 935 people (of which 35 officers and 300 cadets).

Light cruiser "Leipzig"

Before the war, minor work was done: only the shape of the admiral's bridge changed. In the summer of 1940, a demagnetizing coil (MES-Anlage) was mounted on the Nuremberg; in 1941, two rear torpedo tubes were removed (later they were installed on the battleship Sharikhorst). In the summer of 1941, a FuMO-21 radar station was installed on the cruiser.

During a major overhaul from February to May 1942, aircraft weapons were removed. His place was taken by a double-barreled 37-mm machine gun. In the same period, two four-barreled 20-mm anti-aircraft guns on army carriages appeared on the cruiser. One machine gun was on the roof of the "B" tower, the second on the roof of the navigator's cabin. The number of single-barreled 20-mm assault rifles was increased to five. One stood on the roof of the conning tower, two on the bridge, two on the platform near the chimney.

The next strengthening of anti-aircraft weapons was carried out in 1944, and at the same time, electronic weapons were modernized. At the time of the surrender, small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery consisted of 2 40-mm single-barreled, 8 37-mm double-barreled, 29 20-mm (2 four-barreled, 10 double-barreled and 10 single-barreled installations) guns. According to other sources, on May 9, 1945, the cruiser's small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery was as follows: 6 37-mm (2 double-barreled), 28 20-mm (2 four-barreled, 10 double-barreled) and 3 73-mm launchers of unguided anti-aircraft missiles (73-RAG " Fohn ").

In 1945, electronic weapons included submarine detection stations: 1 FuMO-25, 1 FuMO-63 "Hohentwil-K" and electronic reconnaissance stations FuMB-4 "Sumatra" and FuMB-6 "Palau".

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Sergei Borisovich Trubitsyn Light cruisers of the "Nuremberg" class. 1928-1945 "Leipzig" and "Nuremberg" Unrealized projects Battle ships of the world C-Pb .: Publisher R. R. Munirov, 2006. - 64 p .: ill. Historical and cultural center ANO "ISTFLOT" Samara 2006 ISBN 5-98830-010 -3 The publisher expresses

From the author's book

Light cruiser "Leipzig"

Sergey Borisovich Trubitsyn

Light cruisers of the Nuremberg class. 1928-1945

Leipzig and Nuremberg Unrealized projects

Warships of the world

St. Petersburg: Publisher R. R. Munirov, 2006 .-- 64 p .: ill.

Historical and Cultural Center ANO "ISTFLOT" Samara 2006

ISBN 5-98830-010-3

The publisher expresses gratitude to V.V. Arbuzov, Yu.V. Apalkov and E. Yu. Kobchikov for the provided photographs and materials.

on the 1st page "Nuremberg";

on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th bldg. "Leipzig"

Text: 1st page "Nuremberg"

Those. editor Yu.V. Rodionov

Lit. editor S.V. Smirnova

Proofreader V.S. Volkova

Light cruiser "Leipzig"

Design and modernization

In the early 1930s, the fleet of Weimar Germany had 4 light cruisers, of which the Emden, laid down in December 1921, was already morally obsolete, and the three K-types - Cologne, Karlsruhe and Konigsberg "Were the benchmark in the world shipbuilding of that time [* S.B. Trubitsyn Light cruisers of Germany. Part I. BKM. S-Pb. 2003.]. A number of new products appeared on them: three gun turrets, a combined main power plant, consisting of steam turbines and diesel engines, and new technologies were used during the construction: welding and lightweight aluminum superstructure structures.

In 1928, the German designer Bleschmidt received the assignment to design another light cruiser for the Reichsmarine. The designers took the "K" type cruiser as a basis, but made an internal rearrangement: the chimneys of the boilers were brought into one pipe, and the aft towers were placed in a more traditional way - in the center plane. So a new project of cruisers appeared, which received symbol type "E".

The technical and tactical elements of the new cruiser project were as follows:

The standard displacement is 6619 tons (according to the data, 6614 tons), the total displacement is 8382 tons (according to other sources, 8427 tons).

Dimensions: hull length 177.1 m (maximum), 165.8 m (structural waterline), width 16.2 m, draft 5.69 m (maximum), 4.88 m (average).

The hull had a longitudinal dialing system, was divided into 16 watertight compartments, the double bottom was 75% of its length. From her predecessors, the new cruiser inherited ease of recruitment and insufficient strength. One of the reasons for this was that the superstructure was not part of the overall strength of the hull, which subsequently led to accidents. Welding was widely used to save weight.

Nickel steel from the Krupp plant was used to protect Leipzig. The belt along the waterline had 50 mm, in the stern in the area of the tiller compartment 25 mm, in the bow of the 20 mm (according to other sources, 18 mm) of the slab. The armored deck, 20 mm thick, had a rounded 25 mm bevel towards the lower edge of the belt.

Mine protection consisted of a 15-mm longitudinal bulkhead. The conning tower was protected by 100 mm (vertical) from 50 to 30 mm (horizontal) plates. From the conning tower to the central post there was a 50-mm inclined shaft, with a brace-ladder inside. The foremast mars were booked with 20mm (vertical), 15mm (horizontal) slabs. The nasal rangefinder had 20 mm vertical and horizontal armor, a stabilized fire control post for 88 mm guns - 14 mm protection.

The turrets of the main caliber had frontal armor of 80 mm, side armor of 20 mm. back of 32 mm slabs. The turret barbet had 60 mm armor above the waterline, 32 mm below it. The upper deck in some of the most vital places reached a thickness of 20 to 32 mm. Armor shields for 88-mm guns consisted of 12-mm frontal and 10-mm side plates.

The main power plant consisted of 6 low pressure naval boilers (16 atmospheres) housed in three boiler rooms. The boilers produced steam for 2 turbines of the Parsons system produced by the Germania Kiel plant, each working through a turbo-gear unit on its own shaft. In addition, the ship had 4 MAN diesel engines operating on one (central) shaft. In total, the cruiser had three propellers. Turbine power was 60,000 hp, diesels 12,400 hp.

The speed during the operation of the turbines reached 32 knots, with only diesel engines operating at 18 knots (cruising speed), the cruising range was 3780 miles at a speed of 15 knots, 2980 miles at 21 knots and 2220 miles at a speed of 32 knots. The fuel stock was equal to 1200 tons (oil) and 310 tons of fuel oil ( diesel fuel). “Taking into account the fact that turbine and diesel installations were significantly different in power, a variable pitch propeller (CPP) was installed on the middle shaft of the cruiser, which made it possible to turn the blades to the position most effective for each specific mode of the diesel installation, taking into account the ship's speed. In the event of a failure of the diesel unit, as well as during the course only under the boiler and turbine unit, it was envisaged to deploy the CPP to the “feathered” position along the axis of the propeller shaft. This made it possible to reduce to a minimum the resistance of an inoperative screw.

Electricity for numerous consumers was generated by 3 turbo generators and 1 diesel generator with a capacity of 180 kilowatts each - a total of 720 kilowatts. The mains voltage was 220 volts.

On trials, "Leipzig" during the run developed a power of 65585 hp, 309 rpm, and reached a speed of 31.9 knots.

The main caliber of the Leipzig artillery consisted of 9 150-mm guns of the SKC-25 system. They were placed in the same way as on cruisers of the "K" type, in three three-gun turrets - one in the bow, two in the stern. Unlike the previous series, the aft towers were located in the center plane. Each of the towers weighed 137 tons (of which 24.8 tons were armored). The elevation angles of the guns reached 40 °, the decline was 10 ". The maximum firing range was 25,000 m. For these guns, there were high-explosive and armor-piercing shells weighing 45.5 kg. Ammunition included 1080 rounds or 120 rounds per barrel. During the war, the ammunition capacity was increased to 1,500 shells.

The main artillery fire control system was based on three rangefinders with a base of 6 meters: one on the foremast top, the second on the bow superstructure, and the third on the aft superstructure.

Initially, it was planned to install 4 88-mm C25 guns on the cruisers, the same as those used for the K-class cruisers. Due to their unavailability, the cruiser was armed with 2 and then 4 single-barreled 88-mm guns during the First World War. In 1936, 88-mm guns of the C32 system were installed on the Leipzig. Initially, two double-barreled ones were mounted, then another double-barreled installation was added. The main characteristics of the installation and the guns were as follows: elevation angle 80 ", descent angle 10", angle of rotation of the guns 360 °, projectile weight 9 kg, charge weight 15 kg, firing range 19200 m (for sea targets), 12400 m (for air targets) ). The ammunition load was: 800 shells for the old 88-mm, and from 1600 to 2400 shells for the new 88-mm guns.

Small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery included 8 37-mm guns of the SZO system (4 double-barreled installations had an elevation angle of 85 ", a decrease of 10", a firing range of 8500 m at a sea target, 5800-6800 at an air target) with a maximum rate of fire of 160 rounds per minute per barrel, practical 80 shots. The ammunition load of 37-mm shells consisted of 9600 rounds.

8 20-mm single-barreled guns had an elevation angle of 85 °, a descent of 11 °, a firing range of 4900 m at a sea target, 3700 m at an air target, a maximum rate of fire of 280 rounds per minute per barrel, an actual 120 rounds per minute.

Initially, "Leipzig" was armed with 12,500-mm torpedo tubes (4 three-pipe, two per side). After the transition of the German fleet to a new caliber of torpedo tubes, the same number of 533-mm torpedo tubes were installed instead of 500 mm. Ammunition consisted of 24 torpedoes: 12 in vehicles, 12 near them. There was centralized system torpedo fire control. If necessary, the cruiser could set up 120 mines of obstacles.

The crew included 850 people, of which 26 were officers. The number of the crew grew steadily and soon amounted to 858 people, of which 30 were officers. If "Leipzig" acted as the flagship, then 26 people were added, including 6 officers.

The weight loads of the cruiser "Leipzig" were distributed as follows: power plants 1637 tons, auxiliary mechanisms 394 tons, armament (fire control devices and ammunition included) 903 tons, equipment with spare parts, a crew with equipment 481 tons, fuel, water for boilers, lubricating oil 1681 tons.The design displacement of the cruiser was 8427 tons.

Light cruiser "Leipzig" ( Transverse section with an indication of the reservation in the area of the midship-frame)

Light cruiser "Leipzig" (General arrangement of turbine and diesel compartments)

The first major modernization was the replacement of torpedo tubes in 1934. In 1936, the 88-mm guns were replaced and an anti-aircraft fire control system was installed, its basis was the SC-1 central firing machine. At this time, Germany got rid of the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles and began to intensively create military aviation, so Leipzig received aviation weapons. It consisted of a catapult and a crane in the area of the pipe for lifting aircraft. At first, the NebOS biplane was based on the cruiser. In 1938, the American seaplane Yiot Korsair was tested at Leipzig.

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