The profession is a virologist. What diseases does the Virologist deal with?

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Man has always sought to understand the laws of nature. He accumulated and systematized the knowledge gained and applied it for the benefit of society. Such an act became the main criterion of science in the mid-19th century. It was then, by the Russian scientist D.I. Ivanovsky, in the course of many years of research, the existence of the virus was proved. Science has made great strides in our day. A special doctrine appeared - virology. She studies viruses and has her own classification. So, they distinguish general virology, specific and molecular.

Description of activities

The activity of a virologist is a work with the application of knowledge laboratory diagnostics, the basics of specific prophylaxis, anti-epidemic and therapeutic measures for viral diseases. A specialist can apply his professional skills in the field of health care, pharmacology, laboratory diagnostics or education.

Labor responsibilities

The virologist conducts laboratory virological studies. Takes part in the introduction of new equipment. Within the framework of his competence, he consults with doctors on emerging issues. In the course of laboratory tests, he makes recommendations on the rules for the delivery of biological material. Interprets the results of laboratory tests. Monitors diagnostic procedures. Maintains tools, apparatus and equipment in working order.

Features of career growth

Career growth depends on the place of work of a specialist and is manifested mainly in an increase wages... There is also the possibility of advancing along the administrative line, in the research area.

VirologistIs a professional doctor who was trained in the field of virology.

This specialist performs bacteriological analysis of an object or object from healthy and sick people. Speaking in simple wordsis a doctor who treats viral diseases.

What is the competence of a virologist doctor?

What diseases does a virologist deal with?

Rabies disease - an acute illness that occurs as a result of the bite of an infected animal, accompanied by nervous lesions. Most often ends in death;
WartsIs an external benign tumor caused by various viruses. Has a papillary or nodular appearance;
... There is a group of A, B, C, D. Each group of hepatitis occurs in a different way;
Herpes Is an infection caused by a virus accompanied by an inflammatory rash on the skin and mucous membranes.

When should you see a virologist?

If a person has chickenpox. - an infection accompanying a relatively pronounced poisoning and a rash on the skin, mucous membranes.

Chickenpox occurs once in a lifetime, but some people confuse chickenpox with a common rash.

Chickenpox is much easier for children. This disease in adults can develop up to jaundice.

In the people, chickenpox is treated with ordinary brilliant green. This allows the sores to dry faster and highlight them in a bright green color so as not to scratch. After all, as you know, from chickenpox there will be fewer scars if the rash is not touched.

In case of smallpox... Smallpox is a viral disease that characterizes cumulative poisoning, febrile syndrome, a rash on the skin and mucous surfaces.

If smallpox is common, then the incubation period is about two weeks.

In the first days, chills appear, fever rises, painful sensations arise in the lumbar and sacral spine and in the joints, a feeling of thirst comes, dizzy and a headache, a gag reflex occurs.

The next day is accompanied by a spotty or hemorrhagic rash, hemorrhages, similar to ecchiomosis. Hemorrhagic rash lasts several days, and the initial one - several hours.

On the fourth day, the initial symptoms disappear, pockmarks appear on the skin. First, spots appear, then blisters, then pustules, then crusts and scars. The pockmarks then develop into erosion. The temperature also drops.

After a week, the disease worsens. Most often it passes with emotional overexcitement and delirium. Children have seizures. This condition can last 3 days.

The rash goes away for about 1.5 to 2 weeks, after which scars appear. In the blood, the content of leukocytes rises.

Severe forms include smallpox and pustular hemorrhagic purpura. With such forms, a pronounced shift to the left appears, myelocytes and young cells appear in the blood.

There are vaccinations for easier transfer of smallpox. But the extension of the incubation period is guaranteed. A slight discomfort appears. However, the vaccinated person does not experience a profuse rash, no scars remain, and they recover after two weeks.

There is also a slight course of smallpox. The rash appears on the skin in small amounts or does not appear at all. Fever and well-being are not expressed.

You should also contact a virologist if a person is sick with tick-borne encephalitis.

- a viral disease caused by a tick bite, accompanied by poisoning, febrile syndrome, damage to the spinal cord and brain. The disease can lead to neurological and psychiatric complications, which can be fatal.

Appears in spring or early summer.

At the beginning of any form of this disease, the temperature rises, chills appear, the head, lower back and calf muscles begin to ache, a repeated vomiting reflex occurs, and muscle spasm comes. In rare cases, the preceding symptoms can be calculated. First, skin flushing, scleral injection, indigestion, inflammation of the pharynx are noticed.

On day 2, the temperature rises to a maximum. At this point, the body is able to hold out for a week. During this period, temperatures are likely to drop and then rise again. The second time, microbes invade the nerves and develop neurological signs.

The disease greatly affects nerve cells. In the initial period, the patient is able to fall into depression or even coma. The disease can also be accompanied by epileptic seizures. Many patients experience hallucinations, delusions, emotional over-excitement.

It is necessary to ask for the help of a viral professional in case of mumps.

Hepatitis B is a virologist's disease.

Hepatitis B is a viral liver disease that poses a serious threat to human life.

In the initial period, the heat reaches only 37.9 degrees. Probably the appearance of joint pain.

Most often there is malaise, lethargy, lack of hunger, nausea, accompanied by vomiting, pain in the liver. Enzyme activity increases. In the preicteric stage, detection of HBV markers is possible. Some may have no symptoms at all.

The main sign of hepatitis B is blackening of urine and yellowness of the sclera.

Hepatitis D is also a virologist's business.

Hepatitis D is a viral disease that is transmitted intravenously and is accompanied by liver inflammation. Appears only if hepatitis B is present.

Patients develop permanent liver failure.

This disease in chronically infected patients often with this hepatitis develops liver cirrhosis.

Even a virologist will do nothing to help with such a disaster.

Hepatitis C.

Hepatitis C is a viral liver disease.

Symptoms usually appear after 1.5 months.

If it hurts to gain weight, then this is a sign of an exacerbation of the disease.

The symptoms of hepatitis C are the same as those of other types of hepatitis.

If a person is sick cholestatic jaundice, he needs to go to the doctor virologist.

Cholestatic jaundice is a viral disease resulting from disorganized biliary dynamics.

With such jaundice, the content of the blood direct and indirect bile pigment increases. The amount of metabolic products excreted in feces and urine decreases or disappears altogether. The skin itches constantly. The active activity of cholestasis enzymes, cholesterol and bile acid increases.

When and what tests should be done?

Before going to a virologist, you need to be examined. For this you need to pass some tests.

HIV test - This is the detection of antibodies in the body, which appear as protection against HIV;
Herpes test - identification of the virus in the body that causes this disease. In normal cases, this is a visual examination of the patient. But sometimes doctors have to resort to special methods of detecting infection, because not always appearance inflammation accurately describes the herpes virus;
Rubella test -examination of the body for the detection of class G antibodies, which appear to protect the immune system from this virus.
Rubella occurs once in a lifetime, but in some cases it is confused with a common rash. Therefore, laboratory examination of the body is inevitable. Better yet, be grafted from it;
Thrush test - research of the human body for the detection of microbes that cause candidiasis. The standard way to detect thrush is with a vaginal swab. Through microscopy, doctors can determine if the virus is present.
In medicine, the DNA test is now popular. It produces an accurate detection of the fungus.
Also, cultures of the vaginal microflora are used, which determine the cause of infection. This improves the effect of the treatment. All these methods of analysis are used in combination for the best result;
Analysis for chickenpox - This is the detection in the body of the production of antibodies by the immune system that protect against the Varicella-Zoster virus. At the first signs of this disease, it is necessary to donate blood;
Epstein-Barr virus analysis - This is the detection in the body of antibodies that fight this virus. DNA diagnostics usually means a blood test or a smear of the urethra or vagina. But sometimes urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid are used for this. This diagnosis allows you to determine with high accuracy the number of viral microbes. The enzyme immunoassay method for detecting the virus helps to combine the research result and the clinical situation;
Analysis for hepatitis of all groups - This is the detection of viruses in the human body of hepatitis A, B, C, D. To undergo this analysis, you must donate blood. You must not eat for at least 8 hours before testing. That is, these tests are taken on an empty stomach.
Thanks to new medical technologies, the accuracy of determining the number of bacteria at altitude. This allows you to identify the disease at an early stage and significantly increase the effect of treatment.

What are the main types of diagnostics usually performed by a Virologist?

The virologist performs blind and targeted percutaneous liver biopsy and laparoscopy.

Liver biopsy - This is the removal of a small part of the liver. For this, a special needle is used. This view diagnostics are performed to study changes in the structure of the liver and exclude other possible diseases.

Then the person must adhere to bed rest for a day.

Laparoscopy Is a small incision type of surgery. This method uses a telescopic tube with a lens.

Laparoscopic diagnostics allows the doctor to identify pathology, establish an accurate diagnosis, prescribe the most effective treatment and reduce a possible scar.

VIDEO

The best treatment is prevention! In order not to suffer from viral diseases, or at least get rid of them in the early stages, you need to be careful about environment and constantly be examined by a virologist.

And genital herpes also requires prevention. Most often it is sexually transmitted, so you need to be careful with sex.

With intimate contact, one should not forget about safety measures:

When having sex, you need to make sure that your partner is not a carrier of herpes. First, you need to talk frankly with him. There is no need to be ashamed of this. Ask him if he could have contracted a venereal virus somewhere. The disease develops for about six months before it begins to manifest itself, so you need to be more vigilant about your contacts;
It is necessary to remember about responsibility. Safety measures must always be provided. Always have male or female condoms in your bag or pocket;
You cannot start contact if signs of herpes have been noticed, and it is also forbidden to have sex during the treatment period, so as not to get infected for sure;
If a partner could have contact with a person whose symptoms indicate the presence of an STD, then before going to bed with him, you must wait for a complete examination by a doctor. With a positive test result for the presence of herpes, it is recommended to start sexual intercourse only after complete recovery;
With multiple sex partners, the risk of infection multiplies significantly.

There is no vaccine for STDs today. However, you can always save yourself from trouble by taking advantage of all safety and prevention measures.

Statistics show that taking herpes medications daily can help reduce the chance of a partner getting infected. This is in the event that a person no longer has sex with anyone.

Also, we must not forget about personal hygiene.

The use of contraceptives should not be neglected.

The condom protects against herpes infection. However, he protects men worse. This method of protection should always be kept in a pocket or bag.

If other methods are used as protection against pregnancy, and the man does not have a condom with him, then the female condom is also suitable for protecting against genital herpes. Ladies' condoms are even better at protecting against the transmission of viruses.

If during sex tingling occurs or a blistering rash appears in the groin area, then it is better to refuse contact. This could be a sign of this disease.

If a young mother contracted herpes during pregnancy, then she can inherit it to the baby only during childbirth. For a child, this can turn into dire consequences, therefore, it is necessary to be much more careful about your health during the period of carrying the fetus.

If there is a likelihood of contracting an STI, then you should immediately contact your doctor.

If the symptoms have already appeared, then it is necessary to tell the virologist at what time the outbreak occurred.

Even if the expectant mother is 100% confident in her partner, she still needs to defend herself with condoms. This greatly reduces the risk of infection.

You cannot have oral sex if you have herpes on your lips. And in the last stages of pregnancy, it is necessary to abandon the oral method altogether, since herpes is a chronic disease. This will lower your chances of getting genital herpes.

After giving birth to a baby, a mother who has genital herpes needs to wash her hands after going to the toilet and any contact with herpes.

There are many sites on the Internet where you can ask a question to virologists. It will also reduce the risk of a viral illness or exacerbation of an existing illness.

Virologists mainly work in laboratories where modern equipment is installed that allows observing biochemical, biophysical and radiobiological processes. Their arsenal includes attributes such as electron microscopy and various computing techniques. Also, the place of work of a virologist can be a vivarium (this is an office or a department at a medical and biological institution), an experimental station, polygons that organize virological expeditions.

When should you see a virologist?

Very often, the patient himself can determine that he is beginning to have symptoms, most likely of a viral disease. When the first signs appear, you need to make an appointment with a virologist.

When should you see a virologist? Here are some symptoms that shouldn't be ignored:

If you have a fever;
The appearance of various rashes on the mucous and skin membranes;
Frequent headache;
The onset of muscle pain;
Insomnia;
Upset stomach (diarrhea);
Sudden mood swings (from depression to emotional arousal);
Dry mouth;
Pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lymph nodes;
Yellow skin and sclera (white around the lens of the eye).

It is very important to seek advice from a virologist if you have been to any of the exotic countries, and upon returning, you have one of the symptoms listed above.

What tests do I need to take when contacting a virologist?

The question is also frequent: What tests do you need to pass when you go to a virologist?

Here are the main ones:

HIV anti-HIV 1/2;
Herpes simplex virus (antі-HSV 1 type IgG, antі-HSV 2 type IgG, antі-HSV 1,2 type IgG, antі-HSV 1,2 type IgM, antі-HSV 6 type IgG);
Rubella virus (anti-Rubella IgG, anti-Rubella IgM);
Candidiasis (thrush) - (Antibodies to Candida IgG);
Varicella zoster virus (anti-VZV IgG, anti-VZV IgM);
Epstein-Barr virus (anti-EVV-VCA IgG, anti-EVV-VCA IgM, anti-EVV-EVNA IgG, anti-EVV-EA IgG (amounts));
Hepatitis A (HAV);
Hepatitis B (HBV);
Hepatitis C (HCV);
Hepatitis D (HDV);
Hepatitis G (HGV).

What diagnostic methods does a virologist use?

At the visit to the virologist, the patient's entire medical history is collected, a thorough examination of the patient is carried out, and a list of all necessary tests is written out.

A virologist usually conducts:

A punctured percutaneous (blind) liver biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that takes a piece of tissue from the liver. In the future, a study is carried out under a microscope.
Puncture percutaneous (targeted) liver biopsy;
Laparoscopic examination of the liver is a more complex instrumental diagnosis.

What does a virologist do?

What does a virologist do that his profession is considered so necessary? A virologist can work in one of the directions:

studies in detail such sciences as molecular biology and genetics, physics and chemistry of macromolecules;
research medicine and pharmacology, and fight disease by obtaining antiviral vaccines.

The main responsibilities of a virologist include:

spend of various kinds laboratory virological research;
ensure the correct use of analytical and diagnostic methods;
participate in the development and implementation of new research methods and equipment in medicine;
obligatory consultation of doctors of other directions with regards to virology;
making recommendations on such rules as collection and delivery of materials to the virus laboratory;
participates in the interpretation of the results of laboratory tests;
implementation of measures regarding the conduct of internal laboratory and external control on the quality of research;
control over the correctness of diagnostic procedures, the use of equipment, reactive substances, safety rules.

What diseases does a virologist treat?

Also, the question very often arises, what diseases does a virologist treat?

The main diseases that fall within the competence of this specialist include:

Rabies;
Warts;
Spring-summer tick-borne encephalitis;
Herpes virus;
Rubella virus;
Flu;
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, G;
Infectious jaundice;
Measles;
Smallpox;
Papillomavirus (the main symptom is the growth and change of skin tissues);
Epidemic mumps (an acute infectious disease that affects the glandular organs).

From the above list, you can make a platoon that the virologist treats diseases that are caused by infection and the main pathogens of which are viruses.

If we consider the advice of a virologist's doctor, which warns against viral diseases that are sexually transmitted, and thus reduce the risk of infection, are as follows.

VIROLOGIST

The nature of viruses, their structure, deceleration, biochemistry, genetics are studied by general virology; the study of pathogenic viruses, their infectious properties, the development of measures for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by them is carried out by medical, veterinary and agricultural virology.

The place of work of a virologist is mainly a laboratory - a modern one, equipped with the latest equipment, allowing the use of various biochemical, biophysical, radiobiological and other methods. The arsenal of virologists includes optical and electron microscopy, computer Engineering... Virologists also work in vivariums, at experimental stations and test sites, and organize special virological expeditions.

Virologists can work in two directions: 1 - study molecular biology and genetics, physics and chemistry of macromolecules, i.e. the phenomena of biosynthesis of living matter and the phenomenon of heredity. 2 - study medicine and pharmacology and fight disease by obtaining antiviral vaccines.

A virologist must combine a broad general biological erudition and the skills of an experimenter. The success of his work largely depends on the exact knowledge of the properties and characteristics of the devices and preparations involved, on the accuracy and thoroughness in preparing the experiment (often long and laborious), and pedantry in its implementation. The processing of the results obtained is also not easy, their correct interpretation often requires the setting up of new refining experiments and the involvement of additional information.

The specialty of a virologist can be obtained at the biological faculty of the university. A person with a higher medical education, completed postgraduate training or specialization in the specialty "Virology". A virologist must know the basics of the legislation of the Russian Federation on healthcare; regulatory documentsregulating the activities of healthcare institutions; the basics of organizing medical and prophylactic care in hospitals and outpatient clinics, ambulance and emergency medical care, disaster medicine service, sanitary and epidemiological service, drug provision of the population and health care facilities; theoretical foundations, principles and methods of medical examination; organizational and economic basis for the activities of healthcare institutions and medical professionals in the context of budgetary insurance medicine; basics of social hygiene, organization and economics of health care, medical ethics and deontology; legal aspects medical activity; general principles and the main methods of clinical, instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of the functional state of organs and systems human body; etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, course features, principles of complex treatment of major diseases; rules for the provision of emergency medical care in a life-threatening patient's condition; bases of examination of temporary disability and medical and social examination; the basics of health education; internal rules work schedule; rules and norms of labor protection, safety, industrial sanitation and fire protection. In his specialty, a virologist must know the organization of the virological service; the nature and origin of viruses, their structure and basic properties; modern classification of viruses, their reproduction; issues of pathogenesis and antiviral immunity; immunopathology for viral infections; basic issues of epidemiology and prevention of viral infections; methods of treating viral infections; issues of genetic engineering and biotechnology; characterization, cultivation of various groups of viruses; principles of laboratory diagnosis of viral infections using rapid diagnostic methods, isolation and typing of viruses, serodiagnostics; the main clinical symptoms of viral infections; peculiarities of pathogenesis, immunity and epidemiology of viral infections; measures of specific and non-specific prophylaxis, chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of viral diseases; questions of sanitary virology.

Job responsibilities

Conducts laboratory virological studies in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to him.

Ensures the use of analytically and diagnostically reliable methods.

Participates in the development and implementation of new research methods and equipment.

Consults doctors of other specialties on virology issues.

Participates in the interpretation of laboratory test results.

Carries out measures for conducting internal laboratory and external quality control of research.

Analyzes his work and the work of subordinate specialists with secondary medical education.

Prepares monthly reports on his work, participates in the preparation of the laboratory's annual report.

Monitors the correctness of the diagnostic procedures, the operation of instruments, apparatus and equipment, the rational use of reagents, the implementation of safety and labor protection rules by middle and junior medical personnel.

She plans her work and analyzes her performance indicators. He systematically improves his qualifications.

A virologist has the right to:

1. to independently conduct virological studies;

2. to make proposals to the management of the institution to improve the treatment and diagnostic process, incl. to improve the work of paraclinical and administrative services, issues of organization and conditions of their work;

3. control the work of subordinate employees (if any), give them orders within the framework of their official duties and demand their strict implementation, make proposals to the management of the institution to encourage them or impose penalties;

4. to request, receive and use information materials and regulatory documents necessary for the performance of their official duties;

5. to take part in scientific and practical conferences and meetings, which consider issues related to its work;

6. to undergo certification in accordance with the established procedure with the right to receive the appropriate qualification category;

7. to improve their qualifications at advanced training courses at least once every 5 years.

Supplement to information on the profession virologist id054 Fortuna

Specialists-virologists study the structures and mechanisms of the existence of viruses, the peculiarities of the reactions of cells to viral infections. Questions about the intercellular transport (movement) of viruses are important. It is important to study the characteristics of proteins that transport different groups viruses, and cellular protein-receptors (as if perceiving viruses), as well as mechanisms that control, ensuring the resistance of cells to viruses. As well as basic research applied developments are being carried out aimed at finding, creating means that increase the resistance of cells to viral infections. The means of recognition (diagnostics) of the corresponding phenomena are being developed and improved. In this case, immunochemical and molecular genetic methods are used. It is already impossible to imagine, for example, modern medicine without the achievements of virology, since it is virology that makes it possible to create effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of many viral infections (such as, for example, influenza, herpes, hepatitis). Virology closely interacts with disciplines such as chemistry, biochemistry, genetics.

Where and how do the specialists work? Specialists can work in research institutes and laboratories. They also work in commercial structures. Specialists work both in public hospitals and in private clinics as virologists. The research work of a virologist is a very interesting, exciting and creative process. A specialist, of course, must study the literature on the topic being developed. At the same time, one should not lose sight of both fundamental classical works and the latest trends in the area of \u200b\u200binterest to him. The next stage in his work is the setting of the experiment and the conduct of the actual laboratory research. But the most crucial moment in the research process is the analysis (analysis) of the data obtained, comparing them with the data of other studies. It is very important here to correctly and impartially evaluate the result, draw conclusions and assess the prospects for further work. Experts use modern laboratory equipment for isotope analysis, electron microscopy, chromatography and much more. Special premises (vivarium, greenhouse) are also needed, in which materials for research are obtained. Specialists also work as teachers at the biological faculties of universities, which means that, simultaneously with conducting research, they are preparing a new generation of professionals.

What personal qualities are required and developed in learning and work? A person who connects his life with virology must be curious, interested in the problems of modern science. It is clear that it is important to be conscientious and accurate when conducting both individual experiments and research in general. Work can be associated with great mental and physical stress, a specialist must be able to act quickly in difficult conditions, be able to find a way out of dead-end situations, have mental flexibility (viruses show their activity "seven days a week" and will not wait for you). You need to be ready for long-term painstaking work that requires high concentration attention and accuracy. Sometimes the researcher has to work at night, on weekends and on holidays. It is also necessary to realize that working with viral material can be associated with a danger to the health and life of not only the experimenter, but also those around him. Needless to say, a professional virologist should love his job and take it responsibly? However, even the presence, severity of all the listed qualities is not enough to become a professional virologist. There are some medical contraindications for choosing this profession. Of course not worth choosing the profession people with allergic reactions to chemicals. Allergy to pollen and animal hair is unacceptable (you have to work with these objects). People with impaired vision are also not recommended to work in this area, since constant eye strain is required when working with microscopes and other devices, which is not only difficult for people with poor eyesight, but can lead to its deterioration.

On the training of specialists. One of the places where you can get this profession is the Moscow State University, the Faculty of Biology, which focuses on fundamental problems of virology, molecular biology and biotechnology. The training program is designed for 5 years. The first two years are general courses in the Faculty of Biology. In the third year - "General Virology". In the fourth and fifth years of study - many special courses. The training ends with the defense of the thesis and the passing of state exams. Those wishing to continue their education can enroll in graduate school.

The material is taken from the text prepared by the students of the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University T. Gyrya and L. Bolshakova based on the conversation with the professor of the Department of Virology of the Faculty of Biology S. Yu. Morozov

Beginning: 11000 ⃏ monthly

Experienced: 20,000 ⃏ per month

Professional: 34000 ⃏ monthly

Demand for the profession

According to reputable virologists, the profession is now more relevant than ever. Every day, new viruses appear that can harm both a small group and people and the whole community. Specialists are working every day to identify new types of viruses and try to find means to combat them.

Where to study for the profession of Virologist in Moscow

Who is the profession for?

In the profession, such qualities as are important: a tendency to monotonous research work, a love of biology, accuracy, attentiveness, perseverance and good health.

Career

Career growth depends on the place of work of a specialist and is manifested mainly in an increase in wages. There is also the possibility of advancing along the administrative line, in the research area.

Duties

Conducts laboratory virological studies in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to him.
Ensures the use of analytically and diagnostically reliable methods.
Participates in the development and implementation of new research methods and equipment.
Consults doctors of other specialties on virology issues.
Draws up recommendations on the rules for taking and delivering biological material to the virological laboratory.
Participates in the interpretation of laboratory test results.
Carries out measures for conducting internal laboratory and external quality control of research.
Analyzes his work and the work of subordinate specialists with secondary medical education.
Prepares monthly reports on his work, participates in the preparation of the laboratory's annual report.
Monitors the correctness of the diagnostic procedures, the operation of instruments, apparatus and equipment, the rational use of reagents, the implementation of safety and labor protection rules by middle and junior medical personnel.
She plans her work and analyzes her performance indicators. He systematically improves his qualifications.

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