How much does the first issue of the newspaper cost really. The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda. From the history of the newspaper "Pravda"

The history of the creation of the newspaper "Pravda"

The VI All-Russian (Prague) Conference of the RSDLP (B), on the initiative of V. I. Lenin, adopted a decision to publish a mass workers' Bolshevik daily newspaper, and on April 22 (May 5), 1912, the first issue of Pravda was published.

Hence the name of the Bolsheviks of that time - "Pravdists". With the help of this newspaper, it was intended to distract the working reader from the tabloid press and, under the slogan "unity from below", to ensure their influence in the social democratic organizations.

The working class vigorously supported the idea of ​​creating such a newspaper. The influx has begun Money from the workers.

The founder of the newspaper was V.I. Lenin. He directed the work of the publication from abroad. The official publisher of the newspaper until December 1912 was N.G. Poletaev, then A.E.Badaev. The literary department in 1912-1914 was headed by Maxim Gorky. VM Molotov worked as the editorial secretary. I. Stalin was the organizer and leader of Pravda in the years 1912-1914 and in 1917, when Pravda played a role in the preparation of an armed uprising.

The newspaper was closed several times, but continued to be published under different names: in 1913 - "Rabochaya Pravda", "Severnaya Pravda", "Proletarskaya Pravda", "Trudovaya Pravda". Before the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914, the newspaper was finally banned. In 1917, the issue of Pravda was resumed. And after the October Revolution in 1917, Pravda received the status of an organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP.

Already at the end of 1912, Vladimir Ilyich wrote about the creation of Pravda as major event history: "By putting on a daily workers' newspaper, the St. Petersburg workers have accomplished a major - without exaggeration, one can say, a historic deed ... The creation of Pravda is an outstanding proof of the consciousness, energy and solidarity of the Russian workers."

Date of publication: 06/14/2019

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The decision to create the newspaper was made by the delegates of the VI All-Russian (Prague) Conference of the RSDLP on the initiative of V.I. Lenin. For many years, as a party leader, he was the ideological inspirer and constant author of Pravda. Thanks to Vladimir Ilyich, she became a real collective propagandist and organizer of the working people of Russia. The newspaper discussed the most important problems in the life of the workers, inspired them to strike strikes and political protest actions, led open discussions about the role of the proletariat and the peasantry in the coming reorganization of society, and was a school of Marxist theory and practice for its readers. “Having put up a daily workers' newspaper, - wrote V.I. Lenin, - the St. Petersburg workers have accomplished a major, without exaggeration, one might say, historical work ... The creation of Pravda remains an outstanding proof of the consciousness, energy and solidarity of the Russian workers. "

They began publishing Pravda in St. Petersburg. It was here that her first issue came out. The newspaper of the Bolshevik Party immediately began to experience persecution from the tsarist regime. At the beginning of July 1914, it was closed. Later, its publication under the original title was resumed after February revolution... Between 1912 and 1914, the newspaper, which was regularly banned by the censorship, was published under different names: Rabochaya Pravda, Severnaya Pravda, Pravda Truda, Za Pravda, Path of Truth, Proletarskaya Pravda and others. I.V. Stalin, V.M. Molotov, M.S. Olminsky, K.S. Eremeev, F.F. Raskolnikov, V.V. Vorovsky, M.I. Ulyanova, A.V. Lunacharsky. The ideological leadership of the newspaper was carried out by V.I. Lenin, interacting with the editorial board from emigration.

Pravda persistently exposed the feudal-capitalist oppression and fought for the liberation of working people from poverty and lawlessness. The newspaper quickly won recognition from the revolutionary-minded workers. On their voluntary contributions and carried out its publication. Work collective representatives were active staff, correspondents and distributors of the newspaper. Thanks to mass support, Pravda was published in a large circulation for that time. The average circulation of one issue was 40 thousand copies, and in some months it reached 60 thousand.

Pravda played a special role in the propaganda of Bolshevik ideas during the period of preparation for the Great October Socialist Revolution. Only from March 5 (18) to July 5 (18), 1917, 99 issues of the newspaper were published with a total circulation of about 8 million copies. Its daily circulation during this period was already 85-100 thousand. Pravda was a truly national newspaper. In March 1917 alone, about 16 thousand rubles were collected by Russian workers in its fund. It was on them that the Trud printing house was acquired, which printed the newspaper.

During the July crisis, on the orders of the bourgeois Provisional Government, Pravda was destroyed and the printing house was arrested. But the newspaper was able to continue the struggle.

After the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Pravda was rightfully considered the country's main newspaper. Its pages depict the rich history of our socialist homeland, great victories and difficulties in building a new society. Leninskaya Pravda played a huge role in strengthening the ranks of the party and expanding its ties with the masses at all stages of the heroic biography of the Land of Soviets.

During the Civil War, Pravda became a mouthpiece, mobilizing the forces of the revolution to fight foreign intervention. When the victory was achieved, the main attention of the newspaper focused on questions of economic construction, on the implementation of NEP, the fight against illiteracy, the implementation of the GOELRO plan, industrialization and collectivization of the national economy.

Everywhere and everywhere the journalists of Pravda, its workers and peasants' correspondents were in the thick of things. From Moscow to the very outskirts, they conveyed information about the successes of Soviet power, informed the world about the construction of the Dneproges and Magnitka, the Stalingrad Tractor and Gorky Automobile Plants, about the long-distance flights of our heroic pilots and world records of Stakhanovite shock workers, about the achievements of our science and technology. The newspaper's offsite editorial offices worked at major construction sites. Pravda did a great deal of work on developing socialist emulation, promoting shock workers, and instilling a communist attitude towards labor among the working people. Fascinated by creation, the USSR persistently pursued a peace-loving foreign policy. Pravda did everything possible to promote this, propagandizing the approaches of the Soviet state, exposing the aggressive policy of the imperialist circles.

In the difficult time of the treacherous attack of Hitler's fascism on our Soviet Motherland, Pravda was next to every soldier and commander, worker and collective farmer, with every communist and Komsomol member, instilling confidence in our inevitable victory over the enemy. Party slogan "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" formed the basis of the daily activities of the newspaper. The best of the best writers and poets were the authors of "Pravda" during the war. Among them - M. Sholokhov, K. Simonov, V. Vishnevsky, B. Gorbatov, M. Isakovsky, L. Leonov, S. Marshak, S. Mikhalkov, B. Polevoy, S. Sergeev-Tsensky and others. Many of the newspaper's war correspondents laid down their heads in a severe struggle for our Motherland, for our people.

Already in the hardest first years of the war, as a result of inhuman efforts, a single, well-coordinated and rapidly growing military economy was created. By the beginning of 1943, it made it possible to eliminate the enemy's superiority in technology and achieve a radical change in the course of the war. Pravda rendered tremendous assistance to the Party in mobilizing the masses of the people to help the front and to defeat the enemy.

After the May 1945 fireworks, the winners, together with Pravda, rebuilt our destroyed towns and villages, factories and factories, schools and palaces of culture from the ruins. Having revived the national economy of the country, they continued constructive construction - they raised the virgin lands, conquered the mighty Siberian rivers, and brought the space era of mankind closer. From the pages of the central organ of the CPSU, millions of Soviet citizens learned about our victories on the labor front, about the flight of the first Soviet Earth satellite and the space launch of Yuri Gagarin, about the conquest of the North Pole by the nuclear-powered icebreaker "Arktika" and shock Komsomol construction sites.

For many decades of Russian, Soviet history, Pravda has become a heroic chronicle of our people. Step by step, day after day, it accommodated the experiences of millions of Soviet people. The country honorably noted this labor feat of many generations of journalists, editors, proofreaders, photojournalists, worker-sellers, all those who wore and still bear the proud title of Pravdist. The newspaper's contribution to the cause of socialist construction was appreciated by the highest awards of the Soviet state: two Orders of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution. Many of those who wrote the history of the Great Socialist Era glorified their names thanks to the authority of Pravda. They became known to the whole world, to whom the newspaper opened a wide picture of the achievements of our heroic people.

In the period of destruction Soviet Union Pravda was one of the first to take the blow of the "reformers". They tried to close the newspaper, reorient it to the needs of the "democratizers", force it to abandon its principles. But Lenin's Pravda and its journalistic staff did not flinch, withstood the persecution and harassment, did not succumb to the promises of local and foreign mediators. Through tens court hearings Pravdists had to go through in order to defend the right to continue to bring the Word of Pravdy to the people, in order to return the status of the main newspaper of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

Throughout its biography, Pravda is not a simple storyteller about great and dramatic events in the country and the world. She acts as their active participant, the creator of history. The newspaper even today carries socialist ideals to the masses, defends the interests of working people, and fights for the establishment of genuine democracy. It continues to maintain an inseparable connection with the fate of the people of the great country and its Communist Party. Pravda serves as the main tribune of the Communist Party, publishes the main documents of the party, explains its position on topical issues modernity, organizes the masses to fight for better life... Together with other national-patriotic publications, together with our regional newspapers, Pravda is still in the forefront of the fighters for the power of the working people.

"Pravda" - Soviet and Russian newspaper, until 1991 - the main daily print media of the CPSU and the most influential print publication, in fact - main newspaper in USSR. The first issue of the newspaper entitled "Pravda" was published on May 5, 1912. At that time, Pravda was not the official organ of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b); such was the illegal newspaper Sotsial-Demokrat, published abroad and imported into Russia illegally.

On the initiative of Vladimir Lenin, the Sixth All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) adopted a decision to publish a mass workers' Bolshevik daily newspaper. Money for its publication was collected from factories and factories among the workers. The Lena execution accelerated the issue of the release of a workers' newspaper.

Even before that, from October 1908 to April 1912, first in Lvov and then in Vienna, the popular Social Democratic newspaper Pravda was published under the editorship of Trotsky, the international section of which was led by Ioffe.

The publication of a second newspaper with the same name provoked sharp controversy, including even an appeal to the German socialists as arbitrators, but this did not lead to anything, and the name Pravda remained with the Leninist newspaper. The circulation of the newspaper was about 40 thousand copies, sometimes reaching 60 thousand.

The newspaper clearly followed the ideological line of the government, for example - after the conclusion of the Molotov-Ribentropp Pact, the newspaper not only stopped all criticism of the German government, but the word "fascism" disappeared from its pages, at the same time England, France and the United States were declared "the main arsonists war ".

Articles and feuilletons of Pravda were equal to a government decree or a court verdict. The question of what to publish in Pravda and what not was often decided in the Politburo. Many ideological campaigns - the Stakhanov movement, criticism of Zoshchenko and Akhmatova, the fight against "rootless cosmopolitanism", the virgin epic - began with the publication of Pravda.

The newspaper's circulation grew and in 1975 reached 10.6 million copies. This was largely due to the obligatory subscription to party publications for members of the CPSU. Articles, essays and feuilletons published in Pravda were practically orders for the execution and leadership of all party organizations - the entire country.

Obituaries were published in Pravda; from the first page, readers learned about the deaths of Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev and others. Also, the first page of Pravda told about the Victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War, about the flight of Yuri Gagarin and many other important events.

The newspaper was published in two issues, intended for different regions of the USSR, taking into account time zones and delivery time from the nearest printing house. The first issue was delivered to the Kalinin region from Moscow, and the second was delivered to Moscow and the Moscow region.

The main circulation, published in Moscow, was produced in the newspaper's own printing house using letterpress printing, but part of the circulation only for Moscow eventually began to be printed by offset printing, which significantly improved the quality of photographs.

 

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