Causes of the February Revolution of 1917 presentation. February Revolution presentation. General L.G. Kornilov

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The storm of 1917. Who Controls the Political Weather? History teacher MBOU "Lyceum №34. Social and information technologies»Maykop. Kupin Oleg Petrovich

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Color revolutions

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Russia at the beginning of the XX century.
Conspiracy or coincidence?

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Preconditions for the revolution
Rasputin, 2. Russia's unhappy participation in the First World War, accompanied by defeats at the fronts, disorganization of life in the rear 3. The ideological decomposition of the masses, who have ceased to believe in the tsar, the church, and local leaders 4. Discontent with the tsar's policy by representatives of the big bourgeoisie and even his close relatives 5. Severe economic crisis

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Causes of the February Revolution
Economic social political
The agrarian question was not resolved. The peasants suffered from poverty and land shortages Hunger, devastation, queues, defeats at the fronts, the death of millions on the battlefields The fall of the authority of the tsarist government
Lack of labor legislation has strained relations between workers and employers social protection population Increased discontent with the government
Disproportion in economic development Absence of the bourgeoisie in power
Rising prices, inflation, economic disruption caused by the war

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Crowd power
In 1917 the newspaper "" New life wrote: "... the one who does not want radical reforms, he gets a revolution."

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Petrograd. February 1917

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Main events

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From the diary of Emperor Nicholas II
2nd March. Thursday. In the morning Ruzsky came and read his longest conversation on the telephone with Rodzianko. According to him, the situation in Petrograd is such that now the ministry from the Duma is seemingly powerless to do anything, since the Social Democracy is fighting against it. The party represented by the workers' committee. My renunciation is needed. Ruzsky relayed this conversation to Headquarters, and Alekseev to all the commander-in-chief. By 2 o'clock the answers came from everyone. The bottom line is that in the name of saving Russia and keeping the army at the front calm, you need to decide on this step. I agreed. A draft Manifesto was sent from Headquarters. In the evening Guchkov and Shulgin arrived from Petrograd, with whom I spoke and handed them the signed and revised manifesto. At one o'clock in the morning I left Pskov with a heavy feeling of the experience. All around there is treason, and cowardice, and deceit.

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From the Manifesto on the abdication of the throne of Nicholas II
“In the days of the great struggle with the external enemy, who has been striving to enslave our Motherland for almost three years, God was pleased to send down a new ordeal to Russia. The outbreak of internal popular unrest threaten to have a disastrous effect on the further conduct of a stubborn war. The fate of Russia, the honor of the heroic army, the good of the people, the entire future of our dear fatherland requires bringing the war to a victorious end by all means ... In these decisive days in the life of Russia, we considered it our duty of conscience to facilitate such unity and rallying of all the forces of the people for our people. the speedy achievement of victory and, in agreement with the State Duma, we recognized it for the good to renounce the Throne of the Russian State and resign the supreme power. Not wishing to part with our beloved son, we pass our legacy to our brother, our Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, and bless him for accession to the throne of the Russian State. We command our brother to govern the affairs of state in full and indestructible unity with the representatives of the people ... On the principles that will be established by them ... May the Lord God help Russia. Nikolay, Pskov, March 2, 15 hours 5 minutes 1917 "

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February revolution of 1917
Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies (Menshevik N.S. Chkheidze)
Dual power
Provisional government (Prince G.E. Lvov)
Interlacing of 2 currents of the February Revolution and 2 branches of government
Revolutionary socialist
Bourgeois liberal
Social Revolutionaries Mensheviks
Cadets Octobrists Socialist Revolutionaries Mensheviks
Bolsheviks "Power to the Soviets!" "No support for the Provisional Government!"

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Reasons: 1. Autocracy, although limited creation Legislative State Duma 2. Landownership and land scarcity of peasants 3. High degree of exploitation of workers 4. Incompleteness and violation of democratic freedoms by the government 5. Inequality of the peoples of Russia, national (Russification) policy of the government Objectives: 1. Overthrow of autocracy and establishment democratic republic 2. The solution of the agrarian-peasant question and the allotment of land to the peasants 3. Legislative consolidation eight-hour working day 4. Guarantee of the government's implementation of democratic freedoms 5, Granting the peoples of Russia independence or equality within Russia

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Conditions that accelerated the onset of the revolution: Economic crisis (fuel, transport, food, financial - inflation) Deterioration financial situation workers due to rising prices, lack of food and goods 1. Defeats of Russia at the front, significant human losses, population fatigue from the war. 2. The crisis of power - "ministerial leapfrog", the fall of the tsar's authority ("Rasputinism"), the confrontation between the State Duma and the government Strengthening the strike and anti-war movement, opposition of liberals, agitation of the left parties - the destruction of the socio-political basis of the state.

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The course of the February revolution: February 18 - a strike of 90 thousand workers of Petrograd demanding to increase wages due to the rise in high prices on February 20 - the administration announced the closure (lockout) of the Putilov plant on February 22 - the beginning of a general strike of workers in Petrograd on February 23 (March 8) - an anti-war demonstration in the capital of women workers on International Women's Day - the beginning of the revolution February 26 - the beginning of the transfer of troops to the capital the garrison on the side of the strikers on February 27 - the development of the general strike into an armed uprising: the seizure of the Arsenal, bridges, railway stations, government buildings - the victory of the revolution.

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Results of the revolution: February 27 - elections in factories and military units: the Petrograd Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies was created to maintain order and supply the population with food. March 1 - the publication of "Order No. 1" on the democratization of the army and the subordination of the Petrograd garrison to the Petrograd Soviet state order and the creation of a new government on March 2 - as a result of negotiations between the Executive Committee of the PS and the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, the Provisional Government was formed The fall of the autocracy On March 2, the emperor signed a Manifesto on abdication for himself and his son in favor of the brother of the Grand Duke Michael on March 3, Mikhail abdicated the throne: a decision on the future the state structure of Russia was postponed until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly

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Dual power is the simultaneous implementation of two political directions: the liberal-democratic (the Provisional Government - in Petrograd and its representatives locally), the revolutionary-democratic (Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies - in Petrograd, locally and at the front)

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Provisional government name Time of action Party composition Chairman Provisional government March 2 - May 5 Cadets, Octobrists, progressives, Socialist-Revolutionaries, non-partisan Prince G.E. Lvov (Cadet) 1st coalition government May 5-6 -23 July Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks Prince G.E. Lvov (Cadet) 2nd coalition government June 24-26 - September 24 Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks A.F. Kerensky (Socialist-Revolutionary) 3rd coalition government September 25 - October 25 Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks A.F. Kerensky (Socialist-Revolutionary)

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Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies Date Event Party composition Position, main slogan February 27 Formation of the Petrosoviet Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, Bolsheviks Support for the Provisional Government All power to the Soviets! Spring 1917 Formation of local Soviets Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, Trudoviks, Bolsheviks Support for the Provisional Government Peaceful transfer of power to the Soviets! June 3-24 1st Congress of Soviets Under the influence of the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks Resolution on support of the 1st coalition government August 31, September 5 Petrosovet, Soviet in Moscow Under the influence of the Bolsheviks and mass pressure Resolution "On Power" demanding the All-Russian Congress of Workers 'and Soldiers' Soviets to take power deputies October 25-27 2nd Congress of Soviets Under the influence of the Bolsheviks and Left Social Revolutionaries Appeal "To workers, soldiers and peasants!" on the establishment of the power of the Soviets Adoption of decrees on peace and land Establishment of the Soviet government

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Internal and foreign policy of the Provisional Government n The goal is to organize government in the country, to carry out broad democratic reforms, to achieve " class world", Overcome the economic devastation, remain faithful to the allied obligations

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Domestic Policy Program: Elections of Organs local government on the same principles. Freedom of speech, press, association, assembly and strike. Cancellation of all class, religious and national restrictions. Replacement of the police by the people's militia with elected authorities subordinate to local government bodies.

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Foreign policy: March 4 - Minister of Foreign Affairs P.N. Milyukov informed the allies through the Russian ambassadors of the new government's intention to remain faithful to its earlier commitments and to continue the war. April 18 - on the published note to the allies of P.N. Milyukov, on behalf of the Provisional Government, confirmed Russia's readiness to continue the war to a victorious end

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The political process in Russia in the spring-autumn of 1917 The first period - the period of Dual Power (March - early July) 1. The April political crisis Rallies and demonstrations of protest against P.N. Milyukov Resignation of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of War 2. June political crisis Disruption of the demonstration appointed by the 1st Congress of Soviets in support of the Provisional Government and an anti-government demonstration under the slogan: "All power to the Soviets!" "Down with the war!", "Down with 10 ministers-capitalists" 3. July political crisis Failure of the June offensive at the front Armed demonstrations of workers and soldiers under the slogan "All power to the Soviets!": An attempt to seize power by an extremist part of the Bolsheviks. In response, the government shot the demonstration, disarmed the workers, and arrested many Bolshevik leaders.

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The third period (September - October 25) - the period of the weakening of the power of the Provisional Government and the Bolshevization of the Soviets. September 1 - the proclamation of Russia as a republic; September 3 - the creation of the Directory - a new government headed by the minister-chairman A.F. Kerensky September 14 - the All-Russian Democratic Conference of Political Parties and public organizations to weaken the influence of the Bolshevized Soviets. 14 creation of the Provisional Council Russian republic- Pre-parliament. September 25 - Creation of the 3rd coalition government. October 24 - the beginning of an armed uprising in Petrograd. 25-25 October, the arrest of the ministers of the Provisional Government.

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REVOLUTION OF 1917 Prepared by: the teacher of history of the Gymnasium №118 of Rostov-on-Don Novolodsky A.S. 2017

REVOLUTION OF 1917

FEBRUARY

BOURGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC

REVOLUTION OF 1917

Causes

CRISIS "TOP"

Military defeats
Frequent turnover of ministers
"Rasputin"

CRISIS "NIZOV"

Strengthening the strike and anti-war movement
Food crisis in the winter of 1917

Revolution as a result of a national crisis and the inability of the supreme power to cope with pressing problems

World War I, which aggravated all problems and accelerated the revolution

MAIN EVENTS

February 22 - lockout at the Putilov plant. The administration refused to raise prices by 50%.

February 23 - a demonstration of female workers in Petrograd. Workers' strike. Slogans: "Bread", "Down with war", "Down with autocracy."

February 25 - a general strike in Petrograd. Police have arrested up to 100 members of various left-wing parties. Nicholas II dissolved the Duma for two months. The workers took over the Arsenal.

February 26 - By order of General Khabalov, the troops fired at the demonstrators. Clashes between troops and police. The first group of soldiers went over to the side of the demonstrators.

February 27 - The number of insurgent soldiers amounted to 60 thousand people. Captured key points cities.

February 28 - the rebels captured the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, the Peter and Paul Fortress. The government of Prince Golitsyn fled. Two centers of power are being formed.

Chairman - N. Chkheidze

Chairman - M. Rodzianko

Petrograd Council.

Led by a Menshevik

NS. Chkheidze

Education

Of the Provisional Government.

Chairman -

Prince G.E. Lviv

DUALPOWER

Nikolay Semenovich Chkheidze

Georgy Evgenievich Lvov

2nd of March- negotiations in Pskov of the State Duma deputies G. Guchkov, V. Shulgin with Nicholas II.

Mikhail motivated his refusal with the condition: "I made a firm decision only if I accept the supreme power, if such is the will of our great people, expressed by the Constituent Assembly."

From the Manifesto on the abdication of Nicholas II

In the days of the great struggle with the external enemy, who has been striving to enslave our Motherland for almost three years, the Lord God was pleased to send down a new ordeal to Russia. The outbreak of internal popular unrest threaten to have a disastrous effect on the further conduct of a stubborn war. The fate of Russia ... the entire future of our dear Fatherland requires bringing the war to a victorious end by all means ... In these decisive days in the life of Russia, we considered it our duty We recognized the State Duma for the good of abdicating the throne of the Russian state and resigning the supreme power.

RESULTS

FEBRUARY

BOURGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC

THE REVOLUTION OF 1917

Actual liquidation of the monarchy
The way is open for the democratic development of the country
Formation of dual power

Demonstration of female workers of the Putilov plant

in the early days of the February Revolution

DOUBLE POWER

UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DUAL POWER (MARCH - JULY 1917)

Order number 1- democratization of the army (adopted under pressure from the Petrosovet): cleansing of the command staff; liquidation of military courts.

Real power in the army is concentrated in the hands of the soldiers' committees (uniting up to 300 thousand people)

The main activities of the Provisional Government:

Political rights and freedoms were proclaimed, national and religious restrictions were lifted, the death penalty was abolished, censorship was abolished, a political amnesty was carried out, Nicholas II and his ministers were arrested, an Extraordinary Commission was created to investigate the illegal actions of the tsarist administration.

To combat the food crisis in March 1917, a decree was issued on the state trade monopoly on grain. In April, the government legalized the factory committees that had arisen at the enterprises, which exercised "workers' control" over production. Laws were issued to expand the rights of zemstvo institutions. In addition to county and provincial zemstvos, volost zemstvos were introduced, which were supposed to replace the old volost boards. All citizens living in a given area could participate in the elections.

The government proclaimed the conduct of the war to a victorious end and the fulfillment of all international circumstances taken.

She spoke in favor of preserving the unity of the Russian state on the basis of providing all residents of the country with equal civil rights and freedoms.

Major political parties after February 1917

Cadets- in 1917 (70-100 thousand people) - P. Milyukov.

SRs(up to 1 million people) - V. Chernov, I. Avksentyev.

Mensheviks(up to 200 thousand) - P. Axelrod.

Bolsheviks(up to 25 thousand people in March 1917) - V.I. Lenin.

In the April Theses, he spoke about the peaceful transition to the second stage of the revolution:

power to the Soviets;
the way out of the war, revolutionary defencism is a lie;
nationalization of land;
control of the Soviets over production and distribution.

1st crisis of the Provisional Government

April crisis

Cause

P. Milyukov's note to the allies:

the new Russia pledges to wage the war to a victorious end

From the note of the Provisional Government

The statements of the Provisional Government, imbued with this new spirit of liberated democracy, of course, cannot give the slightest reason to think that the coup d'état has led to a weakening of the role of Russia in the common allied struggle. Quite the opposite, the nationwide desire to bring the world war to a decisive victory has only intensified thanks to the awareness of the shared responsibility of each and every one.

Provisional government

Prince G.E. Lviv

Cadets, Octobrists, progressives, non-party

Note N.P. Milyukov's allies

on the continuation of Russia's participation in the war

Prince G.E. Lviv

Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks

Coalition government- a government formed from representatives of various parties.

2nd crisis of the Provisional Government

June crisis

June 3-24, 1917- I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies (290 Mensheviks, 285 Social Revolutionaries, 105 Bolsheviks), which was from the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies.

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The congress spoke in favor of cooperation with the bourgeois parties and passed a resolution of confidence in the Provisional Government.
The congress banned the anti-war demonstration planned by the Bolsheviks for June 10 in front of the residence of the Provisional Government.
The congress appointed an unarmed demonstration for June 18, which was supposed to express support for the decisions of the congress by the workers of Petrograd.

June 18, 1917- A 500,000-strong demonstration in Petrograd. Slogans - "All power to the Soviets", "Down with the war", "Down with 10 capitalist ministers"

The government tried to get out of the June crisis by launching a long-planned offensive at the front. The military success was intended to bring down the wave of discontent.

Outcome- 60 thousand killed and wounded. The demoralization of the army is growing.

The failure of the offensive at the front was one of the reasons for the new,

the most serious political crisis in Russia - July.

2 july- Ministers-cadets who are dissatisfied with the activities of the Minister of War and Navy A.F. Kerensky in the negotiations on the issue of granting independence to Ukraine are submitting their resignations.
July 3-4- mass demonstration (500 thousand people). "All power to the Soviets" - began the soldiers of the 1st machine-gun regiment, they were supported by 25 units of the garrison, workers.
5'th of July- The Provisional Government, with the support of the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, took the situation under its control. Military units from the front arrived in the city. The demonstrators were scattered. The Bolsheviks were accused of an attempt at the armed overthrow of the government and of ties with the German headquarters. The publication of an order for the arrest of V. I. Lenin and G. E. Zinoviev, the closure of the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda, the Bolshevik Party was outlawed.
7 july- resignation of the head of the Provisional Government G. E. Lvov. A.F. Kerensky becomes the minister-chairman.

3rd crisis of the Provisional Government. July crisis

1st Coalition Provisional Government

Prince G.E. Lviv

Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks

Disagreements in the government.

Unsuccessful offensive at the front.

July events in Petrograd

2nd Coalition Provisional Government

A.F. Kerensky

Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks

Since most of the posts in it were occupied by Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks,

it actually turned the dual power into a fiction.

July 26 - August 3- VI Congress of the RSDLP (b) in Petrograd: a course has been taken to prepare for an armed uprising. The slogan "All power to the Soviets!" Has been temporarily removed.

August 12-15- a State meeting was held in Moscow, in which representatives of the main political parties, Soviets, commercial and industrial circles, and the military took part. The Bolsheviks, considering the conference counter-revolutionary, boycotted it. At a state conference, the generals issued an ultimatum demanded harsh measures to restore order in the rear and at the front.

A group of participants in the State Conference in August 1917 in Moscow.

In the center sits A.F. Kerensky, next to him (in military uniform) - L.G. Kornilov

KORNILOVSKY REVOLUTION

GOALS

Establishment of a military dictatorship
Suppression of the revolutionary movement
Bringing the war to a victorious end
Taking the country out of the crisis

L.G. Kornilov, as the supreme commander-in-chief, withdrew the troops from the front and sent them to Petrograd

All the left-wing parties opposed Kornilov. A significant part of the army and the Petrograd garrison remained loyal to the government and the Soviet. The People's Defense Committee was formed. The factories created detachments of the Red Guard (up to 40 thousand people). The mutiny was liquidated with the help of:

campaigning measures
revolutionary sabotage of railway workers
partial hostilities

CONSEQUENCES OF THE KORNILOVSKY REVOLUTION

Deepening socio-economic and political crisis in the country
Strengthening the position of the Bolsheviks and the beginning of the Bolshevization of the Soviets
Power paralysis

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Tasks -

to develop principles for governing the country before the convocation of the Constituent Assembly.

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The Pre-Parliament was formed (20 / IX - 25 / X) for the final decision on the question of government.

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The 3rd coalition Provisional Government was formed (25.09 - 25.10 1917)

3rd Coalition Provisional Government

A.F. Kerensky

Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks

Deepening socio-economic

and the political crisis in the country

4th Coalition Provisional Government

A.F. Kerensky

Cadets, Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks

Military spending amounts to 86% of the budget. Hyperinflation (from January 1914 to January 1917, prices increased by 194%, from January 1917 to December 1917 - by 426%). The state debt of Russia reached 49 billion gold rubles.

Political instability led to a decline in production (down 35%). The real incomes of workers fell to 40% of the pre-war level. The food problem in cities is getting worse. Money trade is being replaced by the exchange of goods

CHRONICLE OF THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION

On the night the 25th of October- the rebels occupy the Nikolaevsky and Baltic railway stations, the central power station.

the 25th of October at 10 o'clock - an appeal by the Military Revolutionary Committee "To the Citizens of Russia" about the overthrow of the Provisional Government.

The majority were Bolsheviks and Left SRs, who supported the plan for an armed uprising.
The Mensheviks and Right SRs sharply condemned the actions of the Bolsheviks and demanded that the congress begin negotiations with the Provisional Government on FORMATION OF A NEW OFFICE OF MINISTERS based on all sectors of society.
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Not receiving the approval of the congress, the Menshevik and Right Socialist-Revolutionary factions left the meeting.

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They deprived themselves of the opportunity to take part in the formation of new government bodies, which means they could not correct the actions of the Bolsheviks “from within”.

II All-Russian Congress of Soviets

The decree on power -

Appeal "To workers, soldiers and peasants!"

Transfer of power to the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies

The emergence of a new form of state - the Republic of Soviets

All-Russian Congress of Soviets

All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK)

Composition: Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, Menshevik Internationalists, Bolsheviks, etc.

Composition: Bolsheviks. Moderator: V. I. Lenin

Council of People's Commissars

(Council of People's Commissars or SNK).

People's Commissariats (Commissariats)

Breaking down the old state apparatus and creating a new one

Formation of new supreme bodies of power: the Congress of Soviets - the highest legislative body, between congresses - the All-Russian Central Executive Committee; SNK - the highest executive agency; People's Commissariats - executive bodies.
November 22, 1917 - court decree: the main court is local courts. Local courts and revolutionary tribunates are elected by the Soviets.
December 7, 1917 - the creation of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage (VChK) (head - F.E.Dzerzhinsky).
January 15, 1918 - decree on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army.
January 29, 1918 - decree on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet.

Peace decree

Offer to the belligerent countries and their governments:

to conclude a democratic peace without annexations (seizures) and indemnities;
abolish secret diplomacy;
respect the sovereignty (independence) of large and small nations

Russia got a chance to get out of the First World War. An attempt to combine the revolution in Russia with the world revolution.

December 2, 1917- the signing of an armistice in Brest-Litovsk between the Soviet delegation (headed by People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs L. D. Trotsky) and representatives of Germany and the beginning of negotiations on a separate peace.

March 3, 1918- the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty by the Soviet delegation (head - G. Ya. Sokolnikov) with Germany:

the occupation of the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, and the Northern Black Sea region by German troops. Russia's refusal from these territories;
withdrawal of Russian armies from Finland, Ukraine, conclusion of a separate peace with the latter;
the transfer of a part of the Transcaucasia to Turkey;
payment by Russia of indemnity to Germany (6 billion marks).

March 14, 1918- IV Extraordinary All-Russian Congress of Soviets in the new capital - Moscow: ratification (approval) of the Brest Peace.

Domestic political consequences of the signing of the Brest Peace Treaty:

strengthening of the internal party struggle;
aggravation of relations between the Bolsheviks and other socialist parties: the left SRs withdrew from the SNK  the bipartisan Soviet government ceased to exist. But representatives of the Left SRs remained in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and Soviets at all levels.
growing dissatisfaction of the political opponents of the Bolsheviks with the signing of the predatory peace.

The Right Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks reacted very sharply to the Peace of Brest-Litovsk.

The VIII Council of the AKP in May 1918 demanded that the treaty be annulled and declared that the liquidation of Soviet power "constitutes the next and urgent task of all democracy," that is, the party embarked on the path of an armed struggle against the Bolsheviks.
The resignation of the Council of People's Commissars was demanded at the IV Congress of Soviets by the leader of the Mensheviks, Martov.

The Bolsheviks retaliated.

In June 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee expelled representatives of the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks from its membership and invited the Soviets of all levels to remove them from their midst.
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In fact, this meant the prohibition of the Menshevik and Right Socialist Revolutionary parties.

Land decree

Based on 242 local peasant land orders put forward by the Socialist Revolutionary Party:

confiscation of landlord and church lands;
abolition of private ownership of land;
transfer of highly cultured farms to the state;
non-admission of hired labor on land;
equalizing land use.

The answer to the age-old aspirations of the peasantry. The use by the Bolsheviks of the agrarian program of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party to attract the peasants to their side.

May 9 and 27, 1918- decrees establishing a food dictatorship - a system of emergency measures to supply the workers and the army with food: the state monopoly of the grain trade, fixed prices for bread, centralization of procurement and distribution of products;

May 1918- sending food detachments of workers to the village to confiscate grain;

June 11, 1918... - the creation of committees of the poor (kombedov) (operated until November 1918).  Purpose - withdrawal and redistribution of grain stocks; weakening of the influence of wealthy peasants (kulaks), who make up the majority in local village councils.

national equality and sovereignty of all nations and nationalities;
the right of peoples to free self-determination up to the secession and formation of an independent state  secession from Russia of Finland, Poland, Turkish Armenia

V November 1917 by the Decree on the abolition of estates and civilian ranks the division of society into nobles, merchants, peasants, burghers was eliminated, princely, county and other titles, civil ranks were abolished. For the entire population, one name was established - a citizen of the Russian Soviet Republic. Were equalized in civil rights men and women.

January 20, 1918 has been approved Decree on the separation of church from state and school from church.

Nationalization of banks:

December 14, 1917- a decree on the nationalization of private banks  all banking operations are a state monopoly.

Nationalization of enterprises:

November 14, 1917- the decree on workers' control  factory committees received the right to control the process of managing enterprises;

November 17, 1917- the decree on the nationalization of the Likinskaya manufactory (near Orekhovo-Zuevo), water and railway transport;

December 2, 1917- the decree on the creation of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh) (head - V.V. Osipami, since February 1918 - A.I. Rykov) -> the goal is to ensure the transition from workers' control at the enterprise after nationalization to centralized management;

July 28, 1918- the decree on the transfer of management of all nationalized enterprises of the Supreme Council of the National Economy.

January 10-18, 1918 - III All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd(in the course of its work there was a merger of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies with the Council of Peasants' Deputies)

REFUSAL OF THE CIVIL WORLD AND

DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

January 10-18, 1918 - III All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd (in the course of its work, the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies merged with the Council of Peasants' Deputies):

adoption of the "Declaration of the Rights of the Working and Exploited People" as a constitution: Russia is proclaimed the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), the government (SNK) is no longer called temporary;
approval of all decrees of the Soviet government and the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly;
making a decision on the need to prepare the Constitution of the RSFSR.

July 4-10, 1918- V All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Moscow: adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.

legalized a new form of statehood - the dictatorship of the proletariat in the form of Soviet power;
guaranteed democratic rights and freedoms that could not be used to the detriment of the achievements of the socialist revolution;
only the working population (workers and peasants) have been granted electoral rights; all who used hired labor, as well as former policemen and priests, are deprived of these rights;
established unequal representation of townspeople and villagers in the Soviets - approximately 1: 5.

The 5th Congress approved the flag and coat of arms of the RFSR.

The Constitution of the RSFSR (1918, section 6, ch. XVII, § 90) provides following description flag: "The commercial, naval and military flag of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic consists of a red (scarlet) cloth, in the left corner of which there is one of the variants of the RSFSR flag in 1918, at the pole, at the top, there are golden letters" RSFSR "or an inscription "Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic".

In the Constitution of the RSFSR (Chapter XVII, Section 6, § 89): "The coat of arms of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic consists of images on a red background in the rays of the sun with a golden sickle and hammer, placed crosswise with handles downwards, surrounded by a crown of ears and with the inscription:

a) Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

b) Workers of all countries, unite! "

Formation of a one-party system

July 6, 1918- An attempt by the Left SRs (leaders: M.A. Spiridonova, B.D. Komkov, M.A. W. von Mirbach; arrest of F.E.Dzerzhinsky.

July 9-11, 1918 - an armed uprising against Soviet power in Simbirsk, organized by the commander of the Eastern Front, Left Socialist-Revolutionary M. A. Muravyov. The main slogan of the Left Social Revolutionaries: the resumption of the war with Germany

Suppression of the Left SRs

Effects

Establishment of a one-party system in the country

The absence of legal opposition made it possible to avoid disagreements and crises of power in the context of the outbreak of the Civil War.
The transition of the opposition (Left Social Revolutionaries, Left Mensheviks, etc.) to the camp of opponents of the Bolsheviks led to the extremely fierce and protracted nature of the Civil War.
The absence of opposition led to the formation of a "rarefied" intellectual atmosphere around the authorities, which in such conditions could freely resort to extremes

Literature:

Levandovsky A.A. History of Russia, XX - early XXI century. Grade 11. Basic level .. 7th ed. M .: Education, 2013.
Katsva L.A. The history of homeland. Handbook for high school students and applicants to universities .. 7th ed. M: AST-Press, 2012.
Kirillov V.V. National history in diagrams and tables .. M .: Eksmo, 2010.
Baranov P.A. History of Russia in tables: 6-11 grade: ref. materials. Moscow: Ast Rel, 2011.

February Revolution of 1917

Causes of the revolution:
Deterioration of the situation of the people.
Undecided
agricultural,
worker,
national issues.
Aggravation
socio-economic
contradictions caused by a long and
exhausting war.
General dissatisfaction with the policy of tsarism.
Character
revolution
–
bourgeois-democratic

Chronicle of revolutionary events

February 23, 1917 - the beginning of the revolution, strikes
in hungry Petrograd ("Bread!", "Peace!", "Down with
autocracy!").
February 26, 1917 - a general strike in the capital (80%
workers of the city), the shooting of the demonstration by troops.
February 27, 1917 - the transition of the military garrison
capital Cities
to the side of the workers, the arrest of the tsarist
government, the victory of the revolutionary forces.
Demonstration on Nevsky Prospect

From the message of the empress
Alexandra
Fedorovna
Nikolay
II:
"It
–
hooligan
traffic,
boys
and
girls
run and shout what they have
no bread, just for
to
create
excitement - and workers,
that hinder others
work. If the weather
was very cold, they
everyone would probably sit
at home".

Messages sent to Headquarters on February 25 - 26, 1917

From
telegrams
minister
internal
cases
HELL.
Protopopova: “The movement is
unorganized
character,
spontaneous character, along with
excesses
anti-government
properties rampant in places
welcome
troops.
Termination
further
riots
accepted
energetic
measures
the military
superiors.
V
Moscow
calmly".
Soldiers' demonstration in Petrograd
in February days. 1917 g.

Messages sent to Headquarters on February 25 - 26, 1917

From
telegrams
chairman
IV
State Duma M.V. Rodzianko:
“The situation is serious. In the capital -
anarchy. The government is paralyzed.
Food and fuel transport
came into complete frustration. On
streets
going on
messy
shooting. Troops are shooting at each other
friend.
Necessary
immediately
instruct
face,
using
trust of the country, to compose a new
government.
Procrastinate
it is forbidden.
Any delay is like death.
I pray to God that at this hour
a responsibility
not
fell
on
crown bearer ".

Abdication of Nicholas II

From
The manifesto
abdication
Nicholas II: “In these decisive
days in the life of Russia we honored
debt
conscience
facilitate
our people close unity
and the rallying of all the forces of the people
for early achievement
victories,
and
v
consent
with
State
duma,
we admitted for the good to renounce
from
throne
States
Russian and lay off
supreme power ".
March 2, 1917, Pskov -
abdication of Nicholas II.

New authorities. February 27, 1917

Petrograd Soviet
workers and soldiers
deputies
Interim committee
State
Duma
Temporary
government

Establishment of dual power

During the revolutionary events in Petrograd
at the same time, two authorities arose:
Provisional government based on
support
the bourgeoisie,
nobility,
officers.
Petrograd Soviet, based on
workers and soldiers of the capital garrison.
The presence of two authorities was cited
IN AND. Lenin's dual power.

The reasons and essence of dual power
Interweaving of two currents of the February Revolution and two
branches of government after its victory
Revolutionary socialist
Bourgeois-liberal
The authority of the Workers' Council,
soldiers and peasants
deputies
Power of the Provisional
governments
SRs
Mensheviks
Cadets
Octobrists
SRs
Mensheviks Nikolai Semenovich Chkheidze
February 27, 1917 representatives
leftist parties announced the creation
a revolutionary organ of power -
Petrograd Workers' Council and
soldiers' deputies.
Most places in Petrogradsky
The Mensheviks and
SRs.
Chairperson
executive
Committee of the Petrograd Soviet was
Menshevik N.S. Chkheidze.
At a meeting on March 2, 1917, the executive committee
Petrogradsky
Of the Council
accepted
the decision to transfer the state
power to the Provisional Government.
Opening of the first meeting of the Petrograd
Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies in
Tauride Palace. March 2, 1917

The reasons why the Petrograd Soviet voluntarily transferred power to the Provisional Government

The views of the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks on
the revolution that took place as a bourgeois-democratic one.
Fears of rampant revolutionary anarchy
elements in the country.
The desire to have a government body
power, the legitimacy of which would be
recognized by all layers of Russian
society and the allied powers. Pressure on the Provisional Government with
aim
holding
v
country
democratic transformation.
Control over the activities of the Provisional
government.
Assistance to the Provisional Government in
solving some issues.

Circumstances of the creation of the Provisional Government

February 27, 1917 by deputies of the IV State
Duma was created by the Provisional Committee of members
The State Duma, which declared itself the bearer of the Supreme
power in the country.
March 2, 1917 in agreement with Petrogradsky
Council, the Interim Committee was transformed into
Provisional government.
The Provisional Government became the bearer of the highest
legislative and executive power.
Temporary
government
must
It was
administer a country prior to convocation
Constituent Assembly.

Provisional government from March 2 to October 25, 1917

Government and its
leader
Duration
activities
Period
governmental
crisis
Politically
homogeneous, Prince G.E.
Lviv
March 2 - May 2
1917 g.
May 3-4, 1917
I coalition
government, Prince G.E.
Lviv
May 5 - July 2
1917 g.
July 3 - 23, 1917
II coalition, A.F.
Kerensky
July 24 - August 26
1917 g.
August 26 - 24
september
III coalition, A.F.
Kerensky
September 25 - 25
october
1917 g.

Composition of the Provisional Government

The first chapter of the Provisional
government, Prince Georgy Evgenievich Lvov
By its composition, the Temporary
the government was liberal-bourgeois (11 ministers).
It includes representatives of parties
cadets and octobrists.
Chairman and Minister of Internal
affairs - Prince Georgy Evgenievich
Lviv.
Foreign Secretary
P.N. Milyukov.
Minister of War - A.I. Guchkov.
The only one
representative
socialist direction was
Minister of Justice A.F. Kerensky
(trudovik)

Poster (1917) with portraits of members
interim government
Meeting of the first composition of the Provisional
governments

The political program of the Provisional Government was
set out on March 3, 1917 in the Declaration of the Provisional
government, which included the following provisions:
Amnesty for political and religious affairs.
Freedom of speech, press, association, assembly.
Elimination of national, religious and class
restrictions.
Replacement of the police by the people's militia.
Convening of the Constituent Assembly.
The solution to the main issues of the revolution was postponed until
convocation of the Constituent Assembly:
About the political system.
About agrarian reform.
On the self-determination of peoples.

Political program of the Provisional Government

Everything
questions,
delivered
revolution,
had to be decided by the Constituent Assembly.
However, the difficulties of holding elections in conditions
the chaos that gripped the country, as well as fears,
that they will end with the victory of the left parties,
urged the Provisional Government to delay
its convocation.
As a result, it was it and the Socialist-Menshevik Soviets that supported it became in the eyes of the masses
the culprits of the aggravation of the country's problems.

Activities of the Provisional Government

Successes
Introduction of democratic
rights and freedoms.
Cancellation
national
restrictions.
Carrying out
wide
amnesty.
Destruction of political
censorship.
Abolition of the death penalty for
political activity.
Implementation of the course on
creation
secular
the state.
The proclamation
Of Russia
republic
(September 1
1917)
Failures
Continuation
participation
Russia in the First World War
war.
Tightening
solutions
agrarian question.
Postponement of elections in
Constituent Assembly.
Mortal recovery
executions in the military zone
action.
Introduction
military revolutionary courts.

General:
The revolution was considered bourgeois-democratic and
were in favor of transfer state power
the liberal bourgeoisie.
Supported the continuation of the war.
Performed
per
inviolability
private
(landlord's) lands and the solution of the agrarian question
after the end of the war.
We advocated the introduction of broad political freedoms.
Performed
against
unauthorized
solutions
national
the question
peoples
Of Russia
v
unilaterally.

Comparative analysis of the positions of the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet

Provisional government
Petrograd Soviet
It was believed that the question of
future form of government
must
decide
Constituent Assembly.
Fought for the war before
victorious
end
with
subsequent
the acquisition
new
territories.
Advocated for preservation
principle of one-man management in
army.
Performed
against
shortening the working day in
wartime conditions.
Demanded
immediate
ads
Of Russia
republic.
Advocated for the revolutionary
war to defend against
Germany.
Performed
per
democratizing the army and
introduction of the elective principle.
Advocated for the establishment
8 hour working day. The main resolution of the Petrograd
Council was the order number 1 on Petrogradsky
garrison from
March 2, which contained
the following provisions:
Reassignment
troops
Petrogradsky
garrison to the Petrograd Soviet
The introduction of elected soldiers' committees,
supervising the actions of the officers (canceling
the principle of one-man command in the army)
Equalization in civil rights of soldiers with
officers, the introduction of the election of commanders
Political permission
activities in
troops

Consequences of order number 1

Democratizing the army.
Involvement of the army in the revolution
(expansion of the social base of the revolution
at the expense of a multimillion-dollar soldier
masses).
The transformation of the Petrograd Soviet into
a real political force.
The fall
military
disciplines
and
the fighting efficiency of the army (the collapse of the army).

Political results of February 1917

The abdication of the king. Liquidation of the monarchy in
Russia.
Conquest
political
freedoms.
Democratic development perspective
Russia.
The emergence of dual power.

Occasion:
Note
minister
foreign
cases
P.N.
Milyukova
allied
powers to continue
war to the bitter end.
Massive
demonstrations
protest demanding
the resignation of P.N. Milyukov.
Demonstration of protest against the note
Milyukova

April crisis of the Provisional Government

Results:
The resignation of P.N. Milyukov from the post of minister
foreign affairs.
The resignation of A.I. Guchkov from the post of Minister of War.
Formation of the 1st coalition government;
joining the Provisional Government
representatives of socialist parties (Socialist-Revolutionaries,
Trudoviks, Mensheviks) - 10 ministers of liberals
and
6
ministers-socialists.
Chairman - G.E. Lviv.
A.F. Kerensky,
Minister of Agriculture - the leader of the Socialist-Revolutionaries V.M.
Chernov.

April crisis of the Provisional Government

The role of the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks in the Provisional
government has increased significantly.
By
question
O
war
they
occupied
contradictory position. Speaking for
an early conclusion of a peace treaty, they
did not propose specific measures for this
occasion.
Continuation of hostilities from the outside
They justified Russia by turning
wars in the revolutionary and patriotic.

Lenin and his associates at the station
Stockholm
April 3, 1917 Lenin
returned to Petrograd.
At night he spoke at
meeting of Petrograd
Bolsheviks with a report
"On the tasks of the proletariat
in this revolution ”.
The abstracts of the report were
published in Pravda
and went down in history as
"April Theses".

"April Theses" by V.I. Lenin

The theses set the task of transition to
the second stage of the revolution, which
must transfer power to the proletariat and
the poorest peasantry.
As opposed to the “pressure” requirement
on
Temporary
government
nominated
slogan
"No
support! ".
Lenin insisted on the transition of all
authorities to the Soviets, believing that without them
support the Provisional Government
will fall.
Simultaneously
he
spoke
O
the need
for
Bolsheviks
fight to win the majority in
The Soviets, believing that power can be taken
in peaceful way.
Bolsheviks
"All power to the Soviets!"
"No support
The interim
the government! "

On June 3, 1917, the 1st Congress of Soviets opened in Petrograd.
A large majority at the congress belonged to
Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks.
The congress spoke in favor of cooperation with the bourgeois
parties and passed a resolution of confidence in the Provisional
the government.
An unarmed demonstration was scheduled for June 18, 1917,
which should have expressed support for the decisions
Congress of the workers of Petrograd. However, at the demonstration
were dominated by anti-war slogans and calls for the transfer
power to the Soviets.

June crisis of the Provisional Government

Out
from
political
crisis
contributed to the news of the beginning
offensive on the Southwestern Front,
which failed.
Crisis results:
The interim government begins to lose
support of the people.
The composition of the Provisional Government remained
unchanged.

Events 3-4 July
in Petrograd
Various
appraisals
An attempt by the Bolsheviks to capture
power
Demonstrations
workers,
soldier,
sailors
under
slogan
"Down with
Temporary
government "and" All
power to the Soviets "
Riots in the city and
firing squad
demonstrations
on
order of the Provisional
governments
Temporary provocation
governments with the aim
discrediting the Bolsheviks
Liquidation
dual power
Repression against
Bolsheviks

The July Crisis of the Provisional Government

July 24, 1917 - formation II
coalition government in
led by A.F. Kerensky (cadets,
Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks)
July 26 - August 3, 1917 -
VI Congress of the Party
Bolsheviks
heading for armed
insurrection

General L.G. Kornilov

Desiring to consolidate the central authority and
end anarchy, government
A.F.
Kerensky
applied
To
the only organized force on
which could still count - to
generals and personnel officers.
August 12-15, 1917 - State
meeting in Moscow.
Position
tops
armies
on
General L.G.
Kornilov
He demanded the introduction of a mortal
executions
on
front
and
v
rear,
restoration of the army's combat capability,
the continuation of the war until the victorious
end.
V
quality
The Supreme
commander-in-chief
Kornilov
proposed
Kerensky
suppress
revolutionary
anarchy
forces
army.
Demonstration at the Bolshoi Theater on the opening day
State meeting. August 1917

Lavr Georgievich Kornilov
Goals:
Establishment
military
dictatorship.
Suppression
revolutionary
movement.
Bringing the war to victory
end.
Taking the country out of the crisis.
Stroke:
L.G. Kornilov as supreme
commander-in-chief
stripped off
troops from the front and sent them
to Petrograd.

Kornilov revolt of August 25-31, 1917

Temporary
government
and
Advice,
all
revolutionary
strength
united
and
liquidated the rebellion with the help of:
campaigning measures
revolutionary sabotage of railway workers
partial hostilities
Effects:
L.G. Kornilov and his associates were arrested.
Deepening
socio-economic
and
political crisis in the country.
Strengthening the position of the Bolsheviks and the beginning
Bolshevization of the Soviets.
Power paralysis.

Political situation in September 1917

After
performances
Kornilov
with
aim
opposition to the Petrosovet A.F. Kerensky
formed a new authority on September 1, 1917 -
Directory ("The Council of Five"), which proclaimed
A republic of Russia.
On September 14, 1917, the All-Russian
democratic meeting with the participation of all
political parties, which had to decide
the question of power. The Bolsheviks defiantly
left.
September 25, 1917 - creation of the third
coalition government (Socialist Revolutionaries,
Mensheviks, Cadets, non-Party people).
Chairman - A.F. Kerensky.
Alexander Fedorovich Kerensky

Russia in the fall of 1917

In the fall of 1917, the country became aggravated
economic crisis.
War
took away
80%
Total
budget,
enterprises
not
worked, Agriculture It was
busted,
railway
the transport worked irregularly, in
inflation started in the country, there were
difficulties
with
delivery
food to the city.
Demonstration in support
The government often resorted to
Bolsheviks
administrative measures was
a grain monopoly was introduced and
cards.
But this did not improve the situation. On
person per day accounted for 200 g
bread, prices increased 20-30 times.
In these conditions, with special force
developed
strike
traffic.
Red Guards on the streets of Petrograd

Preparation of an armed uprising

Theoretical
Organizational
Military-technical
Articles by V.I. Lenin
"Marxism and
uprising "," Soviets
outsider ",
“The Bolsheviks must
take power "and others.
October 12, 1917 the creation of the Military Revolutionary
committee (VRK) at
Petrograd Council
as a headquarters for
preparation of the uprising.
VRK was under
control
the Bolsheviks.
October 10, October 16
1917 - Central Committee meetings
RSDLP (b), decision on
seizure of power.
Organization of detachments
Red Guard.
Appointment
commissars of the military revolutionary committee in
military units
Petrograd.
Transition
Petrogradsky
garrison to the side
VRK and Petrosovet.
VRK's appeal to workers

Armed uprising in Petrograd and the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks

October 24, 1917 - capture by Red
guards the strategic points of the city.
October 25, 1917 - the rebels occupied
railway stations, State Bank, telegraph, telephone
station,
central
power plant.
Opening in Smolny II All-Russian
Congress of Soviets.
Night from 25 to 26 October 1917 - assault
Winter
palace,
arrest
Temporary
government.

Women's shock battalion on
squares in front of the Winter Palace
The storming of the Winter Palace. Frame from
feature film "October", 1927
Cruiser Aurora"
Juncker in the halls of the Winter Palace
preparing for defense
Armored car "Lieutenant Schmidt",
captured by the Red Guards from
cadets. Petrograd, October 25, 1917

Social Development Alternatives 1917

Military dictatorship
Power of the Provisional
governments
Dictatorship
Bolsheviks
Anarchist riot and
disintegration of the country Meeting of the II All-Russian Congress
Soviets in Smolny. October 25, 1917
Majority at the convention
were the Bolsheviks and
Left SRs.
The rest are right
Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, etc.
- left the congress as a sign
protest
against
armed
performances
the Bolsheviks. The congress adopted the appeal "To workers, soldiers and
peasants! ", proclaiming the deposition of the Provisional
governments and the seizure of power.
The congress adopted the first decrees of the Soviet government:
Land Decree and Peace Decree.
The Peace Decree proposed to all the belligerent countries
immediately make peace without annexations and
contributions.
The Land Decree was based on 242 local
peasant orders to the I Congress of Soviets. Canceled
private ownership of land, established
equalizing land use with periodic
redistribution of land (program of the SRs). In addition, the congress elected the first
Soviet government - People's Council
Komissarov (SNK), headed by V.I. Lenin. It
consisted only of the Bolsheviks.
The Council of People's Commissars was accountable to the Congress of Soviets and
All-Russian Central Executive
committee (All-Russian Central Executive Committee), the majority of which
belonged to the Bolsheviks and Left SRs.
The first chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was elected L.B.
Kamenev, in November 1917 he was replaced by Ya.M.
Sverdlov.

Reasons, character, driving forces
Major events of the revolution
Formation of the Provisional Government

Slide 2

Slide 3

World War I exacerbated all the contradictions in society

Slide 4

The need to eliminate the feudal-serf remnants that restrain the development of the country.

Slide 5

Contradictions between landlords and peasants

Slide 6

Contradictions between workers and the bourgeoisie.

Slide 7

Contradictions between the center and the outskirts

Kiev 1917
Yakutsk 1917
Tomsk 1917
Central Asia 1917

Slide 8

Contradictions between government and society

Dissolution of the Duma
Dissolution of the Duma
Grigory Rasputin
Political strike in the Caucasus

Slide 9

We fill in the table: "Events of the February Revolution of 1917".

Slide 10

The first riots began with the strike of workers at the Putilov factory on February 17, whose workers demanded an increase in prices by 50% and the hiring of laid-off workers.
The administration did not satisfy the stated requirements. In solidarity with the Putilov workers, many enterprises in Petrograd went on strike. They were supported by the workers of the Narva outpost and the Vyborg side. Thousands of random people joined the crowds of workers: teenagers, students, small employees, intellectuals. On February 23, a manifestation of women workers of Petrograd took place.
February 18 - They were supported by the workers of the Narva outpost and the Vyborg side.

Slide 11

According to estimates, the number of strikers was about 300 thousand! In fact, it was a general strike. The main slogans of these events were: “Down with the autocracy!”, “Down with the war!”, “Down with the Tsar!”, “Down with Nicholas!”, “Bread and Peace!”.

Slide 12

February 25: general political strike. Slogans: "Down with tsarism!", "Down with autocracy!", "Down with war!"
On the evening of February 25, Nicholas II gave the order to end the riots in the capital. The State Duma was dissolved.

Slide 13

February 26: Political strike escalates into insurrection

On the night of February 26-27, insurgent soldiers joined the workers, on the morning of February 27 the district court was burned down and the house of pre-trial detention was seized, prisoners were released from prison, among whom were many members of the revolutionary parties arrested in the last days... On February 27, the Arsenal and the Winter Palace were captured. The autocracy was overthrown.

Slide 14

The Arsenal and the Winter Palace were captured. The autocracy was overthrown. On the same day, the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies of Petrograd was formed, and the members of the Progressive Bloc created the Provisional Committee of the Duma, which took the initiative to "restore state and public order."

Gun arsenal
Winter Palace

Slide 15

March 2 - Nicholas II signed the act of abdication.

Slide 16

The Provisional Government was created on March 3, 1917

The Provisional Government (March 3 (16), 1917 - October 26 (November 8) 1917) - the highest legislative and executive body of state power in Russia in the period between the February and October revolutions.
Prince Lvov G.E. chairman of the government.

Slide 17

The negative results of the fall of the autocracy

The main negative results of the overthrow of the Autocracy by the February Revolution in Russia can be considered:

The transition from the evolutionary development of society to development along a revolutionary path, which inevitably led to an increase in the number of violent crimes against the individual and infringement of property rights in society.
A significant weakening of the army (as a result of revolutionary agitation in the army and Order number 1), a drop in its combat effectiveness and, as a consequence, its ineffective further struggle on the fronts of the First World War.
The destabilization of society, which led to a deep split in the existing civil society in Russia. As a result, there was a sharp increase in class contradictions in society, the growth of which during 1917 led to the transfer of power into the hands of radical forces, which ultimately led to the Civil War in Russia.

Slide 18

The positive results of the fall of the autocracy

One of the biggest vestiges of feudalism, which seriously hampered the development of the country, the autocracy, was eliminated.
Conditions were created for the real development of society along a democratic path.
There was a short-term consolidation of society as a result of the adoption of a number of democratic legislative acts and a real chance for society on the basis of this consolidation to resolve many long-standing contradictions social development country.

However, as subsequent events, which ultimately led to a bloody civil war, showed, the country's leaders, who came to power as a result of the February revolution, could not take advantage of these real, albeit extremely small (given that Russia was at that time in a state of war) chances on this.

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