Birds of Ivanovo forests. Photo and description of birds of the Moscow region. Great Spotted Woodpecker

The nature of the Ivanovo region is peculiar and unique in its own way, which is facilitated by the geographical location - the central part of European Russia. It is not without reason that these lands have been attracting tourists for many decades. The region is rich in its water resources - there are more than a hundred lakes here, with an amazing inimitable relief and flora and fauna. Dense mixed forests, fast, deep rivers and rich clean air all contribute to the development of tourist infrastructure. Especially attractive is the turbulent river Lukh - a tributary of the Klyazma - a favorite place for tourists - canoeists.

The flora of the Ivanovo region

The nature of these places is amazingly diverse. The flora is represented by different orders of flora representatives. On the way in the forest, you can see dense spruce forests growing side by side with birch groves, oak stands are replaced by pine forests. And also endless meadows in the floodplains of rivers. The richness of medicinal plants is especially impressive - there are more than 600 species of them. In swampy areas of the forest, cranberries grow in abundance. Closer to autumn, whole meadows of mushrooms are found throughout the forest.

Numerous shrubs and small trees fit perfectly into the general landscape of nature, complementing it. These are raspberries, mountain ash, black and gray alder, hazel, bird cherry, irga, honeysuckle, wild rosemary, viburnum. About 10 species of willow grow in the forests of the Ivanovo region; oak, linden, three types of birches, aspen and poplar are found in large numbers. There are a lot of plants listed in the Red Book - lily of the valley, skirt, yart, raven eye, the whole family of bell-flowers, carnations, white and yellow water lilies. The most common berries are lingonberries, blueberries, gonoble, blueberries, drupes, and strawberries are represented by three types ...

Fauna of the Ivanovo region

The Klyazmensky nature reserve, which has federal status, is one of the most significant nature conservation objects in the Ivanovo region. It stretches across the territory of Savinsky and Yuzhsky districts - with a total area of \u200b\u200b21000 km. Here you can often find a fox, hare, squirrel, marten, mink, river otter.

Many animals have been colonized, including wild boar, elk, beaver and muskrat. The world of birds is especially rich - more than 100 species. These are sparrows, jackdaws, crows, pigeons - sisari, wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, tits, jays, owls. Nesting birds are represented by the common gray crane, cuckoo, swift, swallows, nightingales, ducks. Their flying birds are ducks, geese, swans.

The favorable environment favors the development of the species of reptiles and amphibians. Here you can often see a lizard, frog, toad, snakes and various snakes. The aquatic world is inhabited by more than a dozen species of fish, which contributes to successful fishing. Protected butterfly species are ubiquitous throughout the region. These are Apollo and Swallowtail. A large number of bumblebees and bees, which favorably affects the pollination of plants and the expansion of their population. A total of 192 species of animals in this region are listed in the Red Book and are protected to the fullest extent of the law.

Climate in the Ivanovo region

The Ivanovo region is located in a temperate continental climatic zone, which determined its climate features. The summers are relatively warm here, and winters are distinguished by their persistent moderate frosts and snow cover. The coldest month is considered to be January, and the hottest is July. The average monthly temperature in winter ranges from -11 to - 12 degrees, and in summer - from + 17.5 to + 18 degrees. Annual precipitation is approaching 550-600 mm. The dominant wind direction is southwest. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 30-50 cm, while the freezing of the ground reaches 25-45 cm.

The general avifaunistic list of the Ivanovo region is 238 bird species of different residence status.

In 11 surveyed model areas, 70 rare bird species were recorded, which make up 37% of the total number of species (189) found in these model areas (Table 1).
These 70 species belong to 16 orders. A significant proportion (more than 50%) of rare species are included in three orders: falconiformes (21.43%), charadriiformes (21.43%), passerine (11.43%).
Representatives of these detachments experience the greatest anthropogenic pressure: a detachment of falconifers due to their territorial needs and direct pursuit, and a detachment of charadriiformes - due to direct pursuit and a small number of habitats suitable for habitation. Representatives of the Passeriformes order more successfully adapt to anthropogenic influences (trophic plasticity, small body size, tolerance to anthropogenic impact, etc.), however, they are the most numerous in terms of the number of species, which determined their significant share in the list of rare birds.
Species with a relatively stable abundance, vulnerable species in need of control over their condition, are found at all hospitals, including the city, which to some extent confirms their relative well-being.
Dispersing and endangered species are found only at some stations. Dispersing species are noted mainly in those territories where the species are endangered. This indicates that resettlement species goes paths that include biotopes and territories that are especially valuable for the habitat of endangered species.
The largest number of endangered species and species that are decreasing in numbers are recorded in the territories that have been least transformed by humans and at the same time have the greatest structural heterogeneity. These bird species inhabit a wide range of natural and poorly transformed landscapes of the European center of Russia.
Moreover, most often they choose the territory that has been least transformed by humans and has the highest productivity. In anthropogenically transformed landscapes, these bird species choose the territories most similar to natural biotopes and also characterized by significant productivity (reservoirs, fish ponds, peat quarries, etc.).

List of rare bird species noted in the model areas

Endangered species
Black throated loon
Lesser Spotted Eagle
Black stork
Golden eagle
Grey goose
Serpentine
Osprey
Peregrine falcon
White-tailed eagle
Kobchik
Great Spotted Eagle
Owl

Declining species
Derbnik
Klintukh
Quail
Roller
Oystercatcher
Green woodpecker
Big curlew
Wood lark
Great snipe
Gray shrike

Species with relatively stable numbers
Red-necked toadstool
Little gull
Sviyaz
White-winged tern
Gogol
Long-tailed owl
Meadow harrier
Kingfisher
Gray crane
Gray-headed woodpecker
Big shawl
White-backed woodpecker
Turukhtan
Three-toed woodpecker
Guardsman
Nutcracker
Morodunka
Blue tit

Species with undefined status requiring additional information
Gray-faced toadstool
Wasp eater
Field harrier
Garshnep

Species on the border of the range
Big merganser
Deaf cuckoo
Burial ground
Hoopoe
Golden plover
Middle woodpecker
Fifi
Yurok
Great gray owl
Garden bunting
Dispersing species
Great egret
Ringed dove
Herring gull

Vulnerable species that need to be monitored
Black-necked toadstool
Big snail
Big bittern
Sparrow owl
Black kite
Upland Owl
Common kestrel
Nightjar
Wood grouse
Meadow horse
Landrail
Common cricket
Herbalist

The current state of rare bird species

Eastern Upper Volga. In the course of the work, 16 bird species were registered, included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Globally threatened species (great spotted eagle, burial ground, white-tailed eagle) were recorded only at 4 stations: Klyazminsky reserve (2 species), r. Lukh (3 species), Morkushskoe reservoir (2 species), r. Nerl (1 species). The presence of these species in these areas undoubtedly testifies to their significant conservation value. However, at present only the Klyazminsky nature reserve has an official status of a specially protected natural area.
At stations 1 (Klyazminsky reserve), 2 (Lukh river), 3 (Balakhninskaya lowland), the largest number of rare species included in different groups rarities.
Use of indicator species to identify protected areas. The method of using types of indicators was used by us when identifying and substantiating new protected areas in the Ivanovo region - the Lukhsky ornithological reserve and the natural park V "Yuzhsky".
Lukhsky ornithological reserve is planned to be created within the IBRA of international rank B “Poyma r. Luh from s. Myt to the village. Mugreevo-NikolskoeV ". The identification of IBRA and the determination of its boundaries was carried out in the course of research from 1999 to 2002 during the implementation of project B "Key Bird Areas of Russia". When identifying the boundaries of the proposed reserve, we used clearly defined relief elements in such a way that the individual territories of the indicator species (osprey, great spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle) were completely within the protected area.
The most characteristic species-indicator of valuable floodplain landscapes experiencing insignificant anthropogenic load, characterized by a high level of landscape and faunistic diversity and stable over time, is the great spotted eagle. On the territory of the planned reserve, 6 breeding territories of this species have been identified.
Of the species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, the territory of the proposed Lukh ornithological reserve is inhabited by: osprey, white-tailed eagle, great spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, owl, blue tit, Russian desman.
Natural park V "YuzhskyV" is planned to be created on the territory of the Balakhninskaya lowland.
The use of indicator species made it possible to expand the previously proposed territory of the natural park. The following indicator species were found in this area: black stork, snake eagle, golden eagle, gray crane and eagle owl. Among the species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, in the territory of the proposed natural park "YuzhskyV" live: black stork, snake eagle, great curlew, eagle owl, gray shrike, blue tit.
In addition, a peregrine falcon was recorded once (May 10, 2001).

1. At least 70 rare bird species live and breed on the territory of the Eastern Upper Volga region, and 16 of these species are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
2. As indicators of high faunistic diversity when identifying valuable territories, such bird species as black stork, osprey, great spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, snake eagle, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gray crane, eagle owl can be used.
3. Biological and ecological characteristics of bird species suggested as indicators of faunistic diversity: they are the tops of trophic pyramids, are well visible, sensitive to changes in the environment, when feeding and nesting are found in the overwhelming majority of landscapes of the Eastern Upper Volga region; the time interval between the change in the environment and the reaction to it is minimal.
4. An express method for identifying valuable territories can be the detection of types of indicators when observing from points with a wide viewing area during demonstration flights, marking the individual and hunting territories of these species, as well as direction finding during periods of vocalization; the boundaries of protected areas should fully include their individual territories.

The bird world of the Moscow region is diverse. So much so that many do not even suspect. Today we will tell you about the birds of the Moscow region, as well as present their gorgeous photos and a short description.

White stork - big birdthat lives mainly in marsh areas.

The black stork is a rare species that has entered the Red Book of many countries, including the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine.

Big cormorant is a huge individual that can dive under water.

Saker Falcon is a representative of carnivorous species belonging to the falcon family.

The snipe is a small representative of the avian world with a long and very sharp beak.

Golden Eagle is the largest eagle.

Northern warbler - belongs to the reed family. It is migratory.

The glaucous gull, or the great polar gull, is one of the species of gulls.

Woodcock is an asocial animal. Prefers to hide from human eyes. Active at night.

Bluethroat is small, somewhat larger than a common sparrow.

The great bodew is one of the favorite birds of hunters.

Small girdle - outwardly similar to a large greece, only with shorter legs.

The turtleneck is a relative of woodpeckers, but its behavior is more like a sparrow.

The brownie sparrow is the most common type of sparrow.

Field sparrow - unlike the house sparrow, it is independent of humans.

Ravens are very careful, they move easily on the ground.

The gray crow is one of the most recognizable birds Moscow region.

Big bittern - today in the Moscow region belongs to endangered species.

The little bittern, or the top, is the smallest heron.

Wood pigeon, or vituten, is one of the types of pigeons.

The red-throated loon is the smallest of its kind.

Black-throated loons are the most common type of loons.

Brown-headed gait, or powder, prefers to live in coniferous forests.

The gray-headed gait is smaller than the powder and the black-headed gait.

The black-headed gadget, or marsh, is a live and mobile bird, slightly smaller than a sparrow.

Jackdaw is one of the smallest representatives of the corvids.

Tie - refers to the migratory species. Small, slightly larger than a sparrow.

Garshnep is a small snipe weighing up to 45 grams.

Capercaillie is a very large pheasant that got its nickname due to loss of vigilance during the mating season.

Gogol is a small diving duck.

Dove gray - has amazing eyesight. Some of the species that humans have domesticated.

The garden redstart, or the coot redstart, most often lives in gardens and parks.

Black Redstart - has dark plumage and is slightly smaller in size than a sparrow.

The ringed turtledove is a representative of the pigeon family. Has a characteristic ring on the neck.

Little dove is a small bird with a long tail, of the pigeon family.

Common turtledove is a small bird of the pigeon family.

Rook is a representative of corvids. The body length does not reach 50 cm.

Gryazovik is a small sandpiper belonging to the snipe family.

Bean goose is a waterfowl of the duck family.

White-fronted goose - very similar to gray goose, however, it is smaller.

The gray goose is one of the most popular wild geese.

Derbnik is a very rare species. Predatory falcon.

Deryaba is a small bird weighing up to 140 g.

The songbird is an average bird up to 25 cm long.

Black-throated thrush - refers to the song species. The chant is slow, unhurried.

The blackbird is a songbird that is found both in villages and in cities.

White-browed thrush is the smallest thrush and the most widespread bird of its kind in the post-Soviet space.

The field thrush is a rather large individual with a gray head color.

The bustard, or dudak, is the heaviest of the flying birds.

Dubonos is a small bird with a huge beak.

Dubrovnik is small, belongs to the oatmeal family.

Great snipe is a small snipe with a long and massive beak.

The white-backed woodpecker is the largest of the woodpecker family.

The Great Spotted Woodpecker, or the Spotted Woodpecker, is one of the most famous members of its family.

The green woodpecker lives mostly in the Western part of Eurasia. It is rare in Russia.

The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is the smallest member of its family.

The gray-headed woodpecker, or the gray-headed woodpecker, leads a nomadic lifestyle in winter, prefers a forest area.

Syrian woodpecker - previously present only in the Middle East, but eventually migrated to Europe.The middle-spotted woodpecker, or fidgety, is a small bird of the woodpecker family.

Three-toed woodpecker - characteristic feature is a yellow spot on the head.

The black woodpecker, or gallna, is one of the largest representatives of its species.

The white-winged lark is a mobile and small lark.

The forest lark, or whirligig, is a small brown bird.

Lark of the field - known for their loud and melodic singing.

The horned lark is a typical lark, but with characteristic "horns" on its head.

The steppe lark is a well-singing small bird.

The black lark is a small bird up to 21 cm long.

Crane gray - large bird with a body weight of up to 6 kg.

Lesser Accentor is the most common species of the family.

The Siberian Accentor is slightly smaller than a sparrow. The body length does not exceed 17 cm.

Zaryanka is a cute bird resembling a ball.

Common greenfinch - flies like batjumping with both legs.

The common kingfisher is slightly larger than a sparrow. Has a relatively large beak.

Snake-eater - parents feed their chicks mainly with snakes, despite the fact that their diet is very wide.

Small zuek - prefers to live on the shores of lakes and rivers.

The finch is small in size, slightly smaller than a sparrow.

Oriole - has yellow-black plumage and slightly elongated body structure.

Barnacle goose - until recently, this goose was considered a very rare species.

The Canadian goose is a species of goose. It stands out among its relatives with a shorter neck.

The red-breasted goose is a small goose with a thick neck and short beak.

The black goose is the smallest representative of the genus of geese.

The guillemot is thick-billed, or short-billed, is a seabird very similar in color to a penguin.

The common wheatear is not a nocturnal bird. He prefers to be active during the day.

Rockstone is a small snipe up to 23 cm long.

Moorhen, or water hen, is a small marsh hen that looks like a dove.

Marsh warbler is a small bird up to 13 cm long.

The aquatic warbler is a singing migratory bird.

Warbler is thrush - body length reaches 19 cm.

The garden warbler is a small bird up to 17 cm in length.

Reed warbler - small, belongs to the song species.

The warbler-badger is a small bird (up to 13 cm in length) of the genus True Warblers.

The Upland Buzzard, or Rough-legged Buzzard, is a large representative of the Hawk family. Body weight up to 1300 grams.

Common buzzard, or buzzard, is common throughout Europe. Prefers woodland.

The loaf is a bird of the ibis family. It nests in dense thickets next to other birds.

Heron - belongs to the heron family, although outwardly it is not very similar to them.

Nutcracker, or walnut, is a very unusual type. They even erected a monument to her in Tomsk.

White-winged crossbill - up to 16 cm long.

Spruce cross - has a powerful beak with intersecting tips.

Pine crossbill - live in coniferous and pine forests.

Klintukh is a close relative of the pigeon. An asocial individual that calms down and hides in the bushes when a person or large animals appear.

Klusha is a large gull that lives on the northern shores of Russia.

The eastern clux, or khalei, is taxonomically close to the clux.

Fawn is a small, predatory falcon.

Common Nightjar - active at nightfall. Refers to predators.

The red-throated horse is a small individual up to 15 cm in length.

Forest pipit - belongs to the wagtail family, slightly less than a sparrow.

Meadow pipit - prefers to nest in meadows and pastures.

Field horse - feed on insects that are collected on the ground.

Linnet - the bird feeds on hemp seeds, hence its nickname.

The yellow-headed kinglet is the smallest bird in Russia.

Crake, or dergach - belongs to the shepherd family. It lives in dense bushes and tall grasses.

The black kite is a predatory representative of the hawk family.

Wren, or nut, hazel - very mobile, sings loudly.

Dunl is a small snipe up to 20 cm in length.

The white-winged tern is insectivorous; it feeds not only near lakes, as many believe.

The barnacle tern is the most omnivorous of all terns.

The small tern is one of the smallest in the gull family.

The variegated tern is about 40 cm long, body weight is from 200 to 300 grams.

River Tern - feeds mainly by diving into the water and catching fish there.

Black tern - small tern up to 25 cm in length.

Gyrfalcon is a very hardy bird of prey.

Large Curlew - large snipe weighing up to 1 kg.

Curlew medium - medium snipe weighing up to 600 g.

Big merganser is the most widespread and largest of the merganser.

Merganser long-nosed, or medium - diving duck.

The mallard is one of the most common species in its family.

The deaf cuckoo is very similar in appearance and behavior to an ordinary cuckoo.

The common cuckoo is the most common and well-known species in its family.

Kuksha, or Ronzha - her nickname comes from the sound she makes.

Sandpiper-sparrow - belongs to the genus of sandpipers. It is one of the smallest representatives of the genus.

The oystercatcher is a large sandpiper with an orange beak and black wings.

The coastal swallow, or coastal swallow, is a migratory one. Lives throughout Europe and in most of the Russian Federation.

The urban swallow, or the funnel - like the rock dove, originally lived in rocky areas, but eventually adapted to urban conditions.

The village swallow, or killer whale, has a characteristic long fork-shaped tail.

The small swan, or tundra, is one of the subspecies of the American swan.

Whooper swan is considered the national symbol of the country in Finland.

The mute swan is one of the largest swans and, according to many experts, one of the most beautiful of its kind.

Moskovka is a small, energetic bird of the tit family.

The small flycatcher is a tiny bird of the flycatcher family. Weight does not exceed 11 g.

The gray flycatcher is the most social bird of the entire family.

Reed bunting, or reed bunting, lives in thickets near lakes.

Common oatmeal is predominantly a granivorous bird.

Garden oatmeal is a small bird of the genus real oatmeal.

Little oatmeal is a small individual with a body weight that does not exceed 15 g.

Remez oatmeal - has a variegated color, which allows it to be distinguished from its congeners in the genus.

Sheep - takes an intermediate link between ducks and geese.

The pink pelican is a huge water bird of the pelican family.

Green warbler - prefers to live in forest areas and near rivers.

White warbler is a tiny songbird, whose body weight does not exceed 7 g.

Willow warbler - like its relatives, prefers to live in parks, forests and gardens.

Warbler warbler, or warbler, is the smallest of the nesting warblers in the Moscow region.

Chiffchaff warbler - builds its nest in the form of a hut on the ground or in hemp.

Ratchet warbler - refers to the migratory species.

The carrier is a lark-sized migratory snipe.

Quail - Previously used as a prey, as a songbird and as an animal for fighting.

Green jib is a migratory species wintering in Africa.

The white-tailed sandpiper is a sparrow-sized snipe.

The Icelandic Sandpiper is a small snipe with a very short neck.

The gerbil is a snipe, one of the northernmost breeding birds.

Lesser White-fronted Goose is a small goose listed in the Red Book.

The common pike is a small specimen with a curved beak.

The round-nosed swimmer is a small marsh snipe.

Common nuthatch - lives in gardens, parks and forests.

The handguard is a snipe with long legs and a yellow beak.

Plover golden - lives preferably in swamps.

Grouse is a small pheasant, whose weight rarely exceeds 0.5 kg.

The big tit is found everywhere in the wild, but most often along the banks of water bodies and in open areas.

The long-tailed tit, or the long-tailed tit, is the most common species of the long-tailed tit.

The baleen tit is the only one in the genus and family of baleen tits.

The crested tit, or grenadier - the grenadier got its nickname thanks to its crest, which resembles a hat.

Xinga is a large duck weighing up to 1400 g.

Griffon vulture is a large predator of the hawk family.

Common starling - very much like blackbirds, but unlike them, it walks on the ground, and does not jump.

Pink Starling - Has a pink beak that is more powerful than normal starlings.

Slavka garden - a small bird with a body weight of up to 22 g.

Slavka gray - is the most melodious in its family.

Black-headed Slavka is a small bird with a body length of up to 15 cm.

Hawk-backed slava is one of the largest representatives of its kind.

Lesser Whitethroat, or miller, prefers to nest in the branches of coniferous trees.

The bullfinch is a small bird, slightly larger than a sparrow in size.

Bullfinch gray - unlike the usual bullfinch, the gray plumage does not have a red color.

The white owl, or polar owl, is a large bird. Oddly enough, females are much larger than males, both in weight and in size.

Marsh owl - in some countries it is under protection.

Long-eared owl - in the wild it lives up to 10 years, but at home it can live up to 40 years.

The hawk owl is the queen of the forests of Northern Eurasia.

Jay - is distinguished by its bright plumage, which, presumably, got its name "shine".

The common nightingale, or oriental, is one of the most famous bird singers.

Magpie - during molting, it sharply becomes asocial, hiding from people and large animals.

The black swift is the most common representative of its kind.

The house owl is a bird of prey that often settles in human homes.

Uplifted owl is a large owl with a pronounced facial disc.

The little owl is a very small owl.

Black grouse - settles on forest edges, along the edge of the forest, in the valleys of large rivers.

The white wagtail is a small representative of the wagtail family.

The yellow wagtail has a very long tail that constantly sways from side to side.

The yellow-headed wagtail, or the small yellow-headed wagtail, is a small bird up to 17 cm in length.

The hoopoe is a unique bird with a long beak and a characteristic mohawk.

The snail is large - a large snipe with a rather powerful beak.

The gray duck is one of the most common wild ducks.

Pheasant - in the wild, males live alone, in a domesticated form they are no different from roosters.

Eagle owl is a predatory owl listed in the Red Book.

The great white heron is a great heron with an s-shaped neck.

The gray heron is a long-legged and long-necked bird.

Black-headed seagull is a beautiful seagull with a white torso and a black head.

Hobby is a small predatory falcon.

Siskins - they are often kept in cages for their singing.

Fauna of Moscow

Moscow, like any large city, has its own fauna of birds, just as it has its own fauna of insects, fish, mammals, etc. Birds by species composition, the number of individual species and their distribution in urban habitats, of course, what is It is similar to the fauna of other European cities, which are similar in size to Moscow, but in some ways different, and this is the most important thing for us.

White-backed woodpecker

White-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos Bechst.). The bird is of medium size, slightly larger than the Great Spotted Woodpecker (body weight 105-112 g for males, 105-106 g for females).

Upper neck and upper back, wings, tail, stripes from the corners of the beak on the sides of the neck, partially limiting the white sides of the head ("cheeks"), black; neck-flanks, lower back, wide transverse stripes on the wings and outer tail feathers are white; the forehead is light cream; the bottom of the neck, chest, sides of the body are pinkish-white or yellowish-white, on the sides of the body there are black longitudinal streaks; bottom of belly, undertail red or pink.

Great Spotted Woodpecker

Large variegated woodpecker (Dendrocopos mayor). The bird is slightly larger than the starling (body weight 70-96 g for males, 70-97 g for females). The top of the head and neck, back, wings, upper tail, tail are black, the same color is the stripe from the beak to the back of the head, bounding the white cheeks; forehead, throat, chest, abdomen, spots on the shoulders, stripes on the wings and tail are white.

In some individuals, the outer tail pair is white with black stripes. The undertail is red, the male has a red transverse stripe on the back of the head, the entire top of the head is red in young birds. Voice - sharp "kick-kick" or loud screeching. In spring, birds emit a kind of "drum roll" by quick blows of their beaks against dry twigs and tops of trees.

Green woodpecker

Green woodpecker (Picus viridis), a bird the size of a jackdaw (body weight 186 - 250 g). His back is bright green, the upper tail is golden yellow, the wings and tail are light brown with light gray transverse stripes, the forehead and “mustache” (stripes from the beak to the neck) are black (in males with red strokes), the top of the head and neck bright red, chest, belly greenish off-white; voice - shout "Peck-peck-peck".

It is a rare nomadic, partially sedentary species. It inhabits mainly deciduous and mixed forests, less often suburban forest parks, preferring light areas of forests near edges and clearings.

Lesser spotted woodpecker

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (DeBdro-copos minor). The smallest of the woodpeckers, the size of a sparrow (body weight 21-25 g). The top of the neck, front of the back, wings, tail are black; forehead, cheeks, lower back, transverse stripes on wings and on lateral tail feathers, underparts are white. The top of the head is red in the male, black in the female; voice - a loud continuous "ki-ki-ki-ki-ki".

It is a rare, in places common sedentary, partially nomadic species of mainly floodplain (willow, aspen or alder) forests. Less common in light deciduous and mixed moist forests on watersheds. In breeding time, this woodpecker is hardly noticeable.

Hoodie

The gray crow is a well-known medium-sized bird (body weight 360-610 g) with a contrasting color. The head, throat, goiter, wings and tail are black with a metallic sheen, the back and belly are dirty gray, the legs and beak are black. The calm flight is heavy, with uniform flaps of wide wings.

In autumn and winter, crows often flock in flocks upstreams air, single and group games in the air are common, when birds make sharp turns, falls and takeoffs.

Reports REPORTS

Large Raptors of the Ivanovo District

LARGE FEATHERED PREDATORS OF THE IVANOVO REGION

Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo, Russia)

V.N. Melnikov (Ivanovsky state University, Ivanovo, Russia)

Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, 153004, Russia, Ivanovo, Lenin Ave., 136 [email protected]

Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, Lenina av., 136, Ivanovo, Russia, 153004 [email protected]

Modern data on 10 species of rare large birds of prey in Ivanovo region are presented. An increase in nesting numbers was noted in the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (number of 20-25 pairs), snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), great spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) (up to 20 pairs), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs) and Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). A decrease in numbers (from 10-15 pairs) is expected in the owl (Bubo bubo) after the 2010 fires. For the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos), single breeding pairs are known. Regular sightings during the nesting period were recorded for the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Single dwarf eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) with no signs of nesting are occasionally seen.

Key words: Ivanovo region, birds of prey, birds of prey, status. Received: 06.10.2013 Accepted: 10.11.2013

The article presents the current data on 10 species of rare large raptors of the Ivanovo district. Increase the number of breeding pairs is observed for the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (20-25 pairs), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (about 20 pairs), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs), Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). Decline (from 10-15 pairs) expected for the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) after fires in 2010. For the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) are known single breeding pairs ... Regular meetings in the nesting period are marked for the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Occasionally single Booted Eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are observed. Keywords: Ivanovo, birds of prey, raptors, population status. Received: 06/10/2013. Accepted: 10/11/2013.

Introduction

The territory of the Ivanovo region is located in the center of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, on the border of the subzones of the southern taiga and mixed forests. The central part of the region is agricultural, however, significant areas of farmland have been taken out of economic use, and the fields are at different stages of overgrowth. Forestry is more developed in the northern and southern outskirts of the region. The southeastern part (Balakhninskaya lowland) in 2010 was subjected to a significant pyrogenic impact during catastrophic wildfires. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network; the Gorky reservoir is located on the northern and eastern borders. Thus, the territory of the Ivanovo region is highly mosaic, the peripheral areas experience a moderate anthropogenic impact - all this together determines the conditions for the habitation of rare bird species, including large feathered predators.

Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). There has been an increase in the number of the species along the coasts of the Gorky water reservoir, the Klyaz "ma river and its tributaries; new habitats are appearing, with the total of 20-25 breeding pairs observed in the area.

Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus).

The number has slightly increased, reaching 5-7 pairs. The main habitat is Balakhnins-kaya depression.

Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus).

Single birds are occasionally observed with no signs of nesting.

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clan-ga). A slight increase in the number of the species is currently observed in the flood basin of the Kliazma and the Luh rivers. Up to 20 pairs are nesting in the region.

Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina).

The nesting of 3-5 pairs is currently known

The directed study of birds of prey in the region has been conducted since the 80s. XX century During this time, a wealth of material has been accumulated on the population, abundance and its dynamics, distribution, features of the ecology of birds of prey, significant territories have been surveyed, more than 40 key bird areas (KOTR) have been identified, 7 of which are of international importance (Melnikov et al., 2013). Monitoring studies are being conducted at the most significant IBRAs. The current state of large birds of prey on the territory of the Ivanovo region is described in the form of the specific sketches given below.

results

Osprey (Pаndion haliaetus) is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. Very rare breeding species. Osprey nesting has been known in the Ivanovo Region since the early 90s. XX century

In the survey "Birds of the Ivanovo Region" (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), the osprey is positioned as a rare migratory and very rare breeding species. Since 1991, a nest has been known in the Sokolsky District (now the Nizhny Novgorod Region); in total, at least 3 pairs were supposed to nest in the Sokolsky District by 2000, nesting in other areas was considered unlikely.

Our research in the 90s. supplement these data with finds of new osprey habitats (Melnikov, Barinov, Roma-

Figure: 1. Distribution of the Ospreys (Pandion haliaetusj in the Ivanovo district.

Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj Photo by V. Melnikov.

Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj.

Photo by V. Melnikov.

in the region. The habitation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in the Ivanovo district is the easternmost of all the known for the species.

Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos).

Single pairs are known to inhabit the Ivanovo district in the valley of the Luh river, at the Gorky water reservoir. The territorial pair was observed in the Bal-akhninskaya depression. However, the pair is it not reported to be seen after the fires in 2010.

White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albi-cilla). The number of the species is gradually recovered with these birds observed on the Gorky water reservoir and its spurs, on the Kliazma and the Luh rivers as well as on Morkushskiy and Uvod "sky Dams - 5-7 pairs of eagles in total.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus).

Regular encounters of the species during the breeding period suggest nesting of a few individual pairs.

Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). The number of the species in the Ivanovo district was estimated as 10-15 pairs in total. Five breeding areas were identified in Balakhninkaya depression, however the species is not observed after the fire in 2010.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). The

number of the species has slightly increased accounting for the total of 50 pairs of the species in the area.

nova, 2000). In the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga Osprey has been observed annually since 1990, since 1999 2 pairs have been recorded, and broods have been observed many times. Also, 2 pairs of ospreys were observed on the Nemdinsky spur of the Gorkovsky Reservoir., An osprey was noted on the Markushsky Reservoir, Lake. Podozerskoe, on the river. Klyazma within the Klyazminsky reserve. By the end of the XX century. we estimated the number of osprey in the modern territory of the region up to 10 pairs.

In the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (Krasnaya kniga ..., 2007), we indicate the new habitats of the osprey discovered by that time - Uvodsky Reservoir, r. Luh (on 2 sites), Andronikhovskaya floodplain of the Gorkovsky Reservoir, Balakhninskaya lowland.

In the collection “Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials for maintaining the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region ”(Melnikov, 2012), in addition to the above, we provide new habitats: the lower reaches of the river. Yolanat, the coast of the channel part of the Gorky Reservoir. - within the Ivanovo region

Figure: 2. Distribution of the Snake Eagle (Circaetus gallicusj in the Ivanovo district. Fig. 2. Distribution of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicusj in the Ivanovo district.

Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj. Photo by A. Levashkin.

6-7 pairs. An increase in numbers is observed in the lower reaches of the Zhelvaty and Nodogi rivers (5-6 pairs), in the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (2-3 pairs), in the Klyazminsky reserve (2 pairs).

Thus, the current estimate of the osprey population in the Ivanovo region is 20-25 breeding pairs. With a tolerant attitude of humans towards birds of prey, a further increase in the number of this rare species is possible. However, the active development of the shores of reservoirs suitable for habitat, which has begun, may become a factor limiting its distribution.

The snake eagle (Circaetus gaШcus) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. Buslaev S.V. in the 80s. observed a snake-eagle during the nesting period in the Kineshsky district on the bank of the river. Zhelvat and in the Klyazminsky nature reserve (Gersimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). At the turn of the century, we observed the snake-eater in the same territories (Melnikov, Barinov Romanova, 2000). In the last decade, the records of the serpentine in the interfluve of the Zhelvaty and Nodogi rivers, as well as in the Klyazminsky reserve were quite regular (our data; Slashchinina, 2012).

On the territory of the northern part of the Balakhna lowland, snake eagles are observed annually; here, within the Ivanovo region, 4 regularly occupied nesting territories were identified, and in the adjacent territories of the Nizhgorod and Vladimir regions, 2 more pairs (Baka, Kiseleva, 2001; Voloshina 2005). After the catastrophic fires of 2010, the abundance of the snake eagle at the station remains the same, but there is some displacement of the nesting sites, which are located on the periphery of the cleared burns (Shmeleva, 2013). Registrations of the snake eagle during the nesting period are also known in the middle reaches of the river. Lukh and in the vicinity of Lake Rubskoye (Chudnenko et al., 2012).

Thus, the number of snake eater

Figure: 3. Encounters of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo region. Fig. 3. Distribution of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo district.

Figure: 4. Distribution of a large polorlik (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 4. Distribution of the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo district.

Figure: 5. Distribution of small polorlik (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 5. Distribution of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo district.

on the territory of the Ivanovo region has slightly increased and reaches 5-7 pairs. The key habitat is the Balakhna lowland and the adjacent valleys of the Klyazma and Lukh rivers.

The dwarf eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) is a very rare, possibly nesting species. It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). Solitary birds with no signs of nesting are occasionally observed. In particular, sightings of a dwarf during the nesting period are known on the territory of the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (the coast of the Gorky Reservoir), the Balakhninskaya lowland, the Klyazminsky reserve (S.V. Romanova, personal communication; Slashchinina, 2012), the village of Shumilovo, Teikovsky district (V. T. But'ev, personal communication).

Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) -

very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species.

In the Ivanovo region, it is known about the breeding of great spotted eagles in the 40-50s in the northwestern part of the Volga and Komsomolsky districts (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Within the region, Greater Spotted Eagles are observed nesting in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. Luh, in the floodplain of the Klyazma, in the swampy forests on the border of the Gavrilovo-Posad region and the Yuryev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region, in the Komsomolsk district, in the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (Gorkovskoe reservoir). The complex of floodplain landscapes of the r. The Klyazma and its tributaries are one of the most important nuclei of this species in Europe. In particular, in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. Lukh is known for 6 nesting territories, in the Klyazma floodplain within the Ivanovo region - 4-5 nesting territories, a nesting site regularly occupied by spotted eagles is also known in the interfluve of Klyazma and Lukh. In total, 8-12 pairs of great spotted eagles nest in the Klyazminsko-Lukhskaya group annually, and up to 20 pairs throughout the region.

Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomлrinл) -

very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. IN

Figure: 6. Distribution of the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaеtosJ in the Ivanovo region. Fig. 6. Distribution of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtosJ in the Ivanovo district.

Figure: 7. Distribution of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 7. Distribution of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo district.

Figure: 8. Meetings of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 8. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo district.

On the territory of the region, nesting of 3-5 pairs is known. In particular, nesting of 2-3 pairs is known in the Klyazminsky nature reserve (Melnikov, 2004; Slashchinina, 2012); during the nesting period, lesser spotted eagles were noted in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Shadrino (middle course of the Lukh River), in the north of the Gavrilovo-Posad district, in the Volga district (Kalinin A.A., personal communication). A single successful nesting of the lesser spotted eagle was noted in the vicinity of Ivanovo, in a forest belt near the fields of the IGSKhA educational farm in 2007 (Melnikov, 2012). The settlements of lesser spotted eagles in the Ivanovo region are the most eastern ones identified at the moment. At the same time, hybridization of the species with the great spotted eagle is known (Melnikov et al., 2008).

Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species.

Single pairs live on the territory of the Ivanovo region - territorial birds were noted in the valley of the river. Lukh, a couple with a chick - at the Gorky Reservoir. The territorial pair, which was observed in the Balakhninskaya lowland for a number of years, has not been recorded after the 2010 fires (Shmeleva, 2013).

White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus

albicilla) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. In the Ivanovo region, it is now regularly observed on the Gorky reservoir and its spurs - in the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga, Zhelvata, Nemda, and was also noted during the nesting period at the Morkushsky reservoir, on the river. Luh, r. Klyazma, in the Balakhninskaya lowland, on the Uvodsky reservoir. In 2012, a residential nest was found in the western part of the Klyazminsky nature reserve, on the border with the Vladimir region. Since 2010, the living nest of the eagle on the river. Klyazma in the area of \u200b\u200bthe pier them. February 8 watching D. Malakhov

Figure: 9. Distribution of the Eagle Owl (Bubo buboj in the Ivanovo district.

Figure: 10. Identified nesting sites of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo region.

Fig. 10. Distribution of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo district.

(private message). In 2013 r. here we have repeatedly observed a pair of adult eagles carrying food towards the nest. In total, at least 5-7 pairs of eagles nest in the region.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a very rare, possibly nesting species. It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). In the Ivanovo region at the beginning of the XX century. peregrine falcon nested in the center of r. Ivanovo, on the old bell tower, until the birds were shot at the numerous requests of pigeon breeders (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Until the mid 50s. last century sapa

we nested in the town of Gavrilov Posad (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). At present, migratory birds are occasionally recorded, including in the cities of Ivanovo, Shuya. A wounded peregrine falcon was found in the Teikovsky district and taken to the Ivanovsky zoo (Melnikov et al., 2000). During the nesting period, the peregrine falcon was recorded on the territory of the Klyazminsky reserve, in the valley of the river. Lukh, on the Gorkovskoe reservoir, at the peat extraction sites of the Teykovsky and Pestyakovsky regions (Krasnaya kniga of the Ivanovo region, 2007), in the Andronikhovskaya floodplain (Gorkovskoe reservoir), at the peat mining Big Boloto Regular meetings during the nesting period suggest nesting of single pairs.

Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Data Book - category 1 - endangered species. Very rare occurrences in the central part of the region (v. Tserkovnovo), was recorded in the north of the region - at the village. Reshma, in the Zavolzhsky region near the village of Posulovo, in the valley of the river. Nodoga (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Marital vocalization was observed in the middle reaches of the river. Luh. There is unverified data on the sightings of the owl in the west of the region, in the vicinity of the Markush reservoir.

The most significant habitat of the eagle owl in the Ivanovo region is the Balakhninskaya lowland. Five nesting territories were identified here, mating vocalizations were recorded annually, broods, the remains of prey, and a flutter were repeatedly noted. But after the 2010 fires, the species does not occur there (Shmeleva, 2013). In total, 10-15 pairs are expected to nest on the territory of the Ivanovo region, probably, the number has decreased in recent years.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa)

It is included in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region with category 3 - a species with a low abundance and sporadic distribution over large territories. A rare breeding species. On the territory of the Ivanovo region, during the nesting period, it was recorded in the Zavolzhsky region (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), near the village of Degtyarevo, in the Klyazminsky reserve. Nesting was observed in Za-

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.

Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.

teikha nature reserve (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), in the middle reaches (M.V. Sheptukhovsky, personal communication) and the lower reaches of the Teza (Melnikov et al., 2005), in the Balakhninskaya lowland (Melnikov et al., 2009). In August 2013, a brood of a Great Gray Owl (2 chicks) was photographed with a camera trap at a feeding ground for elk in the Lobtsovsky protection area, Leninskaya Dacha tract, Gavrilovo-Posad district "2.

The number has slightly increased, the total number of the species in the region is estimated at 50 pairs. Unfortunately, in the Red Data Book of Ivanovo Oblast (2007), as a result of a technical error, the “abundance” section in the essay for the Great Owl was coined from a different species, therefore the population density and total abundance of the species in the region indicated there is overstated by an order of magnitude.

A site in the Balakhna lowland near the lake. Tonki, on which the nest was located, which has been known for a number of years, was burned by a fire in 2010 and was cut down in 2012. After the fires, the Great Gray Owl was not observed in this area (Shmeleva, 2013).

Literature

Bakka S. V., Kiseleva N. Yu. Key ornithological territories of the Nizhny Novgorod region. - Inventory, monitoring and protection of key ornithological territories in Russia. Issue 3.M., 2001.S. 98-110.

Voloshina O.N. Observations of the snake-eater in the Vladimir region. - Ornithology. Issue 32. M., 2005.S. 117-119.

Gerasimov Yu.N., Salnikov G.M., Buslaev S.V. Birds of the Ivanovo region. M., 2000.125 p.

Red Data Book of the Ivanovo Region. Volume 1. Animals / Ed. Isaev V.A .; comp .: Egorov S.V., Tikhomirov A.M., Barinov S.N., Lazareva O.G. et al. Ivanovo: IPK "PressSto", 2007. 236 p.

V.N. Melnikov New habitats of birds listed in the Red Book of the Ivanovo region. - Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials for maintaining the Red Book of the Ivanovo region. Ivanovo, 2012.S. 69-70.

Melnikov V.N., Barinov S.N., Romanova S.V. Rare species of birds of prey in Ivanovo region

sti. - Materials of the working meeting "Rare species of birds of prey in the north of the forest zone of the European part of Russia: perspectives of study and ways of protection." Cherepovets, September 11-14, 2000. Cherepovets, 2000.S. 17-19.

Melnikov V.N., Buslaev S.V., Chulnenko D.E., Kiselev R.Yu. Notes on the population of owls in the Ivanovo region. - Owls of Northern Eurasia. M., 2005.S. 155-158.

Melnikov V.N., Dmigrenok M.A., Ivanov M.N., Kiselev R.Yu., Kiseleva S.V., Dombrovsky V.Ch. Results of the 2005 expedition to study spotted eagles of the European Center of Russia. - Study and protection of the Greater and Lesser Spotted Eagles in Northern Eurasia. Proceedings of the V International Conference on Birds of Prey of Northern Eurasia. Ivanovo, February 4-7, 2008 Ivanovo, 2008.S. 191-194.

Melnikov V.N., Novikov S.V., Kiselev R.Yu., Chulnenko D.E. On the ecology of owls in the Ivanovo region. - Owls of Northern Eurasia: ecology, spatial and biotopic distribution. M., 2009.S. 185-187.

Melnikov V.N., Chulnenko D.E., Shmeleva G.P., Kiselev R.Yu., Kiseleva S.V., Esergepov A.A., Slashinina Ya.A. Monitoring of avifauna of key bird areas in the Ivanovo region. - Bird protection in Russia: problems and prospects. Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Union for the Conservation of Birds of Russia (Moscow, February 7-8, 2013) M., 2013. P. 170-174.

Slashinina Ya.A. Monitoring of falconifers on the territory of the Klyazminsky republican reserve (Ivanovo region). - Predator birds in the dynamic environment of the third millennium: state and prospects. Proceedings VI International conference on falcon and owls of Northern Eurasia. Kryvyi Rih, September 27-30, 2012 Kryvyi Rih, 2012.S. 234-237.

Chulnenko D.E., Melnikov V.N., Lazareva O.G., Shmeleva G.P., Grilneva V.V., Kiseleva S.V. Characteristics of the avifauna in the vicinity of Lake Rubskoye (Teikovsky district Ivanovo region). - Actual problems of studying and preserving the biodiversity of the Upper Volga region. Interregional scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Department of General Biology and Botany of the Botanical Garden of Ivanovo State University. Ivanovo, 2012.S. 90-99.

Shmeleva G.P. Influence of the pyrogenic factor on the fauna and bird population of the Balakhna lowland. - Bird protection in Russia: problems and prospects. Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Russian Bird Conservation Union (Moscow, February 7-8, 2013). M., 2013.S. 253-259.

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