Industrial installation. Photos: Industrial plant. Types of industrial plants

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In Kazakhstan there is an established delivery system to the following cities: Astana, Almaty, Ekibastuz, Pavlodar, Aktobe, Karaganda, Uralsk, Aktau, Atyrau, Arkalyk, Balkhash, Zhezkazgan, Kokshetau, Kostanay, Taraz, Shymkent, Kyzylorda, Lisakovsk, Shakhtin Rider, Rudny, Semey, Taldykorgan, Temirtau, Ust-Kamenogorsk and other cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The manufacturer TM "Infrakar" is a manufacturer of multifunctional devices such as a gas analyzer and opacimeter.

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LLC "Zapadpribor" is a huge choice measuring equipment for the best ratio of price and quality. So that you can buy devices inexpensively, we monitor the prices of competitors and are always ready to offer more low price... We only sell quality products at the best prices. On our website you can buy cheaply both the latest novelties and time-tested devices from the best manufacturers.

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LLC "Zapadpribor" is an official dealer of manufacturers of measuring equipment. Our goal is to sell high quality products with the best price proposals and service for our clients. Our company can not only sell the device you need, but also offer additional services for its verification, repair and installation. So that you have a pleasant experience after buying on our website, we have provided special guaranteed gifts for the most popular products.

The META plant is a manufacturer of the most reliable devices for technical inspection. The STM brake tester is manufactured at this plant.

If you can repair the device yourself, then our engineers can provide you with a full set of necessary technical documentation: electrical circuit, TO, RE, FO, PS. We also have an extensive database of technical and metrological documents: technical conditions (TU), technical task (TZ), GOST, industry standard (OST), verification procedure, certification procedure, verification scheme for more than 3500 types of measuring equipment from the manufacturer of this equipment. From the site you can download all the necessary software (program, driver) necessary for the operation of the purchased device.

We also have a library regulatory documentsrelated to our field of activity: law, code, decree, decree, temporary regulation.

At the request of the customer, verification or metrological certification is provided for each measuring device. Our employees can represent your interests in such metrological organizations as Rostest (Rosstandart), Gosstandart, Gospotrebstandart, TsLIT, OGMetr.

Sometimes clients may enter the name of our company incorrectly - for example, zapadprylad, zapadprylad, zapadpribor, zapadprylad, zakhidpribor, zakhidpribor, zakhidpribor, zakhidprylad, zakhidpribor, zakhidprylad, zakhidprylad. That's right - zapadpribor.

LLC "Zapadpribor" is a supplier of ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, frequency meters, phase meters, shunts and other instruments of such measuring equipment manufacturers as: PO "Electrotochpribor" (М2044, М2051), Omsk; OJSC "Instrument-making plant" Vibrator "(М1611, Ц1611), St. Petersburg; OJSC Krasnodarskiy ZIP (E365, E377, E378), OOO ZIP-Partner (Ts301, Ts302, Ts300) and OOO ZIP Yurimov (M381, Ts33), Krasnodar; JSC "VZEP" ("Vitebsk plant of electrical measuring instruments") (E8030, E8021), Vitebsk; Electropribor OJSC (М42300, М42301, М42303, М42304, М42305, М42306), Cheboksary; Electroizmeritel OJSC (Ts4342, Ts4352, Ts4353) Zhitomir; PJSC "Uman plant" Megommeter "(Ф4102, Ф4103, Ф4104, М4100), Uman.

Today, many industrial enterprises supply reverse osmosis to an industrial plant. The method is based on a natural phenomenon. It refers to the membrane method for removing impurities. The reverse osmosis method is able to completely solve the problems of cleaning in many areas of human life. An example is an industrial reverse osmosis water filtration system for boilers, various technologies, food applications and the removal of salts in seawater. Industrial systems are sometimes referred to as membrane water desalination plants. During processing, the liquid is completely desalted by the reverse osmosis method.

Membrane use

Reverse osmosis systems use a membrane with a porous structure. It is made from a thin film of a composite material with many pores. Their space should only allow water molecules to pass through, and retain impurities. Typically, industrial plants use a pore diameter of 0.0001 microns. In order to start the cleaning process, it is necessary to provide osmotic pressure - the force of water supply to the membrane surface, so that water molecules can pass through the pores. Water purification rate is directly proportional to osmotic pressure, water temperature range and salt concentration. So in low-pressure osmosis they provide pressure from 6 atm, and in high-pressure osmosis - from 15 atm. Strongly salty water, for example sea water, requires a working osmotic pressure of 45 to 80 atm.

In a reverse osmosis system, water is divided into two streams:

permeate or filtrate - filtered water;
brine or concentrate - water that goes to drainage systems or is additionally processed.

Industrial systems application

Industrial installations are selected based on the working conditions. Additionally, the performance of the system is taken into account in order to ensure the purification of this volume of supplied water. It is better to use the advice of specialists on an individual basis.

Pay attention to the number of membranes, pump performance, degree of control, instrumentation and other necessary design parameters. The main task is to obtain the required permeate and its constant production for a specific type of object.

The complex takes into account the initial and required water composition. For example, the water of the chemical industry is preliminarily subjected to mechanical and ionic purification, and the agricultural water - mechanical filtration, aerobic oxidation and water softening.

The unit is mounted on a wall or in a dustproof cabinet. Additionally, they can install a UV disinfector and containers for collecting water.

Reverse osmosis unit

Two-stage reverse osmosis filters are important in the industry. The liquid to be cleaned is fed to the first membrane. Then the filtrate is sent to the second membrane unit. The outlet water is completely desalinated or deeply desalinated. It is used in the electronics and chemical industries at some stages.

When developing a reverse osmosis treatment plant for industrial purposes, the following rules are followed:

priority water treatment and the design of the reverse osmosis system is established for a specific chemical composition of water, requirements for treated water and working conditions;
a reverse osmosis water purification system must fully cover the needs of production;
all materials and components must have a certificate for use in the food industry;
make the most of energy-saving technologies;
automatic control should be carried out according to three criteria: time cyclogram, volume of purified water, manual control;
during operation, pressure, water temperature, operating time, salt composition, pH value and other parameters should be controlled;
provide for the regulation of the concentration of trace elements in the filtered water, as well as blocking in case of malfunctions or water quality;
the passport value of productivity should be throughout the entire service life at any temperature;
in technical operation installation and start-up of the system, its maintenance as a whole and individual parts should be described in detail.

The reverse osmosis plant is based on a supporting frame. She not only influences appearance system, but also necessary to ensure rigidity and strength. Correct system layout will facilitate installation, use and maintenance of all equipment. Usually the frame can be adjusted in height and moved on wheels.

A centrifugal pump with several stages, a solenoid valve, a pressure switch and a check valve for flushing the membrane are installed on the frame. A rotameter, a pressure gauge, a control cabinet and an adjustable valve are mounted in front of the frame.

A mechanical filter, a solenoid valve, a protection relay and a check valve are installed on the supply water pipeline in the following sequence.

At the water outlet, the pipeline is equipped with a safety valve and a conductometer.

Reverse osmosis plants for industrial use are fully equipped and installed directly into the water supply system.

Types of industrial plants

There are 3 design options. The construction of the membrane group depends on the ratio of the obtained water to the concentrate.

The first type includes low-performance installations - up to 5 cubic meters per hour. All diaphragm elements in this form are mounted in one pressure casing. This is how maximum simplicity and low cost are achieved. With one membrane, the installation is made vertical, with several - horizontal.

The second type consists of systems of average performance. All diaphragm elements are distributed in two parallel housings. The complexity of the system is justified by the large yield. It can purify sea water. The installations are arranged horizontally with an even number of cases.

The most difficult type is the third, which has great performance. It differs by feeding the concentrate to additional membranes in order to ensure the maximum permissible output of filtered water (up to 75%), energy saving, emissions into the sewage system and the cost of the produced water. Additional membranes carry a greater load, since the concentrate contains more impurities. To ensure uniform operation, additional membranes are cleaned or regenerated. This group has sophisticated controls and hardware.

How industrial osmosis works

The removal of salts from the water takes place thanks to the principle of reverse osmosis. Salt water is pumped through a semi-permeable thin membrane under a certain pressure. It is necessary for the passage of water molecules and the retention of salt ions and trace elements.

The performance of the diaphragm system is not equal to that of the pump, but much lower. It is influenced by temperature and concentration of impurities.

Advantages of an industrial reverse osmosis plant

If complex technologies or expensive equipment are used in production, then the reverse osmosis method is quite relevant.

As mentioned above, the system can be supplemented with a UV lamp, mineralizer and other necessary devices.

The liquid is 99% purified and will not harm any the human bodynor complex production.

Disadvantages of the reverse osmosis system

The installation is powerless against the gaseous form of chlorine and some organic matter. Thanks to smaller molecules, herbicides, chlorine and other substances freely pass through the pores of the membrane.

Today, the question is raised about the dangers of using demineralized water for food.

At the outlet, the permeant volume is only one third of the total volume of the supplied liquid.

Modern industrial production, regardless of the industry, is characterized by a high degree of unification, mechanization and automation.

Industrial plants can be classified in different ways:

by industry - chemical, energy, metallurgical, etc.,
by importance - main and auxiliary, by organization production process –Continuous or periodic action,
by scope - universal and specialized,
by type of process - mechanical, hydromechanical, thermal, chemical, mass transfer,
by the level of automation - automatic machines, semiautomatic devices and self-adjusting installations.

A significant part of industrial installations can be considered universal, that is, applicable in most industries, regardless of the industry. These include refrigeration, pumping, heating, lifting units. Most technological processes in a wide variety of industries are associated with heating, cooling and transfer of mass and heat over a distance.

For highly specialized industries, for example, in the chemical industry, specialized equipment is used - aerators, crucibles, centrifuges, plasmatrons, scrubbers, in metallurgy - installations for induction heating, etc.

Industrial ventilation unit - an example of an organization.

Any technological process requires energy, therefore any industrial installation is supplied with an energy unit - electric, solid or liquid fuel. In addition, it is necessary to supply raw materials and materials to the operating installation and take the finished product, therefore, any installation requires a transport module for loading operations. This can be a piping system if the unit is handling liquids or gases, a conveyor or a loader (for solids).

In some cases, industrial installations are performed in mobile version, for example, based on a truck or an all-terrain vehicle (as an example -).

An indispensable component of any industrial installation is a security system that protects equipment from breakdowns and accidents (sensors, meters, fire extinguishing system), and service personnel from injuries (railings, fences). Maintenance and repair of these ancillary systems often takes more time and resources than maintenance of the main unit. In hazardous industries and installations of a continuous cycle, all auxiliary systems are duplicated.

Thus, we can say that an industrial plant is an automated complex consisting of a set of specialized units that provide industrial production in a given volume.

The main requirements for industrial plants are reliability, durability, efficiency, ease of use and safety.

Automated industrial plants are actively used in the chemical industry.

During the operation of the equipment, it is exposed to many factors - pressure, temperature, corrosion and mechanical stress, and the range of these factors can be very large. To prevent possible breakdowns and to avoid production stoppages for industrial installations, the terms of routine inspection, maintenance and repair are set.

Industrial plant automation

Modern software tools allow you to automate even very complex production processes.

Automatic installations do not require human intervention. They control parameters technological process and stop the process if the parameters are out of range.

Self-adjusting installations are a more intelligent type of machines that allows you to take into account changing conditions and adjust the system in accordance with the situation.

Sets of sensors and controllers can monitor all parameters of the unit operation - temperature, pressure, chemical composition, state of units and much more. The range of monitoring equipment is constantly being improved and becoming more compact.

Controllers are produced in many countries of the world, by a variety of manufacturers, so their prices are low.

For the convenience of work, many software products provide visualization (even volumetric) of the processes taking place in the installation. Such visualization allows the operator to remotely monitor the situation and quickly respond to changes.

Industrial air purification plants

Such cleaning is carried out using special devices that collect dust, located at production sites. According to the established legislation, dust concentration corresponds to no more than 0.15 mg / m3. In institutions related to the manufacture of medicines, the content of toxic impurities should not exceed 3 mg / m3. Also carry out deodorization of harmful substances.

Dust in industrial premises occurs during the manufacturing process of a product. If aluminum is manufactured or smelted, then a coke mass is formed, the particles of which fly in the air. There are an infinite number of such industries. People who are in rooms without adequate ventilation and air purification get severe poisoning.

Dust neutralization equipment

Removal is mainly due to coarse and fine filters made on a fiber basis, as well as carbon filters. It all depends on the harmfulness of the plant. Each workplace must be equipped with ventilation, through which dust from the technological process is directed through air ducts to non-filtration type devices:

cyclone;
dust settling chambers;
rotary chambers.

Devices of this type have a storage for dust, which is removed to specially designated places after filling it. Replacement of fibrous and carbon filters takes place according to the established rules of the plant and the recommendations of the manufacturers. All products for this process have an internal device designed to remove different types dust.

Industrial waste incinerators

We are talking about incinerators. Every day people generate a certain amount of waste, which accumulates every day. The data is no longer suitable to be used again, therefore, MSW (solid household waste) must be disposed of. For this purpose, different methods are used, but one of the most beneficial is precisely.

It is believed that this method of disposing of unnecessary waste can reduce the initial volume by three times, as well as rid the population of harmful properties, namely from: toxic liquids, unpleasant odors and protect animals, since their appearance attracts attention and puts their lives in danger.

Previously, this method was used only for production volumes of solid waste disposal, but then special furnaces were made that allow you to get rid of garbage in a household way.

Incinerators and their benefits

An environmentally friendly way to dispose of unnecessary solid waste;
Efficiency. Productivity indicator this method much higher than others;
Speed. With incinerators, disposal is quick and environmentally friendly.

What groups are incinerators divided into?

All incinerators are divided into three groups:

Industrial - the purpose of which is aimed at the disposal of industrial waste, for example, medical waste, greenhouse, livestock, combustible and others;
Household - intended for the disposal of household waste. Such incinerators are small in size, and in appearance resemble the most common oven. These incinerators are very convenient in offices and small medical offices;
Summer cottages - destroy garbage in garden and private areas.

What does an industrial waste incineration plant consist of and how does it work?

An all-metal construction for waste incineration, which contains 4 units, each with its own task.

The first unit is engaged in the destruction of solid waste. It looks like a cylindrical chamber, in which there are 2 compartments separated by a grid, and hollow pipes located along the entire length of the chamber and responsible for air supply. In one half, incineration takes place, in the other, garbage is loaded, which, during the combustion of some waste, dries up. In addition, 80% of the constituent organic substances evaporate, which pollute the atmosphere, and then an independent combustion occurs. Due to this, combustion occurs constantly during the operation of the device, which leads to the complete combustion of garbage.
The second unit consists of a column that is engaged in the neutralization of evolved gases. This happens due to thermochemical reactions, namely when air enters the column. A large amount of harmful gases and the smallest particulate matter in the air is neutralized.
The third unit is responsible for the separation of waste gases using a smoke exhauster. As a result, settled solid particles of soot are formed, which are pure carbon (you can quite call it fertilizer).
The last fourth node is the catalyst. In this part of the incinerator, redox reactions of gases passing through it take place. As a result, purified air is formed, which is released into the atmosphere.

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