Social Institute. Social organization. The concept of the social institution. Elements of the Social Institute (Value, Roles, Norms) 325 Element of the Social Institute are not

One of the factors characterizing society as a whole is a set of social institutions. Their location is like on the surface, which makes them particularly successful objects for observation and control.

In turn, a complex organized system with its norms and rules is a social institution. Signs are different, but classified, and it is they are subject to consideration in this article.

The concept of social institution

The Social Institute is one of the forms of the Organization for the first time this concept was applied according to the scientist, all the diversity of social institutions creates the so-called framework of society. Separation on forms, Spencer spoke, is made under the influence of the differentiation of society. All society he divided into three main institutes, including:

reproductive;
distribution;
regulating.

Opinion E. Durkheima

E. Durkheim was convinced that a person as a person can realize himself only with the help of social institutions. They are designed to establish responsibility between the mixture of society and the needs of society.

Karl Marx

The author of the famous "Capital" assessed social institutions from the point of view of production relations. In his opinion, the Social Institute, the signs of which are present in the division of labor, and in the phenomenon of private property, was formed precisely under their influence.

Terminology

The term "social institution" occurred from the Latin word "institution", which means "organization" or "order". To this definition, in principle, all the features of the Social Institute are reduced.

The definition includes the form of consolidation and form of carrying out specialized activities. The purpose of social institutions is to ensure the stability of the functioning of communications within society.

This is also acceptable such a brief definition of the term: organized and consistent form public relationstargeted to meet the needs of society.

It is easy to see that all of the depreciation provided (including the above-mentioned opinions of scientists) are based on "three whales":

society;
organization;
needs.

But this is not the full features of the Social Institute, rather, the supporting points that should be considered.

Terms of institutionalization

The process of institutionalization is a social institution. It occurs under the following conditions:

social need for a factor that will satisfy the future institution;
social ties, that is, the interaction of people and communities, as a result of which social institutions are formed;
expedient and rules;
material and organizational, labor and financial necessary resources.

Stages of institutionalization

The process of the formation of the social institution passes some steps:

the emergence and awareness of the needs of the Institute;
development of public behavior in the future institution;
creating a symbolism, that is, signs of signs that will indicate the created Social Institute;
formation, development and determination of the role system and status;
creating the material basis of the Institute;
integrating the Institute in the already existing social system.

Structural signs of the Social Institute

Signs of the concept of "Social Institute" characterize it in modern society.

Structural features covered:

The scope of activity, as well as social relations.
Institutions that have certain powers in order to organize people's activities, as well as perform various roles and functions. For example: Public, organizational and performing control and management functions.
Those specific rules and norms that are designed to regulate the behavior of people in a specific social institution.
Materials to achieve the objectives of the Institute.
Ideology, goals and objectives.

Types of social institutions

Classification that systematizes social institutions (the table is shown below), divides this concept for four separate types. Each of them includes at least four specific institutions.

What are social institutions? The table demonstrates their types and examples.

Spiritual social institutions in some sources are called cultural institutions, and the field of family, in turn, is sometimes called stratification and relationship.

General signs of the Social Institute

General, and at the same time, the main, signs of the social institution are:

the circle of subjects, which in the course of their activities enter into relationships;
steady nature of these relationships;
defined (and this means to one way or another formalized) organization;
behavioral norms and rules;
functions that ensure the integration of the Institute in the social system.

It should be understood that these signs are informal, but logically derive from the definition and functioning of various social institutions. With the help of them, among other things, it is convenient to analyze institutionalization.

Social Institute: Signs on concrete examples

Each specific social institution has its own characteristics - features. They are closely echoing with roles, for example: the basic roles of the family as a social institution. That is why it is significant to consider the examples and the corresponding signs and roles.

Family as a social institution

The classic example of the Social Institute is, of course, the family. As can be seen from the above table, it refers to the fourth of the institutions covering the same scope. Consequently, it is the base and the ultimate goal For marriage, paternity and motherhood. In addition, the family and unites them.

Signs of this social institution:

communication marriage or bloodary;
common family budget;
joint accommodation on one housing.

The main roles are reduced to a well-known saying that it is a "cell of society." Essentially, all that is. Family - particles, from the aggregate of which society develops. Except that it is a social institution, the family is also called a small social group. And it's not by chance, because from birth, a person develops under its influence and is experiencing him throughout his life.

Education as a social institution

Education is a social subsystem. It has its own specific structure and signs.

Basic elements of education:

social organizations and social community (educational institution and division into groups of teachers and students, etc.);
socio-cultural activity in the form of a study process.

The signs of the social institution include:

Norms and rules - At the Institute of Education, examples can be considered: craving for knowledge, attendance, respect for teachers and classmates / one-laugures.
Symbolism, that is, cultural signs - hymns and coat of arms educational institutions, animal symbol of some famous colleges, emblems.
Utilitarian cultural traits, such as training classes and cabins.
Ideology is the principle of equality between students, mutual respect, freedom of speech and the right to vote, as well as the right to his own opinion.

Signs of social institutions: examples

Summarize the information set out here. The signs of the social institution include:

a set of social roles (for example, father / mother / daughter / sister at the family institute);
sustainable behaviors (for example, certain models for the teacher and the student at the Institute of Education);
norms (for example, codes and state constitution);
symbolism (for example, a marriage institute or religious community);
basic values \u200b\u200b(i.e. moral).

The social institution, the signs of which were considered in this article, is designed to direct the behavior of each particular person, directly as part of his life. At the same time, for example, an ordinary luge-grader belongs to at least three social institutions: families, schools and states. Interestingly, depending on each of them, it belongs to him and the role (status), which he has and according to which he chooses his behavior model. She, in turn, asks his characterization in society.

Sociologists who borrowed the concept of the institute in the lawyers were given it with new content. Understanding social institutions as a totality of norms and mechanisms regulating a certain sphere of public relations (family, production, state, education, religion), sociology deepened our idea of \u200b\u200bthem as pillars, or basic elements on which society rests. The purpose of social institutions is to meet the most important (fundamental) vital needs of society. As you know, four such needs, therefore allocate four major social institutions:

1) to meet the need for reproduction of people institute of Family and Marriage;
2) livelihood needs - economic institutions, production;
3) security and social needs - political institutions state;
4) the need for solving spiritual problems, the development and transfer of new knowledge, the socialization of the younger generation - spiritual institutions In a broad sense, including science and culture.

Social Institute - This is an adaptive device of society, created to meet its most important needs and regulated by the consolidation of social norms. Thanks to the institutions, the socialization of individuals (the absorption of cultural norms and the development of social roles) is occurring, new generations of people (family institute) are born, the means of existence are mined, and spiritual rituals are being sent.

There is a different definition of a social institution as a set of public customs, the embodiment of certain habits of behavior, the image of the thought and lifestyle transmitted from generation to generation, varying depending on the circumstances and speakers to the instrument of adaptation to them. Actually, so lawyers understand the terms "Institution" (establishment, custom, order adopted in society) and " institute"(consolidation of customs and orders in the form of a law or institution). Hence the concept" institutionalization", denoting the consolidation of the practice or area of \u200b\u200bsocial relations in the form of a law or social norm, adopted about.

Thus, the institutionalization of any science, let's say sociology, involves the publication of state standards and regulations, the creation of research institutes, bureaus, services and laboratories, opening at universities, colleges and schools of relevant faculties, departments, departments and training courses professional professionals, publication of magazines, monographs and textbooks, etc.

Essentially, institutionalization means the transformation of the blurred set of rules and norms, customs and practices, ideas and ideas, people and buildings in an ordered system, which can be called with a full basis social Organization.

All social institutions that exist in society are conveniently divided into the main ones (they are called fundamental, basic) and non-unauthorized (non-residential, private). The second is hidden inside the first as smaller education. Unlike the main institution, the most unfounded performs a specialized task, serves a specific custom or satisfies an oil need.

For example, among the unmarked political institutions, we discover institutes forensic examination, passporting, proceedings, advocacy, jury, judicial control over arrests, judiciary, presidency, royal power, etc. These include the institute of removal from power (position), whose historical forms have undergone a long evolution.

In addition to the division of institutions to the main and unmarked, they can be classified according to other criteria. For example, institutions differ in the time of their occurrence and the duration of existence (permanent and short-term), the rigidity of the applied sanctions for violation of the rules, the conditions of existence, the presence or absence of a bureaucratic management system, the presence or absence of formal rules and procedures.

Nezernaya institutions also call social practitioners. Under social Practiceit is understood as the existing historically long-term sequence of actions carried out by a large social group (one or more) as a group (national, ethnic) custom for satisfying some important need for this group or community needs.

The simplest example of social practice is the queue in the store. For deficit, i.e. Limited in quantity, a chain of random passers-by, which instantly obey certain rules of behavior is built. Not a concrete line, and turn as the tradition of time or the people the essence of social practice.

Each Chief Institute has its own systems of accumulated practices, methods, techniques and procedures. Economic institutions cannot do without such mechanisms and practices, as a conversion of currency, private property protection, professional selection, employee alignment and assessment of their labor, marketing, market, etc. Inside the Institute of Family and Marriage, and here also includes the kinship system, scientists find institutions of paternity and motherhood, tribal revenge, witness, inheritance of the social status of parents, name, etc. The custom is prescribed a date - an element of the social practice of courtship. Confession is social practice, not an institution, a set of institutions or an organization. This is a centuries-old practice that has its own execution technology, rules and norms of behavior, a circle of performers (confessors and professionable), a system of prescribed status and roles. Sociologists speak about celibacy institutions (celibacy) in Catholicism, baptism and confession in Orthodoxy, Inquisition, monasticism, Bishopath.

Sometimes social practices coincide with non-residential institutions, and sometimes not. For example, the Institute of Representatives of the President of Russia, as well as the Institute of Mentoring in the USSR - bright samples of private institutions. They are established from above, the state, and did not arise from the bottom of the people as a natural continuation of its traditions and customs.

But the ritual dating, which of different nations Takes sometimes incredibly exotic forms, refers to social practices. Most societies do not need intermediaries, according to many countries, first of all in the highest light, a man cannot approach a lady or to another man and to introduce himself to him. It is necessary that someone third will be presented to each other.

The English political philosopher Michael Oakshott believed that democracy as a social and political practice is a totality of traditions and customs of this people and includes many very specific and very imperceptible ease of procedures, establishments, habits, with which it is only supported and successfully functions.

To the main thing functions The social institution includes the function of fixing and reproduction of social relations, as well as regulatory, integrative, broadcasting and communicative functions. Along with universal, specific functions exist. These features such functions that are inherent in one and not peculiar to other institutions. This, for example, reproduction of people, the birth of new generations (Institute of Family), the mining of existence (production), guidance in society (state), the discovery and transfer of new knowledge (science and education), the departure of spiritual rituals (religion). Some institutions perform the function of public order stabilizers. These include political and legal institutions such as state, government, parliament, police, courts, army. Other institutions support and develop culture. This applies to the institutions of the Church and Religion. Inside each social institution, you can allocate a number of podfunctionswhich he performs and which may not be from other institutions.

For example, at the Family Institute, scientists have discovered sexual regulation functions; reproductive; socialization; emotional satisfaction; status; Protective and economic.

The Company is arranged in such a way that a number of institutions perform several functions at the same time, and at the same time, several institutions can be specialized on the execution of one function. For example, the function of education or socialization of children is performed by institutes such as family, church, school, state. At the same time, the family institution performs features such as reproduction of people, upbringing and socialization, satisfaction in intimate proximity, etc. The functions performed by a single institution could be transmitted to other institutions or partially either completely between them.

Let's say, in the distant past, the family Institute fulfilled more than five - seven functions, but today some of them are transferred to other institutions. Thus, the school, recreation, special recreation institutions are engaged in education along with the family. Even the function of meeting sexual needs shares the family of the institute of prostitution. And the function of the development of livelihoods than in the days of hunters and collectors was exclusively familiarized by the family today and fully assumed the industry.

If the Institute works as it should, then it has a lot more pluses than minuses, and vice versa. Pros, or functions Strengthen, stabilize and develop society. Cons, i.e. dysfunction He is loosened. Large public shocks, such as war, revolution, economic and political crisis, may lead to violation of one or more institutions. This refers to the government, parliament, production, property, school, religion, etc. As a result, there are failures and dysfunctions in their functioning. This happened after the October Revolution in Russia in 1917.

An assessment of the activities of institutions, how they cope with their functions and tasks, gives public opinion. Sociologists periodically measure trust level To social institutions.

Over the past 20 years, consistently high confidence in Russians used only the Church Institute, since 2000 - President of the country. Attitude to other institutions, such as media, trade unions, government, court, parliament, army, militia, local organs The authorities, the prosecutor's office changed since 2000 but 2013. From extremely low to moderately low or medium variables (from 4 to 32%).

Sociologists believe that the low level of confidence in social institutions is evidenced by them crisis When they do not cope with their functions.

Survey data conducted by the Gallpa Institute in EU countries, of Eastern Europe Both Scandinavia, in Israel, Canada, USA, in South America, Asia and Africa, showed that the level of confidence in public institutions here is usually higher than in Russia (from 34 to 92%).

So, social institutions (basic and non-core) have not only functions (their benefits), but also dysfunction (damage caused by society). Functions and dysfunctions come explicitif they are officially declared, everyone is realized and obvious and latentIf they are hidden from the eyes, do not declare. The explicit functions of the institutes are expected and necessary. They are formed and declared in the codecs and are fixed in the status and roles system. Latent functions act as an impending effect of the activities of institutions or persons representing them. Democratic stateEstablished in Russia in the early 1990s, through parliament, the government and the president sought to improve the life of the people, to create civilized relationships in society and inspire respect for the law to citizens. These were the obvious, declared for all the goals and objectives. In fact, crime has grown in the country, and the standard of living fell. These are the side results of the efforts of the institutions of power. Explicit functions indicate that people wanted to achieve in the framework of a particular institution, and latent - about what happened. The concept of explicit and latent functions has developed in the middle of the XX century. Robert Merton.

The explicit functions of the school as the Institute of Middle Education include the acquisition of literacy and certificate of maturity, preparation for university, training for professional roles, the assimilation of the basic values \u200b\u200bof the Company. But she also has hidden functions: the acquisition of a certain social status, which will allow you to climb the step above illiterate, planting strong friendly connections, support for graduates at the time of their entry into the labor market. Obvious, i.e. sufficiently self-evident, the functions of the institute higher education You can consider the preparation of young people to master the various special roles and the assimilation of the value standards dominant in the society, morality and ideology, and implicit - the consolidation of social inequality, which takes place upon receipt of higher education. Thus, latent functions act as a side effect of the activities of the Social Institute. They can be both positive and negative, i.e. dysfunctions.

As we have convinced, functions and dysfunctions are relative, not absolute. The function can be apparent for some members of society and latent for others. The same with dysfunction. For example, it is important to purchase fundamental knowledge at the university, and to other dating. In this case, the intersection of functions, dysfunctions, explicit and latent functions can be depicted as a logical square (Fig. 3.4).

The Institute of Education or the Institute of Taxation has all pairs of functional relations. For example, the latent education function is to give graduates higher School Higher starting positions and provide higher service growth than people who do not have higher education. This feature is positive because it benefits graduates, and not harm. At the same time, it is a latent, obviously not manifested by any official law on education. The same can be said about the establishment of friendly relations, the formation of solidarity and mutual assistance of graduates of one university and the faculty after the completion of studies and the formation of an official career.

Another example is taxation. Useful taxes of taxes established by law - the explicit and positive function of the Economic Institute. Intelligent tax expenses are an example of dysfunction that takes explicit and latent form. The expenditures of taxes made by the state for useful for society of the case, but not embedded in their target destination, will give explicit dysfunction, and taxing is latent dysfunction.

Fig. 3.4.

When the discrepancy of obvious and latent functions is large, there is a double standard of social relations, which threatens the stability of society. The situation is even more dangerous when, along with the official institutional system, the so-called shadow institutions are formed, which take the function of regulating the most important social relations (for example, criminal structures in modern Russia).

Cm.: Frolov S. S. Sociology. M., 1994. P. 141-143.
Cm.: Merton R. Obvious and latent functions // American sociological thought; Ed. V. I. Dobrekova. M., 1994. P. 379 447.

Task ((55))

Social institutions acting in the spiritual sphere does not apply ...

Mass communication

Public opinion

Task ((56))

To the media in modern world relate …

Blockbusters

Bestsellers

the Internet

Periodic print

Task ((57))

Two functions inherent in the media as a social institution is ...

social stratification

Education

Social control

Social Differentiation

Task ((58))

"City Social Movement" is ...

Movement due to the crisis of meeting the needs of the family, in education and health services

Trade Union Movement

Movement in which rural residents do not participate

Student protesting

Task ((59))

An international organization in which Russia plans to enter into the near future is ...

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

United Nations (UN)

International Labor Organization (ILO)

World trade Organization (WTO)

Task ((60))

Effective elements of social control are ...

Praise and stimulation

Condemnation and censure

Remuneration and punishment

Expert assessment and selection

Task ((61))

Elements that include social control is ...

Norms and sanctions

Honor and conscience

The apparatus of coercion and laws

Public opinion and media

Task ((62))

The element of the social institution is not ...

Values

Task ((63))

Marriage between one woman and several men is called ...

Monogamy

Multi-Men

Celibacy

Polygamy

Task ((64))

If the Social Institute is ineffective and its prestige falls in society, then they speak ... Social Institute

Dysfunctions

Reorganization

Liquidation

Perestroika

Task ((65))

Examples of social institutions do not include ...

Religion

Education

Task ((66))

Introduced into the scientific circulation the concept of "social institution dysfunction" and substantiated him ...

F. Tennis

K. Marx

G. Zimmel

R. Merton

Task (67))

In accordance with the reform of the Middle School Education, the duration of training in a secondary school will be ... years

Task ((68))

The need for solving spiritual problems, finding the meaning of life satisfies the Social Institute ...

Religion

Education

Task ((69))

The prerequisite for any social institution is ...

State regulation

The presence of a public contract

The emergence of public need

The emergence of social stereotypes

Task ((70))

Legal norms characterizes ...

Obligatory

Informalization

The earliest appearance in society

Regulation of public opinion

Task ((71))

Social Institute is ...

Institutions organized with the aim of regulating the decision-making process relating to collective interests

The rules system, behavior standards, roles related to the regulation of sexual behavior, childbirth, socialization, socializing

Sustainable set of rules, norms, installations governing various spheres of human activity and organizing them into the system of social roles and statuses

Task ((72))

The main distinguishing features of the organization include ...

Target nature

Functionality

Hierarchy

Availability of regulatory and control

Labor separation, specialization

Task ((73))

The social properties of the organization include ...

Motivation

Silent

Organization as human community, specific social environment

Task ((74))

The cultural complexes of the organization do not include ...

Operator-role

Management

Relationship with external environment

Uzakannoe

Behavioral

Task ((75))

Types of social roles

Institutional

Non-Indstitudinal

Voluntary

Task ((76))

Political sociology studies ...

Social cut of political phenomena and their essence

Political processes regardless of social

Task ((77))

The concept of "dysfunction" introduced into sociology ...

R. Merton

T.rsans

Task ((78))

Marriage of one man with one woman is ...

Polygyny

Polyandry

Monogamy

Task ((79))

Family is a public institution

Task ((80))

Education is ...

The process of targeted and systematic impact on the consciousness and behavior of the personality in order to prepare for life in society

The process of acquiring knowledge about the world, attachment to culture, to the values \u200b\u200bof world civilization

The process of educating a person in the spirit of peace and good

Task ((81))

The alternativeness of education is manifested in ...

Availability along with public private schools

Strengthening attention to the personality of the student, its requests and interests

Growth of the values \u200b\u200bof humanitarian items

Availability of various textbooks for one subject

The ability to get an education in out-of-school forms: family education, self-education, external

Task ((82))

Marriage between representatives of one class of the social group or caste is called ...

Endogan

Exogamous

Polygamous

Task ((83))

Marriage form prevailing in modern societies

Polyandry

Polygyny

Monogamy

Group marriage

Task ((84))

Family is ...

Social Institute and Social Group

Social Institute

Social group

Task ((85))

The family as a subsystem of society, not opposing him, characterized ...

T. Parsons

M. Weber

Task ((86))

Marriage is ...

Communication between individuals based on blood relations

Recognized and approved by the Society Union between two adult individuals

Task ((87))

Types of family, by F. Le Ple

Monogamous and exogamny

Nuclear and mixed

Patriarchal and matriarchal

Patriarchrkal, root and unstable

Task ((88))

Nuclear family is ...

Parents and children

Parents, children, relatives

Parents, Children, Grandpa, Grandparents

Task ((289))

By the nature of the family leadership are divided into ...

Patriocal, Matrilocal and Special

Matriarchal, non-traditional, traditional

Traditional, matriarchal, unconventional, egalitarian

Task ((90))

Exogamia is ...

Rules requiring marriage out of its own (primarily blood) group

Rules prescribing marriage inside certain groups

Task ((91))

Family risk factors include ...

Early age entry into marriage

Marriage for coercion

Warning marriage

Small dating period

Serious attitude to marriage

Task ((92))

Alternative life styles include ...

Bachelor life

Loneliness

Open-faithful family

Homosexual couples

Task ((93))

The stereotype of family education is ...

Children's Center and Pragmatism

Childrenism, Professionalism, Pragmatism

Pragmatism, childcreenism, recreationality

Task ((94))

Distinctive features of science is ...

Rationality of the provisions and conclusions

Irrationality of provisions and conclusions

Community, impersonality

Task ((95))

The purpose of science is ...

Getting knowledge

Getting true knowledge

Task ((96))

The first reviewed science as a social institution ...

T.rsans

R. Merton

Task ((97))

Name the types of science

Technical

Natural

Anthropological

Public (Social)

Test on the topic 10. Social conflicts

Task ((138))

Belling

Task ((139))

T. Parsons

M. Weber

R. Darrendorf

Task ((140))

The actions of the seafarers of the battleship "Potemkin" in the summer of 1905, expressed in uncleaning officers and the murder of one of them were an example ...

Pogrom

Hysteria

Task ((141))

Role conflict in sociology called ...

Lack of social functions performed by a person

Contradictions arising between functions performed by one person

Phenomena of social marginalness

The phenomenon of a large number of social functions for one person

Task ((142))

The conversion of the conflict from the phase of an insoluble contradiction to the phase of mutually beneficial cooperation is ...

Change conflict

Conflict resolution

Decree conflict

Sitting conflict

Task ((143))

List obstacles that reduce the ability to prevent conflicts

Generally accepted moral norms

Conflict of society

Task ((144))

Conflicts on the fields of manifestation can be ...

Economic

Household

Intergroups

Interpersonal

Task ((145))

The most common causes of the conflict are ...

Socio-political

Socio-psychological

Economic

Socio-demographic

Individually psychological

All answers are true

Task ((146))

The subject of the conflict is that ...

About what confrontation arose

What is subject to discussion

What can be purchased

Task ((147))

The object of the conflict is ...

Specific reasons

Motivation

driving forces

Task ((148))

The natural mass form of social conflict belongs ...

Belling

Task ((149))

Conflictological direction in sociology developed ...

T. Parsons

M. Weber

R. Darrendorf

Task ((150))

Conflict warning is ...

Conflict Management for the purpose of its legitimation

Type of activity aimed at limiting conflict

Preventive conflict management form

Task ((151))

Conflicts on social consequences are ...

Constructive

Subject

Destructive

Starty

Task ((152))

Set the compliance between the objects of the social conflict and their authors.

L1: K. Marx

R1: Property

L2: R. Dawarendorf

R2: resource deficit

L3: L. Kauzer

R3: Power

Task ((153))

In conflictology, Lewis Kozern adhered to ...

Theories of positive-functional conflict

Theory of the Company's Conflict Model

General conflict theory

Task ((154))

In conflictology, Ralph Daerendorf adhered to ...

Theories of positive-functional conflict

General conflict theory

Theory of the Company's Conflict Model

Task ((155))

The fact that conflicts are an unreasonable part social Life, proved ...

M. Weber

K. Marx

G. Zimmel

G. Hegel

Task ((156))

Under the subject of conflict is meant ...

Objectively existing contradictions about the use of certain resources

Objectively existing or thoughtful problem, which is the cause of disagreements between the parties

Objectively existing disagreements and problems about the separation of authorities between the parties

Task ((157))

Objective reasons Conflict is associated with ...

Lack of resources

Spiritual impoverish

Crash ideology

Power of power

Task ((158))

Subjective causes of conflict are associated with ...

Psychology of man

Spiritual foundation of the person

Economic needs

Task ((159))

The structural components of the social conflict is not ...

Subjects of conflict

Relationship between conflict entities

Subject of conflict

condition ambientin which the conflict arises and develops

Characteristics of secondary participants

Task ((160))

The elements of the occurrence of the conflict is not ...

Problem

Conflict situation

Participants

Incident

Actions

Task ((161))

The criterion for assessing social tensions is not ...

Degree of discontent

The influence of the media

Mobilization of society

The influence of criminal structures

The degree of consolidation of the opposition

Task ((162))

Under the control of the conflict is understood ...

Targeted impact on the conflict process, ensuring the solution of socially significant tasks

Constant impact on the conflict process that ensures its permission

Impact on the process of conflict, ensuring the solution of its tasks

Task ((163))

The main positive method of resolving conflicts is ...

Empathy

Conversation

Task ((164))

The form of an expression of consent with the arguments of the enemy in the dispute is called ...

Compromise

Consensus

Avoiding

Device

Task ((165))

List the channels of the impact of the social norm on the behavior of people.

Information impact

Value impact

Psychological impact

Moral impact

Structural elements of the Company's main institutions

table 2

	Institutions	Basic roles	Physical traits	Symbolism. Damn
cHILDRATION AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN	family-marriage		situation	obtain contract
food, clothes, housing	economic	employer worker buyer seller		trade
maintain laws, rules and standards	political	legislator subject of law	public buildings and places
promoting Cathedral Relations, Deeperation of Faith	religious	a priest parishioner
socialization, admission to basic values \u200b\u200band practitioners	education

Source: A.I. Kravchenko. Sociology. - Ekaterinburg, 1998. - with. 338.

Functions and features of social institutions

Since social forces and interests are complex, contradictory and interrelated, it is not always possible to foresee the consequences of any separate action. Therefore, in the activities of any institution, it is allocated as obvious functions that are defined as recognized objectives of the institute, and latent functions that are carried out in indefinance and may be unrecognized, or, if they are recognized, are considered a by-product.

For the exercise of the goal for which it was created, each institute performs a function with respect to its participants to ensure the joint activities of people seeking to meet the needs. This is, first of all, the following explicit functions:

1. Function of consolidation and reproduction of social relations. Each institute has a system of rules and norms of behavior of its members supported by social control. Thus, the institute ensures the sustainability of social relations and the social structure of society.
2. Regulatory function - ensures regulation of relationships between members of society by developing behavioral patterns. With the help of institutions, a person exhibits predictable and standardized behavior in social life. He performs role-playing or expectations and knows what to expect from the people around.
3. Integrative function - includes the processes of cohesion, interdependence and intercrevious. All this leads to an increase in the stability and integrity of the elements of the social structure.

Integration involves three main elements:

consolidation or combination of efforts;

mobilization, when each member of the group invests its resources in achieving goals;

conformity of personal objectives of individuals with the objectives of others or the objectives of the group.

4. The translating function of society and its institutions could not develop if there was no possibility to transfer social experience. In this regard, each institute provides for a mechanism that allows individualizes to socialize to its values, standards and roles.
5. Communicative feature. The information produced at the Institute should be distributed both within it, with the aim of managing and monitoring compliance with the norms and in the interactions between institutions. Moreover, the nature of the institute's communicative relations has its own specifics - these are formal connections carried out in the system of institutionalized roles.

Inside each social institution, you can identify a number of subfunctions that it performs and which may not be from other institutions.

Dysfunctions in the activities of social institutions and social disorganization of society.

Control questions

Analyze the organization as a social system.

Open the concept of "the purpose of the social organization" and their ranking.

What are the goals, objectives and functions of social institutions and their role in the life of society and every individual person?

What are the main social institutions that exist in any civilized social systems?

How do you understand the term "social institution"?

What are the types of social institutions, their functions?

What are the main functions of the social institution?

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Social Institute. Social organization. The concept of the social institution. Elements of the Social Institute (Value, Roles, Norms) 325 Element of the Social Institute are not

The concept of social institution

Opinion E. Durkheima

Karl Marx

Terminology

Terms of institutionalization

Stages of institutionalization

Structural signs of the Social Institute

Types of social institutions

General signs of the Social Institute

Social Institute: Signs on concrete examples

Family as a social institution

Education as a social institution

Signs of social institutions: examples

Structural elements of the Company's main institutions

Functions and features of social institutions

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