Biological features of plants that improve the habitat and human health alexander viktorovich cherkasov. Corporate governance igor viktorovich cherkasov avtodor group of companies

Single-handed executive body The company is the CEO who manages current activities Companies. The CEO is elected by the Board of Directors and is accountable General meeting shareholders and the Board of Directors of the Company. The General Director acts on behalf of the Company without a power of attorney, representing its interests, carrying out transactions and resolving other production issues.

The General Director has 10 deputies in his subordination, each of whom is responsible for a certain direction of the Company's activities.

The Company's management has extensive industry experience and modern methods management.

VLASOV Vladimir Nikolaevich

, General Director, Member of the Board of Directors

Graduated from the Institute of Business and Business Administration of the Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation, holds an MBA degree.

General Director of PJSC Mostotrest since joining the company in September 2006. Prior to joining Mostotrest, he held a number of executive positions in forwarding companies in the seaports of Murmansk and St. Petersburg, in the Severstaltrans company. From 2000 to 2005, he was the General Director of OJSC Holding Company Kolomensky Zavod.

BIRYUKOV Evgeny Nikolaevich

Graduated from the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction Institute.

Evgeny Biryukov holds the position of Deputy general director PJSC Mostotrest since 2005. He has been working in the company since 1992. During this time, he was Deputy Director of the Moscow territorial firm Mostootryad-114, chief engineer, head of the production and technical department of the territorial firm Mostootryad-125.

BOGATYREV Gennady Olegovich

, Deputy General Director for Legal Affairs

Graduated from the Moscow State Law Academy.

Gennady Bogatyrev has been working at PJSC Mostotrest as Deputy General Director for Legal Affairs since 2006. Previously, for four years, he was Deputy Head of the Territorial Administration for Moscow Federal agency on federal property management.

DOBROVSKY Leonid Yulievich

, Deputy General Director

Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

Deputy General Director of PJSC Mostotrest since 2006. Prior to that, during the year he was General Director of OOO Mostal, for five years he served as General Director of OOO Montazhtransstroy - MTK. Earlier, for eight years, he was a representative of Mayvert Glass Engineering (Belgium) in Russia.

DORGAN Valery Viktorovich

, Deputy General Director for Marketing

Graduated from the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction Institute and the Moscow Institute of Management. PhD in Economics.

Appointed Deputy General Director for Marketing at OJSC Mostotrest in 2010. He has over 35 years of experience in the transport infrastructure construction sector. Prior to joining the company, he held a number of executive positions in government agencies responsible for the development of roads in Central Russia.

Mounted Andrey Albertovich

, chief engineer, deputy general director

Graduated from the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction Institute with a degree in bridges and tunnels.

For more than 10 years he worked in the department of artificial structures of the All-Russian Research Institute "SoyuzDorNII", then - at the Moscow enterprise for the operation and repair of artificial structures "Gormost". In 1996, he joined the Organizer company, which specializes in managing unique projects in the field of transport construction. He joined Mostotrest in 2011 as head of the production preparation department. In February 2017, he was appointed chief engineer of the company.

KOROTIN Victor Nikitovich

, Advisor to the General Director for Technical Issues

Graduated from the Novosibirsk University of Engineers railway transport... Candidate of Science (Engineering).

Has over 40 years of experience in the construction of transport infrastructure. He joined Mostotrest in 1970. Has occupied various leadership positions, from 1990 to February 2017 - chief engineer of the company.

Lapshov Andrey Viktorovich

, Deputy General Director for Economic Security

Graduated from the Higher Correspondence Law School of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Andrey Lapshov was appointed Deputy General Director for Economic Security in 2013. Prior to that, since 2012, he worked as an Advisor to the General Director of OJSC Mostotrest. From 1986 to 2012 he served in the internal affairs bodies Russian Federation.

MEDVEDEVA Oksana Nikolaevna

, Deputy General Director for Commerce

Graduated from Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and the Russian Academy of National Economy.

She has held the position of Deputy General Director of PJSC Mostotrest for Commerce since 2006. executive director OOO Magistralnaya Kompaniya and for five years worked as Deputy General Director for the commercial part of OAO Holding Company Kolomensky Zavod.

MONASTYREV Vladimir Veniaminovich

, Deputy General Director for Development

Graduated from Moscow State Transport University with a degree in Economics and Enterprise Management. PhD in Economics.

He has been with Mostotrest since 2000. Prior to his appointment as Deputy General Director for Development, he held the position of Head of the Economic Planning Department.

STRUK Andrey Leonidovich

, Deputy General Director for Production

Graduated from the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction Institute, specializing in bridges and transport tunnels

Has been working at PJSC Mostotrest since 1996. He has held various positions, incl. worked as the head of construction, head of the design and technical department of the Moscow territorial firm "Mostootryad-18" - branch of PJSC Mostotrest. In 2008, he was appointed Deputy General Director for the Sochi Region of OJSC Mostotrest. In 2015, he was appointed to the position of Deputy General director-director for the production of PJSC "Mostotrest".

TANANA Oleg Grigorievich

, Deputy General Director for Economics and Finance

Graduated from the Belarusian State Institute of National Economy.

Has been working at PJSC Mostotrest as Deputy General Director for Economics and Finance since 2006. Prior to joining Mostotrest, he was Deputy General Director for financial matters and the economy of OJSC Holding Company "Kolomensky Zavod".

URMANOV Igor Alexandrovich

, deputy general director

Graduated from the Tomsk Civil Engineering Institute with a degree in highways.

In the sphere road construction- almost 40 years. Over the years, he worked in various positions at road facilities, including the Avtodor Group of Companies as First Deputy Chairman of the Management Board, where he was responsible for the company's technical policy.

BANTSEVICH Marina G.

, Chief Accountant

Graduated from St. Petersburg University of Economics and Finance.

She has been working at PJSC Mostotrest since 2000. During this period, for three years she worked as the chief accountant of CJSC Mostootryad-86, for two years she was the deputy chief accountant of the Mostotrest company.

480 RUB | UAH 150 | $ 7.5 ", MOUSEOFF, FGCOLOR," #FFFFCC ", BGCOLOR," # 393939 ");" onMouseOut = "return nd ();"> Dissertation - 480 rubles, delivery 10 minutes, around the clock, seven days a week

Cherkasov Alexander Viktorovich. Biological features of plants that improve the environment and human health: dissertation ... Candidate of Biological Sciences: 06.01.13 / Cherkasov Aleksandr Viktorovich; [Place of protection: Vseros. nauch.-issled. in-t of medicines. and aroma. plants RAAS] .- Moscow, 2009.- 184 p .: ill. RSL OD, 61 09-3 / 1182

Introduction

Chapter I. Literary review. The use of phytoncides, medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants to improve the environment and human health 9

Chapter II. Place, methods and conditions of research 28

2.1. Place and time of research 28

2.2. Research methods 29

2.2.1. Methodology for biometric and phenological studies of plant growth and development 29

2.2.2. Research of aromatherapy and phytoncidal action of peppermint 34

2.2.3. Determination of the component composition of essential oils 35

2.2.4. Microbiological study of phytoncidal activity of plants 36

2.3. Study of the influence of agro-climatic conditions on

plants in medicinal and decorative compositions 37

Chapter III. Study of the biological characteristics of plants in medicinal and decorative compositions of phytocomplexes 44

3.1. Features of the assortment of medicinal, phytoncidal and ornamental plants in open and protected ground 44

3.1.1. Outdoor plants 44

3.1.2. Protected ground plants 54

3.2. Research of biological indicators of plants: growth, development, cold resistance in phytocompositions 64

3.2.1. Biological features of plant phytocompositions at Domodedovo 64

3.2.2. Creation of a medicinal lawn in Domodedovo 83

3.2.3. The aesthetic component of medicinal and decorative compositions in combination with small forms of garden architecture 86

3.2.4. Biological features of plants of phytocompositions flower beds "Health" 90

3.2.5. Phytoncidal activity of individual plants in phytocompositions of the flower bed "Health" 126

Chapter IV. Research results in the phytocomplex Recreation corner "Health" in VILAR 131

4.1. Features of the assortment of medicinal, phytoncidal and ornamental plants 132.

4.2. Phytoncidal activity of individual plants and medicinal lawn 136

4.3. Identifying a promising mint variety for medicinal lawns 144

Chapter V. The main elements of technology for creating environment-improving and aesthetic medicinal-decorative compositions 148

Conclusions 159

On the topic of thesis 166

Literature 168

Introduction to work

Relevance of the research topic

Humanity has entered the 21st century with all its social and environmental diseases. Changes in the biosphere as a result of the increased anthropogenic impact of humans have led to environmental disruption and deterioration of the human environment. Pollution levels exceed the maximum permissible concentration in more than 200 cities of the Russian Federation with total number population of more than 60 million people. In solving this problem, the decisive role is assigned to plants, with the help of which possible ecological stabilization and improvement of the environment. Important role at the same time phytoncides play - biologically active substances secreted by plants in the process of life. For the first time phytoncides were discovered by a domestic scientist - professor B.P. Tokin in 1928. Volatile phytoncides (aerofolins) - essential oils, terpenoids, aldehydes and other compounds can dramatically improve the composition of the air, reduce the number of bacteria, fungi, viruses and render healing effect... By means of phytoncidotherapy, the general health-improving effect of plants on the human body has been established.

A new environment-forming direction is developing, often called phytoergonomics, located at the junction of biology and physiology, hygiene and botany. A great contribution to the development of this direction was made by VG Drobotko, 1964; Chasovennaya A.A., 1981; Grodzinsky A.M. et al., 1991. Currently, new environment-forming technologies are successfully developing at the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Rabinovich AM et al., 1992, 2005; Bykov V.A. et al. 2000, 2006; Dubovitskaya O. Yu., 2002; Malankina E.L., 2006; Tsitsilin A.N., 2007). Such a developing direction of environment-forming technologies, which integrates the therapeutic effect of phytoncides, medicinal and

ornamental plants with their aesthetic and therapeutic effect, which has a beneficial effect on the body through the emotional sphere. The beauty of the plant world takes a person out of depression, stress, saves from bad mood, increases efficiency.

The purpose of this work was to study the biological characteristics of promising plant species when creating complex medicinal and decorative phytocompositions for improving the environment and ensuring their aesthetic perception.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:

to select and test the range of phytoncidal, essential oil, medicinal and ornamental plants in open and protected ground to create mixed medicinal and decorative compositions;

Study phenology and seasonal phenological cycles of plants
open and protected ground, growth dynamics of the main indicators
the structure of plants in medicinal and decorative compositions,
cold resistance and tolerance of species when growing together;

depending on the biological characteristics of plants, develop principles and technological methods for creating medicinal and decorative compositions;

to create medicinal lawns using herbaceous and phytoncidal perennials;

using a microbiological method to give a preliminary assessment of the phytoncidal properties of individual groups of plants in phytocompositions and the phytoncidal activity of volatile secretions of medicinal lawns;

For the first time, a nomenclature of 35 species and 6 forms of phytoncidal, medicinal and ornamental plants has been identified, and stable phytocompositions have been created in the open ground in order to improve the habitat and ensure their aesthetic impact in combination with elements of garden architecture. The creation of medicinal and decorative compositions for the period May-October for the first time provides for the use of an assortment of perennial and annual plants in open and protected ground. Their biology, growth and development, cold resistance, phytoncidal activity of individual groups of plants have been studied. When creating a phytocomposition, plant species are grouped according to environment-improving, biomorphological and decorative indicators, as well as their phytotherapeutic effect.

For the first time in the Moscow region, medicinal lawns have been created using perennial grasses and essential oil plants. A promising variety of peppermint of domestic selection for use in the creation of medicinal lawns has been identified.

The widespread use of phytotherapeutic

health-improving complexes and phytocompositions that differ not only positive influence to reduce microflora in the air, but also a beneficial effect on the emotional state of people.

Such medicinal and decorative compositions are recommended in green construction of large and small cities and their courtyards, in health institutions, on the sites of schools and other educational institutions,

in playgrounds, in the territories of industrial and cultural enterprises, in summer cottages and backyards, garden plots, etc. Acts on the implementation of specific developments are attached.

Literature review. The use of phytoncides, medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants to improve the environment and human health

In recent years, the ecology has changed dramatically, especially in cities and towns. According to The World Organization health care more than 1 billion people live in large cities with air pollution above the maximum permissible concentrations. An extremely unfavorable ecological situation is also typical for our capital - Moscow. Areas of green space are shrinking. According to experts, the soil cover in Moscow is absent in more than 80% of the territory. Over 30% of the city's green spaces have fallen into disrepair, reserve areas are used not only in Moscow, but in every other city, the issues of creating green zones for rehabilitation are practically not resolved. In Moscow, 70% of pollution falls on vehicles. Each car emits more than 200 different substances and compounds into the air, and there are millions of them in the capital. Emissions of vehicles into the atmosphere exceed 100 kg per. one resident per year.

Technogenic emissions from transport and industrial enterprises in cities lead to a sharp pollution of the environment with sulfur, lead, cadmium. As a result of all these negative phenomena, more and more urban residents suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system. Every year the number of patients with diabetes increases by 10%, the birth rate and immunity in children decreases (24,70). If we do not try to stop this process in the near future, then the health of the present and future generations will worsen even more (14, 16).

At present, environmental pollution raises the problem of protecting human health. In the hygienic and aesthetic improvement of the environment, the plant world plays a huge role as an environment-forming factor (15, 18, 130). As the main component of the biosphere, plants are becoming increasingly important in the life of society as a factor of the environment, with the help of which its ecological stabilization and improvement of human life are possible against the background of increased anthropogenic loads on natural complexes (9, 55, 88, 89).

Forests, groves and parks surrounding settlements, protect them from the winds. In cities, they reduce the impact of noise, help clean the air from dust and gases, enrich it with oxygen and reduce the content of carbon dioxide, the main factor of the greenhouse effect. (41, 73, 105, 117).

Plants also play a huge aesthetic role, decorating streets, squares, houses and yards (17, 79, 90, 91). Possessing special qualities, plants give a person positive emotions (aesthetic therapy). Diverse. shades of flowers, leaves, fruits, discreet tones of the stem and bark, harmony and contrast of the color and shape of plants - color therapy causes such sensations in a person as relaxation, tranquility, delight, etc. That is, with the help of plants, you can influence the mood of a person. This is what herbal aesthetic therapy is based on.

Plants play an important role in the improvement of the air sphere. Scientists of Crimea have calculated that in a suburban forest in a cubic meter of air there are only 5 microbes, in a city apartment - 20,000, in school classes, shops, in public transport - 9 million (139). The reason, the sanitary and hygienic influence of plants on environment are the antimicrobial action of phytoncides (11, 22, 29). Volatile phytoncides (aerofolins) - essential oils, terpenoids, alcohols, aldehydes can dramatically improve the composition of the air, reduce the number of bacteria, fungi and even viruses and indirectly, through the alveoli of the lungs, have a therapeutic effect. Volatile phytoncides of plants have a high spectrum of antimicrobial activity, combined with a positive effect on the human body, which allows them to be used for sanitation of the habitat in the presence of humans.

For the first time phytoncides were discovered by a domestic scientist professor B.P. Tokin in 1928. They are produced by both intact and wound plant tissues. Phytoncides were formed as a result of the evolution of the plant organism as a natural means of plant self-defense. There are not many volatiles in the atmosphere - a few thousandths of a gram per kilogram of air. But, for example, one hectare of coniferous forest on a hot summer day can evaporate up to 30 kg of essential oil into the air within an hour. In general, the vegetation of the Earth annually releases up to 150 million tons into the atmosphere. essential oils. (32.62,157.6). Phytoncidal activity is inherent in the entire plant world. However, the degree of emission of volatile substances must be associated with the study of the biological characteristics of plants of each species.

It is known that, in addition to the antimicrobial effect, inhalation of phytoncides of some plants has a beneficial effect on the human psyche, normalizes the heart rate, and improves metabolic processes (68). In people staying in an atmosphere of volatile secretions of many plants, the protective functions of the body increase, the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex are normalized, and efficiency and endurance increase. Thanks to these properties of plants, new directions in medicine have appeared - phytoncidotherapy and aromatherapy.

Methodology for biometric and phenological studies of plant growth and development

When carrying out biometric counts and observations, the method of G.N. Zaitsev (52) was used, taking into account the classification of plants according to I.G. Serebryakov (108), when the following indicators are taken into account for different life forms of higher plants: Plant height: distance from the soil surface to the main point of growth (top, apical point of growth, center of the rosette). Shoot length: for the main shoots - from the root collar to the apical point of growth; at the axillary shoots - from the sinus - to the top; for lianas and lodging shoots, it is similar to measuring height. Projection diameter (... green projection, coverage diameter): the distance between the extreme opposite points of the shoots of the aboveground green coating allows you to assess the overall habit (shape and size) of a plant, a group of plants.

Number of shoots: (main or axillary): count all shoots of each tier (or 1st, 2nd, etc. orders); allows you to evaluate the intensity of shoots and branching of plants. Number of leaves: (in rosette and unpaired plants) or pairs of leaves (in parifolia): by counting nodes (with leaves) or leaf scars (if the leaves have fallen off); taken into account together with the length of internodes (distance between nodes) and allows you to evaluate the dynamics of shoot growth, illumination.

In shrubs and semi-shrubs, they are measured in the ratio of the length of the lignified and non-lignified (grown over the season) part of the shoot to assess the seasonal growth and readiness of plants for the winter period. Number of growth points: Counting all types of growth points (apical, axillary, basal, whiskers and cuttings) allows you to estimate the intensity of the vegetative growth of the plant. The number of inflorescences (their size, color, branching, shape) is taken into account when the budding and flowering phases begin.

The results of biometric determinations of all studied plants were recorded in dynamics by months from the beginning to the end of the growing season. In this case, the following were used in all tables. legend: N - the number of observations on the basis; H - plant height (rosettes, main shoots, lash length for lodging plants); D - the diameter of the bush, rosette; X is the average value of the trait (in natural units); Sx - deviations from the mean. In parallel, we calculated in the dynamics by months of the growing season the increments of aboveground organs of plants in open and protected ground, expressed in absolute terms and in relative units as coefficients from the division of increments (in natural units) at the end of the month by the corresponding increments at the beginning of the month.

Phenological observations of plant development were carried out according to the method of the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation (85) with additional compilation of phenospectra of medicinal and ornamental plants in open and protected ground that make up phytocompositions. 2.2.2. Research of aromatherapy and phytoncidal action of peppermint plants

The essential oil is extracted from plant materials by the Ginsberg hydrodistillation method by steam distillation followed by volume measurement. A portion of finely ground raw materials weighing 15-20 g is placed in a wide-necked round flask with a capacity of 1000 ml and about 300 ml of water is poured. The flask is closed with a stopper through which a vertical ball condenser passes.

The receiver (1) is a bent, unequal-knee tube with a diameter of 0.5 cm, the length of the larger knee is 8 cm, and the smaller one is 6 cm. The large knee has a soldered funnel with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 cm. The end of the smaller knee is bent downward. The receiver is calibrated to 0.025 ml. The receiver should fit freely in the neck of the flask, without touching its walls, and be at least 5-6 cm from the water level.The flask with the contents is heated to a boil and boiled slightly for 1-1.5 hours. essential oils are condensed in the refrigerator and the liquid drains into the receiver. The oil settles in the graduated bend of the receiver and the water flows back into the flask. After cooling, the volume of oil settled in the receiver is counted and the content of essential oil is calculated as a percentage in relation to the starting material.

The component composition of essential oils was determined at the Department of Organic Chemistry of the RSAU - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev by GLC and GLC - MS according to V.A.Zamurenko, L.B.Dmitriev, N.A. Klyuev (53). GLC analysis was performed on a Biochrom-1 chromatograph with a HP-FFAP capillary quartz column (Crosslinker), 50m x 0.32mm x 56 im; temperature regime: 60C - 4 minutes, 37 minutes to 185C - 16 minutes. Chromatomass spectrometric studies were carried out on a MAT-311A device from Varian.

The number of microorganisms in the air around the plants under study can serve as an indicator of the phytoncidity of plants (134). The total number of microorganisms in the air around plant objects was determined by Koch sedimentation methods on Petri dishes with nutrient agar (MPA with 0.5% glucose).

Preparation of nutrient agar of the following composition: - pancreatic hydrolyzate of casein (in terms of dry residue) - 15g; - yeast extract (10%) in terms of dry residue - 5 g; - glucose - 20g; - sodium chloride (taking into account the content in the hydrolyzate) - 5g; - agar - agar - 10-20 g; - water - 1000 mg; All components, except glucose, are mixed, alkalinized with 10-20% NaOH solution to ph 8.0 - 8.2 and left for 20-30 minutes for agar to swell. The mixture is then heated in an open kettle for 30 minutes to melt the agar. Let stand for 20-30 minutes, filter through a cotton filter. Glucose is added to the resulting volume of the medium, the pH is adjusted to 7.3 - 7.5, poured into Petri dishes with a layer of 12-15 mm, sterilized (110C - 112C; 0.5 atm.) - 30 minutes.

The culture medium prepared in this way can be stored for 3 months at a temperature of +4 - + 10C and for 1 month at a temperature of +20 - + 25C. For the experiments, Petri dishes were placed around the studied plants at a height of 20-30 cm in three or four replicates. The experiments were carried out on clear or cloudy windless days, on the eve of which there was no rain. Petri dishes were opened for 15-30 minutes. Then they were covered with lids and kept in a thermostat at a temperature of + 37C for 24-48 hours. After incubation, the grown colonies of microorganisms were counted. The less microorganisms around the plant, the higher its phytoncidal activity. More precisely, the phytoncidal activity can be determined as the percentage of the decrease in the number of colonies of microorganisms in the experiment under the influence of volatile excreta of plants in comparison with the control level (128). For example, in the control dishes there were 20 colonies of microorganisms, and in the dishes under the influence of a phytoncidal plant, 8 colonies of microorganisms were registered, that is, 12 colonies less. 12 x 100/20 = 60%. Consequently, the phytoncidal activity of such a plant is 60%.

Biological features of plant phytocompositions in Domodedovo

In 2000, in the area of ​​the city of Domodedov, an educational and recreational complex was laid, which is located on an area of ​​3 thousand m2 and consists of mini - landscape compositions and structures different directions and destination. They are combined into a kind of thematic zones (Fig. 2 and 3).

When creating a health-improving complex, the elements of phytoncidal, aromatic and aesthetic therapy, which improve the living environment and human health, were taken into account. On the territory of this unique health-improving complex, numerous types of medicinal, phytoncidal and ornamental plants are widely represented, which improve the microflora and ionization of the air useful for humans, absorb toxins, harmful gases and heavy metals, reducing noise and dust.

To increase the efficiency of environment-forming technologies in the construction of phytodesign of local medicinal and decorative compositions, plant species, both open and protected, growing together in the spring-summer-autumn period, were used for the first time. In 2007, studies were carried out to study the biological characteristics of such plants. An important element of these studies was the detailed registration of their biometric indicators during the entire growing season, indicating the intensity of growth of individual elements of the structure of aboveground organs and plants in general. Registration of biometric indicators of all studied plants was carried out sequentially by months of the growing season from June to October (Table 2-6) and in dynamics from the beginning to the end of the growing season (Table 7).

In June (Table 2), in protected ground plants, a significant increase in height and diameter was recorded in aloe, sansevier, bryophyllum, and basil plants. Active growth was not observed in plants of callisia, geranium, cyperus and lotus. In open ground plants, an intensive increase in height and diameter was noted in all plants, with the exception of cyanosis and leuzea, which were in the flowering phase, and Eleutherococcus.

In July (Table 3), in protected ground plants, a significant increase in plant diameter was observed in most species due to an increase in the number of shoots and the length of leaves. Only cyperus plants were characterized by weak growth. In open field plants, periwinkle plants were distinguished by an intensive increase in the length of shoots. Lemon balm, mint, monarda, and echinacea plants also grew rapidly in height and diameter. Lavender and thyme, which were in the flowering phase, were distinguished by an insignificant increase, while leuzea and cyanosis were in the ripening phase.

In August (Table 4), protected ground plants switched to peripheral growth: an increase in the diameter of individuals due to intensive branching. An active increase in height was observed in the sansevier, which has a vertical type of growth. In open field plants, a decrease in growth in height was also observed while maintaining an increase in diameter due to their branching. Weak growth was noted in lavender and thyme (flowering phase) and in cyanosis and leuzea (ripening phase).

In September (Table 5), there was a general decrease in the growth rates of the aboveground mass in plants in protected and open ground. Only the ophiopogon and periwinkle continued to grow on earth. In October (Table 6), growth processes were inhibited in all plants under the influence of low temperatures.

Table 8 shows the final biometric indicators of the increase in the aboveground mass of plants for the growing season from June to October. When analyzing this table, it can be seen that in protected ground plants the most active growth in height and diameter was in sansevier, cyperus, lotus, geranium and callisia. A significant increase in diameter is characteristic of aloe and basil due to an increase in the number of shoots. For the majority of plants in open ground, an intensive increase in the aboveground mass was recorded, both in height and in diameter: lemon balm, mint, monarda, echinacea, cyanosis, sedum, and badan. The periwinkle was actively growing creeping shoots. A weak increase in the aboveground mass was noted only in the plants of thyme, lavender, and eleutherococcus.

In Tables 2-8, the increase in the aboveground mass of plants was determined in absolute units - in centimeters, which corresponded to the generally accepted method of biometric counts and observations (52). By own initiative this technique was supplemented by the following calculations. The increments of the aboveground organs of all the studied plants were also calculated in relative units in the form of coefficients from dividing the increments of the aboveground plant mass at the end of the month (in cm) by the corresponding increments at the beginning of the month (Table 9). Such indicators make it possible to graphically demonstrate the characteristics of growth in dynamics by months of the growing season of all plants in protected and open ground (Fig. 4 and 5).

Protected ground plants (Fig. 4) are characterized by a gradual activation of plant growth in the period from June to August. The maximum intensity of the growth processes occurred in August, and then there is a sharp decrease in growth activity by September. The overwhelming majority of these plants were in the vegetative growth phase during almost the entire growing season. Therefore, the decrease in growth processes from August to September mainly depended not on the physiological state of the plants, but on the temperature conditions at the end of the growing season.

For plants in open ground (Fig. 5), a different pattern of growth is observed, expressed in a decrease in growth activity from July to September. This pattern can mainly be explained by the sequential transition of plants from the phase of vegetative growth to the generative phases of development (flowering, maturation), accompanied by natural inactivation of the growth function.

The noted differences in the patterns of plant growth in protected and open ground during the growing season are also confirmed by observations of the seasonal development of these groups of plants (Table 10 and Fig. 6). All protected ground plants (except for periwinkle and eleutherococcus) went through a full seasonal development cycle.

It should be noted that the beginning of vegetative growth was the date of the end of the period of plant acclimatization after planting in the phytocomposition. The cessation of active growth of the aboveground mass of plants corresponds to mass flowering (in flowering) or the onset of a temperature minimum (in vegetation). The end of the growing season of plants in 2007 occurred at the onset of a critical temperature minimum, which on October 4 was 0 + 4C.

Phytoncidal activity of individual plants and medicinal lawns

The phytoncidal activity of individual plants growing on the territory of the Zdorovye recreation area was determined using the same Koch sedimentation method that was used in Section 3.4. The experiments were carried out in mid-July. The control was the number of colonies of microorganisms in the air over asphalt surfaces near the territory of the recreation area "Health". The phytoncidal activity of plants was determined at exposures of the experiment for 15 and 30 min. Species differences in the phytoncidal activity of plants at both used exposures of the experiment, on the whole, coincided.

The results of the studies carried out in 2007 are presented in Table 31. The experimental data of this table indicate that all the studied plants are characterized by phytoncidal action. Thuja spherical 75.0% and both types of juniper (M. common and M. Kazatsky) had the highest phytoncidal activity, 70.8% and 66.7%, respectively. Sansevier had the smallest phytoncidal effect - 41.7%.

In the experiment of 2008, the assortment of the studied plants was slightly changed (Table 32). From the results of this table it follows that the greatest phytoncidal activity was confirmed in the common juniper - 73.8% and in the Cossack juniper - 62.2%. High performance phytoncidal action was also shown by plants of mint and thuja western - respectively 59.3%) and 50.6%. The minimum phytoncidal activity, as in the 2007 experiment, was possessed by the three-lane sansevier - 41.8%.

Since the species differences in the phytoncidal activity of plants on the background of both exposures of the experiment, as a rule, coincided, graphic image phytoncidal action of individual plants in 2007 and 2008 is presented at an exposure of 15 min. (Fig. 20 and 21).

As shown above (Section 3.3), in 2006, a medicinal lawn was created on the territory of the recreational phytocomplex in Domodedovo. Using a similar technology, a similar medicinal lawn was organized in the "Health" recreation area. Both medicinal lawns were distinguished by the fact that in Domodedovo, to enhance the phytoncidal activity of the lawn, a variety of peppermint Silver was used, and in the recreation corner "Health" - peppermint Cyprus, obtained from the island of Cyprus. In addition, in the latter case, mint was planted throughout the entire lawn. Therefore, it was not possible to compare the phytoncidal activity of a grass lawn with and without mint, as was done earlier in the health complex in Domodedovo.

On the lawn of the recreation area "Health" in 2008, the biological characteristics of the growth of mint plants planted on the lawn of the first and second years of vegetation were studied. The beginning of regrowth of mint was noted on April 23, and mass regrowth - on May 5. Lawn mowing was carried out on July 26 at a height of 12 cm from the soil surface. At the same time, 2-3 internodes remained on the mint plants. Due to the density of the herb turf, underground mint shoots did not come to the surface. Throughout the growing season, mint was in the vegetative phase of development. After 25 August, plants were affected by powdery mildew. The dying off of the aboveground mint mass was noted in 2007 on October 14, and in 2008 - on November 24.

During the growing season (from May to August) of 2008, a detailed registration of biometric indicators of the growth of aboveground organs of mint in the first and second years of the growing season was carried out in the period before and after mowing the lawn. In addition, the indicators of plant growth in height, diameter and number of shoots were assessed (Table 33).

The data in Table 33 show that the mint of the first growing season had an advantage in shoot-forming ability, including the effectiveness of the increase in the number of shoots before mowing the lawn. However, in terms of the height of shoots and the diameter of plants, the mint of the second year of vegetation was significantly ahead of the plants of the first year of life during the entire observation period. Moreover, in August, after mowing, the mint of the second year of vegetation continued to outpace the mint of the first year of life, not only in the height of shoots, but also in the number of renewal shoots. All these biometric indicators indicate more active growth processes in mint plants of the second year of vegetation, contributing to a greater accumulation of aboveground mass. Taking into account the noted differences in mint plants of the first and second years of vegetation, it seems appropriate to consider the phytoncidal activity of such plants under conditions of a medicinal lawn.

These experiments were carried out in 2007 with mint plants of the first year of vegetation in the lawn and in 2008 with plants of the second year of vegetation. Studies of the phytoncidal activity of the medicinal lawn were carried out within the same experiments on the study of the phytoncidal effect of individual plants growing on the territory of the "Health" recreation area. The results of the phytoncidal activity of the medicinal lawn are presented in Table 34.

The data in Table 34 indicate a high phytoncidal activity of the medicinal lawn with mint, which for two years of study varied from 61% to 76%. Moreover, the phytoncidal effect on the air over the mint lawn of the second year of vegetation consistently exceeded such an environment-improving effect of the mint lawn of the first year of life.

Against the background of both exposures of the experiments, the phytoncidal activity of the medicinal lawn with mint plants of the first year of life was 61.1%, while the phytoncidal effect of the medicinal lawn with mint plants of the second vegetation year reached 72.7% and 76.6%. Such differences can be explained by causal relationships between the increased phytoncidal effect and the more active accumulation of aboveground mass by mint plants of the second growing season noted above (Table 33).

Zelentsov, Sergey Viktorovich

Alexander Cherkasov - successful businessman, candidate of biological sciences, master of beauty (honorary order for the development of traditions landscape design), laureate of numerous international and federal level, artist, father and grandfather of the family.

The Master says about himself: “I am a nerd, head over heels in love with the world, a romantic, 64th year of release, who became a dollar millionaire at the age of 27. I realized early on that money itself is not a goal, but the energy returned to realize the best version of myself, I don’t have a very secret secret of success, I have a life credo that everyone knows: love the world, and it will answer you in kind, much faster than you expect. "

Characteristic feature of our time, it becomes that a person "tired" of city bustle and crowds, living in constant stress, tries to escape "into nature", get lost not in stone high-rise buildings, but in the forest ringing with birds, breathe the intoxicating aroma of herbs, feel peace and tranquility. This is how the fairytale corner "Space of Love" influences all visitors, which, as if by magic, was transferred from the past to our reality by Alexander Viktorovich Cherkasov.

Plant a garden ...

A graduate of the Timiryazev Academy, Alexander Viktorovich began labor activity with the cultivation and trade of seedlings, collaborated with the Institute of Genetics and the Main Botanical Garden, was engaged in garden design, with his own hands he laid a part of the garden in the courtyard of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. What the Master did was more than enough for several people to write in their biographies, but he does not stop there. His main creation today is the Landscape and Architectural Health Complex "Space of Love", and in his dreams - the creation of the School of Botany and Landscape Design.

Build a house ...

One gets the impression that Alexander Viktorovich can build a house from anything and whatever. Next to the Gostiny Dvor is the House of the Sun, a little further off the Scottish Castle, even further away is the Bath Residence, or just a VIP-hut. And how many amazing small buildings and sculptural ensembles! It is no coincidence that the Space of Love complex is included in the Russian Book of Records and Achievements for the number of projects implemented on such a small plot of land.

Raise a child ...

Everything that the Master does, first of all he does for the children, Grow up and delight their children. Everyone who has visited the fairytale town becomes joyful and happy. Magic world fairy tales .. Without visiting it, a child will never become a Person, a Person. Alexander Viktorovich understands this and constantly creates new and new fairy tales for children. In the fairy tale museum, sad children become cheerful, withdrawn - sociable, angry - affectionate and kind. Isn't this happiness ?!

 

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