Types of knots and how to tie them. Variety of nodes: types, types, schemes and their application. What are the nodes? Knitting knots for dummies. Brief history of occurrence

IN Everyday life we are often faced with the need to pack, fasten or tie something. Usually in such a situation, we pick up a twine and begin to enthusiastically invent inconceivable designs from knots, twists and weaves, which then are absolutely impossible to unravel. So let's learn how to tie a few more popular knots.

Arbor knot

This is one of the main knots that have been used to fasten the bowstring since ancient times. It is sometimes referred to as the king of knots for its simplicity and versatility. It is used to obtain a non-tightening (!) loop at the end of a straight rope, for attaching a rope to rings or eyelets, for tying ropes.

simple bayonet

The "Simple Bayonet" knot also allows you to tie a non-tightening loop, and it is used mainly in those places that require especially reliable fastening. For example, such knots have long been used in the navy for securing mooring lines to mooring fixtures, for attaching towing cables and heavy loads, and so on.

Toutline

If you need to tie something, but later be able to adjust the length of the rope, then a special knot will come to the rescue, allowing you to easily change the size of the loop. Especially often it is used by tourists for setting up tents and tensioning awnings.

Eight

This is the traditional knot used in all cases where you need to attach something to the rope. It is easy to knit, it can withstand heavy loads, and later such a knot can be quite simply untied to free the rope.

The "Eight" node has two options. The first is used in cases where you have one free end. It looks quite complicated, but once you figure out the sequence of actions, everything will turn out by itself.

The second option can be used when both ends of the rope are free. This knot is so simple that it can be tied with closed eyes, and at the same time it is completely reliable.

Driver's knot

A truly legendary knot that has many different names and more practical applications. This knot is used in construction work, during transportation, in tourism and in other cases when you need to fasten something tightly and tightly.

For those readers who find it difficult to navigate through animated drawings, there is an additional instruction containing static photos of each step. You can find it at this link.

And what other knots do you consider practically useful and necessary for mastering?

Knots in the history of mankind appeared very early - the oldest known ones were found in Finland and date back to the Late Stone Age. With the development of civilization, knitting methods also developed: from simple to complex, with a division into types, types and areas of use. The largest category in terms of the number of variations is sea knots.

The role of nodes in culture and religion

There were peoples in which the methods of tying ropes were endowed with mystical properties, were used in the lives of representatives of all walks of life. There were also civilizations in which taboos were imposed on them. The most famous example of the latter is Ancient Rome: priests in the temple of Jupiter were forbidden to have at least one knot in their clothes.

Many peoples of the world had cult, sacred knots: the Chinese “knot of happiness”, the emblem of the tribe of Judah in Judaism, tying a lock of hair and tying a knot in the beard among the Arabs, and others.

Background

The development of sailing gave a big impetus to knitting - the need for reliable and convenient "tools" created a whole collection of new knots. Another big shift has taken place in XIX-XX centuries with the development of tourism.

By that time, sailing had become a hobby, and nautical knots simply fell into disuse - now only about 38 knots are studied in nautical schools. Meanwhile, in Ashley's Book of Knots, published in 1944, 700 ways of tying ropes are described, and the maximum known number reaches 4000. However, when tourists appeared, everything changed.

"Eight"

One of the simplest stop knots, which has several undeniable advantages: it is easy to knit, it looks beautiful, tightens itself, does not spoil the rope too much. It is not suitable for use under load, as in this case it is strongly tightened and, as a result, it is difficult to untie it.

The figure eight, like the straight knot, has been known since antiquity. There is a similar loop with the same name, which is used in mountaineering mainly to secure the carabiner to the main rope.

What are the nodes based on the "eight"? In general, it serves as an element of many more complex knittings, for example, oncoming and double "eight".

To properly tie a marine knot, first of all, you need to remember that the fixed end of the rope is called the root, and the movable end is called the running one. There are several simple examples knitting, which will be useful both at home and during outdoor activities.

It is also called gazebo and belongs to the fundamental knots. It contains elements of several schemes, which gives it universal properties: the mount allows mooring, securing sailors, fixing the rope to the hook. Bowline is very reliable, it can be used with almost all ropes, regardless of material and thickness. The arbor is quickly tied and easily untied (but not spontaneously), it does not slip, and when used in marine conditions, it shows high reliability.

Knitting pattern maritime knot for beginners:

Form a loop from top to bottom.
Pass through it the running end from the bottom up.
Spend the running behind the root and again skip into the loop.
When the running end is enclosed in the resulting small loop, the rope must be tightly tightened.

To untie the bowline, it is enough to slightly shift the loop in the direction from the running to the root end.

Knitting a marine knot figure eight

This is a typical modification, which got its name due to its characteristic shape. The figure eight is usually performed to form a stopper or stable attachment. The main plus is that it is easy to deal with, even if the rope gets wet.

How to knit a marine knot:

Circle the running end of the root, pull the first one from above so that you get a loop.
Pierce the resulting loop with the running end so that it can then be brought in for itself.
Tighten.

Formed beautiful knot with rounded outlines of the eight.

Knitting pattern for a straight sea knot

One of the oldest modifications, in ancient Greece, the knot was called Hercules. With it, you can firmly connect two ropes that have approximately the same diameter. But the scheme cannot be called reliable: under heavy loads, the junction will stretch excessively, often it slides along the cable. It is not recommended for use in critical situations and when activities involving immersion in water are planned.

Classic technique:

Take 2 running ends of the cables, one should cover the second.
The other end forms an open loop.
It is necessary to stretch the rope into this loop so that the first end is also braided.
Tighten both ropes.

There is a subspecies of the direct knot - reef, it is distinguished by the ability to quickly untie.

Half bayonet and bayonet

The half-bayonet is not tightened, to perform it, the object on which it is planned to fix the cable is wrapped with the running end, circled around the root and passed through the formed loop. Then both ends are fastened together. The unit is able to withstand a lot of weight, is reliable.

With the help of a bayonet, the mooring ends are fixed and towing is performed. It is based on 3 half-bayonets - this amount is enough for any purpose. It cannot be considered that 4 or 5 half-bayonets are stronger, the effect when used will be the same.

How to tie a sea knot with a fishing bayonet

This variation has ancient roots, it has survived to this day due to the fact that it allows you to fix the rope at anchor as tightly as possible, it is adapted for all types of manipulations in conditions of strong traction. Initially, you need to fix the cable on the object with the help of an additional hose, then you can begin to form half-bayonets. The first of them must capture the hose encircling the base.

If the ends of the rope are not visible, outwardly this knot cannot be distinguished from a straight one. It got its name due to the fact that this similarity was actively used on ships in order to identify the fact of theft of personal property of sailors, provisions. The connection is used mainly for domestic purposes, since when tensioned, the knot can spontaneously untie.

Procedure:

The running end of the first rope is folded into a loop.
The second cable is threaded into this loop in such a way as to capture the root and running ends, and lead out in the opposite direction.
Tighten both double ends.

Indicative cords are often attached in this way.

How to tie a woman's and mother-in-law's sea knot: a simple diagram

The variations are extremely similar: these are two erroneous ways of forming a thieves knot. The names “baby” and “mother-in-law” are based on the specifics of everyday use - they are widely used to connect ropes, but they do not take into account the unreliability and even some danger of sliding fastening.

Knitting a sea knot is not difficult: two running ends are passed through each other in different directions and duplicate this action in a mirror image.

Professional sailors and adherents of an active lifestyle demonstrate the woman's knot only for educational purposes, since its use in the field is fraught with injury and property damage.

The mother-in-law's knot differs from the woman's knot in that here the ends of the cable come from the finished combination in a diagonal direction. The modification was first used in European countries in shipping, but subsequently it was replaced by more practical and stronger knitting options that do not have the ability to spontaneously untie. Now in practice it can be found only in subsidiary farm as an auxiliary link for the packaging of raw materials and foodstuffs.

To perform the mother-in-law knot, you should:

Form an incomplete loop from the running end of one rope.
Draw the second end into the loop from top to bottom, go around the first rope and bring it out.

Even if tightened tightly, there is a high probability that with further tension the ligament will open.

Types and methods of performing a noose knot

The noose knot can be performed in straight, flat, fishing variations. In the first case, a strong bond is formed, which increases the strength when wet.

Knitting pattern:

Form an open loop on the rope: give it the shape of the letter "s" and proceed to the formation of turns, located as close as possible in relation to each other.
Thread the running end into the lower eye left after winding the rope.
Tighten.

The carabiner choke has a narrow scope - it is popular with professional climbers. Here, the running end is fixed on the carabiner with an 8-shaped connection, the remaining part of the rope, if necessary, can be passed through the carabiner with coverage of the support, say, a tree.

The noose on the support is knitted as follows: the rope covers the support, enters the loop and wraps around it 3 times, then passes into the small loop. Even if the rope is wet, a stable connection is formed that can be used without support.

All marine knots, despite the characteristic name of the category, are widely used in everyday life. Thieves, mother-in-law and women - a quick opportunity to pull the neck of the bag, a noose with a skillful approach helps in working with loads and sports. All variations of bayonets allow you to quickly fix the rope on a stationary support. It must be remembered that the strength of the connection depends not only on the skill of tying, but also on the strength of the rope.

Types of nodes and their application

TO Category:

Slinging cargo

Types of nodes and their application

When performing repairs and installation work metallurgical equipment, as well as when performing one-time lifting and moving individual loads, the manufacture of special complex devices is expensive, laborious and takes a lot of time.

When performing such work, the slinger, as a rule, uses pieces of rope or universal slings, using various knots and loops for slinging the load.

A straight knot is used when lifting a load and for tying the ends of sling ropes of the same thickness. To link it, the ends of the ropes are wrapped around one another, bent into reverse directions and again enclose in the same way. You should pay attention to the correct knitting of the knot: for a correctly tied knot, the running and root ends of each rope should be on the same side. A common mistake when knitting this knot is the wrong direction of the second run-out of the running ends, as a result of which the running and root ends are located on opposite sides of the loops. It must be borne in mind that a straight knot with a large tension is strongly tightened and it is very difficult to untie it. To protect the rope from sharp bends and for ease of untying, a piece of pipe or a wooden block is laid between the loops of the knot. The loaded ends of the ropes under tension should be in one straight line so that the knot of spliced steel ropes does not spontaneously untie under load, the free ends are attached to the root clamps or tied with wire:

The reef knot is a variation of the straight knot. It is designed for knitting hemp ropes, ropes and cords when it is required to quickly untie it. When lifting heavy loads, this node is not used. Such a knot is tied in the same way as a straight one, but at the same time one of the free ends of the rope is inserted into the corresponding loop folded in half, which allows you to quickly untie the knot by pulling out one end. When knitting a reef knot, attention should be paid to correct position ends in loops.

Rice. 1. Knots for tying cargo: a - straight; b - reef; c - simple bayonet; g-bayonet with two hoses; d - bayonet with a run-out; e - bayonet with two hoses and a run-out; f-marine (non-tightening loop); h - carpentry knot (noose); and - dead loop; k - flat knot; l - shortening loops to reduce the length of the lines; (/-IV-sequence of knitting positions of the knot)

The bayonet knot is used when tying steel ropes, for tying vegetable and steel ropes to various objects, loads that have eyes, butts, trunnions, racks, etc., when a direct knot cannot be used. The free end of the rope is attached to the root with clamps or wire. A simple bayonet is knitted as follows; the running end, wound up behind the eye or circled around the rack, is carried around the root of the rope and passed into the loop formed. In this case, a half-bayonet is formed. This operation is repeated 1-2 times, and the running end is firmly attached to the main end with a soft wire. A bayonet with two hoses is used for fastening steel ropes to other objects and in cases where the rope is subjected to strong tension. When tying a knot, the free running end is wrapped around the object twice and then knitted like a simple bayonet, with the free end attached to the root. A bayonet with a run-out is used in the same cases as a bayonet with two hoses. However, it should not be used for tying steel ropes due to a strong break in the loop.

The marine knot is used to form temporary non-tightening loops when lifting, hanging on a hook, pulling loads, when attaching ropes to large parts. The knot holds the load well, it is easy and simple to untie, the free end does not require special fastening.

A carpenter's knot - a noose - is used to knit the ends of hemp ropes when lifting light loads. It tightens tightly, holds well, and is convenient when lifting smooth objects. To tie it, the end of the rope is wrapped around the object, around the root part (!) And, wrapping around the slag applied to the object several times, form a knot (III).

To increase the strength of the node, it can be supplemented with a separate slag (IV). In this case, the knot is called a noose with a hose.

The dead loop is used when slinging various heavy and light loads, small-sized and bulky structures with universal and lightweight slings for lifting and moving. The dead loop firmly clamps the object, easily lifts it, and is easily untied. For hanging the rope to the crane hook, such a loop is not used, since its spontaneous detachment is possible. When using a dead loop for slinging a load at one end of the loop rope, it must be laid close, leaving a free end with a length of at least 20 rope diameters.

A flat knot is used for tying ropes of various thicknesses (with a ratio of diameters of 1: 2), as well as for tying steel ropes, since in this case the rope is subjected to less constriction and breaks than with other knots. It is more convenient to tie this knot by spreading the ends of the ropes on a flat surface. The end of the thicker cable is laid in the form of a loop, and the thinner one is placed under the loop and sequentially passed from above the root end under the running end of the thick rope. Then a thin rope is passed from above the loop of a thick rope, but under its root part. After that, the running ends of the ropes are tied with half bayonets (loops around the root parts) and secured with a thin line or soft wire in the case of steel ropes.

Knot for reducing the length of the sling. Knit a knot as follows. The shortened sling is laid on a flat surface and two loops are made (I), then one loop is wrapped around the other (II) and both loops are placed on the hook (III). After that, the sling is shortened by the length of one loop (IV). The knot unties itself after removing the loops from the hook.

Hook knots are used to attach the free end of the rope to the hook. The running end is circled around the back of the hook, laid in the throat and covered with the root part of the rope (Fig. 2, a). Both ends of the rope are fastened under the hook with soft wire. For better retention of the rope when knitting a knot, the running end is wrapped around the back of the hook twice (Fig. 2, b), and also led into the mouth of the hook and covered with the root of the rope. A knot tied in this way is called a hook knot. After tying knots in both ways, be sure to check the position of the root of the rope, which should press the running end to the hook in its throat.

Rice. 2. Hook knots: a - simple; b - hook with an overlap; in - without loops with an overlap; g - without loops: d - double; e - without loops with a simple overlay on a two-horned hook; g - the same, with a cross overlay; h - without loops with a cross overlay for the spindle of a two-horned hook; and the same, with a simple overlay; k - without loops with a cross overlay with an overlap on a two-horned hook; l - without loops, overlay of valuable slings on a two-horned hook (/ - before; // - after tightening)

Crane hook knots are used when putting on slings on two-horned crane hooks. There are three ways to tie a knot. In all cases, the slings should be aligned at low stresses. With a simple overlay of slings on the horns of the hooks (Fig. 2, c-e), the slings under the hook for shortening and increasing the safety of the work are seized by a stopper made of steel rope splashing in the form of a ring. The length of the stopper must be such that when the slings are stretched, it holds them and at the same time cannot be broken off when the slings are tensioned. With a cross overlay (Fig. 2, g), the slings lie on the opposite horns of the hook, while one of the slings presses the other.

The overlay on the two horns of the hook (Fig. 2, h) is the most reliable. It is used in the event that rocking of the load is possible. At the same time, the slings are wound in such a way that each of them covers the hook spindle and lies on its both horns. When winding, the slings are grasped under the hook with a stopper.

TO category: - Cargo slinging

June 1st, 2016

I remembered and re-read the topic about. But I don’t know how to tie sea knots at all, even the simplest ones.

However, the skill is useful and you never know exactly when it will come in handy. That's why I decided to start learning something. Where do we start?

Let's try with these as they say simple and useful options:

flat knot

It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep and does not spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.

The name "flat knot" came into our maritime language from French. He introduced it for the first time in his "Dictionary maritime terms» famous French shipbuilder Daniel Lascalier in 1783. But the knot was, of course, known to sailors of all countries long before that. What it was called before, we do not know. It has long been considered one of the most reliable knots for tying cables of different thicknesses. They even tied anchor hemp ropes and mooring lines.
Having eight weaves, the flat knot never tightens too much, does not creep and does not spoil the cable, since it does not have sharp bends, and the load on the cables is evenly distributed over the knot. After removing the load on the cable, this knot is easy to untie.
The principle of a flat knot lies in its shape: it is really flat, and this makes it possible to choose the cables connected by it on the drums of capstans and windlasses, on the welps of which its shape does not interfere with the even overlap of subsequent hoses.

In marine practice, there are two options for knitting this knot: a loose knot with tacking of its free running ends to the root or half-bayonets at their ends and without such a tack when the knot is tightened. A flat knot tied in the first way (in this form it is called the “Josephine knot”) on two cables of different thicknesses almost does not change its shape even with very high traction and is easily untied when the load is removed. The second knitting method is used for tying thinner than anchor ropes and mooring lines, cables, with the same or almost the same thickness. At the same time, it is recommended to first tighten the tied flat knot with your hands so that it does not twist with a sharp pull. After that, when a load is given to the connected cable, the knot crawls and twists for some time, but, having stopped, it holds firmly. It unties without attachment special efforts shift of loops covering the root ends.
As already mentioned, a flat knot has eight weaves of cables and it would seem that it can be tied in different ways - there are 256 different options for tying it. But practice shows that not every knot from this number, tied according to the principle of a flat knot (alternating intersection of the opposite ends “under and over”), will hold securely. Ninety percent of them are unreliable, and some are even dangerous for tying cables designed for strong traction. Its principle depends on changing the sequence of intersection of the connected cables in a flat knot, and it is enough to slightly change this sequence, as the knot gets other negative qualities.

In many textbooks and reference books on maritime practice published in our country and abroad, the flat knot is depicted in different ways and in most cases incorrectly. This happens both due to the negligence of the authors, and due to the fault of the graphs, which, redrawing the knot scheme from the author's sketches in one color, cannot always make out whether the end passes over or under the other end. Here is one of the best forms of a flat knot, tested and tested by practice. Other valid variants of this node are deliberately not given by the author so as not to scatter the reader's attention and not give him the opportunity to confuse the scheme of this node with any other. Before putting this knot into practice for any responsible business, you must first remember exactly its scheme and tie the cables exactly along it without any, even the most insignificant deviations. Only in this case, the flat knot will serve you faithfully and will not let you down.
This marine knot is indispensable for tying two cables (even steel ones, on which a significant effort will be applied, for example, when pulling a heavy truck stuck in mud on half a wheel with a tractor).

Eight

This classic knot forms the basis of a dozen other, more complex knots for various purposes. It can be used as a stopper at the end of the cable (unlike a simple knot, it does not damage the cable even with strong pull and can always be easily untied) or, for example, for rope handles of a wooden bucket or tub. You can even fasten the strings to the tuning pegs of violins, guitars and other musical instruments with a figure eight.

Portuguese bowline

It is used when you need to tie two loops at one end at once. For example, to lift a wounded person, his legs are threaded into loops, and with the root end (when knitting knots, they act as the so-called running ends of the cables, and those ends around which the running ends are wrapped are called root) around the chest under the armpits a half bayonet is knitted. In this case, the person will not fall out, even if he is unconscious.

Improved Dagger Knot

In foreign rigging practice, this knot is considered one of the best knots for tying two large diameter cables. It is not very complicated in its scheme and is quite compact when tightened.

It is most convenient to tie it if you first lay the running end of the cable in the form of a figure of the number 8 on top of the main one. After that, thread the elongated running end of the second cable into loops, pass it under the middle intersection of the figure-eight and bring it out over the second intersection of the first cable. Next, the running end of the second cable must be passed under the root end of the first cable and inserted into the figure-eight loop, as the arrow indicates. When the knot is tightened, the two running ends of both cables stick out in different directions. The dagger knot is easy to untie if one of the extreme loops is loosened.

Flemish loop

It is a strong and easily untied loop at the end of the cable, being tied in a figure eight on a cable folded in half. The Flemish loop is suitable for knitting on both thick and thin cables. It almost does not weaken the strength of the cable. In addition to maritime affairs, it can also be used for fastening the strings of musical instruments.

flemish knot

In fact, this is the same figure eight, but tied with two ends. The Flemish knot is one of the oldest maritime knots used on ships to connect two cables, both thin and thick.

The Flemish knot is one of the oldest maritime knots, which has found its application both at sea and on land. Also, this type of knot has a second name - the oncoming figure eight. This knot originated in Europe about 800 years ago. This knot is quite strong and easy to untie and easily fastens thick cables and ropes, as well as thin ropes and threads.

We bend one end of the rope and make a loop, draw it under the main rope and make a second loop;
We thread the end of the rope into the first loop of the resulting figure eight;
Similar actions, only in mirror image, we carry out with the end of the second rope;
With proper knitting, you should get an interlaced figure eight;
We tighten the knot;
Flemish knot - ready!

Fishing bayonet

For five thousand years of the existence of shipping, people could not come up with a more reliable knot for tying an anchor rope to an anchor than a fishing bayonet. This proven by centuries of experience maritime practice the knot can also be safely used in all cases when working with cables, when they are subject to strong traction.
Read on Don "t Panic: http://dnpmag.com/2016/05/29/10-samyx-poleznyx-morskix-uzlov/

Stop knot

This type of marine knot is designed to increase the diameter of the cable to prevent it from slipping out of the block, as it does not slip and holds securely. To make the stop knot even larger (for example, when the diameter of the hole through which the cable passes is much larger than the diameter of the cable), you can tie a knot with three loops. It can also come in handy when you need to make a convenient handle at the end of the cable.

noose

It has long been one of the most indispensable nodes in sailing fleet. Logs were tied with a noose in the water for towing, it was used to load objects cylindrical in shape, rails and telegraph poles were loaded. Moreover, this knot, proven by centuries of experience at sea, has long been used on the shore - not in vain on many foreign languages it is called "forest knot" or "log knot". The garrote with half-bayonets is a reliable and very strong knot that tightens exceptionally tightly around the object being lifted.

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