European Union. european union eu flag motto: harmony in diversity the member states of the european union. Presentation on the history of the creation of the European Union

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European Union

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The European Union includes 27 states:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and Estonia.

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The EU has its own official symbols
- flag and anthem. The flag was approved in 1986 and is a blue rectangular cloth with a length to height ratio of 1.5: 1, in the center of which there are 12 golden stars in a circle. This flag was first raised in front of the European Commission in Brussels on May 29, 1986. The EU anthem is Ludwig van Beethoven's "Ode to Joy", a fragment of his Ninth Symphony (which is also the anthem of another pan-European organization - the Council of Europe).

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President of the European Council
Herman Van Rompuy (at the G8 Summit) Office since December 1, 2009 Head of the European Council Appointed by the qualified majority of the European Council Term of office 2.5 years re-elected Salary 298 495.44 € per year New position 2009 First in office Herman Van Rompuy
Belgian Van Rompuy took office in 2009, when the Lisbon Treaty entered into force. His first term ended on May 31, 2012. On March 1, 2012, Herman Van Rompuy was unanimously re-elected for a second term from June 1, 2012 to November 30, 2014.

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Although the EU does not have an official capital (the member states alternately chair the Community for six months according to the Latin alphabet), most of the main EU institutions are located in Brussels (Belgium). In addition, some EU bodies are located in Luxembourg, Strasbourg, Frankfurt am Main and other major cities.

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European Union (EU, EU)
economic and political union of 27 European states. Aimed at regional integration, the Union was legally enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty in 1992.

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Industry Union 1951-1957
During its existence, European integration has undergone a number of qualitative metamorphoses. In 1951, the initial "cell" of the future Union was the Sectoral Consolidation of Coal and Steel (ECSC) - the Treaty of Paris, when two basic sectors of the economies of six countries were cartelized. The EEC-6 Union was joined by: France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg. For the first time, the national governments of these countries voluntarily delegated part of their sovereignty, albeit in a clearly defined area, to a supranational organization.

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Free Trade Zone 1958-1968
In 1957, the same countries signed the historic Rome Treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community. The Treaty of Rome, together with the Treaty of Paris, created the institutional foundations of the European Community. The EEC was founded on January 1, 1958, when the treaties entered into force. All contracts had a single goal - the economic growth and a higher standard of living based on the political union of the peoples of Europe. All three Communities (EEC, ECSC, Euratom) had a common Parliamentary Assembly and Court. In 1958 R. Schumann, an active organizer of European unity, was elected Chairman of the Assembly.

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Customs Union 1968-1986
In accordance with Article 9 of the Rome Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, the basis of the Community is the customs union, which covers all trade in goods and provides for the prohibition of import and export duties and any fees equivalent in terms of consequences in the trade relations of the Member States, as well as the establishment of a single customs tariff in relations with third countries. So the creation customs union had two aspects - internal and external.

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Common Market 1986-1992
Since 1987, in accordance with the decisions of the Single European Act, the countries of the European Union are entering the stage of the Common Market. Within the Community, not only goods are actually moving, but also all other factors of production: services, capital, etc. In other words, a common market space is being formed. The full functioning of the latter is impossible without the creation of a single monetary and financial space.

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The established supranational governance structure of the European Union includes:
European Council (decision-making body) European Parliament (representative and advisory body) EU Council of Ministers (legislative body) European Commission ( executive agency) European Court of Justice (judicial authority), European Union Chamber of Auditors (supervisory authority) European Center a number of funds and other institutional structures.

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The jurisdiction of the European Union includes issues related to, inter alia, the common market, the customs union, the single currency (while maintaining their own currency by some of the members), the common agricultural policy and the common fisheries policy.

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Integration development stages
World practice shows that national economies are converging in stages, moving from a simple stage of integration to a more complex one according to the scheme: free trade zone> customs union> common market> economic and monetary unions> full economic and political integration.

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The main declared goals of the Union include:
1.Promoting economic and social progress and high employment levels, achieving balanced and sustainable development, especially through the creation of a space without internal borders, through economic and social cohesion and the creation of an Economic and Monetary Union, ultimately including the introduction of a single currency; 2. contributing to the assertion of the identity of the Union in the international arena, especially through the implementation of a common foreign and security policy, including the progressive formation of a common defense policy that could lead to a common defense; 3. strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of citizens of the Member States through the introduction of citizenship of the Union; 4. preservation and development of the Union as a space of freedom, security and legality, in which the free movement of persons is ensured in conjunction with appropriate measures of control at external borders, granting asylum, immigration, preventing and combating crime; 5.to fully maintain and build upon the achievements of the Communities

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In 1994, referendums on EU membership were held in Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The majority of Norwegians again vote against. Austria, Finland (with the Aland Islands) and Sweden become EU members on January 1, 1995. Only Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Liechtenstein remain members of the European Free Trade Association.

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May 1, 2004 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta became members of the European Union.

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On December 17, 2005, the official status of a candidate for accession to the EU was granted to Macedonia.

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Freedom of movement of persons means that a citizen of the European Union can freely move between countries of the Union for the purpose of residence (including retirement, work and study. The provision of these opportunities includes the facilitation of formalities when moving and the mutual recognition of professional qualifications.
EU members use a standardized burgundy passport design showing the member country, coat of arms and the word “European Union” in the country's official language (s).

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In non-cash payments, the euro was introduced on January 1, 1999; in cash since January 1, 2002. Cash euros replaced the national currencies of 13 (out of 27) countries of the European Union. (in brackets - the national currency before the introduction of the euro): Austria (Austrian schilling) Belgium (Belgian franc) Germany (Deutsche Mark) Greece (Greek drachma) Ireland (Irish pound) Spain (Spanish peseta) Italy (Italian lira) Luxembourg (Luxembourgish franc) ) Netherlands (Dutch guilder) Portugal (escudo) Finland (Finnish mark) France (French franc)

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In addition, the euro was also introduced into circulation: In the dwarf states of Europe, which are not formally part of the European Union (Vatican, San Marino, Andorra and Monaco) In the overseas departments of France (Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion) On the islands included to Portugal (Madeira and Azores) In the Serbian province of Kosovo, controlled by an international peacekeeping force In Montenegro.
Montenegro
Monaco

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However, the euro has not been introduced in the following countries and territories (the currency used in brackets): Liechtenstein (microstate of Europe) (Swiss franc) Netherlands Antilles (autonomous region of the Netherlands) (Antillean guilder) Aruba (autonomous region of the Netherlands) (Aruba florin)

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Russia and the EU
Since 2003, economic relations between the EU and Russia have been governed by the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA). The European Union is Russia's main trading partner. The EU accounts for 54% of Russian imports and 39% of Russian exports. After the enlargement of the European Union, Russia's exports to the EU will account for over 50% of its total exports. Russia's share in foreign trade The EU is also significant. In 2008 Russia was the fifth trade partner of the EU after the USA, Switzerland, Japan and China.

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creation of the Schengen area
The Schengen Agreement is an agreement on the abolition of passport and customs control of a number of states of the "European Union", originally signed on June 14, 1985 by five European states (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Germany). It entered into force on March 26, 1995. The agreement was signed in Schengen, a small town in Luxembourg. Since then, several other states have joined the agreement; as of the end of 2007, the agreement was signed by 30 states and is actually valid (with the abolition of border controls) in 25 states: Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands , Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia.

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Categories of visas
* Category A. Airport transit visa. Issued to those who fly in transit through a Schengen country. It implies a permit to stay in the transit territory of the airport zone of the participating country, but does not give the right to move within the country. * Category B. Transit visa, which gives its holder the right to travel one, two or, as an exception, several times through the territory of one of the Schengen member states en route to a third state, and the duration of the transit stay cannot exceed five days. Not issued since 05/04/2010. Replaced by an ordinary short-term visa "C" with the mark "transit", * Category C. Tourist visa valid for one or more entries, and the duration of continuous stay or the total duration of several stays, starting from the moment of the first entry , cannot exceed three months within six months. This type of visa is not available to citizens of states that have a visa-free agreement * Category D. National visas for a period of stay exceeding 90 days, but not exceeding 365 days. * Category C + D. A visa that combines the 2 previous categories. Such a visa is issued by one of the Schengen states for a long-term stay for a period not exceeding 365 days in the territory of the state that issued the visa. In addition, it allows its holders to stay in all Schengen countries for the first 3 months

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In addition to these types of visas in some of the Schengen Conventions, there are also other types of visas, the appearance of which is associated with the use of the flexibilities of the Schengen system. * FTD (UTD) and FRTD (UTD-ZhD). Simplified transit document. A special type of visa issued only for transit between the main territory of Russia and the Kaliningrad region. * LTV category. Limited territorial validity visa. Short-term or transit visas issued at the border in exceptional cases. Such a visa gives the right of transit (LTV B) or entry (LTV C) only to the territory of the country or Schengen countries in which it is valid.

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The current stage of integration is characterized by the following features:
the scale of the expansion; low socio-economic level of candidate countries; strengthening the urgent need for institutional reform in the EU; priority of political considerations over economic ones.

Block 2. Areas of interaction between Russia and the EU: economics. Topic 5. Relations between the EU and the Russian Federation in the trade and investment sphere Dynamics of volumes, characteristics and significance of trade between the EU and Russia. ATP articles related to trade and investment. The practice of the European Union's application of anti-dumping measures against Russian exports. Other methods of restricting imports from Russia. Restrictions on trade with the European Union by the Russian government. Russia, EU and WTO. Current problems of trade relations. Dynamics, structure and problems of investment flows. Evolution of principles, goals, directions of EU policy to promote economic reform in Russia within the framework of the TACIS program. Russia and the Financial Instrument of the Neighborhood Policy. 2001 initiative to create a common economic space (CES). Roadmap for EIA 2005: goals and activities. Progress and problems of the implementation of the "Road Map" of the OEP. OEP and Partnership for Modernization. Topic 6. Interaction between the EU and Russia in the oil and gas sector. Interaction between the USSR and Western European countries in the energy sector. EU and Energy Reform in Russia. Russia, the EU and the "Charter Process". Investments of European TNCs in Russian economy... Creation in the 1990s. new pipelines for the supply of Russian energy resources to Europe. Factors in the establishment of the EU-RF Energy Dialogue mechanism. Goals, tasks, forms, levels, directions of interaction within the framework of the "Energy Dialogue". Characterization and assessment of the results and prospects of "Energy Dialogue". Features of the modern Russian approach to interaction with the EU in the energy sector. Competition between Russia and the EU in relation to producer and transit countries. The impact of the "energy wars" of the Russian Federation with Ukraine and Belarus on relations with the EU.

The EU is an international entity that combines the characteristics of an international organization and a state, but formally it is neither one nor the other. The Union is a subject of public international law, has the authority to participate in international relations and plays an important role in them.

1993-economic + political union-Maastricht agreements-EU and the “Three pillars” of the EU: 1.economy, 2.foreign policy and security, 3.justice and domestic affairs Sweden Finland Austria

1999-Amsterdam Treaty - confirmation of the "three pillars". Introduced into circulation EURO Nice agreement on the participation of new states in the work of the EU. 1 May 2004 - Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Slovenia 1 January 2007 - Romania Malta Hungary Cyprus Bulgaria

European Council Political Directions. Consists of the heads of state and government of the EU member states. European Parliament Council of Ministers European Commission European Court of Justice Adopts legislation, political control. 626 deputies. Direct general elections. For 5 years. Strasbourg. Brussels. Secretariat in Luxembourg. Adopts legislative acts. Ministers of States. Brussels. Legislative initiative, supervision over the observance of EU rights. One representative each, from large states - two. Siim Kallas. Brussels. Interprets legal acts, resolves disputes. Strasbourg.

The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. Twenty members of the Commission (two representatives from each of the 5 major member countries - France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain and Spain and one from each of the 10 small countries - Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria, Portugal , Finland and Sweden) are appointed for five years by national governments, but are completely independent in the performance of their duties. The composition of the Commission is approved by the European Parliament. The European Union The European Parliament

Rotation order of the Chairmanship: Ireland January 1 - June 30, 2004 Netherlands July 1 - December 31, 2004 Luxembourg January 1 - June 30, 2005 United Kingdom July 1 - December 31, 2005 Austria January 1 - June 30, 2006 Finland July 1 - December 31, 2006 Germany January 1 - June 30, 2007 Portugal July 1 - 31 December 2007 Slovenia 1 January - 30 June 2008 France 1 July - 31 December 2008 Czech Republic 1 January - 30 June 2009 Sweden 1 July - 31 December 2009 Spain 1 January - 30 June 2010 Belgium 1 July - 31 December 2010 Hungary 1 January - 30 June 2011 Poland 1 July - 31 December 2011 Denmark 1 January to 30 June 2012 Cyprus 1 July to 31 December 2012 Ireland 1 January to 30 June 2013 Lithuania 1 July to 31 December 2013 Greece 1 January to 30 June 2014 Italy 1 July to 31 December 2014 Latvia 1 January to 30 June 2015 Luxembourg 1 July to 31 December 2015 Netherlands 1 January - 30 June 2016 Slovakia 1 July - 31 December 2016 Malta 1 January - 30 June 2017 United Kingdom 1 July - 31 December 2017 Estonia 1 January - 30 June 2018

The Council of Ministers of the EU should not be confused with the Council of Europe, which is an international organization, and the European Council, which includes the Heads of State or Government of the 15 member states of the European Union and the President of the European Commission. According to the regulations, the European Council meets twice a year (usually in June and December). During these meetings, the general situation and the most important problems of the EU are discussed, priority areas of activity are determined, programs and decisions of a strategic nature are adopted. The meetings are held in the state that currently presides over the Council.

Estonia has 6 representatives in the European Parliament: Katrin Sachs (SDPE), Marianne Mikko and Andres Tarand from the Estonian Social Democratic Party (faction of the European Socialist Party), Siiri Oviir from the Center Party, Toomas Savi from the Reform Party (both are members of the Party of European Liberal Democrats and Reformists) and Tunne Kelam from the Union of the Fatherland (European People's Party faction - Christian Democrats).

Parliament has the right to dissolve the European Commission (which, however, it never used). Parliamentary approval is also required when accepting new members to the Community, as well as when concluding associate membership agreements and trade agreements with third countries. The Parliament appoints an Ombudsman, empowered to accept complaints concerning EU institutions or bodies, and to submit reports to Parliament. The last elections to the European Parliament were held in 1999. The European Parliament holds plenary sessions in Strasbourg (France) and Brussels (Belgium).

The European Court of Justice meets in Luxembourg and is the EU's highest court. The Court regulates disagreements between Member States; between Member States and the European Union itself; between EU institutions; between the EU and individuals or legal entities, including employees of its bodies. The court gives opinions on international agreements; he also makes preliminary judgments in cases referred to him by the domestic courts, however, which are not legally binding. Of course, its jurisdiction does not include areas not covered by EU treaties, for example, criminal law.

The Court of Accounts began work in 1977 with the aim of conducting an audit of the budget of the European Union and the institutions it created. It consists of 15 members, elected for six years and completely independent in their activities. The Accounts Chamber is located in Luxembourg.

The European Investment Bank was established in 1958 in accordance with the Treaty of Rome. Its task is to provide financial assistance to the balanced and sustainable development of the common market in the interests of the Union. The Bank provides loans and guarantees for projects that are of interest to the Union as a whole and for several member states and / or in their scale cannot be fully financed from the own resources of the EU member states. The bank's board, consisting of the finance or economy ministers of 15 member countries, approves the main directions of the credit policy. The Board of Directors (25 members) is responsible for the management of the bank, approves loans and credits. The bank is located in Luxembourg.

The Economic and Social Committee is an advisory body to the EU and oversees the functioning of the single internal market. The committee consists of 222 members who represent various sectors of the economy and social groups and are independent in the performance of their duties. The members of the Committee are appointed by the Council by unanimous decision for a period of 4 years. The committee meets once a month in Brussels.

The Committee of the Regions, an advisory body to the Council of Ministers and the Commission, began its work in 1994. The Committee consists of 222 members - representatives of regional and local authorities, completely independent in the performance of their duties. The committee gives opinions on all issues affecting the interests of the regions. Plenary sessions are held in Brussels 5 times a year.

European Parliament -: Information Office Political Groups - Links to other parliaments - Council of the European Union -: Page of the President of the European Union - European Commission -: Directorate-General External Relations Overview of relations between the European Union and the Republic of Belarus European Social Fund - Office of Statistics of the European Communities - Joint Research Center - Other Agencies and Institutions - Translation Center - European Environment Information and Observation Network - Information Service - Centers for European Documentation - European Development Center vocational education- Project office information society(ISPO) - Court - Chamber of Auditors - European Central Bank - Economic and Social Committee - Committee of the Regions - European Investment Bank - Publications Office EUR-OP - Official EU journals, treaties, legislation (EUR-Lex) - Supplement to the Official Journal of the EU, daily electronic tenders- European Ombudsman - European Police Office (EUROPOL) - Who's Who in the European Union? - Interinstitutional Directory - European University - Historical Archives of the European Communities -

Euro Page - Dialogue with Citizens and Business - Online Governments - Council of Europe -: Information Center of the Council of Europe in Russia - Parliamentary Assembly - European Court of Human Rights - European Council of Municipalities and Regions - Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe - Organization for Economic cooperation and development - European Youth Parliament - European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicines - European Education Fund - Delegation of the European Commission to Belarus - Delegation of the European Commission to Ukraine - Delegation of the European Commission to Russia - Center for European Documentation (Moldova) - Center of European Union Law, Chair European Union Law Moscow State Law Academy - Russian-European Center for Economic Policy (RECEP) - Russian site of European Documentation Centers - Europe by Satellite - Full description of satellite reception capabilities and the CELEX (Communitatis Europeae Lex) news service of the European Union is an extensive source of information on European Union legislation. Contains full texts legislative acts adopted on the basis of the constituent treaties, decisions of EU institutions and advisory bodies, court cases of the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance. CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service - Information Service research works in the European Community) - The purpose of the CORDIS information base is to disseminate complete information about research activities and scientific and technical developments in the European Community for the widest audience. The database is an important source of information for various institutions: research institutes, industrial enterprises, small businesses, universities that wish to take part in EU research programs, get acquainted with the latest news on research and development, find a partner for joint research work. ECLAS (European Commission Library Automated System) EUDOR (European Union Document Delivery Service on the WEB) - EUDOR - a repository of documents of the European Union, which is an interactive (on-line) form of information provision on the official publications of the EU institutions. Contains data published in the Official Journal of the EU, series L, C... EUROPA (The European Union on the Information Highway) - EUROPA - The most comprehensive database on all aspects of European integration. Affordable and easy to use, it promotes the openness of PROSOMA (Turning Innovation into Business) institutions - Database created to support the Program information technologies ESPRIT provides a link between program participants who have contributed to the development of the technological base of the information society and those who can benefit from these advances. REM (Radioactivity Environmental Monitoring - Monitoring of radioactivity

Other useful links: (environment) - The database contains the results of observations of the state of radioactivity in the environment in the EU member states after the Chernobyl accident - regarding air, radioactive fallout, water, food, taking into account the obligations of the member states under the Treaty establishing European Atomic Energy Community. The information contains data for the 15 EU member states and, to a lesser extent (environment and food), for other European countries. The total amount of data exceeds the records, of which it can be provided to foreign users. SCADPlus (Practical Information for European Citizens) - The purpose of the database is to provide practical assistance to European citizens in understanding European Union policies. It offers synopses of articles from periodicals around the world on the EU. It can be useful for employees (professionals of all levels), teachers and students, as well as all those who are interested in the affairs of the European Union. TED (Tenders Electronic Daily - Daily Tender Information) TED offers tenders for government (public) works and supply contracts not only for EU member states, but also for Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific countries, countries that are associated EU members, and those that do not have it (Japan, USA). Traditionally, these types of tenders are offered: work, supplies, services

Council of Europe. May 5 Strasbourg (France). Estonia was accepted in 1993. Protection of human rights.

Estonia to NATO. At the Prague Summit in November 2002, Estonia, together with Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, received an official invitation to begin negotiations on joining the Alliance. The negotiations, which began in December 2002, were completed on March 26, 2003 with the signing of the accession protocols. Estonia, along with the aforementioned countries, officially became a member of NATO, having deposited on March 29, 2004 documents on joining the organization with the US government (NATO depository). Before officially joining the alliance, Estonia participated in NATO missions as a partner and as an invited party. Today Estonia continues its peacekeeping activities as a full member of the organization. Today, the priority of Estonian security policy is participation in the fulfillment of NATO missions in Europe, as well as an even broader participation in international operations.

To date, Estonia has provided the following funds for crisis management in international operations: infantry military police service personnel medical staff sapper command air movement control military surveillance transit Maintenance/ Cargo Airmail Participation in NATO-initiated peacekeeping missions and operations remains an important area of ​​Estonian policy.

Since 1996, Estonia has participated in the NATO mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (SFOR) on a rotational basis with the Danish military contingent. From August 2001 to February 2002, the Estonian mission was represented by a 98-man reconnaissance company as part of the Baltic Squadron. Estonia continues to participate in the mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of EUFOR (EU military forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina), as SFOR moved from NATO to EU structures and was renamed EUFOR as a result. - Estonia has been participating in the NATO mission in Kosovo (KFOR) since 1999 with one unit of the Estonian military police as part of the special forces unit of the Italian carabinieri. Since 2003, Estonia has been periodically represented in Kosovo by a reconnaissance company as part of the Danish military contingent, in which Estonian soldiers will again take their place in February 2006 - At the call of the US government, starting from June 2003, Estonia has been participating in the Iraqi Freedom mission in Iraq the Light Infantry Battalion and the Air Mail Cargo Operations Team. The infantrymen are rotated every 6 months. The Estonian parliament extended the mission of the Estonian Defense Forces in Iraq until December 31, 2005, retaining the right to revise the deadline if the UN renews the coalition's mandate. - In order to support the interim government of Iraq, Estonia is sending weapons and ammunition to Iraq, and has also offered to equip a computer class and donated EUR to the Iraq Trust Fund. - Estonia contributes to the war on terrorism by participating in the Operation Enduring Freedom mission in Afghanistan with an IED team with specially trained dogs and since March 2003 in the ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) mission with the Explosive Ordnance Disposal demining team in Kabul. The ISAF mission is a priority for Estonia. As a result, the contribution to this mission was doubled in 2005. The current parliamentary mandate for the deployment of military forces in Afghanistan expires in September 2006. In addition, Estonia intends to participate in the Provincial Reconstruction Team for reconstruction work in Afghanistan. In addition to NATO missions, Estonia participates in the OSCE Border Control Mission in Georgia, the UN Observer Mission in the Middle East and the European Union police missions in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

BALTBAT - Baltic Battalion. It was created in 1994 as an infantry battalion to participate in international peacekeeping operations. It was disbanded on September 26, 2003, in connection with the achievement of goals and the completion of the mission. Further collaboration ground forces is aimed at training national units in accordance with NATO standards. BALTRON - Squadron minesweepers... It was established in 1996 with the aim of ensuring the safety of navigation and reducing the risks of environmental pollution. After joining NATO, the squadron will serve as the training arm of the NATO Mine Search Unit (MCM). In the future, the right to cooperate with MSM will rotate between the Baltic countries. BALTDEFCOL - Higher Military College. Joint project of the three Baltic states, with the support of the partner countries. It was established in 1998 and is located in Tartu. The training is in accordance with NATO standards and is conducted in English. In the 2004/05 academic year, students from Europe, North America and Asia studied at BALTDEFCOL. BALTNET - Unified control system airspace the Baltic States. Established in 1998, the BALTNET coordination center is located in Lithuania.

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). June 25 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 1 August Signing of the Helsinki Final Act 1 January Establishment of the OSCE. June 25 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 1 August Signing of the Helsinki Final Act 1 January Establishment of the OSCE. Vein. Estonia joined on September 10, 1991. 59 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCC). League of Red Cross Societies () International Committee of the Red Cross 5 May League of Red Cross Societies. Geneva, Switzerland).

topic international organizations

acquaintance with the European Union

) The European Union (European Union) is a union of 27 European states that have signed the Treaty on the European Union (Maastricht Treaty). The EU is a unique international entity: it combines the features of an international organization and a state, but formally it is neither one nor the other. The Union is not a subject of public international law, but it has the authority to participate in international relations and plays an important role in them.

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European Union. (EC)

The European Union (European Union) is an association of 27 European states that have signed the Treaty on the European Union (Maastricht Treaty). The EU is a unique international entity: it combines the features of an international organization and a state, but formally it is neither one nor the other. The Union is not a subject of public international law, but it has the authority to participate in international relations and plays an important role in them.

Today the European Union includes: Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, France, Great Britain, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia , Slovenia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Bulgaria, Romania.

The first step towards the creation of the modern European Union was taken in 1951: Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Italy signed an agreement on the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the purpose of which was to unite European resources for the production of steel and coal, by virtue of this agreement entered into force in July 1952. Start…

Since the establishment of the EU, a single market has been created on the territory of all member states. At the moment, 18 states of the Union use the single currency, forming the eurozone. The Union, if viewed as a single economy, produced in 2009 a gross domestic product in the amount of 14.79 trillion international dollars calculated at purchasing power parity ($ 16.45 trillion at nominal value), which is more than 21% of world production. This puts the Union's economy in first place in the world in terms of nominal GDP and second in terms of GDP in PPP. In addition, the Union - largest exporter and the largest importer of goods and services, as well as an important trading partner of several large countries, such as, for example, China and India. EU economy

The principles governing the monetary union were laid down in the 1957 Treaty of Rome, and the monetary union became the official goal in 1969 at the summit in The Hague. However, it was only with the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 that the union countries were legally obliged to create a monetary union no later than January 1, 1999. On this day, the euro was introduced to the world financial markets as a settlement currency, eleven of the fifteen countries of the Union at that time, and on January 1, 2002, banknotes and coins were introduced into cash circulation in twelve countries that are currently part of the Eurozone Monetary Union

European Central Bank

European Parliament

The European Parliament is an assembly of 754 MPs (as amended by the Nice Treaty), directly elected by the citizens of the EU member states for a five-year term. The President of the European Parliament is elected for two and a half years. Members of the European Parliament do not unite according to their ethnicity, but according to their political orientation. The main role of the European Parliament is legislative activity. In addition, almost any decision of the EU Council requires either the approval of Parliament, or at least a request for its opinion. Parliament controls the work of the Commission and has the right to dissolve it.

The Court of Justice of the European Union meets in Luxembourg and is the EU's highest court. European Court of Justice

Science in the European Union has a pronounced innovative focus. A large-scale research network Future and Emerging Technologie functions under the auspices of the European Union, coordinating the efforts of scientists in the development of problems artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robotics, neurophysiology and other high-tech areas. The science

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