Light cruiser Red Crimea. Naval battles. Black and Azov seas
Marine Guard of the Fatherland Chernyshev Alexander Alekseevich
Guards cruiser "Red Crimea"
Guards cruiser "Red Crimea"
On September 28, 1913, the cruiser "Svetlana" was enrolled in the lists of ships of the Guards crew, and on November 11, she was laid down at the Russian-Baltic shipbuilding and mechanical joint-stock company in Revel. On November 28, 1915, the cruiser was launched. In October 1917, the unfinished ship was towed to Petrograd. Since November 1924, the cruiser was being completed at the Baltic Shipyard. On February 5, 1925 "Svetlana" was renamed into "Profintern".
The cruiser had a full displacement of 7999 tons, standard - 6833 tons; length 158.4 m, width 15.36 m, draft 9.65 m, power mechanisms (four turbines) 46 300 hp, maximum speed 22 knots, economic -14 knots, cruising range 1200 miles. Armament (as of 1942): 15 - 130-mm, 6 - 100-mm (three twin installations "Minisini"), 4 - 45-mm and 10 - 37-mm guns, 7 - 12.7-mm machine guns, 2 three-pipe 533-mm torpedo tubes. The cruiser could take on deck up to 90 min KB, 10 large and 20 small depth charges. The crew is 852 people.
On August 6–12, 1928, the cruiser took part in the cruise of the ISMM ships under the flag of the Chairman of the USSR Revolutionary Military Council K.E. Voroshilov to the south-western part of the Baltic Sea. In August 1929, the Profintern, together with the cruiser Aurora and four destroyers, took part in a foreign voyage, visiting the German port of Swinemunde. In November 1929 - January 1930 the cruiser Profintern (commander AA Kuznetsov) together with the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna made a transition around Europe from the Baltic to the Black Sea. The swim was very hard. On November 22, 1929, the detachment left Kronstadt. The winter Atlantic met the ships with stormy weather, and in the Bay of Biscay they got into a severe, 10-point storm. The cruiser roll reached 40 °. From the impact of giant waves on the ships were severely damaged. They had to visit the French port of Brest twice for repairs.
On January 18, 1930, the cruiser and battleship arrived in Sevastopol. For 57 days the ships covered 6269 miles.
"Profintern" was included in the MSFM. The next decade, the cruiser mastered new theater, the crew was engaged in combat training, participated in the maneuvers of the MChM.
In October-November 1933, the Profintern with the cruiser Chervona Ukraine went to Istanbul, escorting the Turkish steamer Izmir, on which the Soviet government delegation headed by K.E. Voroshilov to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Turkish Republic. In 1935-1938. "Profintern" passed overhaul and modernization at Sevmorzavod. Back in 1937, the Profintern, as an organization, ceased its activities. But only two years later, the cruiser was renamed, having received, by analogy with the other two cruisers of the brigade ("Krasny Kavkaz" and "Chervona [Ukrainian - red] Ukraine"), the name "Red Crimea".
The beginning of the Great Patriotic War the cruiser met under the command of the captain of the 2nd rank (then the captain of the 1st rank) A.I. Zubkov. The ship was under current repair at factory # 201 (Sevmorzavod), which was completed on 16 August.
On the morning of August 21, the "Red Crimea" with the destroyers "Frunze" and "Dzerzhinsky" left the Main Base and arrived in Odessa exactly one day later to provide artillery support to the defenders of the city. They delivered over 1000 volunteer sailors and 120 tons of cargo. The cruiser, without the help of tugs, moored at the Platonovsky breakwater, and a correction post was landed on the shore.
On August 23 at 17.30 the cruiser left the Odessa port and established contact with the corps. Having received the coordinates of the target in the area of the village of Sverdlovo (headquarters of the 35th Romanian regiment), and being on the traverse of Chebanka, at 18.20 from a distance of 82 cab. opened fire. Already in the second minute the spotters asked: “Accelerate the shooting. Defeat". The enemy's batteries returned fire, but the shells fell short. At 19.30 "Krasny Krym" stopped firing, firing 462 130-mm shells, and withdrew to the Odessa roadstead. The cruiser repeatedly opened fire on the planes that bombed the Odessa port.
At 20.30 the destroyer "Frunze" approached the board, the employees of the Odessa bank and 60 bags of money were taken aboard the cruiser. After finishing loading, the ship went out to sea. On August 24 at 7.30 am "Red Crimea" arrived in Sevastopol.
On August 26-27, the cruiser moved from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk. On September 18, "Krasny Krym" left Novorossiysk, escorting the transports "Bialystok" and "Krym", heading with troops to Odessa. The cruiser brought the transports to the edge of the minefields (Cape Tarkhankut), then the destroyer Boykiy entered their escort, and the cruiser turned to the main base and entered the Sevastopol Bay on the morning of September 20.
"Red Crimea" took part in the landing at Grigorievka. On September 21, the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 3rd Naval Regiment - 1109 people were taken on board. At 13.38 the ship weighed anchor and, having entered the wake of the "Krasny Kavkaz", as part of the detachment went to the landing area. On September 22, at 1.14, the detachment arrived in the Grigorievka area. The cruiser took the starting point and, being held by the machines, from a distance of 18 cab. opened fire on the coast, on the spillway of the Adjalik estuary. At 1.27 the fire was transferred to Grigorievka, and seven minutes later it was stopped. At 1.40, the landing of troops began with the help of longboats. Supporting the landing, "Krasny Krym" fired with its entire side at Chebanka, the state farm named after Kotovsky, Meshchanka. By 3.00 am the longboats made 10 flights, having disembarked 416 people, then approached the cruiser gunboat"Red Georgia" and received the remaining paratroopers. At 3.43 the cruiser stopped firing along the coast, which had been firing intermittently for three hours, firing 273 130-mm and 250- 45-mm shells. At 04:05 the cruisers "Krasny Krym" and "Krasny Kavkaz" headed for Sevastopol, and at 16.52 the ship was on a barrel in the Northern Bay. In the evening of the same day, the "Red Crimea" left for Novorossiysk, and on September 26 the cruiser moved from Novorossiysk to Tuapse.
On October 1-2, "Red Crimea" delivered a machine-gun battalion - 263 personnel, 36 heavy machine guns, 2 - 45-mm guns with ammunition from Batumi to Feodosia. Having unloaded the battalion, the cruiser left for Novorossiysk, where it arrived in the morning of September, and then left for Tuapse.
October 29 "Red Crimea" came from Tuapse to Novorossiysk. Having accepted a battalion of marines - 600 people with weapons and ammunition, the ship delivered it on October 30 to Sevastopol. On the night of October 31, enemy aircraft raided the main base, the cruiser commander ordered anti-aircraft fire not to open, so as not to unmask the ship.
"Red Crimea" was included in the artillery support detachment of the troops of the Sevastopol garrison.
On November 2, at 9.30 am, a fierce air raid on Sevastopol began, three Yu-88s attacked the cruiser, dropping seven bombs. All of them fell 20 meters from the side, three did not explode, and five Red Navy men were wounded from the explosions of four bombs by shrapnel. By 18 o'clock the cruiser approached the pier. On November 3, at 17.00, the cruiser finished loading, having accepted 350 wounded, 75 servicemen, 100 evacuees, documents of the Black Sea Fleet headquarters, 30 torpedoes, torpedo parts - only 100 boxes. At 18.27 "Red Crimea" left Sevastopol, on November 6 at 14:00 arrived in Batumi and, moored at the pier, began unloading. On November 7 by 9.00 the cruiser finished unloading, received fuel oil and at 14.00 left Batumi for Sevastopol. Having entered Tuapse to replenish the fuel supply, on the morning of November 9, the "Red Crimea" arrived in Sevastopol.
On November 10, Krasny Krym received the task of destroying the enemy's long-range battery in the Kachi area. At 6.30 he opened fire with the main battery. The shooting was corrected by corpost. After four sighting shots, the ship went over to defeat with three-gun volleys. At 8.00, the ship finished firing, firing 81 shells. The enemy's battery was destroyed. Twice more that day, the cruiser opened fire on the accumulation of enemy manpower - at 12.30 in the Inkerman area (31 shells) and at 20.00 at the area of the village of Duvankoy (20 shells). On November 11, Krasny Krym continued to fire at the enemy infantry clusters, firing 105 shells. During these days, German aviation carried out massive raids on Sevastopol, on November 10, the cruiser shot down an enemy aircraft with 45-mm guns.
November 12 "Red Crimea" stood at the refrigerator At 10.00 a heavy raid on the city and ships began, the cruiser opened fire with all anti-aircraft guns and machine guns. Two groups of three U-88 planes entered the ship and dropped bombs from horizontal flight. 10 bombs fell at a distance of 50 m and further. The same planes called on the cruiser twice more, but because of the intense anti-aircraft fire, the bombs were dropped inaccurately, the ship was not damaged. At 12.00, the second wave of 28 bombers attacked the city and ships, the cruiser Chervona Ukraina was heavily damaged and killed, the destroyers Merciless and Perfect were heavily damaged. Enemy aircraft several times entered the "Red Crimea", but they bombed inaccurately, bombs fell in the city and on the embankment, the ship was not damaged. On November 12, when repelling air attacks, 221 100-mm and 497 45-mm shells were expended. On November 13 and 14, German planes bombed the Yuzhnaya Bay and ships, but strong anti-aircraft fire each time forced them to hastily drop bombs, the cruiser was not damaged.
On November 14 at 23.15 the ship, having taken 350 wounded, 217 military personnel, 103 civilians, 105 tons of cargo, left Sevastopol. At dawn, he joined the security of the "Tashkent" transport. On November 17, the cruiser arrived in Tuapse at 16.30.
On November 26, the cruiser moved from Tuapse to Novorossiysk. On September 2 at 3.15, having on board 1000 soldiers and commanders of replenishment for the Primorskaya army, he went, accompanied by the destroyer "Zheleznyakov" from Novorossiysk to Sevastopol, where he arrived on the morning of November 28. On November 29, the cruiser fired at the enemy concentration in the Shuli, Cherkez-Kermen area, height 198.4. 179 shells were fired. On the night of December 1, the Red Crimea, accompanied by two minesweepers, left Sevastopol for the Balaklava region. Having taken the starting point for firing, he stopped the vehicles and opened fire with his port side at motorized units in the Varnutka, Kuchuk-Muskomya region. Having finished firing, having spent 149 shells, the ship returned to base.
On the same day, standing at the refrigerator in the South Bay, the cruiser opened fire twice at the enemy's troop concentrations near the village of Shuli, at a distance of 100 cab., Then at manpower in the Mamashay area, the shooting was corrected. Since the shooting was carried out at the maximum distance - 120 cab., An artificial roll of 3 ° to the left side was created. As a result, up to an infantry battalion was destroyed by cruiser fire.
On December 2, "Krasny Krym" fired two rounds at the manpower near the Cherkez-Kermen village, the consumption of 60 shells, the Shuli village - 39 shells. On December 3, the cruiser fired at an enemy battery located near the village of Kuchka, consuming 28 shells.
On December 5, having received 296 wounded and 72 evacuated passengers, "Krasny Krym" left Sevastopol at 16.20. On the morning of December 6, he joined the guard of the transports "Bialystok" and "Lvov". The next day the ship arrived in Tuapse, where it unloaded some of the wounded and evacuees, and on December 9 moved from Tuapse to Poti.
On December 10 at 7.30 the cruiser left Poti, escorting the Kalinin and Dimitrov transports with troops for Sevastopol. On December 13 at 8.00 the ships turned to the Inkerman target, at this time the enemy opened fire, several shells fell 50-70 m from the cruiser, two sailors were wounded by shrapnel. ...
In December 1941, the fleet was preparing for a major landing operation, the purpose of which was to liberate the Kerch Peninsula and provide assistance to Sevastopol. "Red Crimea", among other ships, was supposed to participate in the landing of troops in Feodosia, but on December 17 the enemy launched a second offensive against Sevastopol along the entire front. The headquarters ordered the immediate delivery of reinforcements to the defenders of the city on December 20, accepting 1,680 soldiers and commanders of the 79th Special Rifle Brigade at 17.00 with the cruiser Krasny Kavkaz (flag of the commander of the fleet FS Oktyabrsky), the leader Kharkiv, and the destroyers Bodry and Nezamozhnik "," Red Crimea "left Novorossiysk. Because of the fog, the detachment could not cross the minefields at night and was forced to break through to Sevastopol in the afternoon on December 21. In the area of the Chersonesos lighthouse, the ships were attacked by German aviation - six "Me-110", 6 bombs were dropped on the cruiser, which fell 100 meters aft, at the same time the planes fired at the ships from machine guns. "Red Crimea" was not damaged, its anti-aircraft artillery actively repelled attacks. At 13.00 the ships entered the main base, the cruiser moored at the refrigerator and began disembarking. At 18.00, "Krasny Krym" fired at a motor-convoy in the area near the village of Alsu, using up 30 shells.
On December 22, during the day, the cruiser fired four times, of which one night at motorized mechanized convoys and enemy manpower, used up 141 shells. At 19.30, having accepted 87 wounded, the cruiser with the destroyer Nezamozhnik left Sevastopol for the Balaklava region with the task of destroying enemy personnel with 130-mm guns. Having stopped the course and guided by the lights lit on the shore, the cruiser fired at the enemy positions in the Upper Chorgun area, Toropov's dacha, Kuchuk-Muskamya. Having finished firing (the consumption of 77 shells), the ships headed for Tuapse, where they arrived at 10.50 on 23 December.
"Red Crimea" took part in the Kerch-Feodosiya operation. At the first stage of the operation, the cruiser was included in the ship support detachment of the landing detachment "B", which was supposed to land at Mount Opuk.
The "Red Crimea" was given the task of shelling Feodosia together with the destroyer "Shaumyan" on the night of December 25-26, identifying the enemy's batteries and firing points, and areas where the troops were supposed to land (Kerch, Duranda), and support the landing in Duranda with the fire of their artillery.
December 25 at 20.20 "Red Crimea" with the destroyer "Shaumyan" left Novorossiysk to the Kerch Strait region, transmitting data on the weather in the area of operation. On December 26, at 5.32 am, the cruiser opened fire with her starboard main caliber at the port of Feodosia. At 5.40, he finished shooting, firing 70 high-explosive shells. Then the ships headed east and at 7.50 met the cruiser Krasny Kavkaz and the destroyer Nezamozhnik. The cruisers were aimlessly maneuvering in the Feodosiya Gulf, trying to find the landing party. There is fog, rain, snow, poor visibility in the sea. 23.00 the cruiser anchored in the Chauda area. At 6.00 on December 27, the naval support squad received a message that the landing squad had returned to Anapa. The cruiser weighed anchor and left for Novorossiysk.
"Red Crimea" was included in the squadron of support ships of the landing squad "A". On December 28, by 17.10, a landing was taken on the cruiser - 2000 soldiers and commanders of the 9th Rifle Corps, 2 mortars, 35 tons of ammunition, 18 tons of food. The ship accommodated the commander of the 9th rifle corps, Major General I.F. Dashichev with his headquarters.
At 19.00 "Krasny Krym" took off from the mooring and as part of a detachment with the cruiser "Krasny Kavkaz" and three destroyers left Novorossiysk.
On December 29, at 03:05 am, the ship support detachment reorganized into a wake column, at 3.45 am it lay down on a combat tack, and three minutes later the "Red Crimea" opened fire with its port side from 130-mm and 45-mm guns. At 04.03 the fire was stopped, and at 4.35 the cruiser anchored in 2 cab. from the Shirokoye pier and began the landing with the help of four launches, then six patrol boats approached, which transported 1100 paratroopers. Then the BTShch "Shield" approached the side of the cruiser and received 300 people.
Covering the landing, the ship fired direct fire at firing points in the port and city, in the area of Cape Ilya. The enemy fired at the stationary ship from guns, mortars and machine guns, for more than two hours it was under artillery and mortar fire. At 9.15 am the landing of the paratroopers was completed (Major General IF Dashichev with the headquarters remained on the ship), and two minutes later the cruiser began anchoring.
During the landing, 8 shells and 3 mines hit the ship. The ship received two holes in the sides and many small holes in the deckhouses, superstructures and pipes, there were two fires. The holes were repaired, the fires were quickly extinguished. Three 130-mm guns were put out of action, and 18 of the crew and troops were killed and 46 were wounded. Simultaneously with the landing, the ship fired single shots at enemy firing points and troop concentrations, defeating two batteries and suppressing one, destroying several machine-gun points. The cruiser used up 318 130-mm and 680 45-mm shells.
At 09.25, the anchor was selected, at which moment German air raids began. The ship departed south from Feodosia, maneuvering at full speed and repelling air attacks. The cruiser was attacked 11 times, but only in three cases the bombs fell 10-15 meters from the ship. Bomb fragments made 50 small holes. At night, the "Red Crimea" anchored. In the afternoon of December 30, the ship maneuvered in the Feodosiya Gulf, repelling air raids. During the day, up to 15 attacks were made on the ship in groups of two or three aircraft. They were reflected by powerful fire of all calibers, including the main one, which fired shrapnel at low-flying aircraft, as a result, the aircraft turned away and dropped bombs away from the ship. Only in two cases did the bombs fall 20 meters from the side, there were no casualties. The ship kept in touch with the corps and was ready to open fire on the enemy. Eighteen dead sailors were buried at sea. At 16.00 in Dvuyakornaya Bay, Major General Dashichev and his headquarters were transferred to a minesweeper. After that, the commander of the landing, Captain 1st Rank N.Ye. Bassisty ordered the cruiser with the destroyer "Shaumyan" to follow to Novorossiysk. When approaching Novorossiysk, the cruiser received an order to follow in Tuapse, where it arrived on the morning of December 31.
On January 1, 1942, the "Red Crimea", having accepted 260 people and 40 tons of cargo, left Tuapse for Feodosia at 17.00. On January 2, at 15.00, he anchored in 3.5 cab. from the protective pier of the Feodosia port and began unloading personnel and cargo. At the same time, the cruiser supported the left flank of the troops in the Feodosiya sector of the front with cannon fire, poor visibility, fog and snowfall interfered with firing. On January 2 and 3, the cruiser maneuvered in the Feodosiya Gulf. The meteorological situation continued to deteriorate: strong swell, snow, fog. By the morning of January 4, visibility improved slightly, and the ship, all icy, returned to Novorossiysk.
On January 4, at 17.00, Krasny Krym, together with a minesweeper and four MO boats, left Novorossiysk in order to land a landing in the Alushta region. The cruiser carried 1200 soldiers and commanders of the 226th Mountain Rifle Regiment and 35 tons of cargo. But due to the icing of the boats, the detachment at 4:00 on January 5 turned on the opposite course and returned to Novorossiysk. At 16.00 the ships again left Novorossiysk for Alushta, but because of the storm they could not land the troops and in the afternoon on January 6 they returned to Novorossiysk and landed troops in the port.
On January 8, Krasny Krym delivered 730 soldiers and commanders, 45 tons of cargo from Novorossiysk to Feodosia.
In January 1942, the Black Sea Fleet, in order to divert the enemy forces advancing on Feodosia, landed three tactical assault forces in the Sudak area, in two of which the Red Crimea also participated.
On January 15, having taken the landing - 560 fighters and commanders of the 226th mountain-rifle regiment, "Red Crimea", under the flag of the commander of a detachment of landing ships, captain 1st rank V.A. Andreeva, at 13.00 with the destroyers "Soobrazitelny" and "Shaumyan" left Novorossiysk. At 22.10 the detachment approached Sudak, the ships occupied the starting points of the disposition and at 23.45 opened fire on the coastline in the landing area between Cape Alchak and the Genoese pier of Sudak. "Red Crimea" fired at the beach. As a result, the enemy's wire fences and firing points were destroyed. At 1 o'clock on January 16, the cruiser gave up the right anchor and began the landing and unloading of ammunition by boats and longboats. Covering the landing, the cruiser periodically opened fire on Sudak. From the shore, the cruiser was fired upon from mortars, mines fell at a distance of 4–5 cab., But there were no hits on the ship. The wounded were delivered to the cruiser from the shore. At 4.15 the disembarkation was completed, the cruiser chose an anchor and laid down on the course of withdrawal. In 1625 he arrived in Novorossiysk.
On January 20, the cruiser moved from Novorossiysk to Tuapse. On the night of January 21-22, northeast (bora) fell on Tuapse. On the morning of January 22, waves broke off the mooring cruiser "Molotov", which was parked at a nearby pier. Its anchor-chain broke, and it was turned 180 ° by the wind and waves. "Molotov" with its bow drew along the side of the "Red Crimea", but the cruiser avoided serious damage.
On January 23, units of the 554th Mountain Rifle Regiment (1450 Red Army men and commanders, 70 tons of ammunition, 10 tons of provisions) were loaded onto the "Red Crimea" and he, with the destroyers "Bezuprechny" and "Shaumyan", left Tuapse at Pike perch. At 23.03 the cruiser anchored in 5 cab. from the Sudak beach and began the landing. First of all, ammunition and food were delivered to the coast by longboats, and the paratroopers - by SKA boats. By 6.00 on January 25, the landing was basically completed - 1,300 people were unloaded, all ammunition and food, 250 people remained on the ship. But the increased excitement and the proximity of dawn did not allow the ships to remain off the coast. At 06.05 they weighed anchor and headed for Novorossiysk. On February 14, the cruiser delivered 1,075 marching companies and 3,5 tons of cargo to Sevastopol. On February 22, anchored in the Sevastopol Bay, the "Red Crimea" fired at the enemy troops in the Shuli area. On February 24, at 11.40, an air raid sounded in the city. From the side of Evpatoria, at an altitude of 3000 m, seven Ju-88s were found, which were going to the cruiser. The cruiser's anti-aircraft artillery opened fire in a timely manner. All seven planes took turns diving onto the ship, and each dropped two 500 kg bombs. Three fell on the left side at a distance of 20 m, 11 - on the starboard side at a distance of 10 m or more. The ship was covered with mud and clouded with smoke and dust. It became impossible to shoot, since nothing was visible, but the attacks of the aircraft stopped. The ship was not damaged, one anti-aircraft gunner was wounded. In 1927 the cruiser with the destroyer Shaumyan left Sevastopol and arrived in Tuapse at 12.30 on February 25. The cruiser was loaded with a marine corps company - 250 people and 25 tons of cargo, and on the same day he delivered it to Novorossiysk.
On February 26, the 674th artillery anti-tank regiment - 500 fighters and commanders, twenty 76-mm cannons, 3 kitchens, 20 tons of ammunition was taken on the cruiser. At 15.15 with the destroyer "Shaumyan" they left Novorossiysk and at 0400 on February 27 arrived in Sevastopol. On February 28, while at anchor, "Krasny Krym" fired 60 shots to suppress two batteries 2 km west of Yukhara - Karalez. With the onset of darkness, the cruiser with the destroyers "Shaumyan" and "Zheleznyakov" left Sevastopol in the Alushta region for fire support of the demonstrative landing. At 22.50 a message was received from the commander of the minesweeper division: due to the waves and wind, the landing is impossible. North – core wind 5 points, wave - 3 points. On February 29 at 1.34 in the Kuchuk-Uzen area, the cruiser was fired upon from the coast from a distance of 10 cab. anti-aircraft guns and machine gun fire. The ships quickly suppressed enemy firing points. Then he maneuvered near the coast at low speed or stopped the course. At 2.47 he opened fire on the coastline and Alushta from a distance of 29 cab. The enemy answered, but to no avail. The minesweepers and patrol boats were never able to land the troops. At 4.39 the cruiser and the destroyers laid down a course of retreat to the daytime maneuvering area. On the afternoon of March 1, the ships were maneuvering at the 9-knot speed, in the fog. At 14.20 a message came from the commander of the fleet: "I am awaiting instructions from the front about setting a target for shelling the ship." The cruiser maneuvered in the area from where it could arrive to shell Yalta, Alushta, Sudak, Feodosia and break away from the coast in darkness. At 18.00 the command of the fleet was received - to go to Poti. On March 2, at 13.00, the ships approached Poti, but by this time the wind had increased to 9 points, the wave - to 7, so they headed for Batumi. The ship anchored in the Batumi roadstead, and on March 3, she moved to Poti.
The offensive of the troops of the Crimean Front ended unsuccessfully, the German troops went on the offensive. During this period, the command of the fleet intensified military transport to Sevastopol. "Krasny Krym" constantly went in convoys.
At 1.30 on March 11, the "Red Crimea", guarded by the destroyer "Svobodny", delivered 180 tons of shells and mines from Poti to Sevastopol. Having unloaded the ammunition, the cruiser, guarded by the destroyer "Shaumyan", left Sevastopol at 20.00, having on board 246 wounded and four bodies of 305-mm guns for the battleship "Parizhskaya Kommuna" (total weight 208 tons). On the evening of March 12, the ships arrived at Poti, and the next day the trunks were unloaded.
On March 16, 165 tons of ammunition, 20 tons of food, 150 barrage balloons, and 293 soldiers and commander were loaded onto the ship. At 17.40 the cruiser with the destroyer Nezamozhnik left Poti for Sevastopol, escorting the tankers Sergo and Peredovik. On March 18, the convoy was attacked 11 times by bombers and once by torpedo bombers. The ships fired intense anti-aircraft fire. A total of 50 bombs were dropped on ships and transports, but none of them hit the target. Four bombs fell 20 meters from the starboard side of the cruiser, but did not cause damage. On March 19 at 1.30 the ship arrived in Sevastopol, where four barrels of 305-mm guns were loaded onto it. At 20.30 with the destroyer Nezamozhnik, the cruiser left Sevastopol for Poti. On March 24, the cruiser, accompanied by the Nezamozhnik destroyer, moved from Poti to Batumi, where on the 25th it got up for repairs.
On April 24, Krasny Krym delivered 105 tons of ammunition from Poti to Novorossiysk. During the day, there were three raids on the base in groups of two Ju-88 aircraft. Each time heavy fire was opened, the planes dropped bombs outside the city and left. On the same day, having accepted 1750 people from the marching companies, the "Red Crimea" accompanied by the destroyers "Boyky" and "Vigilant" left for Sevastopol at 19.15. On April 26, at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay, he was fired upon by enemy artillery, the shells fell 40-60 m from the side. The ship moored at Sukharnaya Balka and dropped the fighters. Having loaded a cavalry unit, 45 wounded, at 20.42 the cruiser with the destroyers "Boyky", "Vigilant" and "Savvy" left Sevastopol. The next day, arriving in Novorossiysk, moored at the Elevatornaya pier, unloaded the cavalrymen and the wounded, and began accepting the cargo and marching reinforcements - 1200 people. At 23.20 with the destroyers "Vigilant" and "Savvy" went to Sevastopol. On April 29, at 3.40, the ships arrived in Sevastopol, delivering 1,780 marching reinforcements, 25 tons of ammunition, 16 torpedoes and 265 depth charges. The cruiser moored at Sukharnaya Balka, unloaded cargo and replenishment and took 44 wounded, 67 command personnel and 35 family members of command personnel. At 21.25 "Red Crimea" with the leader "Tashkent", destroyers "Vigilant" and "Smart" left Sevastopol and arrived in Batumi exactly one day later.
In total, during the period from June 22, 1941 to May 1, 1942, the "Red Crimea", while repelling air attacks, used up 1336 100-mm and 2288 45-mm shells.
On May 8, the enemy launched an offensive against Sevastopol. The commander-in-chief of the North Caucasian direction ordered the fleet commander: "... After loading with two destroyers, the cruiser Krasny Krym, after loading with two destroyers, leave Novorossiysk for Sevastopol not later than May 10 ..." on the morning of May 12, the ships arrived at Novorossiysk. Having accepted replenishment for the Primorsky army, at 20.00 they left for Sevastopol. On May 13, in the fog, the ships followed along the Anatolian coast, and then turned north and approached the entrance point of the fairway. At 24.00 they stopped the cars until visibility improved. On May 14, at 19.50, "Krasny Crimea" and "Nezamozhnik" entered the Main Base, delivering 2,126 soldiers and commanders and 80 tons of ammunition ("Dzerzhinsky" was sent at 11:32 a.m. to search for a minesweeper that met the detachment, but due to a numerical error, it got to defensive minefield, was blown up by a mine and died). Because of the fog, the cruiser, like other ships that arrived in Sevastopol, could not leave the bay until May 19. On May 19–20, the cruiser, having taken 473 wounded from the destroyer Nezamozhnik, moved from Sevastopol to Tuapse, and then to Poti.
On June 1, "Red Crimea" with the destroyers "Savvy" and "Svobodny" arrived in Novorossiysk. On June 2, having received marching companies, weapons, ammunition and food, the ships left Novorossiysk at 19.18 and broke through to Sevastopol at night on June 3. F.S. Oktyabrsky wrote in his diary: "Great: the cruiser Krasny Krym arrived at the GB at about 00 h ..." Poti.
In 1942, the "Red Crimea" more often than other ships of the squadron was involved in the transportation of military reinforcements and cargo to the blockaded Sevastopol - from February to May, it broke through to the Main Base seven times.
On June 18, 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy No. 137, the cruiser Krasny Krym was awarded the rank of Guards.
June 22 "Red Crimea" moved from Poti to Tuapse, for the next trip to Sevastopol. However, it became clear to the command of the fleet that the cruisers would not be able to break through into the besieged city.
July 26, the day of the Navy, Rear Admiral N.Ye. Bassisty handed the guard flag to the ship. The flag was accepted by the commander of the ship, Captain 1st Rank A.I. Zubkov.
At the end of July 1942, German troops launched an offensive in the North Caucasus. There was a threat of a breakthrough by the 17th German army to the Black Sea near Novorossiysk. The evacuation of the city began. On August 5-7, "Krasny Krym" evacuated from Novorossiysk to Batumi 2,600 people, families of command personnel, party and Soviet workers and valuables. From 8 to 17 August, the cruiser with the destroyer Nezamozhnik made three voyages, delivering evacuees and valuable cargo from Novorossiysk to Batumi, and parts of the 32nd Guards Rifle Division in Tuapse.
On August 25, the "Red Crimea", guarded by the destroyer "Savvy", crossed Batumi - Poti. In the period from August 28 to October 6, 1942, the cruiser underwent maintenance.
In mid-October 1942, enemy forces launched an offensive in the Tuapse region. October 21 "Red Crimea" with the destroyers "Merciless" and "Soobrazitelny" delivered 3,350 soldiers, 11 guns and 47 mortars from Poti to Tuapse. On December 2, Krasny Krym, accompanied by the Nezamozhnik destroyer, delivered units of the 9th Mountain Rifle Division from Batumi to Tuapse.
"Krasny Krym" took part in the landing operation in the South Ozereyka area as part of a cover detachment (cruiser "Krasny Kavkaz" (flag of the squadron commander L.A. Vladimirsky), "Krasny Krym", leader "Kharkov", destroyers "Merciless" and "Savvy "). On February 3, 1943, the detachment left Batumi at 06:10 and moved west to disorient the enemy, and at 06:05 turned into the operation area. However, the shooting was postponed for 1.5 hours due to the delay in the landing detachment. The cruisers and destroyers turned south and maneuvered. On February 4, at 2.16, the detachment approached the landing area. The ships lay down on a combat course, and at 2.35 am "Red Crimea" opened fire on Ozereyka. Having expended 598 130-mm and 200 100-mm shells, the ship ceased fire at 03.05. Having finished shelling the coast, the cruiser and the leader laid down on the course of withdrawal. On February 5 at 10.50, the "Red Crimea" arrived in Batumi and moored to the pier.
In April 1944 A.I. Zubkov was appointed commander of the cruiser Murmansk, which was transferred to the United States on account of reparations. Captain 1st Rank P.A. Melnikov, who had previously commanded a destroyer division.
May 9, 1944 "Red Crimea" moved from Batumi to Poti, guarded by destroyers "Zheleznyakov", "Nezamozhnik", TFR "Shtorm", BTSH "Shield", 14 SKA, 4 aircraft "MBR-2". From May 15 to August 17, 1944, the cruiser underwent scheduled repairs in Poti. At the same time, the method of incomplete drydocking was applied in a 5000-ton dock. The length of the ship's bow console was 33.6 m, the trim angle of the floating dock was 3 °. The cruiser in the dock was visited by the People's Commissar of the Navy, Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov.
In November 1944, a squadron of the Black Sea Fleet relocated to Sevastopol. On November 4, at 9:00 am, the cruiser left Poti together with the battleship Sevastopol, guarding the destroyers Nezamozhnik, Zheleznyakov, Flying, Light, Dexterous, and 8 boats of the Big Hunters. On November 5, at 8:00 am, the ships linked up with the second detachment - two cruisers and three destroyers. At 8.50 a signal was raised on the flagship: "Krasniy Krym" be in charge. " The cruiser bypassed the battleship at full speed and became the head of the squadron. At 12.50, the cruiser's bow 100-mm mount made the first salute shot, it was the first of the squadron's ships to enter the base and at 13.07 stood on the barrel.
During the Great Patriotic War, the "Red Crimea" took part in almost all operations of the Black Sea Fleet and made more cruises than other cruisers. However, for all the time he did not receive a single serious damage comparable to the damage of other cruisers of both the Black Sea and Baltic fleets. Perhaps this was the result of military luck, but, most likely, the skill of the commander and the excellent training of the entire crew of the ship.
The ship completed 58 combat missions, conducted 52 artillery fires at enemy positions, suppressing 4 artillery and mortar batteries and destroying 3 ammunition depots and up to 3 infantry battalions, repelled 205 attacks of enemy aircraft (one aircraft shot down), transported over 20 thousand servicemen, wounded and evacuated citizens.
May 31, 1949 "Red Crimea" was transferred to the detachment of training ships of the Black Sea Fleet. On April 8, 1953, she was decommissioned and reclassified as a training cruiser. From June 1956 to June 1957, the cruiser accommodated the personnel of the Special Purpose Expedition (EON) to raise the battleship Novorossiysk. The cruiser was stationed in the Sevastopol Bay near the coast, opposite the Ushakovskaya gully on the Korabelnaya side. It was connected to the shore by a floating pier.
Cruiser "Pobeda" Nikolai IVANOV 1 On the upper deck of the cruiser "Crimea", which by the evening of March 16 had docked to the native Russian world, the entire crew lined up in parade formation. In the line, not only the overwhelming percentage of personnel who voted to return to their relatives
From the author's bookGuards cruiser "Krasny Kavkaz" Laid down on October 19, 1913 in Nikolaev at the Russud plant under the name "Admiral Lazarev". The ship was launched on June 8, 1916, but at the end of 1917 the construction of the "Admiral Lazarev" was stopped due to the devastation that gripped the country. December 14, 1926
From the author's book1st Guards battalion of armored boats of the 1st brigade of river ships of the Volga military flotilla (in 1945 - 1st Guards Belgrade division of armored boats of the Danube flotilla) The division was formed in November 1941 as part of the 1st brigade of river ships of the Volga military
From the author's book2nd Guards battalion of armored boats of the 2nd brigade of river ships of the Volga military flotilla (in 1945 - the 2nd separate guards Bobruisk Red Banner division of armored boats of the 1st Bobruisk-Berlin Red Banner brigade of river ships of the Dnieper
From the author's bookGuards missile cruiser "Varyag" pr. 58 In the late 1950s. project 58 was developed - a fundamentally new ship with a powerful missile weapons The ships had a standard displacement of 4300 tons, therefore, they were originally assigned to the destroyer class and received
From the author's bookGuards heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Varyag" On December 6, 1985, on the slipway of the Black Sea plant in Nikolaev, the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Riga" was laid down (of the same type as the aircraft carrier "Admiral of the Fleet Soviet Union Kuznetsov ") and launched on November 25, 1988 by the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy
From the author's bookGuards missile cruiser "Varyag" pr. 1164 July 31, 1979 on the slipway of the plant. 61 Communards in Nikolaev, the missile cruiser pr. 1164 "Chervona Ukraine" was laid down, launched on August 28, 1983, entered service on December 25, 1989, and on February 28, 1990 was included in the Pacific Fleet.
From the author's bookGuards missile cruiser "Moskva" pr. 1164 Golovnoy in a series of missile cruisers pr. 1164 "Slava" was laid down on November 5, 1976 on the slipway of the plant. 61 Communards in Nikolaev, launched on July 27, 1979, entered service on December 30, 1982, and on February 7, 1983 included in the Black Sea Fleet.
Alexander Illarionovich Zubkov (1902-1978), rear admiral, participant in the defense of Sevastopol 1941-1942. During the war years, Captain 1st Rank Alexander Illarionovich Zubkov was the commander of the cruiser "Red Crimea" (1938-1944). Later, Zubkov commanded the Novorossiysk naval base of the Black Sea Fleet (12/19/1944 - 05/09/1945).
The cruiser "Red Crimea" performed many feats under the leadership of Alexander Illarionovich: the ship covered the defenders of Sevastopol and Odessa with the fire of its guns, participated in almost all the landing operations of the Black Sea Fleet (Feodosia, Alushta, Sudak, Grigorievka, Kerch-Feodosia landing operation on the coast) about 10 thousand paratroopers, transported the wounded, personnel and civilians about 20 thousand people, repulsed more than 200 attacks of enemy aircraft, destroyed a large number of enemy equipment and manpower.
Thanks to the skilful guidance of his captain, the cruiser did not receive any serious damage, although she was constantly in the hottest spots.
In November 1944, when the squadron was returning to Sevastopol, the cruiser Krasny Krym, under the command of Zubkov, was honored to be the first to enter the main base of the Black Sea Fleet.
The cruiser and the captain "understood" and complemented each other - they were one. There was a unanimous opinion about Alexander Illarionovich in the navy as a great specialist, an enthusiast in his field and good man... This combination of personal and professional qualities was the key to success in the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War.
Stocky, small in stature, his eyes were the color of aqua, he always spoke in a calm soft voice.
His speech was very correct, there was a sense of education, a kind of military intelligence. He was charming and the sailors loved him very much. Alexander Illarionovich was distinguished by his flexibility of mind and the ability to make unexpected decisions, such as, for example, in the task of landing troops right in the bay of the city of Sevastopol in order to recapture it from the enemy.
At the moment when our ships approached the Kerch Strait, a strong storm began. The sea was covered with a veil of impenetrable fog.
The cruiser slowed down, and instead of the early morning of December 21, when the ship was supposed to moor in Sevastopol, the cruiser approached him only at 11 o'clock. The fog cleared away, and the coast began to be clearly visible. At the same time, the cruiser also became clearly visible from the shore. Enemy artillery opened fire, fascist bombers flew in. The splashes of water from bombs and shells were so strong that it was not possible to see the nearby ships.
Fascist bombers, dropping bombs, simultaneously fired large-caliber machine guns at the ships. The cruiser's anti-aircraft gunners fired at enemy aircraft. The sailors did everything possible to repel the attack of the enemy, and they succeeded.
Boldly and courageously covered the sailors and our fighters, based in Sevastopol. The approach to the bay was further complicated by the fact that the entrance to it was mined, and the ship had to move through a minefield along a narrow fairway.
Any maneuvering was not possible. Alexander Illarionovich decides to use the only thing left at his disposal - speed, despite the danger of fast movement along the fairway. The cruiser burst into the bay at full speed and under the bombs and fire of the enemy began to moor, the sailors immediately joined the fire support of the defenders of Sevastopol.
During the landing, "Krasny Krym" received several direct hits from shells, suffered losses of personnel, but nevertheless fulfilled the assigned combat mission.
Such a swift passage of the cruiser to the South Bay of Sevastopol was equated with the daring flight of ace Valery Chkalov under the Troitsky bridge, because Previously, ships always entered this bay through a narrow entrance by towing.
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Andrey Pustovarov
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Former name - "Zante" (from 12.06.1923 - "Nezamozhniy", from 29.04.1926 - "Nezamozhniy").
Laid down in May 1916, launched on April 3, 1917. On November 7, 1923, it became part of the Black Sea Naval Forces. It underwent major overhauls in 1928–1929. and in 1935-1936. From 01/11/1935 was part of the Black Sea Fleet.
During the Great Patriotic War, he participated in the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol and the Caucasus (in 1941-1942), landed troops in Feodosia (12/29/1941) and covered the landing in South Ozereyka (02/04/1943), carried out military transportation to Sevastopol and the ports of the Caucasus.
On July 8, 1945, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
01/12/1949 expelled from the Navy, disarmed and converted into a target ship.
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Guards cruiser "Red Crimea"
On November 11, 1913 a new cruiser "Svetlana" was laid down in Revel. Launched on November 8, 1915. In October 1917 it was towed to Petrograd. On February 5, 1925, the ship was given a new name - "Profintern", and on July 1, 1928, it was transferred to the Baltic Sea Naval Forces. At the beginning of 1930, the ship moved to Sevastopol. On November 5, 1939, it was renamed "Red Crimea".
Cruiser "Red Crimea"
On August 21, 1941, having received fuel and ammunition, "Krasny Krym" guarded the destroyers "Frunze" and "Dzerzhinsky" went to the front line in Odessa. 462 shells of the ship's main caliber were rained down on the enemy. The command of the Separate Primorsky Army highly appreciated the combat firing of the "Red Crimea", announcing gratitude to the entire crew of the cruiser. In the same place, near Odessa, the ship took part in the landing of the first landing party on the Black Sea. In this landing, the sailors of the cruiser Sergeant Major of the Barge II Dibrov, Kryuchkova A. M. Prokhorenko, Minder D. F. Garkusha, machine gunners V. S. Ignatov and I. P. Shcherbina showed great courage.
In the fierce battles for Sevastopol, "Red Crimea" in November-December 1941 conducted 18 artillery fires.
The command of the fleet highly appreciated the actions of the artillerymen of the "Red Crimea". Senior lieutenant V.F.Litvinchuk, lieutenants N.I. Guzyar (posthumously) and B.V. Filosofov, warrant officer S.I.Bakalov, foremen V.G. Kravchenko, D.F. 3. Kozyur, P. M. Levchenko, sailor I. I. Chaplin.
58 combat missions were carried out by "Red Crimea" during the war years under the command of Captain 1st Rank A. I. Zubkov. The naval political workers F. P. Vershinin, F. G. Vozny, T. T. But, G. I. Fomin took an active part in the combat activities of the ship. The cruiser conducted 52 artillery fires at the positions and fortifications of the Nazi troops, destroying 4 artillery and mortar batteries, 3 ammunition depots and up to an infantry regiment, transported more than 20 thousand personnel, wounded and evacuated citizens of Sevastopol, landed on the shore occupied by the enemy , about 10 thousand soldiers and commanders as part of the landing forces, repelled over two hundred attacks of Hitler's planes.
For brave and decisive actions during the landing of troops in Grigoryevka, Feodosia, Sudak and Alushta, for the courage and heroism of the personnel shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, the cruiser Krasny Krym was ordered by the People's Commissar of the Navy. No. 137 of 18 June 1942 was awarded the rank of the Guards.
After the end of hostilities in the Black Sea, the ship was transferred to a detachment of training ships.
The name of the famous cruiser was given to the new large anti-submarine ship of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet, on which the Guards Naval Flag was raised in a solemn ceremony on December 5, 1970.
Full displacement 7999 t, normal-7190 t, standard-6839 t; length 158.4 m, width 15.4 m, draft 5.7 m; power mechanisms 46 300 hp. with.; maximum speed 29 knots, economic - 14 knots; cruising range 1200 miles (economic course). Armament: 15130 mm, 4100 mm, 4 45 mm and 10 37 mm guns, 712.7 mm machine guns, 2 three-tube torpedo tubes and 2 sets of paravan-trawls. Took on board up to 100 anchor mines and 30 depth charges. The crew is 852 people.
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Small anti-submarine ship of the Black Sea Fleet (referred to in various sources as a patrol boat, small hunter, sea hunter) SK 065
Commander SK 065 Senior Lieutenant Pavel Sivenko
TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL DATA OF THE SERIAL "LITTLE HUNTER" TYPE MO-4
Length overall, m - 26.9
Maximum width, m - 4.0
Depth amidships, m - 2.7
Full / normal displacement, t - 56.0 / 53.5
Speed, knots - 25-27
Cruising range at full speed / 10-knot, miles - 340/800
Power, hp s - 3X850
Crew, people - 24
Armament: two 45-mm semi-automatic cannons, two 12.7-mm DShK machine guns, two bomb releasers, 8 large and 28 small depth charges, 6 smoke bombs (MBDSH), Poseidon sound direction finder.
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1 Kerch-Vienna Red Banner Brigade of River Ships of the Danube Flotilla
the commander of the 1st Kerch-Vienna Red Banner brigade of river ships of the Danube military flotilla at the end of the war, the hero of the Soviet Union Pavel Ivanovich Derzhavin, awarded with the medals of the "southern bow"
Monumental memorial monuments of the city of Yeisk.
Armored boat "Yeisk patriot".
In 1944, when Yeisk enterprises began to restore their production in difficult conditions after the occupation, the collective of the Zapchast plant (now a machine-tool plant) took the initiative to raise funds for the construction of a warship. Residents of Yeysk responded to this call. A total of 452,650 rubles were collected in cash and government bonds.
By the end of 1944, the B-162 armored boat was built at the X Let Oktyabrya plant in Astrakhan. A total of 4 boats of the same series were built. The team was selected from the officers and sailors of the Caspian military flotilla, who were being treated in the city's hospitals.
The boat entered the combat formation of the ships of the Danube military river flotilla (formerly the Azov military flotilla), where it operated as part of the Belgrade guards battalion of armored boats of the Kerch-Vienna Red Banner brigade of river ships, passed the combat path from Izmail to Vienna, starting on December 20, 1944.
The boat provided the landing, transported troops and equipment, supported the offensive of the Soviet troops in the battles for the cities of Heinburg, Bratislava, Vienna with fire from its 2 guns.
In the battles for Gainburg, he repelled 7 enemy air raids. In two days, he transported 4 tanks, 17 self-propelled guns, 38 vehicles, 2,188 soldiers with weapons and ammunition to the combat area. For these actions, he was the first from the detachment to be awarded the title of "Guards", successfully completed the transition along the mined fairway from Budapest to Vienna, where he ended his combat path.
The first boat commander was Lieutenant Boris Fedorovich Balev (1921-2000), who was transferred with the boat from the Caspian Flotilla. Balev B.F. at the front from the first days of the Great Patriotic War. As part of the marines and on ships of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets, he took part in the defense of Leningrad, Sevastopol, in the battles for the Caucasus. He began the war as a petty officer of the second article, and ended as a guard lieutenant. In 1944 he took command of the Yeisk patriot armored boat.
For courage and courage, BF Balev was awarded many government awards.
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Destroyer ZHELEZNYAKOV (until 05/02/1925 "Corfu", until 23/06/1939 "Petrovsky", from 30/12/1954 - "PKZ-62")
in 1941, the commander of the ship, Captain 3rd Rank V.A.Krinov (in 1942, the chief of staff of the 2nd brigade of river ships of the Volga flotilla, in 1946, the commander of the Danube flotilla)
Laid down on 07/06/1916, launched on 10/23/1917, comm. entered service on June 10, 1925 and on the same day entered the Black Sea Naval Forces. Underwent a major overhaul from 5/09/1930 to 7/06/1932, From 11/01/1935 was part of the Black Sea Fleet
During the Great Patriotic War, he participated in the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol and the Caucasus, landed troops in Feodosia (December 29, 1941), Evpatoria (February 1942) and covered the landing in South Ozereyka (February 4, 1943), carried out military transport to Sevastopol and ports of the Caucasus, carried an escort service. On July 8, 1945, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
From 12/18/1947 to 09/15/1949, under the same name, it was part of the Bulgarian Navy. On April 8, 1953, he was withdrawn from the fleet, disarmed and reorganized into a floating barracks, and on July 27, 1956, he was excluded from the lists of the Navy and in 1957, at the Glavvtorchermet base in Poti, it was dismantled for metal.
They were deployed at production facilities (light cruisers "Svetlana" and "Admiral Greig") and Putilovskaya shipyard (light cruisers "Admiral Spiridov" and "Admiral Butakov"). One of the main requirements of the Main Directorate of Shipbuilding was the complete unification of all ships of the project intended for the Baltic Fleet. As a result of numerous changes and corrections in the projects of the Putilov and Revel shipyards, it was finally possible to achieve an almost complete identity of these projects.
Even more building a cruiser "Svetlana" complicated the entry of Russia into the First World War. A strong blow to the construction time of the ship was the termination of supplies by the German company Vulkan, under the contract with which Svetlana was to be equipped with water-tube boilers and steam turbines. The shipyard management was forced to reorder the equipment, some of the orders for the mechanisms were placed in England, some at the already overloaded Russian factories.
Despite the difficulties of wartime, by the beginning of 1915, work on the construction of the cruiser "Svetlana" managed to intensify. Cruiser readiness as of October 1915 "Svetlana" on the case was 64%, and on the mechanisms - 73%.
By November 1916 on "Svetlana" boilers and turbines were loaded, and their installation began. Also, tests were completed on almost all water- and oil-tight compartments. General readiness of the cruiser "Svetlana" at the moment it was: for the body - 81%, for the mechanisms - 75%. Mostly there were no pipelines and some auxiliary mechanisms, which were re-ordered to other factories with the beginning of the war.
By the fall of 1917, the situation in the Baltic theater of operations was developing extremely unsuccessfully for the Russian army. The capture of Riga and the islands of the Moonsund archipelago by German troops created the real prerequisites for the capture of Revel. In connection with the current situation, the Maritime Ministry decided to evacuate unfinished ships and factory equipment from Reval.
By November 13, 1917 on a cruiser "Svetlana" all finished and semi-finished products and materials available at that time at the plant and necessary for the completion of the ship were loaded. In addition, it was decided to load the equipment of workshops (shipbuilding, foundry, turbine, model and others) onto the cruiser. Total according to the load sheet "Svetlana" took on board about 640 tons of various equipment and materials. In the second half of November 1917, the cruiser "Svetlana" was towed to Petrograd for completion at the Admiralty plant.
In November 1924, at the Baltic Shipyard, which at that time was part of the Lengossudotrest structure, a complex of work was begun to complete the construction of a light cruiser "Svetlana"... During the forced long-term storage, the mothballed hull, superstructures, equipment and mechanisms of the cruiser were covered with dirt and rust, some of the materials, equipment and weapons loaded on board before evacuation from Reval were lost for various reasons. Simultaneously with the cleaning of the cruiser from dirt and rust, the development of drawings for a partial modernization of the ship was started according to the assignments issued by the Red Army Navy Directorate.
Given the deficit Money allocated by the VSNKh for the completion of the cruiser, the service station decided to complete the ship according to the initial project with minor modernization. The modernization mainly concerned the replacement of four 63-mm anti-aircraft guns with nine 75-mm guns of the Möller system with an elevation angle of 70 °, as well as the installation, in addition to two underwater torpedo tubes, of three more three-pipe surface torpedo tubes of 450 mm caliber.
As a result of the fact that in the process of partial modernization, additional weapons were installed, the number of the cruiser's crew, as well as the mass of some stocks (mine, artillery and skipper [note 1], drinking water and provisions), the total displacement of the ship increased to 8170 tons. With the change in displacement, other main design shipbuilding characteristics of the cruiser (waterline length, draft, and some others) also changed.
In accordance with the order dated July 1, 1928 light cruiser "Profintern" was enlisted in the Baltic Sea Naval Forces and raised the naval flag of the USSR.
The cruiser had the following main dimensions: overall length 158.4 meters (at the waterline - 154.8 meters), width with armor and plating 15.35 meters (without plating and armor - 15.1 meters), draft on an even keel 5.58 meters. The freeboard of the ship was: in the bow - 7.6 meters, midships - 3.4 meters and in the stern - 3.7 meters.
The cruiser hull was divided into compartments using water- and oil-tight longitudinal and transverse bulkheads. Also, to ensure the unsinkability of the ship, it was provided for the device of a second bottom throughout the entire hull and a third bottom in some of its sections (mainly in the area of boiler rooms and engine rooms), as well as placement power plant in seven boiler rooms and four turbine watertight compartments.
The armor protection of the cruiser formed two contours, based on the principle of invulnerability from damaging factors (shells and fragments) of the artillery of its main opponents - destroyers and light cruisers. The first contour of armor protection limited the space between the sides of the ship and its decks (upper and lower), and the second - between the sides and the lower deck. The platform, which closed the last contour from below, was not armored, since it was located below the waterline. The side armor of the secondary circuit of increased thickness protected the vital centers of the ship - boiler rooms and engine rooms. The 25-mm armored belt of the first circuit, included in the calculation of the longitudinal strength of the ship's hull and made of sheets of uncemented Krupp steel, had a height of 2.25 meters and ran along the entire length of the ship, covering the side from the upper to the lower deck. The main armor belt, 75 mm thick, was located below and extended almost along the entire length of the ship. This belt consisted of 2.1 meters high Krupp steel cemented slabs. In the area of the 125th frame, the belt ended with an armored traverse 50 mm thick. The lower part of the main armor belt dropped 1.2 meters below the waterline and rested on the side edges of the platform, and the upper part closed the contour of the lower deck flooring. The planking of the lower and upper decks was 20 mm thick. The stern valance, starting from the armored traverse, was protected by 25 mm armor.
A significant disadvantage of booking, according to the shipbuilding committee of the naval ministry, was the lack of armor protection for chimneys and boiler casings.
As a source of steam for the turbines, the cruiser was equipped with four universal and nine oil boilers of the Yarrow-Vulcan type with a working steam pressure of 17.0 kg / cm². The boilers were installed in seven boiler rooms; the first boiler room housed one boiler, and the rest - two. The total mass of the power plant was 1950 tons. Normal stock fuel of about 370-500 tons of oil and 130 tons of coal provided the cruiser with a sixteen-hour run at a speed of 29.5 knots (470 nautical miles) and twenty-four hours at a speed of 24.0 knots (576 nautical miles).
The power electrical equipment of the cruiser was represented by a bow power station, which was located on the platform in the area of the 25-31st frames and was equipped with two diesel generators (diesel dynamo) direct current with a capacity of 75 kW each and a switchboard that allowed switching with electricity consumers and manage the various operating modes of the generators. In the aft part of the ship, there was an aft power station located on the platform in the area of the 103-108th frame, but it was equipped not with diesel generators, like the bow power plant, but with two turbine generators (turbodynamo) of direct current of a higher power - 125 kW each. Here, in the stern, there was also the main switchboard of the aft power plant, which performed the same functions as the switchboard of the bow power plant. The turbines were fed with fresh steam from the steam line of the auxiliary mechanisms, and the spent steam was also discharged into the cooler of the auxiliary mechanisms. The on-board network voltage was 225 volts.
Main caliber consisted of fifteen 130-mm 55-caliber guns (B-7) of the 1913 model. The vertical guidance angle of the guns ranged from −5 ° to + 30 °, horizontal - 360 °. Total ammunition - 2625 rounds.
Torpedo armament the cruiser consisted of two three-pipe 533-mm torpedo tubes 39-Yu of the first series. Ammunition consisted of six torpedoes of the 53-38 type, which were in the vehicles.
Anti-submarine weapons was represented by six scoops for depth charges of the M-1 type and two carts for depth charges of the B-1 type. The stock of bombs was: ten B-1 depth charges and twenty - M-1.
As mine weapons the ship could take on the upper deck up to 90 mines of the KB-3 type or up to 100 naval mines of the 1926 model.
For setting up camouflage smoke screens, the cruiser was equipped with DA-2B smoke equipment with a continuous operation time of up to 30 minutes and 30 marine smoke bombs of the MDSh type. The stock of smoke substances in the barrels was 860 kilograms.
Anti-chemical protection was provided by three FPK-300 filters, the supply of degassing substances on board was: 2.5 tons of solid chemicals and 300 kilograms of liquid. To protect personnel, 582 sets of special protective clothing were provided.
Navigation and communication equipment (data as of November 1943)In 1930, shortly after arriving in Sevastopol, the cruiser "Profintern" was retrofitted with one more pair of three-pipe 450-mm torpedo tubes, installed on the upper deck on board on special sponsons.
During the repairs, which took place in the summer of 1941, the ship was equipped with demagnetizing windings of the LPTI system.
At the end of 1941, instead of the aft pair of 21-K cannons, 12.7-mm Vickers anti-aircraft machine-gun mounts were installed.
During the repairs in 1943-1944, the cruiser's anti-aircraft armament was slightly modernized. "Red Crimea"... The remaining 45-mm 21-K guns were removed and two 37-mm 70-K assault rifles were delivered.
In addition to all of the above facts of modernization on the ship, in the process of repairs and operation, the locations and the number of combat artillery and mine posts, range finders, searchlights, as well as appearance and the height of the masts.
This action, being then the first for the warships of the USSR, which was breaking out of the impasse of foreign policy isolation and therefore attaching political significance to it, was successful.
At the end of 1929, to provide the crews with a good maritime practice and the extension of the training period, the command of the Navy decided to send a detachment of ships on a long voyage in winter storms. The Practical Detachment of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces set out on a long voyage, consisting of the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna and the cruiser Profintern. The detachment was supposed to go from Kronstadt through the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea to Naples and back. The commander of the brigade of battleships of the Baltic Sea L. M. Haller was appointed as the commander of the detachment.
Leaving Brest, rounding Cape San Vincent and passing Gibraltar, the detachment of ships headed for Sardinia. From January 8, 1930, the cruiser Profintern and the battleship Paris Commune were on a business visit to Cagliari, and from January 14 in Naples, where the ships were visited by A. M. Gorky.
After the detachment left Naples, taking into account the damage to the ships, which were not fully eliminated, and the fatigue of the crews, the naval command decided to send them to Sevastopol for thorough repairs. On January 18, 1930, having covered 6269 nautical miles in 57 days, the cruiser Profintern and the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna dropped anchors in the Sevastopol roadstead. It was decided not to return the cruiser and battleship that completed the long voyage to the Baltic, but in order to strengthen it, be included in the Black Sea Naval Forces.
In October 1933, the cruiser Profintern paid a visit to Turkey.
On October 31, 1939 the cruiser "Profintern" was renamed into "Red Crimea".
On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the tactical reorganization of the USSR Black Sea Fleet was carried out. As a result of the reorganization, large surface ships were united into a squadron based in Sevastopol and including the battleship Paris Commune, the Light Forces Detachment and a brigade of cruisers. The cruiser "Red Crimea" was included in the cruiser brigade. Together with the "Red Crimea" the brigade included the light cruisers "Krasny Kavkaz" and "Chervona Ukraina", as well as the 1st division of Novik-class destroyers and the 2nd division of destroyers of the "Gnevny" type.
On June 22, 1941, the cruiser Krasny Krym met at the Ordzhonikidze Sevastopol Marine Plant, where it had been under repair since May. In connection with the outbreak of hostilities renovation work on the cruiser were accelerated and by the second half of August the ship entered service.
After leaving the repair "Red Crimea" almost immediately began to perform the assigned combat missions. August 22, 1941 a detachment of ships as part of the cruiser "Red Crimea", destroyers
They were to become the strongest ships in their class. However, they entered service with a fifteen-year delay, already in another state and under new names. About one of these cruisers who served faithfully home country almost three decades, who passed the Great Patriotic War with honor and deserved the title of Guards, and the story will go in this article.
"Svetlana": history of creation
After the defeat of the Russian Empire in the Russo-Japanese War, the state of the Russian fleet was deplorable - it lost almost all of its main class warships. Of the numerous cruising forces in the Baltic and the Pacific Ocean, only nine combat-ready ships remained (there were two more cruisers on the Black Sea). The new naval forces were to be built virtually from scratch, but the shipbuilding program required for this and a clear concept for the use of the fleet were missing. It was only in 1912 that the Minister of the Navy managed to secure an appropriation of 500 million rubles, necessary for the construction of a full-fledged fleet. In addition to other ships, the program provided for the construction of four light cruisers for the Baltic Sea and two for the Black Sea (later the number of light cruisers for the Black Sea Fleet was also brought to four).
The main tasks of the light cruiser were reconnaissance, patrol service, support of their destroyers and the destruction of enemy, mine laying in enemy waters. Light cruisers were supposed to carry protection and weapons that would allow them to engage in battle with enemy ships of a similar class. The initial task for the light cruiser project provided for armament from one 203-mm gun and four to six 120-mm guns installed in the turrets, but over time, this composition of weapons was abandoned, preferring to switch to a single caliber. They also abandoned the turret arrangement of artillery because of the lower rate of fire of such installations in comparison with casemate and deck installations. After final approval technical characteristics of the future cruiser in April 1912, a competition was held, in which the project of the Putilov plant was recognized as the best. In September 1912, at a meeting of the Technical Council of the Main Directorate of Shipbuilding, it was decided to instruct the Putilov and Revel plants to develop the final design of the cruiser and submit it for approval to the Naval Ministry. The performance characteristics of the cruiser are shown in the table at the end of the article.
The main distinguishing features of the new cruisers were the armor protection of the hull, which consisted of two belts (covering most of the freeboard) with a maximum thickness of 75 mm, which provided protection from destroyer guns and German cruisers until they were re-equipped with 150 mm artillery. Fifteen new 130-mm guns of the Obukhov plant were distinguished by a high rate of fire (up to 15 rounds per minute) and a long firing range. Each gun had its own individual armored projectile lift, so the declared rate of fire could well be achievable not only on paper. The free layout of components and assemblies, as well as the high displacement provided the ship with excellent survivability under artillery fire. Steam turbine power point allowed to develop high speed(up to 30 knots), most of the steam boilers had oil heating, the rest were mixed (coal-oil). In general, for its time the project was very successful, and if the cruiser entered service as planned (in 1915-1916), it would become one of the strongest in its class.
Two cruisers - "Svetlana" (named after the armored cruiser who heroically died in the Battle of Tsushima) and "Admiral Greig" - were built at the Russo-Baltic plant in Revel, two more - "Admiral Spiridov" and "Admiral Butakov" - at Putilovskoye plant in St. Petersburg. The cost of each cruiser without armor and weapons was 8.3 million rubles.
The appearance of the cruiser "Svetlana"
Source: navy.su
The cruiser "Svetlana" (later the whole series was named after him) was laid down at the Revel plant in November 1913, and the planned readiness date was set for the autumn of 1915. Alas, the construction of the plant itself was not yet completed, so the actual construction began only in April 1914. The steam turbine installation of the cruiser was created with the help of the German company Vulkan. With the beginning of the war, cooperation with the Germans ceased, which affected the timing of the cruiser commissioning. By the end of 1914, the readiness of "Svetlana" was 31.9%, the rest of the ships in the series - on average, about 10%. On November 28, 1915, the cruiser "Svetlana" was launched, a year later boilers and turbines were installed on it. At the end of 1916, the Svetlana's readiness was 81% for the hull and 75% for the mechanisms.
Svetlana on completion in Reval, February 1916. In the foreground - the hull of the destroyer "Gabriel"
At the end of 1916, the commander and part of the crew arrived at the Svetlana, and the development of equipment began. Commissioning was planned for the autumn of 1917, but these terms were disrupted. The German offensive on Riga and the Moonzund Islands created the threat of the capture of Revel. To avoid the capture of the unfinished ships by the Germans, it was decided to transfer them to Petrograd. By November 13, the parts made for them, as well as the most valuable equipment of the factory workshops, were loaded onto the Svetlana and Admiral Greig, after which the ships were towed to the Petrograd Admiralty Plant. By this time, Svetlana's hull readiness was 85%. After the October Revolution, work on the completion of the cruiser continued for some time, but stopped in March 1918 (by that time, the overall readiness of the ship was 80%).
Completion of the cruiser
For seven long years, the cruiser stood in the pool of the Admiralty Plant. Finally, in 1924, funds were allocated for its completion. Initially, it was planned to re-equip the ship with new 180–203 mm guns placed in the turrets, but completion in this form would require serious intervention in the design of the already completely finished hull. Therefore, it was decided to complete the construction of the Svetlana according to the original project, but to replace the 63-mm anti-aircraft guns with 75-mm guns of the Möller system, increasing their number to nine, and to install three triple 450-mm torpedo tubes on the upper deck. In addition, the cruiser was adapted to receive two seaplanes taking off from the water. To lift them aboard, two cargo booms with a carrying capacity of 1.5 tons were installed between the second and third chimneys.
On February 5, 1925 "Svetlana" changed its name to "Profintern". In October 1926, the cruiser was transferred to Kronstadt for docking and inspection of the underwater part. On April 26, 1927, acceptance tests began, in which the ship reached a speed of over 29 knots. On July 1, 1928, the cruiser Profintern was enlisted in the Baltic Sea Forces (MSBM) and raised the naval flag.
"Profintern" shortly after entering service, 1929
Source: kreiser.unoforum.pro
Hikes, exercises, upgrades
Already in August, the Profintern, together with other ships, took part in a cruise to the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea. A year later (in August 1929), he set off on his first overseas voyage, arriving with the cruiser Aurora and destroyers in the German port of Swinemunde.
Profintern during a visit to Swinemunde
Source: tsushima.su
In order to extend the period of practical navigation (at the end of November the Gulf of Finland was already covered with ice), it was decided to send part of the ships from the Baltic on a long overseas voyage to Naples without calling in other foreign ports. For this, in November 1929, the Profintern, together with the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna, became part of the MSBM Practical Detachment, the commander of which was L. M. Haller. Several transports were allocated to escort the ships and refuel them.
During the voyage, which began on November 22, the sailors faced unforeseen difficulties. After the ships left for the North Sea, due to the error of mechanics, who did not take into account the difference in the salinity of the water in the Baltic and the North Sea, boilers boiled on the ships. Difficulties arose with bunkering in the open sea - due to strong winds and waves, this operation took two days. In the Bay of Biscay, the ships were met by a severe storm. From the blows of the waves on the "Profintern" the seams of the hull parted, and water began to flow into the boiler room. Realizing that it would not be possible to cope with such damage on his own, L. M. Haller decided to enter the French port of Brest. On December 4, Soviet ships stopped at the outer roadstead of Brest, where they began repairs on their own. After completing the repairs, on December 7, the ships went to sea again. However, unable to withstand the next battle with the elements (the wind reached 12 points, the wave height - 10 m), on December 10, they returned to Brest. This time, the battleship "Paris Commune" needed repairs - on it, unable to withstand the blows of the waves, the nose attachment collapsed. The repair took two weeks, but due to the continuing storm, the detachment went to sea only on December 26, heading for Gibraltar.
A passing wave behind the cruiser "Profintern", Bay of Biscay
Source: tsushima.su
New, 1930, Soviet sailors met in the city of Cagliari (the island of Sardinia). On January 6, permission was obtained to go ashore, and the sailors for the first time in a month and a half felt solid ground under their feet. On January 8, the ships arrived in Naples - the final goal of the campaign. However, the command of the detachment feared that the ships battered by the storm would not withstand another storm test in the Atlantic, and they requested permission to go to Sevastopol to wait out the winter and be repaired there. Such permission was obtained, and on January 18 the ships arrived in Sevastopol, having covered 6269 miles in 57 days. Later it was decided not to return the battleship and cruiser to the Baltic, but to include them in the naval forces Black Sea (MSFM). In March 1930, the Profintern, together with the cruisers Chervona Ukraina and Krasny Kavkaz, became part of the cruiser division (since 1932 - brigade) of the MSCHM. The next decade passed for the cruiser in voyages, exercises and the development of the Black Sea theater of operations.
"Profintern" in the early 30s
Source: kreiser.unoforum.pro
In 1935-1938 "Profintern" underwent a major overhaul and modernization at the Sevmorzavod, during which its boilers were completely transferred to oil heating, and the coal pits were liquidated. The obsolete 75-mm guns were dismantled, instead of them, three twin mounts of 100-mm anti-aircraft guns "Minisini" made by the Italian company "OTO" were installed on the cruiser. One installation was on the forecastle (in front of the bow 130-mm gun), two - on the poop, instead of the removed torpedo tubes. In addition, six 45 mm 21-K cannons and seven 12.7 mm DK-32 machine guns (later replaced by DShK) were installed on the cruiser. The torpedo armament was transferred to the middle part of the ship, installing two three-pipe 533-mm torpedo tubes on the side (while the underwater traverse devices were dismantled). Before the start of World War II, the cruiser lost the ability to carry a seaplane - aircraft cranes were removed from it. It should be noted that the anti-aircraft armament of the cruiser was constantly increasing during the war - by 1944 it had (in addition to 100-mm and 45-mm anti-aircraft guns) ten 37-mm machine guns and two four-barreled large-caliber Vickers machine guns. For some time (from winter 1941 to 1942) the cruiser carried four 20-mm Oerlikon assault rifles.
In 1939, "Profintern" received a new name - "Red Crimea" - and became part of the brigade of the Black Sea cruisers together with the cruisers "Chervona Ukraine" and "Krasny Kavkaz".
"Red Crimea" in 1939
Source: forums.airbase.ru
"Sevastopol Express"
On June 22, 1941, the cruiser met in Sevastopol while undergoing maintenance, which ended only in August. On August 21, the "Red Crimea" together with the destroyers "Frunze" and "Zheleznyakov" left Sevastopol and arrived in Odessa a day later - its task was to fire at enemy positions on the coast. On August 23, "Krasny Krym" fired 462 shells at targets, after which, having taken on board the employees of the Odessa branch of the State Bank and 60 bags of money, returned to Sevastopol.
On September 18-19, "Krasny Krym" took part in the protection of transports with an assault force that landed at Grigorievka near Odessa. On September 21, the cruiser took on board over 1,100 troops, who were also delivered to Grigorievka. The landing from the board of the "Red Crimea" took place on September 22, while the cruiser's guns fired along the coast. Having landed the troops, "Red Crimea" returned to Novorossiysk, from where it left for Tuapse. On October 2, the cruiser landed a landing in Feodosia - 263 fighters, 36 machine guns and two 45-mm guns.
On October 28, the cruiser brigade was disbanded, and its ships were transferred directly to the command of the Black Sea Fleet squadron commander.
On October 30, the cruiser landed another landing in Sevastopol - 600 people with weapons and ammunition. Having disembarked the people on the approaching tugs, "Krasny Krym" remained in Sevastopol for artillery support of its garrison. On November 2, the cruiser was attacked by a trio of Ju-88 bombers - the bombs did not hit the target, but shrapnel from close explosions on the cruiser injured five people. On November 3, the cruiser left the city along with other ships of the Black Sea Fleet, evacuating 350 wounded, 100 civilians, documents of the Black Sea Fleet headquarters, spare torpedoes, as well as valuable equipment and mechanisms.
On November 9, "Red Crimea" returned to Sevastopol, having received the task of destroying the enemy's long-range battery in the Kachi region. On November 10, 81 shells were fired at the battery. On November 11, the cruiser's guns fired at a concentration of German infantry. On November 12, the ship survived a heavy raid by German aircraft, during which the cruiser Chervona Ukraina was sunk, destroyers Perfect and Merciless were damaged (due to intense anti-aircraft fire, German aircraft could not accurately drop bombs on the Red Crimea). On November 13 and 14, the raids were repeated, but the cruiser did not receive any damage again.
"Red Crimea" in Sevastopol. Smoke from exploding bombs is visible on the left.
Source: tsushima.su
On November 14, having taken on board the cadets of the Black Sea Fleet training unit, the personnel of the NK Naval Command, the Black Sea Fleet Prosecutor's Office, the command of the border troops, the NKVD team with the Prosecutor's Office and the Crimean Tribunal, the Black Sea Fleet Intelligence Department, as well as the family of military personnel, "Red Crimea" left Sevastopol. On November 17 he arrived in Tuapse.
On November 28, the cruiser landed 1,000 reinforcements for the Sevastopol garrison. From November 29 to December 3, he participated in the shelling of enemy troops, and on December 5 he left Sevastopol with wounded Red Army soldiers and evacuated civilians on board.
On December 10-14, the ship participated in the convoy of transports with troops from Novorossiysk to Sevastopol. On December 20, having taken on board 1,680 soldiers, together with the cruiser Krasny Kavkaz, the leader of the Kharkov, and the destroyers Bodry and Nezamozhnik, he again left for Sevastopol. Having landed the troops, the cruiser fired at the German positions for three days, and on December 23 arrived in Tuapse.
Participation in the Kerch-Feodosiya operation
At the end of 1941, the Soviet command decided to land large landings in Kerch and Feodosia in order to seize the Kerch Peninsula, then unblock the besieged Sevastopol and completely clear the Crimea of the Germans. The Red Crimea also took part in the landing in Feodosia. Initially, he was tasked with shelling the city, detecting the firing points of the Germans, and then keeping the Kerch-Feodosia road under fire in order to prevent the Germans from transferring reinforcements to Kerch.
On December 26, "Red Crimea" fired at Feodosia, but could not identify the enemy batteries. On December 27, he returned to Novorossiysk. The next day, having taken the landing (2,000 soldiers and officers of the 9th Rifle Corps), "Red Crimea" went to Feodosia. Arriving at her destination on December 29, the cruiser stood close to the coast and opened fire on German positions in the port, while boats and launches were carrying troops. German guns and mortars returned fire, and the cruiser was under fire for over two hours. During this time, 8 shells and 3 mines hit the ship - from the crew and the landing party, 18 people were killed and 45 were wounded, three 130-mm guns and a 45-mm cannon were out of order. A fire broke out on the cruiser several times, but the flames did not allow the competent actions of the emergency parties to spread. The cruiser's return fire destroyed two batteries and destroyed several machine-gun nests on the shore (the artillerymen of the "Red Crimea" used up 318 130-mm and 680 45-mm shells).
After the landing, the cruiser weighed anchor and began to retreat to the south, deep into the Feodosiya Gulf. At that moment, German aircraft attacked him. Due to skillful maneuvering and massive anti-aircraft fire, direct hits from aerial bombs were avoided, but the tightness of the hull was broken by close breaks. Water began to flow into the feed ballast tanks - however, the damage turned out to be harmless. On December 30, "Red Crimea" maneuvered in the Feodosiya Gulf, repelling attacks by German aircraft. On that day, 15 air raids were made on the cruiser in groups of 2-3 aircraft. The attacks were repelled using all possible means, including firing shrapnel shells from the main battery. Intense anti-aircraft fire and active maneuvering made it possible to avoid hits (only a few bombs fell near the cruiser). On December 31, Krasny Krym returned to Tuapse.
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