Modern methods of increasing the efficiency of foundry production. Foundry production General information about foundry production The current state and role of foundry production in mechanical engineering. Recommended list of dissertations

Technology system machine-building plant

Topic 11. Fundamentals of mechanical engineering technology

Lecture plan

11.1. Technological scheme of a machine-building plant

11.2. Essence foundry. Casting methods

11.3. Metal forming methods (rolling, drawing, pressing, forging, stamping)

11.4. The essence of the build process

11.5. Types and organizational forms build process

11.6. Ways to Improve Build Efficiency

Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of modern industry. The importance of mechanical engineering in the national economy is determined by the fact that it creates one of the most important elements of the productive forces - the tools of labor. Due to the variety of tools of production and the social division of labor, mechanical engineering is divided into separate branches, of which the main ones are: machine tool building, heavy engineering, transport, energy, agriculture, and nuclear.

Each branch of engineering has its own specific technological methods and techniques, however, in general, mechanical engineering is characterized by a commonality of raw materials (ferrous and non-ferrous metals, their alloys and the identity of the basic technological principles for turning them into parts (casting, forging, stamping, cutting), and parts into a product (welding, assembly).

In the production processes of mechanical engineering, the basic principles are used rational organization production.

At machine-building plants, the following main workshops :

v procurement: iron foundry, steel foundry, forging and pressing;

v processing: mechanical, thermal;

v producing products: assembly.

Organization industrial production built according to one of the principles - technological, subject or mixed. The above division of the main workshops is inherent in the technological principle of the organization of production. With the objective principle of organizing production, equipment for the manufacture of specific parts or assembly units is concentrated in separate workshops of the enterprise. With a mixed principle - in separate workshops, technologically homogeneous parts are processed and the same type of technological processes and operations are performed.

Otherwise, the structure of machine production is not much different from other industries, i.e. There are auxiliary workshops and secondary workshops, various services and facilities, enterprise management bodies that organize the production process and control it, ensure the development of technical documentation and technological equipment, accounting, and marketing of finished products.

Thus, machine-building enterprise is a set of a number of industries connected by a single technological process. Depending on the scale of production, the possibilities of cooperating with other enterprises, and a number of other technical and economic conditions, the machine-building plant either carries out the entire technological process itself, i.e. manufactures all parts of the machine and assembles it, or manufactures only the main components of the machine, and receives parts and semi-finished products (castings, forgings) from other specialized enterprises and only processes them and then assembles them in its workshops. The technological scheme of the machine-building plant is as follows: raw materials and fuel from the charge yards, where they are stored and properly prepared for production, go to foundries that produce castings. The resulting casting is sent to the machine shop, where the blanks made by forging and stamping in the forging and pressing shop also come. In the mechanical workshop, further processing of blanks is carried out by cutting on various metal-cutting machines. In addition to processing cast and forged blanks, metal-cutting machines produce parts from rolled products. Parts that require heat treatment are sent to the heat shop.

Finished parts from machine shop are sent to the assembly shop, where the finished parts of their other shops arrive. Mechanical and assembly shops are often located in the same building, which reduces the cost of intra-factory transportation of parts and assemblies. The most common processes in mechanical engineering are casting, rolling, drawing and pressing, forging, stamping, welding, machining processes (cutting).

Foundry called the processes of obtaining shaped products (castings) by pouring molten metal into the resulting form, reproducing the shape and dimensions of the future part. After the metal hardens in the mold, a casting is obtained, i.e. workpiece or part.

In the structure of the cost of casting, the main share is the cost of metal (up to 80%). Making a technical and economic analysis of foundry production, Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to those stages and elements of the technological process that are directly related to possible metal losses due to waste, spatter, rejects, etc. The cost of casting depends on the volume of production, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes.

With all the variety of casting techniques that have developed over a long period of development of its technology, the basic scheme of the casting process has not changed much and includes 4 main stage :

1. Metal melting.

2. Making molds and cores.

3. Pouring liquid metal into a mold.

4. Extraction of the hardened casting from the mold.

Advantages foundry:

v the possibility of obtaining complex thin-walled castings with the rational use of metal;

v low cost of production;

v relative ease of obtaining castings.

disadvantages foundry:

ü low labor productivity;

ü heterogeneity of the composition and reduced density of the workpiece material.

There are the following casting methods:

◭ casting in disposable sand-clay molds (earth);

◭ mold casting (permanent metal molds);

◭ injection molding;

◭ centrifugal casting method;

◭ investment casting;

◭ shell casting or cork casting;

◭ casting into thin-walled one-time molds;

◭ electroslag casting.

All of the above casting methods, except earth casting, are called special casting methods. Castings are widely used in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, construction.

The most common and relatively simple way casting - casting into disposable sandy-clayey forms. Up to 80% of castings are obtained by this method. Sand-clay molds can be prepared either directly in the soil (in the floor of the foundry) according to templates, or in special flask boxes according to models. Large castings are made in the soil, small ones are made in flask molds.

Technological process the production of castings in flask molds consists of three stages: preparatory, main (Fig. 11.2.1) and final.

The preparatory stage includes the design and manufacture of pattern equipment.

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Cast alloys

Requirements for materials used to produce castings:

The composition of the materials must ensure that the specified physical-mechanical and physical-chemical properties are obtained in the casting; properties and structure must be stable throughout the life of the casting.

The materials must have good casting properties (high fluidity, low shrinkage, low tendency to cracking and absorption of gases, tightness), weld well, and be easy to process with a cutting tool. They should not be toxic and harmful for production. It is necessary that they provide manufacturability in production conditions and be economical.

Casting properties of alloys

Obtaining high-quality castings without cavities, cracks and other defects depends on the casting properties of the alloys, which appear during mold filling, crystallization and cooling of castings in the mold. The main casting properties of alloys include: fluidity, shrinkage of alloys, tendency to cracking, gas absorption, segregation.

Fluidity – the ability of molten metal to flow through the channels of the mold, fill its cavities and clearly reproduce the contours of the casting.

With high fluidity, the alloys fill all elements of the mold.

Fluidity depends on many factors: on the temperature range of crystallization, viscosity and surface tension of the melt, pouring and mold temperature, mold properties, etc.

Pure metals and alloys that solidify at a constant temperature have better fluidity than alloys that solidify over a range of temperatures (solid solutions). The higher the viscosity, the lower the fluidity. As the surface tension increases, the fluidity decreases. With an increase in the pouring temperature of the molten metal and the mold, the fluidity improves. Increasing the thermal conductivity of the mold material reduces fluidity. So, the sand mold removes heat more slowly, and the molten metal fills it better than the metal mold. The presence of non-metallic inclusions reduces fluidity. The chemical composition of the alloy also affects (with an increase in the content of sulfur, oxygen, chromium, the fluidity decreases; with an increase in the content of phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, carbon, the fluidity increases).

Shrinkage – the property of metals and alloys to reduce volume upon cooling in the molten state, during solidification, and in the solidified state upon cooling to ambient temperature. The change in volume depends on the chemical composition of the alloy, the temperature of the pour, the configuration of the casting.

Distinguish volumetric and linear shrinkage.

As a result of volumetric shrinkage, shrinkage cavities and shrinkage porosity appear in the massive parts of the casting.

To prevent the formation of shrinkage cavities, profits are installed - additional tanks with molten metal, as well as external or internal refrigerators.

Linear shrinkage determines the dimensional accuracy of the resulting castings, so it is taken into account in the development of casting technology and the manufacture of pattern equipment.

Linear shrinkage is: for gray cast iron - 0.8 ... 1.3%; for carbon steels - 2 ... 2.4%; for aluminum alloys - 0.9 ... 1.45%; for copper alloys - 1.4 ... 2.3%.

Gas absorption – the ability of cast alloys in the molten state to dissolve hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and other gases. The degree of solubility of gases depends on the state of the alloy: with an increase in the temperature of the hard alloy, it increases slightly; increases during melting; increases sharply when the melt is overheated. During solidification and subsequent cooling, the solubility of gases decreases, as a result of their release in the casting, gas shells and pores can form.

The solubility of gases depends on the chemical composition of the alloy, the pouring temperature, the viscosity of the alloy, and the properties of the mold.

Segregation– heterogeneity of the chemical composition of the alloy in various parts of the casting. Segregation is formed during the solidification of the casting, due to the different solubility of the individual components of the alloy in its solid and liquid phases. In steels and cast irons, sulfur, phosphorus and carbon are noticeably eliminated.

Distinguish segregation honal, when different parts of the casting have different chemical composition, and dendritic, When chemical heterogeneity is observed in each grain.

Specialty HAC RF05.16.04
Number of pages 142

Chapter 1

1.1. Main directions of use computer science in the foundry.

1.2. Optimization methods for calculating the charge.

1.2.1. Overview of methods that can be used to calculate the charge

1.2.2. Review software tools for charge calculation.

1.3. Methods for calculating corrective additives.

1.4. Ways to reduce the rejection of castings due to segregation.

1.5. Evaluation of the influence of alloying elements on the graphitization of cast iron.

1.6. Evaluation of the action time of graphitizing modifiers.

1.7. Establishment of the dependencies of the properties of gray cast iron on the chemical composition, modification, alloying and pouring temperature.

1.8. Methods for reducing losses when pouring metal into molds.

Chapter 2

Chapter 3 Development software for solving problems of charge calculation and optimization of the work of melting and pouring departments of foundries.

3.1. Development of software for charge calculation and corrective additives.

3.2. Development of software for calculating additions to the ladle and selecting molds for pouring.

Chapter 4. Results of experiments and their implementation in industry 77 4.1. Testing of software for charge calculation and corrective additives.

4.1.1. Refinement of the assimilation coefficients of elements from charge materials.

4.1.2. Using charge calculation data to assess harmful emissions from smelters.

4.2. Investigation of the process of transfer of structural components during the solidification of cast iron.

4.3. Evaluation of the action of alloying elements in the alloy as graphitisers.

4.4. Evaluation of the duration of action of graphitizing modifiers.

4.5. Testing of software for calculation of additions to the ladle and selection of molds for pouring.

Recommended list of dissertations

Development of a technology for removing chill in castings from gray cast iron grade SCh30 by treating the melt with a complex mixed dispersed modifier based on carbon and silicon 2010, Candidate of Technical Sciences Chaikin, Andrey Vladimirovich
Improving the properties of castings from metal alloys by modifying and microalloying zirconium alloys obtained from the baddeleyite concentrate of the Algaminskoye deposit of the Far East region 2011, candidate of technical sciences Belous, Tatyana Viktorovna
Combined Effect of Technological Parameters of Modification and Microalloying on the Structure and Properties of Structural Cast Irons 2009, Doctor of Technical Sciences Boldyrev, Denis Alekseevich
Selection and substantiation of the mode of high-temperature treatment of the melt of cast die steel in order to improve its structure and properties 2015, candidate of technical sciences Mikhalkina, Irina Vladimirovna
Fundamentals of the theory and technology of utilization of dispersed wastes of mechanical engineering in the production of shaped castings from ferrous metals 2000, Doctor of Technical Sciences Safronov, Nikolai Nikolaevich

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Improving the efficiency of steel and iron foundries based on improving the calculation of the charge and the preparation of metal melts for pouring"

Relevance. Increasing the efficiency of foundry production is associated with solving the problems of resource saving and improving product quality.

Due to the lack of centralized supplies of charge materials, caused by a reduction in the output of foundry iron and an increase in their cost, the quality of the feedstock for the production of castings and blanks has been noticeably reduced. Many enterprises are forced to use raw materials with a noticeable difference in the content of alloying components and impurities. For this reason, the requirements of customers who determine the composition and properties of products cannot be fully satisfied, since even relatively small deviations in chemical composition alloys often entail a change in their casting characteristics, the appearance various kinds defects in the structure and geometric accuracy of the casting.

Therefore, the development of software products on the calculation of the charge and corrective additives to obtain and refine the required composition of the alloy, as well as to optimize the operation of the melting and pouring sections of foundry shops.

Objective. Increasing the efficiency of production at machine-building and metallurgy enterprises specializing in the production of iron and steel castings by minimizing the costs of smelting and finishing liquid metal.

Research objectives: 1. Determination of the coefficients of assimilation of alloying elements and impurities from ferroalloys during steelmaking in 3 and 6 ton EAF based on a statistical analysis of production and literature data.

2. Software development for optimization<бостава шихты и корректирующих ковшевых добавок в процессе выплавки сталей и чугунов.

3. Research and analysis of the effect of alloying, modification, pouring temperature on the technological and operational properties of gray cast iron, as well as the effect of refining and metal movement in the mold on the occurrence of structural inhomogeneity in alloys with an anomalous eutectic type.

Development of a set of software products for optimizing the work of melting and pouring departments of foundries according to the criterion of minimizing production costs.

Scientific novelty.

Experimental studies were carried out and a theoretical analysis of the process of assimilation of alloying elements was carried out, which made it possible to develop software for calculating the optimal composition of the charge and corrective additives in the production of castings and billets from iron and steel, under conditions of instability of the chemical composition and type of charge materials supplied.

It is shown that, depending on the type of supplied materials and the melting technology used, their assimilation coefficient can vary considerably. So, for silicon, the coefficient of assimilation from ferroalloys for an arc furnace was 0.75, for an induction furnace - 0.95; the coefficient of assimilation of Si from scrap for an arc furnace during melting with oxidation was 0, without oxidation - 0.6; when melting in an induction furnace - 0.8.

Mathematical dependencies have been obtained and a software product has been developed that makes it possible to calculate additives for the production of iron-based alloys of the required composition, smelted in electric arc furnaces with a capacity of 3–6 tons.

A mechanism is proposed for the occurrence of local chemical and structural inhomogeneity of castings for alloys belonging to systems with an anomalous eutectic type, due to the transfer of crystals with a high content of a non-metallic component by turbulent flows of liquid metal and their repeated involvement in the crystallization process.

The effect of silicon-containing modifiers on the graphitization of SCH20 - SChZO cast irons has been studied. It has been established that nitrogen and oxygen, which increase the tendency of cast iron to chill, have a noticeable effect on the results of graphitizing modification. With an increase in their concentration, the effect of Mn, Cr and Ti on the chill increases noticeably, which must be taken into account when choosing a modifier.

Increasing the nitrogen concentration from 0.001 to 0.018% in the presence of manganese (0.2%) and chromium (0.3%) almost doubled the chill, since nitrogen is involved in the formation of complex iron carbide.

A decrease in the oxygen content in cast iron from 0.0035 to 0.002% contributed to a decrease in chill depth (11%) and an increase in the modifying ability of silicon. This feature of oxygen is largely related to the change in the dynamics of the action of the modifier over time. The strongest, but short-term effect is provided by pure silicon. And the most stable results were obtained when using FS60Ba22 containing aluminum in its composition.

Analytical dependences have been obtained that describe the change in the value of cast iron chill with time when using various modifiers.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the assimilation of the alloy components, as well as the melting technology, a method is proposed for calculating harmful emissions during melting in electric arc furnaces.

Practical significance.

Software has been developed and implemented on personal computers, which makes it possible, in the conditions of operating steel and iron foundries, to solve problems of choosing the optimal composition of charge materials and corrective additives, in relation to the conditions of small-scale production of cast iron castings workshops for large-scale casting of gray iron.

The software for selecting molds with the optimal total metal consumption for pouring in large gray iron casting shops was transferred to the Kashirsky Tsentrolit plant.

Implementation. Personal computer software for choosing the optimal composition of charge materials and corrective additives for the production of carbon and low-alloy steels was introduced in the shaped and foundry shop of OAO Severstal with an economic effect.

Approbation of work. The main provisions of the dissertation were reported at 6 conferences: zonal scientific and technical. conference in Yaroslavl in 1990, International scientific and practical. conference in Moscow in 2000, 3rd All-Russian scientific and practical. conference in St. Petersburg in 2002, International scientific and technical. conference in Volgograd in 2002, Russian scientific and technical. conference in Rybinsk in 2002.

Publications. The results, the main provisions of the dissertation were published in 4 articles and 6 abstracts of reports at conferences.

Dissertation volume. The work consists of an introduction, 4 chapters, general conclusions and a list of references. Set out on 140 typewritten pages

Similar theses in the specialty "Foundry", 05.16.04 VAK code

Development of a new composition of wear-resistant cast iron for castings of pump parts 2002, candidate of technical sciences Potapov, Mikhail Gennadievich
Development of methods and means for improving the quality of production of piston ring castings 2013, candidate of technical sciences Arustamyan, Aram Ivanovich
Development of SHS technology for obtaining silicon-titanium alloys for steel alloying 2014, Candidate of Technical Sciences Shaimardanov, Kamil Ramilevich
Development of scientific bases of thermal and electromagnetic effects on melts and development of resource-saving technologies for obtaining high-quality castings from aluminum alloys 2012, Doctor of Technical Sciences Deev, Vladislav Borisovich
Formation of a Rational Structure and Increasing the Stability of the Properties of Graphitized Cast Irons for the Automotive Industry by Their Modification and Microalloying 2013, Doctor of Technical Sciences Boldyrev, Denis Alekseevich

Dissertation conclusion on the topic "Foundry", Mikhailov, Dmitry Petrovich

7. The results of the work were implemented at OAO Severstal in the conditions of a shaped and foundry shop, which ensured the stabilization of the compositions of the steels being smelted, the savings in alloying additives during steel smelting, the reduction in the duration of melting, waste losses, and the consumption of basic and auxiliary materials. The economic effect of the development in the production of carbon and low-alloy steels amounted to more than 4 c.u./t or 1,500,000 rubles per year.

List of references for dissertation research Candidate of Technical Sciences Mikhailov, Dmitry Petrovich, 2003

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CONFERENCES SEMINARS EXHIBITIONS 121

IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY AND INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FOUNDRY PRODUCTION

The scientific and practical seminar "IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY AND INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FOUNDRY PRODUCTION" was held on October 7-10, 2008 within the framework of the XII International Forum "Russian Industrialist".

The forum brought together industrialists and entrepreneurs from many regions of Russia, as well as representatives of countries near and far abroad. Every year this seminar becomes more and more representative, and its program is supplemented by the most relevant topics and directions that meet the requirements and demands of today. The holding of the forum is one of the most important events in the business calendar of St. Petersburg and all of Russia.

In 2008, the agenda of the forum included a discussion of the most important issues related to the introduction of innovative technologies and the development of small business. In the address of the Governor of St. Petersburg V.I. Matvienko to the participants and guests of the International Forum "Russian Industrialist" it was noted that its subject matter fully meets the interests of the city (metropolis), the objectives of its industrial policy, aimed competitive world-class products.

An important event included in the program of the event was the holding of a scientific and practical seminar "Improving technology and increasing the efficiency of foundry production", which was held under the scientific guidance of prof., Dr. tech. Sciences Tkachenko Stanislav Stepanovich - President of the Association of foundry workers of St. Petersburg.

The seminar was attended by specialists in the field of foundry and metallurgy: FGUTT "PA" Oktyabr", OJSC "Rostvertol", OJSC "NPK "Ural-Vagonzavod", CJSC "Kazan Giproniyaviaprom", CJSC "Tekhnologiya-M", OJSC "BiKZ ”, OJSC GPNII-5, OJSC AK OZNA, Polygon LLC, KomMod, Escalada, Rontal-Impex, SevZapEnergo, TsNIIM, as well as the State Polytechnic Institute (Technical University), Department of "Automation of technological processes and production" of the St. Petersburg State Mining Institute (Technical University), etc.

A number of reports at the seminar aroused particular interest of the participants: “New materials and foundry technologies (G.A. Kosnikov, GPTU), “Computer analysis of foundry technology - problems and prospects” (V.M. Golod, GPTU), “Cast aluminum alloys and technologies for obtaining high-quality castings from them "(A.A. Abramov, TsNIIM),

“Complex modifiers for steel casting” (N.V. Ternovy, “KomMod”), “Computer modeling system “Polygon” (E.A. Ishkhanov), “Modern technologies of iron casting” (S.S. Tkachenko, GPTU), “The experience of the enterprise in improving the technology of injection molding” (S.L. Samoilov, “Escalada”), “New foundry steels and technologies for obtaining high-quality castings from them” (G.A. Shemonaeva, TsNIIM), “Modern technologies of titanium casting” (A.M. Podpalkin, TsNIIM), “Computer analysis of model casting technology and the use of exothermic materials to improve the quality of castings” (D.A. Lukovnikov, Rontal-Impex), “Casting technologies using vacuum film molding” (V.D. Ryabinkin, TsNIIM), "Experience in the manufacture of pattern equipment" (T.N. Gavrilova, "SevZapEnergo"), "Possibilities of using modern metal hardness testers and eddy current flaw detectors" (M.Yu. Koroteev, "Konstanta" ) and etc.

On October 9, an off-site meeting was held at the Contact Network Fittings Plant, where the problems “Production of investment casting” and “Production of casting using gasified models” (A.A. Lisova) were discussed.

On the final day of the seminar on October 10, an exchange of experience took place on the considered problems of foundry production and a discussion of the speeches of the seminar participants.

In the decision of the seminar, it was noted that the main procurement base of machine building is foundry production, the development of which depends on the level of the machine-building complex as a whole. The machine-building complex of Russia includes about 7,500 enterprises. The share of mechanical engineering in the total industrial output is about 20%, including the share of machine tool building and instrument making is 2.5%.

At present, there are about 1,650 foundries in Russia, which, according to expert estimates, produced 7.68 million tons of castings in 2006, including 5.28 million tons of cast iron, 1.3 million tons of steel, from non-ferrous alloys - 1.1 million tons.

In 1980, in the USSR, the volume of production of castings from alloys of ferrous and non-ferrous metals amounted to 25.8 million tons. - whether the technical potential (capacity) is more than 2 million tons. ^ The foundry production of the Minstankoprom was considered the flagship of the USSR in the production of iron castings, especially large ones. During this period, foundries out- | advanced technological processes of melting, 5 shaping, finishing operations were used. In the foundry

122 CONFERENCES SEMINARS EXHIBITIONS

about a dozen research institutes of all-Union significance worked in production. The Minstankoprom produced 70,000 metal-cutting and 20,000 forging and pressing machines.

The production volumes of cast billets are in proportion to the volumes of production of machine-building products, since the share of cast parts in cars, tractors, combines, tanks, aircraft, etc. is 40-50%, and in metal-cutting machines and forging equipment reaches 80% of the mass and up to 25% of the cost of the product.

A sharp decline, since the 1990s, in the production of metal-cutting, woodworking machine tools and forging and pressing equipment, as well as power equipment for heavy engineering, shipbuilding, tractors, military equipment, etc., has led to a decrease in the production of castings in Russia from 18.5 million tons in 1991 to 4.85 million tons in 2000. Specialized centrolite plants for machine tool building with a total capacity of about 1 million tons of castings per year, created in the 1970s, could not stand the competition, lost orders and practically ceased their activities. Foundries working on the surviving mills

construction plants, in 2006 produced (according to expert assessment) 190-195 thousand tons of castings for their own production and external customers.

A rather complicated situation has developed. If orders for machine tools now appear, foundries will not be able to produce high-quality, competitive castings, and none of the remaining foundries can produce castings weighing more than 30 tons. There are almost no highly qualified foundry specialists left in the industry, both workers and engineers, and most of the research institutes have been liquidated.

There is an urgent need for reconstruction of foundry shops, which should be carried out on the basis of new, environmentally friendly technological processes and materials, progressive melting, mixing-preparation and shaping equipment, ensuring the production of high-quality castings that meet European and world standards.

S.S. Tkachenko, I.N. Beloglazov

St. Petersburg State Mining Institute (Technical University)

HN>UU fcxrnuSiOft ihOuSTl

Official representative of Aluminco s.a. in Russia, EvrAzMetall-Center

ALUMINCO S.A. formed in 1982 in Greece. During its existence, it has become one of the largest companies in Europe in the area aluminum production. It supplies its products to more than 60 countries of the world. The production capacities of the company allow to produce up to 7000 tons of aluminum profiles per year, up to 1000 tons of aluminum castings, up to 50000 pieces. aluminum sandwich panels.

The production and technology group includes:

extruder with a capacity of 7000 tons of profiles per year; Foundry;

painting line with preliminary anodizing; sandwich panel production line; bending line;

assembly shops;

tool line for the production of matrices; design department; design studio.

The quality of the products is certified by ISO 9001, QUALICOAT and BUREAU VERITAS. ALUMINCO S.A. campaign products:

7 profile systems designed for the manufacture of windows, doors, facades, office partitions, etc., in various combinations, which can work in both hot and cold climates, with various wind loads;

door aluminum sandwich panels of about 1000 different configurations, intended for use both for internal and external doors;

cast aluminum gratings; gates and wickets made of cast aluminum; Street lights; outdoor and garden furniture; visors over entrance doors; stair railing;

small architectural forms (columns, pylons, cornices, ports, etc.).

In 1996, for the first time in Russia, elements of decorative design of internal facades were used during the construction of the Okhotny Ryad shopping center on Manezhnaya Square.

Subsequently, the products of ALUMINCO S.A. were used in the construction of various shopping centers, residential buildings, settlements and other urban and social facilities.

Our website: www.aluminco.ru

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Modern methods of increasing the efficiency of foundry production. Foundry production General information about foundry production The current state and role of foundry production in mechanical engineering. Recommended list of dissertations

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