Industrial railway Industrial railway transport at the enterprise. See what "Industrial railway transport" is in other dictionaries

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Industrial rail transport

Organization of external and internal transportation of enterprises various forms The property is engaged in industrial transport. The predominant role in the transportation work of industrial transport is occupied by the railway (70-80% of the total volume).

Industrial rail transport, on the one hand, is an integral part of production (technological transportation), and on the other hand, it is the most important link in the unified transport system of the Russian Federation (circulation operations).

Industrial railway transport provides for four main forms of maintenance of non-public railway tracks: railways, organizations of intersectoral industrial railway transport, industry-wide integrated transport facilities, and enterprise transport shops. Industrial rail transport is a transport and technological complex that ensures the systematic movement of objects, products and means of labor in the production process, as well as interaction with the main rail transport. Together with other modes of transport and means of transportation, industrial railway transport implements technological links within the enterprise, and is also used to provide technological links between enterprises and to move workers within the enterprise. It is divided into external and internal.

External industrial transport ensures that the enterprise receives raw materials, fuel, equipment and blanks from the main transport and transfers finished products for main transport.

Internal (or intra-industrial) industrial transport performs technological transportation, moving objects of labor from one workplace to another within the boundaries of the workshop and from one workshop to another within the enterprise.

Operations performed by all types of industrial transport should be considered as constituent elements production process enterprises.

The total length of normal gauge railway tracks (1520 mm) for industrial transport exceeds the operational length of main roads. The total length of tracks of individual enterprises of the metallurgical, chemical and coal-mining industries is 300 kilometers or more.

Features of industrial railway transport engaged in a particular production are determined by the nature of this production. In the mining industry, for example, its operation depends on the depth of the mineral deposits, the method of stripping, the mining equipment used, the stages of extraction, the length of the trenches, etc. mixer type. The shunting nature of the movement prevails, the transportation range is 2-5 km.

In addition to rail transport (broad and narrow gauge), industrial road and conveyor transport has become widespread.

Along with the main transport, there is an industrial transport that performs transportation on industrial enterprises, construction sites, quarries. Industrial transport is complex complex technical means and technologies intended for the performance, transport, loading and unloading operations and warehouse operations in the field of production. By and large, industrial transport carries out initial and final transportation.

Non-public transport, which serves directly individual enterprises - agricultural, construction, etc. - ensures the normal functioning of their production.

In the composition of industrial transport, there are:

ยท intrashop technological transport;

intershop technological transport;

external industrial transport (located at the junction with public transport - it imports raw materials from main transport and transfers finished products from workshops to it)

At each enterprise, the means of industrial transport can be very different: we can use rail, road, sea, river, air, conveyor, and other types of industrial transport. These funds are used either separately or together.

Currently, enterprises widely use special technological conveyors (for bulk cargo), belt and roller conveyors, electric cars and autocars, overhead cable cars (in mines and workshops), etc. These devices are more related to intra-shop industrial transport. Intershop transport often includes road and rail industrial transport. Enterprises located on the banks of rivers and lakes use river or sea industrial transport, having their own berths, ships, storage and cargo equipment. More than 80% of all industrial transportation is carried out by rail and road industrial transport.

Specific gravity costs in industrial transport, production costs are very high and amount to 20% (in Food Industry- 7%, and in open mining - 60-65%, in processing areas - 20-25%). About 8 million people work in industrial transport.

Transportation of goods on industrial transport is 3 times more than on the main railway transport. For example, for the production of 1 ton of finished products - 1 million tons of steel, it is required to transport 17 million tons of cargo.

The average distance of transportation in industrial transport is small - an average of 6.5 km, in the main railway transport - 1000 km. For this reason, the freight turnover indicator is not used to characterize industrial transport. The main estimated indicator in industrial transport is cargo transportation.


In industrial transport, only 20% of the tracks are currently electrified, and 60% on the main line.

Industrial transport plays a leading role in the work of ferrous metallurgy, coal, chemical, construction, timber, wood and oil refining industries. Industrial transport is part of the enterprise's infrastructure.

Industrial rail transport. The total length of all types of gauge of this type of transport is 62 thousand km, while the proportion of types with normal gauge - 1520 mm - exceeds 90%. For the most part, this type of transport serves the enterprises of the forestry and metallurgical industries. Industrial transport uses electric locomotives, which differ from the main ones in their design features: the only central driver's cab is raised above the body; an electric locomotive can move in curves with a radius of up to 60 m (current collection is carried out by side current collectors); most of the wagons are specialized for certain types of cargo; low speed (up to 40 km/h); a large number of arrows and turnout crossings.

Over the past 15 years, investments in the development of industrial railway transport have been sharply reduced. As a result, 40% of the entire rolling stock is operated beyond the standard service life and requires replacement. Some of the enterprises were corporatized and access roads passed into private hands.

Industrial road transport occupies an important place in the total volume of industrial transport. Automotive industrial transport has the following advantages:

1) high versatility and maneuverability (cargo delivery throughout the entire enterprise);

2) the ability to overcome large slopes of the path;

3) has small turning radii, thereby reducing the need for large areas for cargo operations.

Disadvantages of road industrial transport:

1) high cost of transportation in comparison with rail transport

2) dependence of fuel consumption on climatic conditions;

3) the structure of the use of the car park is imperfect - special vehicles are used little, and the operational life trucks decreases sharply.

Effective use different types of transport is created by combined car - rail transport systems, as well as the involvement in the work of special vehicles - forklifts.

In industrial transport, pipeline transport, monorail aerial roads, cargo aerial cableways are also applicable in inter-shop and intra-shop transportation.

Key indicators of industrial transport. Qualitative indicators of the work of industrial transport characterize the level of use of transport and handling facilities in terms of time and power. A generalized assessment of the quality of operational work is obtained by determining the average productivity of a wagon, locomotive, automobiles, special types of industrial transport, means of mechanization of cargo handling. Quantitative indicators of the work of industrial transport include the volume of traffic performed at the enterprise by one or another type of transport for a specified period (volumes of external departure and arrival of goods, inter-shop and intra-shop traffic volumes, volumes of loading and unloading and warehouse operations).

Own industrial railway transport at an enterprise that carries out a serious economic activity for the transportation of products, raw materials, production waste, etc. - not a luxury, but an urgent need. Today, the activity of industrial railway transport covers more than 10,000 enterprises of all industries.

The interaction of the main railway and industrial transport consists in the transportation of goods from one economic facility to another, most often from a specific industrial organization to a station that is part of the Russian Railways structure. At the same time, the activity of industrial railway transport accounts for about 90% of the total number of freight traffic carried out on public railways.

Industrial railway transport at an enterprise of any industry has the same infrastructure as the railway transport of Russian Railways, namely:

1) Access roads, the gauge of which is almost everywhere 1524 mm, and the length varies from 100 m (for small enterprises) to over 400 km (for industrial giants);

2) Traction rolling stock - traction rolling stock includes:
locomotives, in most cases - diesel, because industrial access roads (non-public roads) are not equipped with a contact network: diesel locomotives, traction modules, railcars;
wagons of the most diverse configuration: covered wagons, gondola wagons, hoppers, platforms, dump cars, tanks, refrigerators, etc.

3) Specialized service organizations whose competence includes such types of work as and, maintenance and.

All work on industrial railway transport is regulated by the same regulatory and technical documents and instructions as work on public railways.

have behind them tremendous experience on a big railroad. That is why we are pleased to offer you the full range of our products, from and to your railway facilities.

Our traction stock - diesel locomotives ChME3, TEM-2 (7, 15, 18), TGM-4 (6, 23) and others, under the control of first-class machinists, will transport any of your goods to any distance. In this case, you do not have to worry about or loading wagons - this is also.

In addition, we will coordinate all possible issues with the relevant services of Russian Railways, thus establishing the interaction of the main railway and industrial transport for your enterprise.

The concept of the railway industry

The term "railway industry" is extremely rare. Therefore, sometimes there is confusion with its interpretation. Sometimes it is identified with railway transport, sometimes with the engineering industry. But the truth is in the middle.

Definition 1

The railway industry is a set of industries that provide the construction of railway lines, their operation and railway engineering industries.

Thus, we are dealing with an intersectoral complex. Its branches belong both to construction and to mechanical engineering and transport. The sectoral structure of this complex has the following composition:

  • railway engineering;
  • railway transport;
  • road construction;
  • service industries (energy, communications, electrical engineering, etc.).

The railway industry began with the invention of the steam engine and its installation on a locomotive.

Railway engineering in Russia

Definition 2

Railway engineering is the branch of transport engineering that produces different kinds railway equipment (locomotives, wagons, transport platforms, etc.).

For a long time, due to its economic backwardness, Russia was forced to purchase railway equipment abroad. Russia's main trading partners were Great Britain and Germany. In the 19th century, it was Britain that was the world leader in the development of capitalism in general and rail transport in particular.

Railway engineering in tsarist Russia was represented by car-building and car-repair enterprises in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) and Moscow. Locomotives were purchased mainly in the UK. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Lugansk locomotive building plant began its work, and a plant in Kharkov began to be built. Steam locomotive repair enterprises opened in Moscow, Kyiv, Kolomna and St. Petersburg.

After the October Revolution and the Civil War, the young socialist state found itself in the conditions of an international economic blockade. To restore the economy destroyed by the war and to revive the economy, the development of railway communication was required. The government managed to conclude an agreement with German firms for the supply of the first batches of steam locomotives. In the future, a course was taken for the priority development of heavy engineering (including railway).

During the years of Soviet power, those destroyed by the war were restored and new railway engineering plants were built. The construction of the Moscow metro should also be attributed to the new buildings of the first Soviet five-year plans. Steam locomotives were the main draft force. The railway network and railway engineering plants located on the territory of the European part of the Soviet Union were thoroughly destroyed during the Great Patriotic War.

The second half of the 20th century is characterized by the development of railway electrification. For this, electric locomotive plants were built in Novocherkassk and Tbilisi. Passenger cars were built in Riga and Kalinin, freight cars - in Kremenchug, Dneprodzerzhinsk, Abakan and Barnaul. Part of the rolling stock was imported from the countries of the socialist camp (diesel locomotives from Czechoslovakia, wagons from Poland). But this was not caused by the insufficiency of domestic machine-building capacities, but by political interests (maintaining the economy of the socialist countries of Europe).

After the collapse Soviet Union the railway complex, like the entire economy, survived the crisis. But the development of the economy and the scope of the territory of Russia served as the basis for the formation of an internal market for railway engineering products. At present, the railway engineering industry in Russia includes the following sectors:

  • locomotive building (diesel locomotive building and electric locomotive building);
  • car building (production of freight and passenger cars);
  • production of road equipment.

The largest railway engineering companies at present are: Transmashholding (factories in Bryansk, Kolomna, Novocherkassk), Uralvagonzavod, Altaivagonzavod, Tikhvin Carriage Building Plant, Armavir Heavy Machine Building Plant. They provide supplies to the domestic market of all types of required products - freight and passenger cars, gondola cars, platforms, tanks, isothermal cars, diesel locomotives and electric locomotives. With regard to locomotives, Russian engineering produces both mainline locomotives, as well as shunting and shunting-export locomotives. The latter are used in various enterprises metallurgy, mechanical engineering, mining enterprises and logging.

Railway engineering is characterized by high material consumption. That's why machine-building enterprises of this industry gravitate towards metallurgical bases. At present, the geography of railway engineering is represented by the Central District, St. Petersburg, North Caucasus, Nizhny Tagil, Altai, Abakan.

An important component of the complex under consideration is the production of track equipment. The leading enterprises in this industry are the Kaluga Remputmash plant, the Abdulinsky and Vereshchaginsky railway equipment plants. It should be noted that the railway engineering industry in Russia currently requires significant investment.

Railway construction and railway transport in Russia

In view of the vast territories of the country, rail transport has played and plays important role in the Russian economy. The country has one of the largest rail networks in the world. Its total length exceeds 124 thousand kilometers. More than a third of them are now electrified. In terms of length of railways, Russia is second only to the United States.

The share of rail transport in Russia accounts for 27% of passenger traffic and almost 45% of freight traffic (excluding pipeline transport). Unfortunately, Russian rail transport is characterized by relatively low competitiveness. In terms of the quality of railway infrastructure, Russia is only in 23rd place (and in terms of the quality of general transport infrastructure - in 74th).

First railways were built in Russia in the 19th century (Tsarskoselskaya road, Odessa-Balta road). The country's railway network is characterized by territorial disproportion. The most developed railway network is in the European part of the country. For a long time, the Trans-Siberian Railway was the only highway in the Asian part of Russia. During the years of Soviet power, new highways were laid. Roads have been electrified. In the 21st century, high-speed locomotives of domestic production were put into operation. The leader in the Russian railway transport is the JSC "Russian Railways".

 

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