Imagine that you and the adults made a birdhouse. Ecological project “Skvorushka - starling. Show yourself - it's real

Municipal budgetary general educational institution

“Kosh-Agach secondary school named after. V.I. Chaptynova"

Completed by: 9th grade student

Egorov V.

Head: technology teacher

Bukhabaev E.S.

With. Kosh-Agach

2014

1. Introduction

1.1 Justification for choosing the project topic.

1.2 Research and development of ideas.

1.3 Technical specifications.

1.4 Information about the birdhouse.

2. Technological section

2.1 Description and drawing of the birdhouse.

2.2 Drawing of a birdhouse.

2.3 Technological sequence of making a birdhouse.

3. Research section

3.1 Ecological study.

4. Final section

4.2 Project protection.

5. Application

5.1 Types of birdhouses.

5. Literature

6.1 Magazine “Young Naturalist”, 2006.

1. Introduction

1.1 Justification for choosing the project topic

I decided to make a house for starlings. I like these birds. It will be good if they arrive in the spring and settle in my birdhouse. I think they'll like it. After all, my birdhouse will be one of the best homes for birds. I have everything needed to make it.

1.2 Research and development of ideas

Necessary materials and tools for making a birdhouse.

1. Wooden block.

2. Board, birch or pine.

3. Wood saw.

4. Square, ruler.

5. Pencil.

6. A4 paper.

7. Scissors.

8. File.

9. Sandpaper.

10.Drill.

11.Drill.

12. Nails.

1.3 Technological specification

1. Select and study information on the topic “Birdhouse”.

2. Select the necessary materials and tools.

3. Develop drawings of birdhouse parts.

4. Describe the technology of its manufacture.

5. Make a birdhouse according to the developed drawing.

1.4 Information about the birdhouse

Birdhouse - this is a room for starlings in the form of a small booth mounted on a long pole or on a tree near the house.

Probably every schoolboy who studied at school made at least one birdhouse and hung it on a tree. This work of schoolchildren was their most common contribution to zoological protection and nature conservation.

The custom of building houses for birds in Rus' was established by Peter the Great. Today, more than fifty types of bird houses are known, and the most famous of them is the birdhouse.

What should a house be like? Each species of bird has its own requirements for shelters where they could build their nest. Simple closed houses will attract tits and sparrows (depending on the size of the entrance hole), but houses with a slightly open front wall are more suitable for robins. For starlings, a short round stick under the entrance (entrance), installed perpendicular to the front wall, is useful. What a bird house can be like and how to make it is shown in the figure.

Where to hang a bird house. The house should be hung in a protected place on a tree or on a wall, with the front part facing east or southeast, so that the hot midday sun does not shine inside. If you like to sleep longer, try not to hang the house next to your window - the birds wake up early and chirp loudly. Make sure the house hangs higher

two meters above the ground and far enough away from overhanging branches and roofs to prevent cats from reaching the birds.

2. Technological section

2.1 Description and drawing of the birdhouse

The birdhouse is made of wood, rectangular in shape. It has a sloping roof, a round entrance, and a landing board. The birdhouse will be attached with wire to the tree trunk.

2.2 Product drawing

2.3 Technological sequence of making a birdhouse

1. Preparation for work and compliance with safety precautions.

2. Making templates for birdhouse parts.

3. Marking parts on a board processed on all sides.

4. Sawing along the intended lines.

5. Assembling the birdhouse body.

6. Bottom fastening.

7. Roof installation.

8. Attaching the arrival board.

9. Attaching the block to the back wall of the birdhouse.

10. Cleaning up cuts.

3. Research section

3.1 Environmental study

My birdhouse is made of wood. Wood is natural, pure, natural material. This material does not harm its inhabitants and the environment.

4. Final section

4.1 Analysis of the work done

Positive points	Negative points
Manufacturing materials are available.	One line was cut unevenly, because... little work experience. The defect has been fixed.
The job was done well.
I liked working with the birdhouse.
Manufacturing technology is feasible.
The birdhouse model matches the choice.

4.2 Project protection

Theme of my creative project"Birdhouse". It turned out cozy and beautiful. I really hope that the starlings will like the house. All that remains is to hang it on a tree.

To make the birdhouse, the problems were solved: cut out strictly along the intended lines, process the knot. Everything worked out well for me. I'm happy with my job.

I hope that everyone will like my birdhouse. I chose a certain manufacturing option. I made the birdhouse according to my choice.

5 Appendix

5.1 Types of birdhouses

State budget educational institution Samara region

secondary school No. 1 urban settlement Sukhodol

municipal district Sergievsky Samara region

Social project

Birdhouse

student of 6th grade

Teacher: Moiseeva O.N.

Sukhodol, 2015

Introduction

1. Justification for choosing the project topic.

2 Birds of my village

2.1 Research and development of ideas.

2.2 Technical specifications.

2.3 Information about the birdhouse.

3. Technological section

3.1 Description and drawing of the birdhouse.

3.2 Drawing of a birdhouse.

3.3 Technological sequence of making a birdhouse.

3.4 Safety precautions when working with hand carpentry tools and power tools

4 Research section

4.1 Ecological study.

4.2 Economic analysis of manufacturing birdhouse

5. Conclusion

Get to know yourself - it's interesting!

Create yourself - it's necessary!

Confirm yourself - it is possible!

Show yourself - it's real!

Abstract of the project.

This development contains a description of the work on the project “Birdhouses near my school” and a presentation. 6th grade students took part in the project. Creative activity on a project is a celebration of birds. Nature excursions and bird watching. Practical activity - construction of birdhouses. The result of the project is birdhouses as a gift to the school.

Caring for birds does not require large expenses, but only the desire of the children, their parents and teachers. April 1 is International Bird Day. Today is the time to remember and revive International Bird Day as a bright, informal event, which should rightfully again include the traditions of our ancestors.

6th grade students decided to take care of their feathered friends and actively prepare to meet them. The boys and their parents made a birdhouse. The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds for city dwellers. Let's revive the tradition of making birdhouses at school and at home, hanging them for everyone. If a starling doesn’t sing nearby in spring, then spring doesn’t seem like spring at all... So let’s make it spring!

To create favorable conditions for birds, to instill in children a sense of responsibility for living things on earth, to develop students’ sensitivity, kindness and cognitive interest in nature.

Introduction

Wood is one of the most common materials that man learned to process in ancient times. With the help of an ax, knife and other tools, people made houses, bridges, windmills, fortifications, tools, dishes and much more.

These days we are surrounded by a large number of wood products: furniture, musical instruments, children's toys, etc.

I consulted with my dad about what I could make with my own hands from wood. He suggested making a cozy, beautiful and neat house for birds. Birds really need houses. They will settle in new apartments, hatch chicks and feed them pests from our garden. And the guys and I will watch them and rejoice that we did something good for the birds.

Target : Help birds arrange their nests in the spring. Contribute to the conservation and survival of birds.To draw the attention of school students and parents to the problem of the lack of bird houses for starlings in the village of Sukhodol.

Tasks:

Collect and study diagrams and drawings for building birdhouses.

Find out the number of birdhouses in the village of Sukhodol

Find out from labor teacher Tereshin S.M. about the technology of making a birdhouse.

Conduct daily observations of the settlement of birds in manufactured birdhouses.

Relevance

Spring will come, and starlings will soon fly to our region. Students at our school take care of their feathered friends and are actively preparing to meet them. The students, together with their parents, made birdhouses. The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds. Let's revive the tradition of making birdhouses at school and at home, hanging them for everyone. If a starling does not sing nearby in the spring, then spring does not seem to be quite spring.The problem of nature conservation has always been and remains relevant. We believe that helping to solve this problem is a concern not only for adults, but also for us, children.

Expected results

The attitude of children and adults to the problem of attracting birds in their native village will change.

The number of birdhouses in the village of Sukhodol will increase

Dates: April-May.

1. Justification for choosing the project topic

The life of people is inextricably linked with the life of birds. People have always been interested in birds. At least once in his life, a person would like to fly high above the earth and look at the world from a bird's eye view. The singing of birds has always fascinated people. They are orderlies of forests, gardens, fields, destroying harmful insects, and eat weed seeds. This is why it is necessary towalk the birds, help them in life.

Research and development of ideas

Necessary materials and tools for making a birdhouse. To get the right product, we initially started looking required material in the Internet. We were interested in the structure of the birdhouse, its aesthetic design, types of houses for different birds. We learned so many interesting things! We are still in 5th grade, and it is very difficult for us alone to complete such a difficult task. Then we called our older comrades to help and began to work with them. The guys advised us to stick to a simple version of making a birdhouse for now. To make the craft, we asked dad for boards and screws, prepared a screwdriver, a hacksaw and a measuring tape.

Materials

not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). You cannot use compressed wood (chipboard, fibreboard, etc.), it is toxic and short-lived.

nails 4-4.5 cm long or screws.

Tools

wood hacksaw;

hammer;

drill with a feather drill;

narrow chisel;

pencil and ruler;

Birdhouse dimensions

the boards must be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well;

optimal internal size: square bottom 10-15 cm.

taphole (hole) diameter 4.5-5 cm;

the distance from the taphole to the bottom is 15-20 cm;

birdhouse height 30-35 cm;

the top canopy must protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from bad weather.

Where and how to hang

You can hang it on a tree, pole, or wall at a height of 3 m with a slight tilt forward so that rain does not flow into the entrance and it is easier for the birds to get out. You can hang birdhouses throughout the year, but the best time is late March, early April. The entrance should be facing south, east, or southeast tothe wind did not blow into the birdhouse. We've seen birdhouses in pictures, in textbooks, and on neighbors' trees. From this we concluded that the birdhouse should be spacious, bright and cozy for the residents. The finished birdhouse will need to be hung on a tree, but not nailed to the trunk, but attached without nails, so as not to harm the tree.

What to feed starlings

Starlings are omnivores. They feed on both plant and animal foods. Usually starlings arrive when the snow melts. At this time, they hunt for earthworms that climb to the surface of the earth, and look for insect larvae that have overwintered in secluded places.

If you want to attract starlings to your house while there is still not much food in the spring, or if cold weather has returned to your area after the arrival of starlings and snow has fallen, then you can set up a feeder a few meters from the birdhouse. Although starlings primarily feed on animal foods, they will not refuse available plant food. Starlings can eat grain, various seeds (seeds), a variety of berries and fruits of other plants (for example, apples, pears)

How to care

Description of the birdhouse

A birdhouse can be made from various types of wood, rectangular in shape, with an inclined lid, a round entrance, or a wooden perch. The birdhouse will be attached with nails and wire to the tree trunk.

Product drawing

Economic calculation material costs per product

Let's determine the cost of the materials needed to make a birdhouse.

The cost of wood is 50 rubles.

The cost of nails or screws is 20 rubles.

Energy costs

Total: cost of wood + cost of nails or screws - 50 + 20 = 70 rubles

Conclusion

Our birdhouse turned out to be quite spacious and comfortable. We hung it on the east side. We really enjoyed working with wood. Next year we decided to try to make a decorative birdhouse and see which house the starlings would like more, a simple one with decorations or a decorative one.

Having made a birdhouse with my own hands, I learned:

What types of wood are there?

How to make a birdhouse

How to hang bird houses correctly

What to feed the birds.

Let's instill in children a love for animals and teach them to take care of nature! Hanging houses - birdhouses - near homes is an old folk tradition. Seeing a starling means spring is on the porch! Let's revive good traditions. Woodworking brings joy, gives skill, makes our life more beautiful and richer.

Bibliography

1. Buzkinov M., Potapov G., -The art of wood carving. -M.: Antikva, 2010.

2. Glikin M.S. Decorative woodworking on machines. M.: Iskona, 2012.

4. Leontyev D.P. Do it yourself. – M.: Education, 1985.

5. Logacheva L.A. Basics of wood carving skills. M.: Folk Art, 2012.

Birdhouse is a type of artificial closed nesting box, most popular among people - friends wild birds, and so do their wards. The tradition of hanging birdhouses on Bird Day exists all over the world, and here and there real birdhouse towns appear in places suitable for nesting, see fig.

Note: International Bird Day, April 1, is not celebrated in the Russian Federation. In Russia it is customary to consider the so-called Bird Day. Finding, but not a Christian church holiday, but a folk one. The Finding of the People falls on March 9 according to the Gregorian calendar; this date is more suitable for hanging birdhouses, see below. The origin of the name of the popular Finding is connected not with the finding of the head of John the Baptist, but with beekeeping - if by this day the bees are found (are) in the hives, then it means they have wintered safely.

Making a good birdhouse with your own hands is not difficult; Even a schoolboy can cope with this. Birdhouses are used to attract not only insect-killing birds to household plots and summer cottages, but also small songbirds to cities and homes, as well as to create nesting sites for hollow-nesting birds in forests and parks. Many useful and beautiful birds nest in hollows and competition for “living space” during the nesting season is fierce, because There are not so many hollows in the trees and, as a rule, they have been occupied by someone since the fall.

The technology for assembling a birdhouse is really simple; it does not require expensive and/or complex processing materials. But, to make a birdhouse, you need to know in advance who will live in it. In closed nesting areas, many do not mind making a nest and small birds, in other conditions capable of nesting openly. All potential new residents of a birdhouse have their own requirements for a nesting site, therefore the designs of birdhouses for different types or groups of bird species differ, which is expressed in their names: titmouse, flycatcher, wagtail, owl, etc.

General terms

The structure of a birdhouse in general is as follows: it is an elongated upward cavity, mainly in wood, with a solid bottom and a removable lid. Under the roof there is a hole - an entrance - for the birds that have settled in it. A removable lid is necessary, firstly, for autumn inspection and cleaning of the cavity: of the birds, only starlings, tits and nuthatches, after the chicks have fledged, they certainly throw out the old nesting material and make “ general cleaning" Most of the others leave the garbage as is and next year the cluttered “recycling” will no longer occupy it. Secondly, instead of birds, the birdhouse may be taken over by unwanted animal occupiers; We'll talk about them below.

The body (structure) of the birdhouse can be assembled from boards, as well as some other materials, or hollowed out or chopped from a piece of log - churak; the latter are called nest boxes. The dimensions of the birdhouse are usually, depending on the type of birds for which it is intended, 20-40 cm in height; a tap hole with a diameter of 2.5-6 cm is located 5-6 cm under the roof. The extension of the roof above the entrance should be at least 5 cm for protection from rain and cats. The diameter of the internal cavity (nesting chamber) ranges from 10x10 to 15x19 cm in birdhouses made of boards or with a diameter of 7 to 20 cm in nest boxes. Sometimes a pole or landing platform for parents is required in front of the entrance; in what cases - let's look further.

Houses like birdhouses are also made for other animals living in hollows: squirrels, bats, but their proportions are different. Making a birdhouse for birds within the specified height limits is necessary so that the chicks can still climb the walls to feed, but for squirrels, and especially dormouse, such a high threshold would be inconvenient. You should not make the nesting chamber too spacious, firstly, for the same reason. Secondly, in a large nesting area, the female will lay more eggs, but the parents will not have enough strength to feed them all. Some chicks will then die, and the remaining ones will grow stunted and will not survive the winter.

What are the birds waiting for?

A bird house must meet very specific requirements. First, it must be strong and opaque: the secrecy of the brood is the main reason why hollow nesters nest in tree cavities. Further, the inner walls should not be very hard and slightly rough, so that the chicks can climb towards their parents who have flown in with food. Without this physical exercise, the chicks will not get up on their wings properly and will not be able to withstand the flight to wintering grounds or will become victims of predators.

The following conditions: the material of the birdhouse should be moderately sound-permeable, retain heat as best as possible, and its structure should not have any cracks. Reasons: the chicks must hear their arriving parents or a creeping predator, but at the same time their squeaks should not spread far. In addition, the chicks of all hollow nesters are naked at first, the slightest draft can destroy them, and getting the nest wet will certainly destroy the entire brood. Chicks, like all birds, emit quite a lot of heat, and in an insulated, dry home they will have a much better chance of surviving a sudden cold snap.

About materials

Make a birdhouse it is best from edged, unplaned boards of deciduous wood. Only seasoned conifers are suitable, without visible streaks or a noticeable smell of resin. The best ones are used, from some dismantled shed. The thickness of the boards is 20-30 mm, then the conditions of sound conductivity and thermal insulation will be met. If the boards are planed, then the inner side of the one where the tap hole will be needs to be “roughened”: treated with coarse sandpaper, covered with notches or scratches with the tip of a knife or the corner of a chisel.

Note: in some cases, some other materials are suitable or even preferred, incl. and discarded henchmen. We will talk about their use further.

Plywood, even waterproof plywood, is not suitable for birdhouses: it muffles sounds and does little to prevent heat loss. OSB, chipboard, fiberboard are absolutely unsuitable - birds are much more sensitive than us to the vapors of phenol compounds. The nesting chamber made of artificial lumber on a phenolic binder of the highest consumer class for chicks will turn into a gas chamber. MDF, which does not contain phenolic resins, would in principle be suitable, but this is a material for internal use and will soon swell and become limp under the influence of precipitation.

Enemies and defense

There are plenty of people in nature who want to feast on eggs or chicks. In addition, the birdhouse can be occupied by new residents “without a warrant,” or even extremely undesirable ones in the garden, such as, for example. Sonya Dormouse is interested in the seeds in juicy fruits, and just a couple of these animals can spoil the harvest of the entire garden. The birdhouse can also be captured by squirrels, bats, and in Siberia, chipmunks. In general, there is no harm from four-legged invaders, but beneficial birds are deprived of nesting sites.

The worst destroyers of birdhouses are large woodpeckers, large motley and yellow By the beginning of nesting time, these generally useful birds experience an acute shortage of animal protein; it is time for them to nest, too, and for this, woodpeckers peck at birdhouses, destroying eggs and chicks. There is nothing to be done, everything is poison and everything is medicine, not only in medicine.

In second place in terms of danger to the brood are cats, domestic and wild. Small predators from the mustelidae family, strange as it may seem at first glance, do not pose a particular danger to the clutches and chicks: by the time the birds nest, they have abundant, easily accessible prey at their disposal - mice, voles.

Methods for protecting a birdhouse from destruction are shown in Fig. Pos. 1 – from woodpeckers: a tin collar 5-6 cm wide, upholstered with small nails at the same distance or an overlay made of straight-grained wood with grains oriented horizontally; the fact is that woodpeckers can only peck at wood with vertical grains. The last method is preferable, because The cover does not rust and does not create inconvenience for the owners of the house. But keep in mind that the rest of the structure must be made of wood with fibers oriented vertically or obliquely, otherwise the bird’s house will quickly split.

Pos. 2 – protection from cats. The best way– anti-cat “skirt”; it can be made from dry branches or pieces of wire. 1-2 short twigs at the root part are cut so that small inclined stumps remain, and the entire belt is fastened with wire passing under them, without pulling it tightly so as not to damage the tree. The “skirt” is placed at the same height as the lower tin belt, see below.

The threshold inside under the entrance (below in position 2) is less labor-intensive, but inconvenient for both the chicks and their parents. It is done if it is not possible to arrange an anti-cat belt. Another good remedy for cats is a wooden collar protruding outward by 3-5 cm around the entrance.

Method on pos. 3 – tin belts – provides a complete guarantee against both predators and occupiers. Indicated in Fig. dimensions, in cm, must be maintained with an accuracy of 3-4 cm; they are designed so that potential destroyers cannot jump over the belts, then catching on the bark, either from below or from above. Of course, in the section of the trunk between the belts there should be no branches, twigs, feeders or other supports for predators.

Note: good way only from the occupiers - hanging in the fall, before the cold weather, the so-called. temporary replacement birdhouses. We will talk about them further.

For starlings

Common starlings are the most common and most desirable inhabitants of birdhouses. Therefore, without going into details for now, let’s see how to make a birdhouse for starlings. The common starling is a rather large bird for hollow nesters, and its relatives, the mynah starling and others, are even larger. Therefore, in general, a birdhouse, which is a birdhouse, is larger and deeper than others, its entrance is wider, and a pole is required under the entrance. Starlings prefer to nest in places inaccessible to predators, but with good review, and the starling is the head of the family and is very caring. He will sing a marriage song only if the chosen one has the opportunity to immediately inspect and accept the living space attached to the proposal of the wing and heart.

Drawing of the most popular birdhouse, the so-called. village type is shown in Fig. The assembly order is as follows:

1. Blanks are cut from the board;
2. In the facade, a taphole is cut out in advance using a feather drill or a wood crown, a pole is inserted into the drilled hole, the inside of the front wall, if necessary, is “roughened” as indicated above;
3. The sides are glued to the bottom and then the front and back walls;
4. Level the box from the bottom and side walls while the glue is liquid, and tie it with twine until it sets;
5. Dry the box in a vertical position on a spread polyethylene film;
6. When the glue has set, the box is fastened with nails or self-tapping screws, 2-3 for each glue seam;
7. Trying on the blank of the lid without the lining, trim/trim the upper edges of the front and rear walls so that the roof fits tightly;
8. The lid overlay is placed on flowing glue, the lid is put in place, and supporting the overlay with a finger through the tap hole, the roof is finally adjusted in place;
9. Once the glue under the lining has set, pull it to the lid with 4 small nails or self-tapping screws.

These instructions for making a birdhouse are designed to use PVA glue. In the old manuals, from which current authors copy a lot, useful tips, they recommend assembling birdhouses using wood glue, but this is because much better PVA simply wasn’t available at that time. Compared to PVA bone wood glue:

• Water resistant.
• It is plastic when dried: it does not dry out, does not crack, and ensures complete sealing of the seams.
• Allows you to smear the parts with glue and immediately fold them, within 3-5 minutes to adjust the connection in place, slightly moving the parts in passing, without breaking the adhesive layer.
• Always ready to work, does not require the use of a glue gun or other special equipment.
• Used as an impregnating composition diluted 3-5 times with water, it allows the use of some waste hygroscopic materials for birdhouses.
• Cheaper than wood glue and more durable outdoors.

PVA has only 2 disadvantages over wood glue: its seam is plastic, which is not significant for a birdhouse that is not a sideboard or a sofa, and after assembling it on PVA, the product must be dried for at least a day in a warm room, and wood glue sets immediately.

When and how to hang?

Well, let's assume that the birdhouse is ready. When and how to hang it? There are 2 seasons for hanging birdhouses: in the fall, after the harvest, but before the cold weather, birdhouses for wintering birds are hung: titmice, nest boxes for nuthatches and substitute birdhouses for occupiers. Birdhouses for migratory birds, incl. starlings are hung in the spring, a week and a half before the start of the birds' mating games.

If you are familiar with ornithology, then you need to hang bird houses, especially for certain types of birds (see below), after noticing the harbinger birds. They arrive in advance at their summering grounds, hang around there for several days, hardly feeding, and then fly away. There are always few harbingers, they examine the area, “report” to their relatives and, if everything is in order, a mass arrival begins. The points of the “report” also include the nesting situation; if the harbingers were seen as “fresh”, i.e. obviously not competitive and not looked after by nest destroyers, they will not fail to notify their brothers about this in their own way, and the settlement of the “new buildings” is ensured.

If you have no experience in bird watching, nesting sites should be erected in the central zone of the Russian Federation during March, but before the April heat hits. Here you can roughly navigate by the first thawed patches: when the tubercles on them “wither,” you need to hang them. Somewhat more precisely - according to the weather, when the equinox storms will pass; as meteorologists say, when latitudinal movements of atmospheric masses in the temperate zone prevail over meridional ones, but in places with a continental climate this sign is weakly expressed.

It would not be a mistake to hang birdhouses on National Bird Day (March 9) or on the first Sunday after it, but in this case there is a fairly high probability that they will be occupied and the harbingers will overlook them. However, you can insure against the first one by hanging substitutes in the fall.

The second question is how to hang a birdhouse correctly? General rules:

1. The entrance should be oriented east-southeast so that in the spring the first rays of the Sun penetrate into it.
2. Suspension height 3-5 m.
3. It is preferable to hang it on trees, it seems safer for the birds.
4. An exception is wagtails (see below), they need to be hung under the roof of a barn (not a residential building!) at the same height.
5. The titmouse can be hung on the wall of the house, balcony or under the ceiling of the veranda if the birds were regularly fed nearby during the winter.
6. A birdhouse for starlings can be raised on a pole in a bare yard.
7. If the birds were fed in winter, the birdhouse should be no closer than 15-20 m from the birdhouse, so as not to attract the attention of destroyers.

A rather serious sub-question - how to attach a birdhouse to a support? Nailing it with nails opens the way for diseases and pests into the tree, and the benefits of birds may go in vain. In addition, cats know how to slowly tear off nailed birdhouses or, throwing off the roof, grab chicks.

The main methods of hanging birdhouses and errors in doing so are shown in Fig. According to pos. 1 bird house is attached if there is no thick enough wood. Method according to pos. 2 – optimal, it does not harm the tree at all, and the birdhouse holds firmly. According to pos. 3 birdhouses are attached to a pole. Please note: ultimately, the birdhouse should be tilted down by 2-3 degrees; this will completely protect it from cats and make it easier for the chicks to get to feeding.

At pos. 4 – incorrect, pseudo-ecological method of hanging using wire and a wooden block; in fact, it harms the trees worse than nails, the log soon falls out, the birdhouse begins to wobble. And finally, when hanging on a tree, protection from cats is necessary, pos. 5.

How to climb a tree?

Birdhouses are also hung in the forest, and even in your own home, a ladder will not always help you climb a tree if it is spreading. That is, to hang a birdhouse, you will have to climb a tree. The first thing to remember here is don’t climb like children, clinging to branches. They may be racing with squirrels or monkeys, but you are two or three times heavier, if you fall from the same height, the impact will be about five times stronger, children’s bones are more elastic, and internal organs more resistant to deformation than in adults.

The art of tree climbing is called arborism, and those who are interested in it are called arborists. Arborists climb trees using a safety belt and special devices - gaffs, which are, in essence, the same monter's claws. You can see the technique of lifting on gaffs in the video:

Video: how to climb trees?

And how to make gaffs yourself - from the video:

Video: homemade gaffs for climbing a tree

However, much less labor-intensive and, paradoxically, statistically safer is the method of lifting using a rope loop, which has long been used by tropical fruit pickers, see video:

Video: how to climb a tree without knots?

But in any case, what is called, as father, must be observed the following precautions:

• Work only together, with an insurer below who knows how to provide first aid for bruises and fractures.
• Have transport on hand so that the victim can be quickly transported to a medical facility; everyone working must be able to manage it.
• Do not lift with a load; you need to attach a rope to your belt, and then, having established yourself in place, lift the birdhouse and, if necessary, a bag with tools on it.
• The insurer should not come closer than 3 m to the place of possible falling objects or the steeplejack, taking into account the strength and direction of the wind.
• The insurer must see the steeplejack at all times; when it disappears from sight, immediately command the descent, and the climber must unquestioningly carry out the command.
• And most importantly: before you start climbing, look out for yourself the path of descent and clearly understand the procedure for it.

Sinichniki and special construction

With the help of a birdhouse you can attract many more useful, interesting and/or beautifully singing birds. But they are unlikely to settle in a nesting box, great. Artificial nesting boxes for small songbirds come in different types; Next we will figure out which of these birds need. First of all, we will consider stationary birdhouses made of wood, and after them, temporary substitutes made of other materials for wintering birds and distracting occupiers.

Note: Making special birdhouses, as a rule, is more difficult than ordinary ones. Therefore, before you get down to work, make sure that potential newcomers are part of the local avifauna, and be patient - except for tits, they do not trust humans as much as starlings. A “small-singing” birdhouse can hang for a year or two until it is occupied, and all this time you need to make sure that it does not become dilapidated, littered, or occupied by someone else.

Who else should we expect?

Desirable neighbors both in the city and on the plot will be, in addition to starlings and tits, great tits, tufted tits, blue tits, coal tits, long-tailed tits and chickadees (pos. 1-7 in the figure), also pikas, common and short-toed, or garden pikas (pos. 8 ; common and short-toed pikas are almost indistinguishable from a distance), nuthatches (5 species in the Russian Federation; in position 9 - common), gray flycatcher, position. 10, and pied flycatcher, pos. 11. All these birds (pos. 8-11) are cavity nesters, actively destroying harmful insects.

For redstarts (in pos. 12 there is a coot redstart; you can also expect black and red-bellied ones) and robins (pos. 13) any of the titmice described below is suitable. But the wagtail (pos. 14) requires a special “wagtail”, because The legs of this bird are not adapted for vertical climbing. You can build a birdhouse for wagtails by laying a school-type titmouse on its side, see below, and providing it with a kind of balcony, see fig. The “Wagtail” should either be installed in a bare yard on a pole 2.5-3 m high, reliably protected from cats, or hung under the eaves of a non-residential building for the same purpose. But the new settlers will not keep you waiting and, walking on the ground, will peck at many pests, and no one has yet noticed damage from wagtails anywhere.

If a great owl (pos. 15) is spotted nearby and you manage to attract it to the site, it’s a joy for the owner, but woe for the pests: this little owl is a living WMD for them. Small birds have nothing to fear from the pygmy owl: it was named so not because it is somehow dangerous to sparrows, but because it is the size of a sparrow. The pygmy owl, like the scops owl, can be tamed by feeding it with small pieces of raw meat and mealworms from time to time. He is friendly and his behavior is funny. But it will nest only in a nest box made of natural material (see below), and to make it requires considerable skill, as for any owl house.

Types and designs

I. Sokolovsky was involved in the design of birdhouses a lot. His developments served as the basis for many further designs. The design of 3 types of Sokolovsky birdhouses is shown in Fig; nest boxes will be discussed further.

Titmouse

On the left in Fig. – diagram of a titmouse based on a typical birdhouse.

Designations, as for the next. pos:

• A – entrance diameter: 35 mm for great tit, tufted tit, blue tit, redstart and 30 mm for other tits and robins;
• B – side of a square bottom, 10 cm is enough. If the titmouse is intended only for great and tufted tits, common in the city, then it is better to take B = 12 cm;
• C – height of the front wall, 22 and 25 cm in the same order as in point 1;
• D – height of the back wall, 28 and 30 cm, respectively.

Note: the distance of the top of the entrance from the top of the front wall is 5 cm and the offset of the roof is from 5 cm, as for a regular birdhouse. A pole in front of the entrance is not needed.

Bird lovers, using Sokolovsky’s recommendations, try to create a titmouse birdhouse suitable for any small songbirds. Projects of 3 such titmice are presented in Fig. They differ, in essence, only in the roof structure. A school birdhouse is the easiest to make; no roof adjustment is required. These are exactly the kind that were made in Soviet schools during labor lessons; some students managed to make up to 3 items per lesson. A birdhouse-house provides better protection from cats and, especially, from precipitation. It is advisable to hang these in rainy places with a long spring. Flycatchers also nest in universal titmouses, but it is better to attract them with special birdhouses.

Note: If you make the bottom of a universal birdhouse 15x15 cm (maximum for projects), then it will turn into a birdhouse primarily for starlings. Other birds will occupy it if there are not enough starlings to go around.

Half-loop and flycatcher

The gray flycatcher prefers to nest in semi-hollows, similar to natural voids in trees. The diagram of a half-nest birdhouse is shown in the center in Fig. with Sokolovsky's birdhouses. Dimensions:

1. A – 4 cm;
2. B – 10 cm (square);
3. C – 7 cm;
4. D – 14 cm.

Pied flycatchers more readily occupy hollows in horizontal or slightly inclined thick branches, so they prefer a birdhouse-house in the form of a cubic nesting chamber with an inner side of about 12 cm, installed in a “diamond” pattern, i.e. downward angle, see fig. on right. The front wall needs to be made larger, about 20x20 cm, to protect it from cats. The diameter of the tap hole is 40 mm.

Flycatchers begin nesting relatively late, when there are enough insects. By that time, the heat has established itself, the parents provide the chicks with plenty of high-calorie food, so the thermal insulation of the flycatcher is no longer of decisive importance. This circumstance can be used to more fully imitate the nesting habitual of these birds by constructing a birdhouse for flycatchers from plastic bottle or a tin can, see fig. A light-colored roof is a must, otherwise the chicks will die from solar overheating!

Note: As for other birdhouses made from bottles, see fig. on the right, these products may be artistic, but not functional. The blank does not satisfy any of the requirements for a birdhouse. If the birds occupy such a nesting site, as they say, out of bitter need, then for the brood such a housewarming ends tragically - it dies either in the mouth of a cat, or falls out fledgling; Birds abandon such chicks.

For pikas

The birdhouse for pikas has a very special design. In nature, these birds nest in hollows with 2 holes, so that if necessary they can escape through an emergency exit. Therefore, in the “pipehouse”, 2 tap holes are needed in the side walls. The design of a birdhouse for pikas is shown on the right in Fig. with Sokolovsky's birdhouses. The common and short-toed pikas are similar in appearance, but differ in size, therefore the sizes of the nesting sites for pikas vary, see table.

Note : artificial nests for pikas are hung differently than for other birds - only on a tree and at a height of approx. 1 m from the ground.

Duplyankas

Birdhouse nesting boxes are made from logs of straight-layered deciduous wood 25-40 cm long and 15 cm in diameter. For hollow-nesting birds, this is the most comfortable, reliable and healthy housing. The percentage of death of broods in nest boxes is much less than in birdhouses.

Making a nest box in the simplest way is shown in pos. 1 pic. The wide bottom and lid, as in this case, are designed for wagtails. If you make the entrance not on the side, but in the lid closer to one of the corners, and hang the entire structure laid on its side, orienting the nesting chamber like a diamond, you will get an excellent flycatcher nest. For other songbirds, the lid and bottom are cut to the size of the diameter of the log.

Sovyatnik, pos. 2, it’s more difficult to do, because Owls are picky about the configuration of the camera and do not tolerate gaps in its sides and bottom. So you will have to sweat, trimming the workpiece and hollowing out the chamber. Dimensions in fig. suitable for a pygmy owl; The diameter of the taphole for it is 4 cm, because All owls are densely built.

Duplyankas are often hung in forests and parks. In this case, it is necessary to take into account that the composition of the bird population in broad-leaved, coniferous plantings and birch forests differs not only in species, but also in the average size of birds. The dimensions of nest boxes for coniferous-deciduous forests/parks and birch forests are given in pos. 3.

About the design of nest boxes

A few words about the design of birdhouses in general will be said later. As for nest boxes, they look good on trees even without additional decoration, on the left in Fig. If you want to show your skill and taste, then they must really be skill and taste combined with a subtle sense of material, in the center and on the right there.

Park birdhouses

The tradition of attracting songbirds to parks is widespread in Europe and is also developing here. Park birdhouses should, firstly, attract beautiful birds that sing loudly and beautifully; secondly, they themselves must be attractive in appearance to people. Of the domestic designs of this kind, birdhouses of the “Blue Finch” type are popular, on the left in the figure, but the Germans prefer birdhouses-huts, painted in the color of foliage or bark, with a tin plate on the roof ridge, which perfectly protects against cats, on the right there. The diameter of the entrance, marked (*), is selected according to the type of bird, see above.

More about design

Birdhouses should be painted in discreet colors: this is not a feeder, and the birds’ housing should not attract attention. The shape of the birdhouse should be inconvenient for destroyers. For example, pos. 1 and 2 in Fig. – unsuccessful. Both are set clearly low, a cat or a woodpecker has somewhere and how to establish themselves for ruin, and the first is also brightly colored. And here is pos. 3 and 4 are both tasteful and quite functional. If pos. 3, provide a collar around the tap hole, and at pos. 4 make an anti-cat skirt from wood with the fibers oriented horizontally, then both birdhouses will become inaccessible to both predators and woodpeckers.

Atypical self-construction - birdhouses made from scrap materials

Sometimes it’s not worth wasting energy and wood on a stationary birdhouse. Firstly, if it is intended for wintering birds, such as tits. They do not like to nest twice in the same place, because... Over the winter they have become familiar to hungry predators and the annual change of nesting sites significantly increases the chances of survival of the brood. Secondly, there is no need to try very hard for the sake of the occupying animals. They need to be diverted in the fall with temporary wintering housing. Then in the spring, for fear of losing him too, they will not occupy the bird houses, but will live through the summer anyway. In both cases, it is advisable to make a temporary birdhouse from a material that does not require special tools, labor-intensive processing and a separate workplace.

The first thing that comes to mind is paper. Paper birdhouses were invented by amateur poultry farmers in the USA; equipment for keeping and breeding pets is very expensive there. At home, in an aviary, in paper nests, it is really possible to breed budgies or, say, red cardinals. But you can’t seriously talk about an outdoor paper birdhouse: the material is absolutely unstable. Nevertheless, we give in Fig. a couple of paper birdhouse patterns: on the left – a distracting-substitute for four-legged invaders, and on the right – a bird one. They will be useful to us a little lower, and if necessary, using the same patterns you can make a bonbonniere or a gift box.

Note: Paper birdhouses have another unpleasant property - bumblebees and, especially, wasps willingly settle in them. The latter themselves build nests from paper, and here is a ready-made zero cycle. Having a swarm of hornets in your neighborhood is not only unpleasant, but can also be very dangerous.

Temporary birdhouses are best made from cardboard impregnated with a water-polymer emulsion or liquid-diluted PVA, then they will last outside from autumn to spring. The house is glued together with the same PVA. The manufacturing technology based on the pattern is shown in Fig. below. Pay attention to pos. 4: fold lines must be cut before bending; This is the only subtlety in this process.

Manufacturing from a pattern results in a large waste of material, which is not always desirable, and there may simply not be a lot of cardboard in the closet. In such a case - in Fig. on the right is a method for cutting a cardboard strip onto a birdhouse part.

If dormouse are noticed on the site, then a winter hut-trap for them is made from a box insulated with foam plastic; can be made from pieces of it, see fig. left. Two poles are needed to attract the dormouse. It is difficult to catch an active dormouse, but it is not difficult to get rid of sleeping animals. There is no need to kill them: dormice are generally cute and funny, they will most likely be taken to a pet store or bought by wild animal lovers. They check Sonya’s bedroom when the frost hits, just don’t bring the discovered animal into the house. Dormouses do not really hibernate; in the warmth they will wake up and start roaming around the furniture and curtains.

Finally, good birdhouses can be made simply from scrap materials; you just need to know the habits and preferences of the birds. For example, building from a bucket and cutting a board, pos. 1 in Fig. below is sure to please flycatchers. Substitute houses made from empty cylinders (items 2 and 3) are well suited for small four-legged animals; If it's a squirrel, then why chase it? Birdhouse made from a tabletop beer or wine-cognac keg, pos. 4, unlikely to attract birds, too big, but bats, also very useful, will fit right in. A basket with a wicker lid, suspended under the roof of the veranda, will be willingly inhabited by tits if they have been fed and not abused in winter.

At pos. 6 is not such a curiosity as it might seem: the chicks are soft and warm, it is convenient for the bird (it looks like some kind of nuthatch) to give food to the brood, the woodpecker does not gouge the skin, and in cats the shoe is firmly associated with a crushed tail and broken sides. Finally, a plastic pot with slightly rough, durable walls can turn into a small owl box, pos. 7.

Direct benefit

The author once set out to calculate: what is economic efficiency a birdhouse on a plot of 6 acres “for yourself”? The main share of the cost of the bird house came from labor costs; the cost of working time was 200 rubles per hour, which corresponds to a decent salary for that time of 32,000 rubles. Taking this into account, a birdhouse and 2 titmouses cost about 1000 rubles.

After 4 years, while the birds lived, it turned out that only the savings on the purchase of vegetables, fruits and plant protection products compared to the same period without the involvement of birds amounted to... about 28,000 rubles, or 7,000 rubles/year! That is, the birdhouses paid for themselves 28 times, or 2800%. Wow profit!

(1 ratings, average: 5,00 out of 5)

Ecological project

"Skvorushka - Starling"

Compiled by: teacher

Kuzmina Lyudmila Petrovna

Explanatory note

The relationship of man with nature and its inhabitants - actual question modernity. It is feasible if each child has a sufficient level of environmental culture and environmental awareness, the formation of which begins in early childhood and continues throughout life.

In urban conditions, there are very limited opportunities to communicate with nature, so I consider one of the important tasks of working on the formation of an environmental culture to familiarize children with the natural objects of their immediate environment.

Which animals or birds do we most often see in our cities and forests? Of course, birds. Here in the city, birds live side by side with us and delight us with their singing and colorful outfits.

As part of the International Day birds, which is celebrated on April 1, we decided to dedicate our project to the starlings that come to us in the spring.

PROJECT PASSPORT

Project type: educational and creative.

Project duration: 3-4 weeks of March – 1 week of April.

Project participants: children of the younger group (3 - 4 years old), group teacher, parents.

Subject of study and creativity: starling, birdhouses.

Objective of the project: To clarify and expand children’s understanding of the starling, the starling’s home – the “birdhouse”.

Project objectives:

Create conditions for developing children's cognitive interest in starlings;

Introduce children to the features migratory birds- starlings;

Cultivate a caring attitude towards birds.

Expected result:

Expand and deepen children’s knowledge about such a migratory bird as the starling;

To develop interest and cognitive skills through joint creative activities of children and parents;

To form among parents an interest in the problem of environmental development of their children;

Develop a caring attitude towards birds.

Project products:

• The book “All about starlings...”.
• Birdhouses.

Project implementation stages:

• Preparatory (defining the goals and objectives of the project, drawing up a plan).
• Main (implementation of the project plan).
• Final (summarizing the results).

Project implementation stages	Project events		Implementation deadlines
Preparatory	Development of a project implementation plan. Compiling event notes	Design and systematization of activities for project implementation	3rd week of March
	Selection of illustrative material	Equipment of the subject-spatial environment of the group.	3rd week of March
	Introducing parents to the project plan.	Involving parents in project activities, determining their role in this project	3rd week of March
Basic	Integrated lesson “House for the Starling”	Introducing children to a migratory bird - the starling. Foster a caring attitude towards birds, the ability to show care through creative activities	4th week of March
	Compilation of the book “All about starlings...”	Collecting information with poems, riddles, proverbs about the starling.	4th week of March
		Determine the optimal locations for placing birdhouses around the kindergarten territory	4th week of March
	Introduction to reading fiction: A. Barto “A tall maple tree is waiting for guests...”.	Expand children's ideas about the starling, a house for a starling - a birdhouse.	4th week of March
Final	Campaign “A palace for every starling”	Foster a caring attitude towards birds, teach them to express their care for them in useful activities	1st week of April

Project applications:

• Summary of the integrated lesson “House for the Starling.” Creative works of children.
• Summary of the target walk “Where to hang a house for a starling?”
• Notes on introduction to reading fiction:
• The book “All about starlings...”.
• Photo report from the event “A palace for every starling.”

A. Barto “A tall maple tree is waiting for guests...”.

Municipal preschool educational institution

kindergarten combined look "Rainbow"

Abstract

integrated lesson on the topic “House for the starling”

for children of the younger group

Compiled by: teacher

Kuzmina Lyudmila Petrovna

Integrated lesson “House for the Starling”

in the younger group

Target: continue to develop children's ideas about birds

• Development of memory, attention, observation,
• Develop the ability to compare the starling with other birds;
• To form in children an idea of ​​the starling;

• Development of coherent speech in preschool children,
• Enriching children's vocabulary - children should learn the concepts: arrival of birds, hatching chicks, caring for them, human help.

• Cultivating curiosity, a desire to help and care for living beings, i.e. birds
• Cultivate a kind attitude towards all living things, a sense of empathy.

Integration of educational areas: Social and communicative development, Cognitive development, Artistic and aesthetic development, Speech development.

Methodical techniques:

• generalizing conversation-dialogue,
• game situation,
• physical minute,
• looking at illustrations and then talking about them,
• productive activity of preschoolers,
• reflection.

Move educational activities

Educator: Spring has come. The sun is warming up, and the first thawed patches are appearing on the hills. Streams run along the sides of the roads. At this time, the heralds of spring return to their native lands from distant countries.

Asks a riddle:

There is a palace in the courtyard,

A singer lives there.

Very clever fellow

And his name is... (Starling)

Educator: Our feathered friends will arrive. Starlings will settle in birdhouses and hollows. Having flown home, starlings sit on trees and sing merrily. Birds begin to build nests.

A child recites the poem “Starling”

The starling is smaller than the crow,

But more sparrows -

It's from a birdhouse like it's from a balcony,

Sings no worse than a nightingale!

The teacher displays a picture of a starling. Children describe the starling from the picture. (Large, beautiful bird with black plumage, the starling has a long beak that helps catch worms.)

Fizminutka

We got up early today.

We were waiting for the birds yesterday.

Security guards walk around the yard,

Chases cats out of the yard.

We wave our hands to the starlings

Let's drum and sing:

Live in our house

You will feel good in it!

Educator: What do people do when they wait for birds in the spring?

Children: people make birdhouses and hang them on trees.

The teacher shows the children a birdhouse, they look at it. A birdhouse is a birdhouse for starlings in the form of a small booth, which needs to be hung in a protected place on a tree or wall. Starlings raise their chicks in a birdhouse. The house should hang high so that cats cannot reach the chicks.

Application "Birdhouse"

(from ready-made forms) with musical accompaniment

Working methods:

1. Examination of the sample.

2. Remember what parts the birdhouse consists of?

3. Offer to place the birdhouse on the table.

4. Carrying out work by children.

At the end of the lesson, all children's work is reviewed.

Municipal preschool educational institution

combined kindergarten "Rainbow"

Target walk

“Where to hang a house for a starling?”

(Junior group)

Compiled by: teacher

Kuzmina Lyudmila Petrovna

Targeted walk “Where to hang a house for a starling?”

Goal and tasks:

• consolidate knowledge of the names of trees growing in the immediate environment from kindergarten
• develop cognitive interest in the natural world.
• develop cognitive activity in the process of observing objects and natural phenomena.
• learn to choose possible places for hanging birdhouses;
• continue to introduce bird life in the spring;
• to develop skills in environmental activities, environmentally literate behavior that is safe for nature and for the child himself.
• cultivate love and caring attitude towards birds.

Methodical techniques: observation, story, conversation.

Dictionary activation: high, safe, birdhouse.

Preliminary work: teacher's story about a starling, about hanging houses for starlings, reading fiction, applique of a birdhouse.

Progress of the walk

Before going out for a walk, the teacher tells the children: Today you and I will walk along the street. She is beautiful and wide. There are many trees growing on the street. You and I will walk along the sidewalk. We will walk in pairs, one after another, without disturbing passers-by. On the street you need to behave civilly: don’t shout, talk calmly, don’t point your finger.

Educator: Drops are falling from the roof,

Everywhere smells like spring.

The sky seems higher

The forest air is louder.

Guys, the trees will soon wake up, leaves will appear on them, and now buds are swelling on the trees.

These little buds
Spring will print.
In the meantime, the leaves are sleeping in them
And they grow during sleep.

Look how many trees grow near the kindergarten. What trees do you know? Children name the trees they see (birch, maple, poplar, spruce, linden). The teacher asks to show these trees: Tell me, what tree do you see? Run quickly to the tree.

Outdoor game “Run to the tree.”

Rules of the game: The child names the tree. After the teacher’s words “Run to the tree!” the children run to the named tree.

With the approach of spring, titmice no longer fly to the feeder, only sparrows and pigeons remain. Learn to establish the simplest connections in nature - the sun warmed up - grass appeared - birds flew in. Migratory birds will come to us. Who comes to us in the spring? What birds have you seen in the trees? (children's answers)

Watch the appearance of migratory birds.

Remember and describe the starling: A large, beautiful bird with black plumage, the starling has a long beak that helps catch worms.

Guys, we made an applique - a house for a starling, at home you and your parents make large wooden birdhouses. You and your dads will hang birdhouses on the trees near the kindergarten. Let's remember how to weigh a birdhouse?

Children's answers: it needs to be hung in a protected place on a tree, high up, so that cats can't get to it.

The teacher suggests looking for tall trees to hang birdhouses.

After identifying trees for birdhouses, children return to kindergarten.

A tall maple awaits guests -
The house on the branch is fortified.

The roof is painted,
There is a porch for singers...
You can hear the chirping in the blue sky
A family of starlings is flying towards us.

We got up early today
We were waiting for the birds yesterday.
Security guards walk around the yard,
Chases cats out of the yard.

We wave our hands to the starlings,

Let's drum and sing:
- Live in our house!
You will feel good in it!

The birds began to approach,
We flew to the yard,
We couldn't resist
They shouted in unison: - Hurray!

Amazing thing:
The whole family flew away!

An interesting observation: there are significantly fewer birds outside the city than in the city. Why is that? It turns out that the city has many secluded places for birds. But the most common refuge is a bird squeezing its way inside through a narrow gap near a lamp. Here, descending along the pipe trunk, she builds her nest on a coil of wires. Can you imagine the conditions in which a bird, a small plant pest fighter, lives? But a person is able to thank his winged helpers, but how? Build which will be larger than the lantern pipe.

Construction materials

To determine how to build a birdhouse for starlings, you need to select the appropriate material. Wooden boards of exclusively deciduous species - birch, alder, aspen - are best suited for construction. Coniferous wood is not recommended for use. It secretes a resin that makes the surfaces of the birds' homes sticky. Plywood is not suitable for a bird house. It retains heat poorly, making the new building very cold. And it practically does not miss sounds that are very important for birds, especially when danger arises. Compressed wood (fibreboard, chipboard) releases toxins, so it is generally not suitable for a birdhouse.

Birdhouse drawing

A correctly calculated and laid out diagram will greatly simplify the construction process. Therefore, before building a birdhouse, the drawing must be made taking into account all required sizes. The optimal height of the house for a starling is 35 cm. For the bottom you will need a blank in the form of a square with a side of 16 cm. The entrance should be 5-6 centimeters in diameter. Important! Before building a birdhouse, the dimensions should be checked several times. If the proposed living space seems cramped to the birds, they will simply bypass your new building. However, you shouldn’t chase large sizes either. Otherwise, offspring raised in too spacious apartments will be sickly and weak.

Step-by-step instruction

Creating a simple birdhouse does not require much skill or experience with wood. The main thing is to use the drawings correctly. If you are building a house for birds for the first time, then the question naturally arises: how to build a birdhouse in stages?

The image shows a diagram of a traditional strong house, known to everyone since childhood.

The sides of the roof are different. One should be longer by the thickness of the board to cover the edge of the first. After all, a birdhouse should not only be practical, but also have an excellent appearance.

After all the blanks are cut from the board, be sure to check whether they form the birdhouse correctly. If all the previous tips were taken into account, then there should be no problems when assembling the house.

It is best not to drive nails, but to drill small holes. The nail may not enter the wood correctly, then the sharp edge will stick out in the birdhouse, making the housing quite unsafe for birds. Or it might even split the wood. To make the drilling process as safe as possible, secure the wood pieces in several C-clamps. Before using nails or screws, be sure to glue the edges of the sides together with good

After assembling the frame, you should work on the round entrance. There is a special drill for such purposes. It drills the hole very quickly and accurately. Such a tap hole will have smooth edges, and therefore does not require additional sanding.

If you don’t have such a drill, drill several holes inside the circle, and then cut out the desired tap hole with a jigsaw. A brace is good for this purpose.

There is another method for making a taphole. But it assumes a frame that has not yet been assembled. The face board can be divided down the center into two halves. Using a chisel, you can cut out the necessary half-holes quite easily. You can connect both halves using spikes - nails with broken heads.

The next stage is installing the roof.

Under the entrance you need to place a stick 1.5 cm thick - a porch. A porch that is too large will invariably attract crows and jackdaws to the birdhouse.

Types of houses

Any house for birds is usually called a birdhouse, although it is not built just for starlings. Other birds also need housing. How to build a birdhouse for birds depends on the characteristics of the future residents. For example, housing for tits is built with a height of 25-30 cm. The bottom should be a square with a side of 10-12 cm. The entrance for tits is 30-35 mm in diameter.

Wagtail housing requires a completely different design. The bird itself does not have sufficient tenacity of its legs, so it needs a certain ladder in front of the house. And such a house needs to be located under a roof, approximately at a height of three to five meters.

The pika feels more comfortable in a house with two through holes. They are located on the left and right. Such additional entrances allow the bird to escape in time if a predator attacks its home.

Decorative houses

Fans of original solutions can dream up a little. It is enough to decorate the birdhouse just a little, and it will take on a truly fantastic look. The birdhouse, stylized as a country house, looks original. For birds, it doesn't matter what the house looks like from the outside. The main thing is to keep it warm and dry inside. And it will bring a lot of pleasure to the designer to decorate the homes of birds.

If desired, it is not difficult to build even apartment house. Several families will live in such a birdhouse at once and will greet the rising sun with loud, joyful chirping. In this case, there will be no difficulties in how to build a birdhouse. The photo below illustrates the process quite clearly.

The house can differ significantly in shape. An interesting solution is housing in the shape of a diamond. However, the question arises - is it bird-friendly?

It’s up to you to decide how to build a birdhouse, the size and decor of which completely depend on the intended residents and your skills.

Most the best option housing for birds - a wooden birdhouse. It is warm, and the birds feel like they are in a hollow tree. However, not everyone has the opportunity to build such housing themselves. In this case, improvised materials will help out.

An excellent birdhouse is made from a log. The core can be selected using a chisel. All that remains is to drill a hole for the entrance and think over the roof.

Housing for birds can be built even from an ordinary plastic bottle. But such a house must be insulated. You should tie the bottle around with warm ropes or even knit a thick cover. And don't forget about the sharp edges of the hole. It is better to paste them around the perimeter with tape.

How to install a birdhouse?

So, in theory, you already know how to properly build a birdhouse, but an important point in creating housing is the correct installation of the house.

Most often, the birdhouse is nailed to a long pole, which is then screwed with wire to a tree approximately 5-7 meters from the ground. Hang the house slightly tilted forward, then rainwater will not flow into the birds' housing. It is worth considering the direction. The entrance should face south or east.

House protection

Everyone knows that cats are excellent hunters. They are so dexterous that they can catch a bird even in flight. Based on this, it is necessary to protect the birdhouse as much as possible from the teeth and claws of predators. Place a plywood circle in the middle of the pole, parallel to the ground. The diameter of the circle should be 45-50 cm. Cats will not be able to overcome such an obstacle, and the chicks will remain safe and sound.

Before building a birdhouse, be sure to dry the material. Damp wood will dry out very quickly, and the house will become uninhabitable.

It’s a good idea to add a small layer of soil, peat and sawdust to the bottom of the birdhouse. This layer should be no more than 5 cm.

It is very easy to make the roof removable. Then there won’t be any particular difficulties when cleaning the house when the tenants leave their home in the fall. To do this, nail a thick board from the inside of the roof that will fit into the house like a cork into the neck of a bottle.

Instead of a conclusion

Knowing how to build a birdhouse, the size of your future home is easy to calculate. With the help of such a house you can not only alleviate the plight of birds, but also get rid of plant pests. One brood of starlings is enough to protect plantings from thousands of cockchafers and larvae in just 5 days! And birds will bring the greatest joy to children. After all, what is familiar and understandable to adults is a window into amazing world wildlife!

 

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