How to get a medical examination for work. Do all employees undergo a preliminary medical examination upon admission to work? On the basis of what document is the list of such employees established? How to determine the list of employees who need

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The main task of an employee undergoing a medical examination is to check the employee's ability to perform his duties without any harm to health. In addition, this event can be organized for the company's specialists with a preventive purpose: to identify the first signs indicating occupational diseases and take appropriate measures to prevent them. That is why every potential employee should know which doctors are included in the physical examination when hiring.

Direction to medical checkup allows the employer to monitor employees who perform their duties under the influence negative factors at the enterprise. This procedure makes it possible to exclude the occurrence of any diseases that have arisen through the fault of the company's management.

In addition to the fact that the employer thereby complies with the existing legal requirements, he also attracts more reliable specialists to his organization.

Types of medical examinations

At the moment, there are several types of medical examinations for enterprises, namely:

preliminary;
periodic;
extraordinary.

The first type involves going through this procedure in order to get a new job. If the specialist has been with the company for some time, then he will need to visit the hospital at least once every two years. In accordance with article 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, employees under the age of 21 are required to undergo a medical examination every year.

As for extraordinary examinations by doctors, they can be carried out according to the wishes of the employee himself. The reason for such a request to the management of the organization may be medical advice from specialists.

What doctors will you need to go through

The list of doctors for a physical examination when applying for a job may vary. Everything will depend on what position the specialist plans to take. This procedure is also different in accordance with the gender.

If we talk about a standard physical examination, you will need to see the following doctors:

to the optometrist;
otolaryngologist;
neuropathologist;
surgeon;
therapist (to obtain the conclusion of the medical commission).

In addition, it will be necessary to pass blood and urine tests, as well as visit the offices for the delivery of a cardiogram and fluorography. This list is not strictly established, since a mammologist and a gynecologist may also be provided for women. Or, for example, to apply for the position of a collector, you will definitely need to check your vision with an ophthalmologist, since healthy vision is closely related to the future duties of a specialist.

Reception of a person in adolescence

For adolescents, a preliminary medical examination is provided in accordance with the following points:

The suitability of a potential employee is determined by the state of his health. To do this, you must undergo a medical examination. Due to the fact that such a service is paid, a situation arises that requires clarity: who should pay for it - the employer or the applicant?

Hiring and physical examination

Enterprises where working conditions are associated with danger, harm and physical overload require appropriate health from employees. There should be no contraindications, the presence of diseases incompatible with work in such a company. These conditions apply to industries: oil, gas, nuclear.

Representatives of specialties related to contact with HIV-infected undergo primary and regular follow-up procedures for detecting HIV infection. This is mainly the medical field. Such a survey can be passed directly in the medical institution where the person works or is going to find a job.

The existing procedure for the primary medical examination

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation indicates that the initial medical examination can be carried out in any medical institution, regardless of the form of ownership (public or private). The main condition is the availability of a license to carry out this kind of activity.

Psychiatric examination should be carried out only in a neuropsychiatric dispensary. A certificate from a private psychiatrist in this case is not valid.

When the head of the enterprise gives the employee a referral to undergo an initial medical examination with a list of specialists who make an appropriate conclusion.

The basis is the sanitary minimum, the results of which are recorded in the medical book. It provides for examination of such specialists:

neurologist;
expert in narcology;
psychiatrist;
optometrist;
otolaryngologist;
surgeon;
gynecologist / urologist;
therapist.

Many people wonder if there are exceptions or any peculiarities when undergoing primary medical examination for minors. The answer lies in Art. 69 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which states that underage applicants are subject to mandatory preliminary examination.

The main condition is the requirements for the medical institution where the examination will take place. It must be licensed to practice all necessary medical practices. A gynecological examination is no exception for minors, if required by the field of work.

Validity the obtained conclusion on the health status of a potential employee depends on the type of activity in which he intends to find a job.

In Art. 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Order of the Ministry of Health No. 302 contain a detailed list of professions subject to mandatory medical examination. In these regulations contains information on specific types of medical and laboratory examinations.

There are two types of medical certificates, each of which has its own validity period:

Document F 001-GS / y - 12 months. Such a certificate concerns the sphere public service... The applicant undergoes a free examination at any state medical institution.
Document F 086 / y - six months. This help is for the rest of the categories. You can get it in a medical institution of any form of ownership at the place of residence.

The main stages of a medical examination

Stage 1. The employee receives a referral that contains detailed information about working conditions (hazard, level of stress, possible harm). Based on this, the requirements for the state of health of the job seeker are indicated. With this document, he is sent first of all to a therapist or occupational pathologist.

Stage 2. The therapist carries out an examination and determines the degree of conformity of the applicant's health to the fulfillment of the chosen specialty. If necessary, he refers him to other specialists for additional examination.

Stage 3. The medical record records the conclusion of each doctor to whom the potential employee contacted.

Stage 4. The health certificate records the decision of the medical commission. If it is positive, it should be issued according to standard form, in particular, it should reflect the specific recommendations of the doctor. For example, requirements for wearing glasses or hearing aids.

Stage 5. If the decision is negative, the document indicates the reasons for the discrepancy between the physical condition of the chosen profession. The original of the certificate is issued to the applicant, a copy is sent to the enterprise.

When is a physical examination required?

The labor legislation of the Russian Federation enshrines a list of categories of applicants who must undergo a medical examination without fail:

minors;
medical staff;
customs officials, non-departmental and departmental protection, police;
representatives of the beauty industry (beauty salons, hairdressing salons, manicure, pedicure, cosmetology, tattoo parlors);
watch workers;
athletes;
healthcare workers;
judges;
dry cleaners and laundry workers;
employees associated with food industry and catering;
pedagogical and service personnel of educational institutions of all levels, including preschool ones.

More information about who and how to send for a mandatory medical examination is described in this video.

Payment for medical examination

Paid for medical examination when applying for a job in different variations:

The company concludes an agreement with a medical institution and makes payment by bank transfer, as for initial medical examination and periodic. For this, a schedule is drawn up for passing a medical examination.
Upon hiring, the employee pays for the medical services himself, and the employer guarantees him a refund with the first salary.

Often there are situations when the manager treats his promises irresponsibly and does not return the employee his costs. Most often this happens if the applicant has not received a positive opinion from the doctor. The employer takes this opportunity and motivates the refusal to return the funds spent by the fact that a contract has not been concluded with the employee. However, in both cases, it violates legal requirements.

Even if no contract has been concluded, the applicant is entitled to compensation for the costs. You need to know your rights and be able to defend them, if necessary, in court.

The employer's whim

Sometimes there are situations when a manager forces an applicant to undergo a medical examination even in an enterprise where this is not required by law. On the one hand, this is a kind of concern for the health of the employee and the entire team, on the other, it is a violation of human rights.

To prevent such a case from escalating into a conflict, an employer who intends to achieve his goal should try to convince him to undergo a medical examination on a voluntary basis. An effective method is to offer payment for medical services at the expense of the company.

If a person does not agree, he has every right to do so. Any actions of a manager aimed at coercion are regarded as illegal.

Information for those who pay for medical services

The head of the enterprise, from the budget of which payment is made for the passage of the primary and regular medical examination by the employees, must be aware of the legal requirements for such monetary transactions. In accordance with current legislation RF, the amount that is transferred to a medical institution is not subject to VAT. Apart from the calculation of insurance premiums, no other social charges are made.

In accounting, calculations for passing a medical examination are carried out in several versions, depending on a number of circumstances:

in the case of payment for medical services according to the invoices, it refers to the gross expenses for ordinary activities;
when calculating for a medical examination by an applicant, the refund refers to other operations with personnel;
the category of settlements with suppliers and contractors includes an operation that is performed in accordance with an agreement concluded with a medical institution.

What to do with a refusal to receive compensation?

Upon hiring, the job seeker bears the corresponding payment costs medical services... Every employer knows that he is obligated to reimburse the costs. But there are often cases when the applicant receives a categorical refusal, and the employer finds some arguments for this. The reason for this may be the lack of funds in the company's budget for compensation.

The applicant has every right to file a claim for reimbursement of costs in the courts. To do this, he must have documentary evidence of the violation by the employer.

You need to know your rights and be able to defend them. To do this, it is necessary to require a written refusal from the employer, because it will become the main evidentiary document.

The essence of passing the medical examination

Despite the twists and turns that arise with payment for passing a medical examination, it is worth paying attention to the essence of this event. It consists in taking care of the health of people working at the enterprise. Thanks to the initial medical examination, it is possible to determine how much the physical condition of the employee allows to cope with his duties in production. In addition, serious health problems are often revealed, the presence of dangerous diseases that a person did not suspect about.

The essence of the physical examination also consists in the prevention of certain diseases. On examination, the doctor can determine the predisposition to the disease. The timeliness of detecting the causes that can cause malfunctions plays a role here. internal organs... A person may not feel, for example, a malfunction in the thyroid gland, liver, or high blood sugar levels, which can lead to diabetes.

Therefore, the employer must conclude that such measures justify any costs. He should be interested in healthy people who are able to effectively perform their duties in his company.

Job seekers, in turn, must remember their rights and also take care of their own health, the importance of which cannot be overestimated. In case of violation of rights by the head, you need to resolutely defend them. It must be remembered that you can always find support based on the current legislation.

The services of this specialist may be needed not only for routine examinations, but also if a worker employed in a high-risk area feels unwell. The occupational pathologist provides the following services:

Conducts medical examinations for work at height;
Provides medical and consulting assistance to patients whose work is associated with a harmful environment and risks;
Carries out diagnostics and treatment of patients with suspected occupational diseases;
Conducts examinations on the professional suitability of an employee for a specific position;
Carries out prophylactic medical examination of patients who have already been diagnosed with occupational diseases;
Deals with the organization of measures to prevent disability of workers.

The specialist also organizes events designed to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases. The occupational pathologist monitors working conditions at enterprises, inspects workplaces.

Who needs to undergo a medical examination by an occupational pathologist

Typically, a visit to this specialist and obtaining an appropriate medical clearance answer is necessary for representatives of the following professions:

Transport workers;
High-altitude installers;
Industrial climbers;
Athletes;
Food industry workers;
Beauty workers;
Medical staff of various categories;
Utility workers, etc.

Help for working in the Far North 302n

People working in the harsh conditions of the Far North are also forced to undergo periodic and preliminary examinations with this specialist. Constant stay in difficult climatic conditions, negative influence of magnetic fields, low temperatures and other dangerous factors demand good health from the working people here. Human acclimatization in the Far North lasts 2-3 years. During this entire period, the occupational pathologist must regularly check the state of the employee's body.

What other specialists do you need to visit to get help?

To obtain a permit to work in the Far North, in addition to the occupational pathologist, you must also visit such specialists: dermatovenerologist, therapist, psychiatrist, neurologist, narcologist, surgeon, otorhinolaryngologist. It is also necessary to pass a number of tests, undergo ultrasound and fluorography.

Admission to work at height from an occupational pathologist

High-altitude work is divided into two categories: steeplejack - performed from ladders, stairs, lifts and other structures; work at height - performed at a height of 1.3 m or more. Will receiveb certificate admission to work at height 405you can in the clinic "Medprofi 24". We employ experienced occupational pathologists who will carry out all diagnostic and therapeutic measures at a high professional level. You can also get herehelp for electric and gas welders 302and representatives of other potentially dangerous professions.

What diseases does an occupational pathologist treat?

The specialist treats only occupational pathologies. These include:

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system caused by excessive physical exertion;
Diseases of the respiratory tract caused by adverse effects environment at the enterprise;
Vibrational disease;
Diseases caused by permanent exposure to toxic substances at the enterprise.

Also, the occupational pathologist deals with the treatment of allergic and oncological diseases caused by difficult working conditions.

Where can o buy a certificate from an occupational pathologist

Clinic MedProfi 24 offers its services in the preparation of almost any medical documentation. We employ specialists of different profiles, we have our own laboratory, modern diagnostic equipment... To make an appointment with an occupational pathologist, call the registry. The clinic is open from 8.00 to 23.00.

A referral for an initial medical examination upon hiring is issued to a future employee by the employer. V this document information about the employee and the name of the medical institution in which the doctors will examine themselves are indicated.

When passing the examination, a prospective employee must have a referral issued by the employer and a passport.

In the medical institution, a card is created, where the conclusions will be recorded when passing the examination by specialists.

Order of passage

The list of medical specialists who need to go through differs depending on the position occupied by the future employee.

Also, the list differs depending on the gender of the employee.

The standard list of doctors for a professional examination when hiring:

optometrist;
otolaryngologist;
surgeon;
psychiatrist;
therapist.

Women are usually scheduled to be examined by a gynecologist. Medical examination by a gynecologist when applying for a job is required according to to the order of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation of March 14, 1996 (as amended on February 6, 2001).

The specialist examines the woman, takes bacteriological and cytological tests. If an examination by a gynecologist is mandatory due to belonging to a profession that requires an annual examination, a woman cannot refuse this procedure.

In case of refusal from a medical examination by a gynecologist, then the employer can do not hire.

Some vacancies are required to undergo a psychiatric examination when hiring.

What tests are taken when applying for a job? During a preliminary medical examination, the future employee must take a blood test and urine test, as well as undergo fluorography and an electrocardiogram.

After passing the examination by all specialists and passing the tests, the employee should obtain an opinion from a general practitioner. How long is the medical examination valid for hiring? The certificate-conclusion is valid from six months to a year, depending on the form.

If during this period the person was seriously ill or underwent surgery, then the certificate is considered canceled. In this case, it is necessary to undergo a new medical examination.

Institutions

For a preliminary medical examination during employment, the employer issues a referral in which the name and address of the medical institution for undergoing this procedure is indicated.

Between an employer and a licensed health care provider, most often contracts are concluded.

If an agreement was not concluded between the employer and the medical institution, then the future employee undergoes a preliminary examination by specialists in any medical institution licensed to carry out these procedures.

City, district, republican, village clinics have such a license. When contacting private medical centers and clinics need to clarify the availability of such a document.

Medical certificate forms

No. 086 / y

This form of medical certificate is two-sided, has 12 points. It is completed by the physician of the medical institution indicating the personal data of the employee with the entry of a list of diseases transferred earlier, information about vaccinations.

Then each specialist who conducts the inspection puts a note in the certificate. Test results and possible limitations are also recorded here. The conclusion about the professional suitability of the employee is made by the medical board.

Signs this form the certificate of the doctor who issues it, the signature of the head doctor and the seal of the medical institution are also put. The certificate (form No. 086 / y) is valid for six months from the date of issue.

Medical certificate form No. 086 / y :

No. 001-GS / y

This form of certificate contains a conclusion, which indicates that a citizen of the Russian Federation does not have diseases that prevent the passage of civil or municipal service RF.

Also, this certificate is used to examine the presence of a disease in a person undergoing examination, in which the passage of these types of services is impossible. The certificate is signed by the doctor who issued it. Also, the signature of the head physician and the seal of the medical institution are put.

The certificate (form No. 001-ГС / у) is valid for twelve months from the date of issue.

So, before employment, a future employee is given a referral for a preliminary medical examination. When passing the examination, it is necessary to go through all the doctors indicated in the certificate issued by the therapist.

This procedure is necessary to assess the health status of the future employee and suitability for the future position.

The law in Russia provides for the need for a medical examination for a certain group of workers at the time of hiring.

Target- assess the general health of a potential candidate, confirming it professional suitability or by identifying possible features and diseases that do not allow him to take a vacant position.

Compulsory medical examinations can prevent the spread of epidemics and prevent accidents.

Mandatory medical examinations

Medical examinations are divided into types:

Preliminary.
Annual (periodic).
Out-of-turn examinations.

A preliminary examination is carried out during the period when a new employee is hired. Employees belonging to certain categories and working in harmful conditions... When examined out of turn, the employee himself may ask the manager in view of the recommendations of certain medical specialists.

Mandatory medical examinations are payable by the employer and are specific to certain employees. The obligation to conduct such surveys of citizens can be established municipal authorities authority for specific businesses.

Preliminary medical examinations

When applying for a job, you need to determine whether a person is fit for health reasons to perform duties at a specific workplace. For this, employers require a preliminary examination. Labor legislation establishes standards that guarantee the safety of workers' earnings.

The pre-screening process depends on the gender of the employee and on the nature of the position for which he is employed. The list of doctors to visit may vary.

Here is a general list of specialists:

Ophthalmologist.
Surgeon.
The doctor is a neurologist.
Otolaryngologist.
Physician therapist.

In addition, the employee will have to pass traditional general analyzes, undergo an ECG and a fluorography session. After a citizen visits all doctors, the therapist gives a general opinion on the health of the employee.

The procedure for conducting medical examinations

Mandatory examination by specialists when hiring a new employee takes place at the expense of the employer or is paid by him after employment.

The employer issues a special examination sheet (referral) to the future employee, on the basis of which the examination by the doctors indicated in it will take place. Often the examination takes place in a medical organization with which the company has an agreement. You should appear for a medical examination with a passport or other document that allows you to verify your identity.

In the patient's personal card, the results of the examinations and the conclusion of the therapist are recorded. It indicates information about the general level of health and the presence or absence of health features that interfere with the performance of work.

The document is certified with a seal medical institution... The conclusion is to be issued to the employee, and a second copy is placed on the patient's personal record, which is kept at the clinic.

A citizen who has not passed a medical examination cannot start working.

Obligations of an employee when undergoing a medical examination

All employees are obliged to comply with labor protection requirements, and the employer provides them with a safe working environment.

If the employee belongs to a group of citizens subject to compulsory medical examination at work, then he must undergo the necessary examination. This applies to all types of medical examinations.

The employee is considered to have violated labor discipline if he did not fulfill his duty for no reason. A reprimand, reprimand and even dismissal can serve as a sanction.

An employee who has not passed the mandatory examination is suspended from work in accordance with the Labor Code.

A responsibility

The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for the responsibility of enterprises for signing an employment agreement with applicants without a mandatory medical examination.

This behavior is subject to fines:

For officials- from 1 to 5 tons.
For individual entrepreneurs - from 1 to 5 tons. either suspension entrepreneurial activity up to 3 months.
For organizations - from 30 to 50 tons. or suspension of activities for a similar period to the individual entrepreneur.

If the person who violated the law has already been subjected to administrative sanctions, for subsequent violations of a similar kind, he will be subject to a disqualification punishment for a period of one to three.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation established that an employment agreement can be terminated if a violation of the rules for its conclusion is revealed. If the employee is not to blame for this, then before dismissal, he must be offered to take one of the vacancies. After resigning, a citizen receives an amount equal to the monthly wages on this spot.

If an applicant for a position refuses to undergo a mandatory examination, his refusal to work will be lawful.

Cost accounting

The costs incurred by enterprises in organizing periodic examinations of their wards are provided for by law and are subject to special accounting.

These cash costs:

Subject to accounting in the tax base for income tax.
Cannot be taxed on personal income.
Do not entail payment of insurance amounts to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, FSS, MHIF.
Not taken into account when paying contributions for compulsory insurance against accidents and accidents at the workplace.
When forming the tax base, the amounts spent by the employer for the maintenance of treatment rooms and points used for compulsory medical professional examinations are also taken into account.

If we are talking about medical examinations that are not provided for by Russian law, then they are not taken into account when determining income tax.

Citizens who undertake to undergo a medical examination during employment

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes groups of working citizens who are required to undergo an examination when hiring:

Persons engaged in harmful and hazardous work(including underground).
Persons working on vehicles.
Food industry workers.
Citizens working in food and trade.
Persons engaged in work related to plumbing systems.
Persons working in medical organizations.
Citizens employed in work in children's organizations.
Other persons working in certain fields.

Minor future employees, when hiring for a vacant position, must undergo a medical examination. Persons wishing to lead labor activity in the regions of the Far North, when applying for a job, they must have a doctor's certificate, which confirms their suitability for work and life in a given climate and area. Otherwise, the employer does not enter into a contract with them. Athletes must undergo a mandatory examination upon employment.

In addition to Labor Code, the obligation to undergo inspection is regulated by other laws. Judges, train drivers, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and customs are subject to medical examination.

In the regions of the country local authorities can determine additional group citizens subject to compulsory medical examination. An employee of children's institutions, food enterprises and organizations of the household sector must have medical records, where the results of all examinations by doctors are entered.

Who pays for the medical examination

The obligatory examination is carried out at the expense of the employer. Even the examination of a job seeker who was not eventually recruited for any reason is subject to payment by the enterprise.

If the examination is not necessary, but the employee himself wished to pass it or did it at the insistence of the employer, then the employee pays for such an examination himself.

To reimburse the amount of money spent by a citizen for a mandatory medical examination, an application with attached receipts and documents is required.

Refusal of a candidate to undergo a medical examination

If the applicant for the position refuses to undergo a medical examination, which is mandatory by law, an employment agreement cannot be concluded with him. If an employee refuses to undergo an annual mandatory examination, he is suspended from work.

Registration of the document on the direction and as a result of the medical examination

A candidate receives a special referral from the employer to undergo a survey during employment. Its form is established by the enterprise, certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the organization.

After visiting all the referrals of doctors indicated in the list and passing the tests, the candidate for the position goes to the therapist, who makes the final conclusions and issues a medical report. For successful employment, it must contain information about aptitude.

Mandatory examinations by doctors are a useful thing. If you want to work in a healthy team and not put yourself and others at risk, the need for examination will not be intimidating.

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