Standard for drinking water. GOST, SUPIN and hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water. Internal operational control

What do we know about the standards? With the development of trade relations, humanity faced the problem of controlling the quality of any product produced. For this purpose, the corresponding norms and standards were created in each state. With the development of international relations, these norms and quality standards were summarized to unified requirements. Currently, there are several global organizations dealing with water standardization issues. Documents are published in which general and main recommendations on water quality are given. Each country also establishes additional necessary norms for the water of its locality.

- World Health Organization (WHO), whose main task is to solve international problems of health care. In 1984, WHO issued the main quality standard - "Guidelines for the Quality Control of Drinking Water", on the basis of which the standards of other states are developed. The WHO recommendations were the result of many years of fundamental studies and are based on the concept of transferred daily consumption (PSP). WHO recommendations on drinking water can be found, for example, in the EU 98/83 / EU (drinking) directive, in Directive No. 2009/54 / EU on mineral water.

PSP is the amount of substance in food or water in terms of body weight (mg / kg or μg / kg), which can be consumed daily throughout life without noticeable health risks. As a result of the research, PSP values \u200b\u200bwere obtained for the main potentially harmful substances for humans. Based on this data using complex system The correction coefficients developed the norms of main harmful substances in water. Moreover, it is very important, in determining the recommended values \u200b\u200bfor water, the admission of a substance from all sources (with food, breathing, etc.) was taken into account. Such an approach ensures that the total daily consumption of the substance from all sources (including drinking water containing the concentration of this substance at a level equal to or closely recommended) will not exceed the carrying daily consumption.

- European Community (EU) The European Community Directive (EUROPEAN Community, EC) regarding the "water quality intended for consumption by the population" (80/778 / EC) was adopted by the European Council on July 15, 1980. The more famous "Drinking Water Directive) Directive (Drinking Water Directive), this document is based on water legislation of European EU member states.

In the Directive, 66 drinking water quality parameters are normalized, broken into several groups (organoleptic indicators; physicochemical parameters; substances whose presence in water in large quantities is undesirable; toxic substances, microbiological parameters and softened water parameters intended for consumption). United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) US Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. Enviropment Protection Agency) is the US Governmental Establishment, which includes the protection of public health and environmental protection. This agency has developed a federal quality standard for the quality of the US drinking water. This standard includes two sections: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations - This is mandatory for compliance with the standard that brings together 79 parameters (organic and inorganic impurities, radionuclides, microorganisms), potentially dangerous to human health; National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations is a standard that is a recommendatory character and includes a list of 15 parameters, excess of standards for which can worsen consumer quality water.

To date, new directives mentioned above have been developed. They can be found on the Internet.

State Standard of the Russian Federation (GOST). The basis of guests, constitute sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN) No. 214.1116-02, which divide bottled water into two categories - the highest and first. The waters of the highest and first category differ among themselves the content of biogenic elements determining the physical usefulness of water is calcium, magnesium, fluorine and iodine. Many manufacturers in our country work on specifications (TU). According to a single classifier, water produced by the one starting from the number 9185 belong to the waters of mineral, and from the number 0131-bottled dining rooms (neurineral).

Standards of the countries of the European Community, World Organization Healthcare differ from in approaching Russian in that water is classified taking into account the source source and do not affect the medical and biological principles important to human health when using this water from a particular source. Russian standards for water tougher than recommended in international documents. . Specialists of this area are checked by their data with foreign studies. If the standards of our country are more stringent than the WHO recommends, our standards are taken as the basis. If foreign documents suggest tighter criteria - respectively.

All waters that received a testimony or certificate for products should be registered in the register of Rospotrebnadzor FP.CRC.ru (it can be viewed on the Internet).

Gostam memo:

International documents regulating water quality:

For each type of water, its GOST has been developedSince all these waters are presented different requirements.

Water water can be done perfectly qualitatively (due to the large number of pollution).

Mineral water must first be treated. And it is prepared by its special technology, often using carbon dioxide for disinfection, which is unacceptable for children under 7 years. In the water dining room often contains a large number of individual trace elements. As well as carbon dioxide.

If you choose drinking water for every day, for a child or for special groups of citizens: pregnant, elderly, people with weakened health, working in harmful production, then as the basis of the quality of water, of course, you should take San Pin on bottled water 2.1.4.1116-02. This San Ping was designed by scientists to control the quality of drinking freshwater for every day. For this San Pine, the highest quality is children's water, then the highest category.

Just such water you can TO ORDER we have.

You can ask us your question about water to email. [Email Protected] Or for the phone 8-926-011-79-76 Maria

If you have questions about water quality indicators, drinking water categories, how to choosely choose bottled water you can familiarize yourself with our materials on the site.

Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

NATIONAL

STANDARD

Russian

Federation

DRINKING WATER

(ISO 8586: 2012, NEQ) (ISO 3972: 2011, NEQ) (ISO 7027: 1999, NEQ)

Official edition

STSHDFPSFTSM

GOST R 57164-2016

Preface

1 Developed by the Technical Committee of Lo Standardization TC 343 "Water Quality" and CJSC "Center for Research and Water Control"

2 Submitted by the Technical Committee on Standardization of TC 343 "Water Quality"

3 approved and 8wood Federal Agency for technical re * marsh and metrology of October 17, 2016 No. 1412-st

4 In this standard, the main regulations of the following international standards are taken into account: ISO 6586: 2012 "Sensory Analysis. General Guidelines for Lo Selection, Training and Control of the work of selected tests and experts * Tests in the field of sensory Ana * Liea »(ISO 8586: 2012" Sensory Analysts - General Guidelines for the Selection, Training and Monitoring of Selected Assessors and Expert Sensory Assessors " . NEQ). ISO 3972: 2011 "Organoleptic analysis. Methodology. Method of study of taste sensitivity "(ISO 3972: 2011" SENSORY ANALYSIS - METHODOLOGY - METHOD OF INVESTITIGATING SENSITIVITY OF TASTE ". NEO). ISO 7027: 1999 "Water quality. Ora * division of turbidity "(ISO 7027: 1999" Water Quality - Determination of Turbidity ". Neo)

5 introduced for the first time

The rules for applying this standard are established in Article 26 Federal Law from June 29, 2015 №162-ФЗ "On standardization in the Russian Federation". Information on changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) of the National Standards Information Index, and the Official Text of the Amendments and the amendments of the monthly information indicator "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or the cancellation of this standard, the appropriate notification will be supported in the nearest issue of the monthly information pointer "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (WMV.Gost.rti).

© Stamartartinform. 2016.

This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, is replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

GOST R 57164-2016

1 area of \u200b\u200buse............................................... ..................one

3 Terms and definitions .............................................. ................. 2.

4 Sampling ............................................... .......................... 2

5 Definition of organoleptic indicators ............................................ 2

6 Definition of turbidity ............................................... ................ 6.

7 Registration of the results of the analysis .............................................. ........nine

Appendix A (Reference) Classification of some odors of natural origin ____ 10

organoleptic analysis ................................................ 13

GOST R 57164-2016

Introduction

Causes of smell, taste and turbidity of water

Chemically clean water is completely devoid of taste and smell. However, in nature, such water is not found - it always contains solutes in its composition. As the concentration of inorganic and organic substances grows, the water begins to accept one or another taste and / or odor. The smell and taste is the property of substances to cause human and animals a specific irritation of the nasophack and language mucosa receptors.

It should be borne in mind that the smell and the taste may appear in water at several stages: in natural water, in the process of water treatment, during transportation on pipelines.

The main reasons for the occurrence of the smell and the taste in the water are:

Rotting plants. Algae and aquatic plants in the process of rotting can cause fish, herbal, rotten smell of water and a similar unpleasant taste.

Fungi and mold. These microorganisms cause the occurrence of mold, earthy or shallow smell and leads to the appearance of a taste. The trend towards the reproduction of these microorganisms occurs in the places of water and there. where water can be heated (for example, in water supply systems of large buildings with accumulative tanks).

Roleberry and sulfuric bacteria. Both types of bacteria allocate livestry products. which during decomposition create a sharply unpleasant smell.

The compounds of heavy metals, especially iron corrosion products, manganese, copper, which cause a small smell of water, is not enough distant metallic taste.

Salts of alkaline and alkaline-land metal, which in large concentrations give water salty or bitter taste, and can also give water to an alkaline flavor.

Various additives can give water sour and sweet tastes. Sourous taste may have water saturated with carbon dioxide or hydrochloric acid salts.

Industrial waste. Many substances contained in the wastewater of industrial production can cause a strong medicinal or chemical smell of water. In particular, the problem is phenolic compounds, which, in chlorination of water, create chlorophenolic compounds with the characteristic odor.

Chlorination of water. Contrary to widespread belief, chlorine itself, with proper use, does not cause any noticeable odor or taste. 8 The same time, chlorine is capable of entering chemical reactions with different substances dissolved in water. At this, at the same time, the compounds that actually give the water well known to many smell and the taste of "Chlorks".

By origin, odors, tastes and tastes are divided into two groups:

Natural origin (associated with the presence of organisms living in water, reducing plant and animal residues, the presence of salts, as a rule in marine or groundwater);

Artificial origin (due to impurities of industrial wastewater. Reagents of water treatment processes, pipe materials, etc.).

The smell of water of natural origin is usually associated with the presence of phytoplankton and with the activities of bacteria, decomposing organic matter. Therefore, the water of spring, keys, artesian wells usually does not smell.

There are more than 200 substances allocated only by algae of various species capable of perceived by olfactory receptors, but the problems of the appearance of emerging foreign smells of tap water are also associated with some of them: 2-methylovobornol (MIB). Geosmine. Mercpta, dimethyldisulfide, dimethyl sulfide, 2.4-hepgadical, 2.6-Nonadienal.

Number different species Smells are large enough. Most often there are the following water smells of surface reservoirs: rotten, grassy, \u200b\u200bearthy, dung. Some types of algae cause specific smells. For example, representatives of Asterionella generators (geranium and fish) produce from a group of diatom algae. Cyctotella (grassy. Geranium, fish), Tabellaria (grassy, \u200b\u200bgeranium, sharpness). Representatives of Golden Algae (Chrysophyte) Synura. Dinobryon. Uroglenopsis is able to give water a strong fish smell. This smell, as in the case of diatom algae, has aldehydes and ketones resulting from the enzymatic transformation of unsaturated fatty acids during cells of cells.

GOST R 57164-2016

The main causes of smells of groundwater are hydrogen sulfide and iron compounds.

The hydrogen sulfide appears as a result of the impact of anaerobic regenerating sulfur tank. "Theories on organic and elementary sulfur, sulfates and sulfites. In low concentrations, it can produce a swampy, shaggy smell. Often, water from wells smells with iron - the most commonly contaminant, which, when interacting with air oxygen, goes into a trivalent form. Therefore, water just produced from the well looks clean and only then acquires brown and unpleasant metal, iron smell and taste.

The high-quality water of centralized water supply can be considered only such that, according to consumers, does not smell, taste and taste. Usually people do not feel the smell, taste and taste in the intensity of 0 and 1 score on a five-point scale. Only some consumers (up to 10% of the population) feel the smell of the 2 points intensity (up to 10% of the population), and only if they pay their attention to this. When increasing the intensity, the smell becomes noticeable for all consumers without any warning. Therefore, the intensity of the smell of drinking tap water should not exceed two points. In addition, it should be borne in mind that water is heated to prepare hot drinks and first dishes, and this can lead to an increase in its smell. That is why drinking water, as a rule, should not have the smell intensity over two points at a temperature as 20 * p. So 60 in S.

The turbidity of the water is an indicator that characterizes the decrease in the transparency of water in connection with on the "lucid of inorganic and organic fine suspensions, as well as the development of planktonic organisms. The causes of the turbidity of water may be the presence of clay, inorganic compounds (aluminum hydroxide, carbonates of various metals), as well as organic impurities or cake organisms, such as bacterio. phyto "or zooplankton. Also, the cause may be the oxidation of iron compounds and manganese oxygen, which leads to the formation of colloids.

The turbidity of water in rivers and coastal areas of reservoirs is rising during rains, floods, melting glaciers. As a rule, in winter, the level of turbidity in the reservoirs is the lowest, the highest in spring and during summer rains.

The turbidity of drinking water is normalized mainly due to the fact that muddy water protects microorganisms in ultraviolet disinfection and facilitates the growth of bacteria, as well as from aesthetic considerations.

GOST R 57164-2016

National Standard of the Russian Federation

Water casting

Methods for determining odor, taste and turbidity

Drinking Water. Methods for Determination of Odour, Taste and Turbidity

Date of administration - 2018-01-01

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard applies to natural and drinking water, including packaged * in containers, and sets:

Organoleptic methods for determining odor, taste and taste:

Determination of turbidity using optical instruments.

The definition of these water quality indicators is of great importance, since the presence of water outsiders, taste, taste and elevated turbidity may indicate the pollution of water with foreign substances, its poor cleaning, and in addition, repels the consumer, acting on its aesthetic feelings, even if She is harmless.

2 Regulatory references

This standard uses regulatory references to the following standards:

GOST 1770-74 (ISO 1042-83. ISO 4786-80) Mural laboratory glassware. Cylin * Dra. Menzurki, flasks, test tubes. General technical conditions

GOST 2053-77 reagents. Sodium sulphant 9 * EDOGO. Technical conditions

GOST ISO 3972-2014 Methodology. Taste Research Method

GOST 4233-77 reagents. Sodium chloride. Technical conditions

GOST ISO 8586 * 1-2011 Organoleptic analysis. General guide to selection, learning and testing of tests. Part 1. Selected Testers

GOST 11086-76 sodium hypochlorite. Technical conditions

GOST ISO / IEC 17025-2009 General requirements To the competence of test and calibration laboratories

GOST 25336-82 dishes and equipment laboratory glass. Types, basic parameters and dimensions

GOST 28311-89 Medical laboratory dispensers. General technical requirements and test methods

GOST 28498-90 Liquid glass thermometers. General specifications. Test methods.

GOST 29169-91 (ISO 648-77) Laboratory glassware. Pipettes with one mark

GOST 29227-91 (ISO 835-1-81) glassware laboratory glass. Pipettes graded. Part 1. Common Requirements

Official edition

GOST R 57164-2016

GOST 30813-2002 Water and water treatment. Terms and definitions of GOST 31861-2012 water. General Sampling Requirements

GOST 32220-2013 Drinking water, packaged in containers. General Specifications GOST R 56237-2014 (ISO 5665-5: 2006) Drinking water. Sampling at water treatment stations and in pipeline distribution systems

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the action of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or on the National Standards Annual Information Signal, which is published as of January 1 of the current year, and on the issues of the monthly information pointer "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced, to which the undated link is given, it is recommended to use the current version of this standard, taking into account all changes made to this version. If the reference standard is replaced by a dated reference, it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the above-mentioned approval (adoption). If, after the approval of this standard in the reference standard, which is given a dated reference, a change has been made, affecting the provisions for which the Outlock is given, this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, the position in which the reference is given to it is recommended to use E part that does not affect this link.

3 Terms and Definitions

This standard applies terms according to GOST ISO 8586-1. GOST ISO 3972 and GOST 30813.

4 Sampling

4.1 Water samples are selected according to GOST 31861, GOST R 56237 in glass containers with impartial IPIs tightly screwing plugs. Selection and storage of trials to determine the turbidity is allowed to be carried out in plastic containers. Minimum sample volume 300 cm 3. When determining all the indicators for this standard, it is recommended to select at least 500 cm 3 water.

4.2 water samples to determine the smell, taste, taste and turbidity do not preserve. The analysis is carried out in the laboratory as quickly as possible, but no later than 6 hours after sampling, and to determine turbidity no later than 24 hours after the selection.

4.3 Selection of drinking water samples, packaged in capacity, timing and storage conditions - according to GOST 32220.

5 Determination of organoleptic indicators

5.1 Essence of organoleptic methods

The methods are based on the ability of a person to feel and perceive dissolved in water substances like smells, tastes and tastes. Depending on the objective conditions (temperature, humidity) and the functional state of the body (for example, daily oscillations), the smell intensity can fluctuate in fairly wide limits.

Organoleptic assessment is performed by the direct method of smell recognition, flavors and tastes - on the sensation of perceived taste. These indicators are not amenable to formal measurement - the definition is carried out by expert.

To estimate the intensity of the smell and the taste, use the scores system.

5.2 Measurement Means, Auxiliary Equipment

Cylinders or menparts according to GOST 1770 with a capacity of 100 cm 3.

Glass laboratory thermometer according to GOST 28498 with temperature measurement range from 0 * from to 100 * s.

Fly-mounted flasks with fitting corks with a capacity of 250-350 cm 3 according to GOST 2S336 or similar to divisions indicating the volume of fluid (to determine the smell).

GOST R 57164-2016

Hour glass.

Water bath, providing uniform heating of flat-bottomed flasks and maintains the temperature * of the dragee (60 + 5) * p.

Water without smell and taste of 5.6.

Glasses with a capacity of 50-100 cm 3 (to determine the taste and taste).

It is allowed to use other means of measurements, auxiliary equipment and reagents with metrological and technical characteristics not worse than those mentioned.

5.3 Preparation for Analysis

5.3.1 Dishes

On the eve of the analysis, at least 12 hours before it started, the flasks fill the "under the plug" with water without smell and closed with traffic jams. Before use, the water is poured, the flasks are rinsed with a fresh portion of this water.

5.3.1.2 To determine the taste and the taste, it is recommended to use a glass of disposable plastic capacity of 50-100 cm 3.

5.3.1.3 Dishes, if it is not disposable, it is necessary to wash with the use of detergent without smell.

5.4 Rooms and environmental conditions

The temperature and relative humidity of the air indoor for organoleptic analysis during testing should be in the range of 18 ° C to 24 * C and from 15% to 75%, respectively.

For organoleptic analysis, the presence of two rooms is optimal:

Research Premises:

Premises for the preparation of samples.

The premises for the preparation of samples should be in the immediate vicinity of the research room. At the same time, it must be located in such a way that the tests do not need to be held through it to get to the place of research.

8 The absence of a separate room. Organoleptic analysis is allowed to be carried out in a general laboratory room in which there are no extraneous odors ( chemical reagents, Flowers, Perfumery, etc.).

The laboratory premises in which organoleptic analysis is performed should be protected from sharp extraneous noise, vibrations and other distracting factors. It is recommended that the premises are painted in light tones.

5.5 Personnel

To conduct organoleptic analysis, tests that have physical opportunities for its conduct that have been prepared and verifying the practical skill in the field of organoleptic analysis on this standard are allowed.

Testers should be able to express and interpret their initial sensations. Especially important is the ability to concentrate and not succumb to external influence.

Testers should not take medicines that can weaken sensory perception (for example. Alcohol-containing tinctures), before and during tests.

Testers should not use flavored cosmetics before and during research. In addition, it should be refracted from smoking or contact with smokers or strong smells at least 1 hour before analyzing.

Testers are not allowed to perform organoleptic definitions in the presence of health factors that affect the execution of works and their results. The test must inform the responsible performer (head of the laboratory) about the presence of such factors as:

Runny nose;

Allergic reactions;

Tooth and headache.

GOST R 57164-2016

5.6 Comparison Samples

In the laboratory there should be comparison samples (control samples), which are used in tester training and test quality control. They must have a smell, taste (taste) stable for a certain time, the intensity of which can be reproduced using the appropriate preparation algorithm.

It is necessary to pick up at least two source substances for the preparation of comparison samples when learning tests to the definition of smell and taste (taste).

In the event that water at the water treatment stage is chlorinated, one of the samples of comparison should have a "chlorine" smell. If underground water is used, then one of the samples of comparison should have a "salty" taste, etc. "zero" sample comparison (idle breakdown) is the water without smell and taste, identical to water used to prepare dilutions.

Distilled water may have a peculiar smell and even a taste. In this case, as a sample of comparison, bidistributed water or water prepared using specialized installations, for example, deionization, or drinking water, packaged in tanks, or boiled tap water, processed, can be used as a comparison sample. activated coal. To do this, boiled tap water is passed through a column with granulated activated carbon at low speed. You can also break the water with activated carbon in the flask (0.6 g per 1 dm 3) followed by its filtration.

All comparison samples should be uniquely identified. For each name, the expiration date, storage conditions, features of use, preparation instructions (if required) should be determined.

In Appendix, as an example, a scheme for the preparation of controls (comparison samples) is shown using sodium hypochlorite (chlorine smell at 20 * c). Sodium sulfur (hydrogen sulfide smell at 20 * c). Sodium chloride (salty taste), caffeine (bitter taste). The laboratory can choose other substances and methods of cooking from GOST ISO 8586-1. GOST ISO 3972.

5.7 Testing and Training

For admission to organoleptic analysis, it is necessary to pre-test and tested training.

The choice of tests that will be used to verify employees are carried out in accordance with the upcoming work.

One of the possible pre-testing and learning options is given in Appendix B.

In the laboratory there must be a procedure for checking the detection and recognition of odors and tastes with tests. This procedure should be organized repeatedly, since the sensitivity to smells and tastes may vary over time.

5.8 Analysis Procedure

5.8.1 Definition odor

5.8.1.1 Character odor

The nature of the smell of water is determined by the sensation of the smell perceived.

Smells of natural origin are determined by classification, for example, shown in Table A.1 of Annex A.

The smells of artificial origin are classified by the name of those substances whose smell they represent, for example, chemical, chlorophenol. camphor, gasoline, chlorine, oil, etc.

5.8.1.2 Intensity odor

The intensity of the smell of water is estimated according to the five-point system according to the requirements of Table 1.

GOST R 57164-2016

Table 1 - Intensity of odors

5.8.1.3 Definition of smell at 20 * with

a) Before starting the analysis, the water temperature is measured. If water samples are delivered to the laboratory at the same time from one water pipe system, it is allowed to measure the water temperature in one sample.

Depending on the result of the sample:

Heated to a temperature (20 ♦ 2) in C. Withstanding them at room temperature (but not more than the set storage time) or using a water bath;

Cooled to a temperature (20 + 2) 'with under running water or in ice tanks or in the refrigerator.

In this case, the tanks with samples should be tightly closed.

b) about 100 cm 3 of the test water are placed in a flask with a fitting capacity of 250-350 cm 3. The flask is closed with a plug, the contents are stirred several times with rotational movements. Without scolding, after which the flask is discovered and the nature and intensity of the smell are determined.

When determining the smell, it is recommended to make short, not long breaths, and do not need to inhale the smell many times in order not to fit your feelings. With prolonged contact of the fragile substances with the mucous membrane of the nose, adaptation occurs, leading to a decrease in sensitivity.

Notes

1 If the analysis flags do not have divisions to estimate the volume of water, then the laboratory is allowed to calibrate the flask by marking the level of distilled water measured in the flask with a measuring cylinder or a maximum capacity of 100 cm 3.

2 It is allowed to determine the smell of water directly in tanks for sampling under the condition. that they are widely throat and filled with water breakdown by no more than 2/3. At the same time, if the test determines the smell of water intensity of more than 1 point, the definition is carried out by re-5.6.1.3.

5.8.1.4 Determination of smell at 60 * with

In the flask with a capacity of 250-350 cm 3, about 100 cm 3 of the water test was placed. The neck of the flasks are closed with watch chalk, the flask is placed in a water bath heated to a temperature (60 + .5) E C. and withstand the necessary time. As a rule, for this is enough about 10 minutes.

The contents of the flask are stirred several times with rotational movements. Shifting the glass to the side, quickly determine the nature and intensity of the smell.

5.8.2 Definition of taste and taste

5.8.2.1 Character of taste and taste

The nature of the taste and the lifting of water is determined by the sensation of perceived taste and the taste.

The taste is determined by classification: salty, bitter, sweet, sour.

The tastes are classified by the name of those substances whose taste is represented, for example. Metal, rotten, alkaline (soda), floral.

5.8.2.2 Intensity of taste and taste

The intensity of taste and water taste is estimated on a five-point system according to the requirements of table 2.

GOST R 57164-2016

Table 2 - intensity of taste and taste

Intensity of taste and taste	Character of manifestation of taste and taste	Evaluation of the intensity of taste and taste, score
	Taste and taste are not felt
Very weak	Taste and taste very weak
	The taste and taste of weak, but do not cause disapproving feedback about water
Noticeable	Taste and taste are easy to notice and cause disapproving feedback about water
Displays	The taste and taste is distinct, cause disapproving feedback about water and make refrain from drinking
Very strong	The taste and taste are so strong that they make water unsuitable

5.8.2.3 Definition of taste and taste

About 30 cm 3 prepared by 5.6.1.3 water samples are placed in a cup with a capacity of 50-100 cm 3. The test water is gained into the oral cavity with small portions (about 15 cm 3), not swallowing, delay 3-5 s and spooled. The performers perform an analysis without a rush, the intervals between the samples of about 30 s.

When determining taste and taste, it is not recommended to try water many times. In order not to fit your feelings. With prolonged contact of the substances with a bright taste (taste) with the mucous membrane of the mouth, adaptation takes place leading to a decrease in sensitivity.

Note - Neutralizing means to eliminate the aftertaste Along with water, 5.6 can be boiled rice and white bread.

5.9 Processing results

When the smell, taste and lifting in the sample of water, the intensity of more than 1 point to the determination is recommended to attract the second test. In the event that the performers disagree in assessing the intensity of the odor, taste and the taste, the third test is attracted to the definition. If it is impossible to attract the third test, then the final result takes a greater value obtained from two tests.

If the result received by the third tester coincides with one of the previous ones, then this result is taken for the final one. If the third result does not coincide with any of the previously obtained, then the final result takes the median.

5.10 Quality control of the results of organoleptic analysis

At least once every three months monitor all tests involved in conducting organoleptic analysis using control samples and with registration of a confirmation document, for example, a protocol in form 8.3.1 of Annex V.

6 Definition of turbidity

6.1 General principles

The definition of turbidity was based on either the registration of the scattered radiation occurring during the passage of radiation in the visible or near infrared region of the spectrum through a water sample containing suspended particles (nefelometric method), or to register the weighing of radiation passing through the water sample containing the weighing (turbidimetric method).

The intensity of scattered radiation depends on the wavelength of the incident radiation, the angle of measurement. Forms, optical characteristics and particle size particles suspended in water. Comparison of the results obtained on different devices is possible only when

GOST R 57164-2016

the result is obtained in accordance with this standard and applies the same method of measurements on the same wavelength. The results obtained at different wavelengths cannot be compared. It should be noted that the mass concentration of suspended substances cannot be calculated by the importance of turbidity.

Turbidity is expressed in formaire units (EMF).

Approxide NIB - as a rule, nephelometric measurements are used in the range up to 40 EMF. For higher turbidity values, a turbidimetric method is used.

6.2 Measurement Means, Auxiliary Equipment, Reagents, Materials

Nefelometer (Mugomere. Nevelometric turbidity analyzer), which corresponds to the following requirements:

c) the measured angle between the optical axis of the incident radiation and the optical axis of diffuse * radiation should be (90.0 ± 2.5) *;

turbidimeter (Mugomere. Turbidimetric turbidimetric analyzer) or spectrophotometer (photo * Colorimeter), which meets the following requirements:

a) the wavelength of the falling radiation should be 860 nm;

b) the width of the spectral bandwidth of the incident radiation must be less than or equal to 60 nm;

a) The measured angle (tolerance for deviation from the optical axis) of the incident radiation and this angle of scattered radiation should be (0.0 ± 2.5) *.

The lower limit of the measurement range of muderoa (turbidity analyzers) should be no more than 1 EMF. Measurement errors by 6.7.

Note - In the event that the laboratory leads a multi-year series of observations of water turbidity in the green part of the spectrum, it is perhaps the use of a spectrophotometer (photocoloromegr) with a wavelength of increasing radiation 530 nm with cuvettes with a thickness of the absorbing layer 10. 50 and 100 mm.

Standard water turbidity samples made from a formazine suspension with a nominal value of the turbidity of 4000 EMF and the relative error of the certified value of no more than ± 3%. To control the stability of the work of muderoa (turbidity analyzers), it is allowed to use gel standards of turbidity, including the maintenance of the instrument.

Filter membrane with pore diameter 0.1-0.45 μm. which should be prepared for analysis according to the filter manufacturer instructions.

Filtering device through membrane filters.

The bulbs are measured 2-50-2, 2-100-2. 2-200-2. 2-1000-2 according to GOST 1770.

Pipettes graded 1-1-2-1; 1 -1 -2-2; 1-1-2-S: 1-1-2-10 or other types and versions according to GOST 29227 or Pipetaking Variable Volumes with Metrological Characteristics according to GOST 28311.

Cylinders or Menzur 2-10. 2-100 according to GOST 1770.

water to 6.3.

It is allowed to use other measuring instruments, auxiliary equipment and reagents. With metrological and technical characteristics are no worse than the specified. It is allowed to use standard turbidity samples with other values \u200b\u200bof turbidity.

6.3 Water for the preparation of calibration solutions

For the preparation of calibration solutions (suspensions) with a nominal value of turbidity of less than 20 EMF, water should be used, having a turbidity value of not more than 0.2 EMF or prepared as follows:

through the prepared membrane filter, 250 cm 3 of distilled or bidistil-layered water and water are discarded. Then, two liters (or less) distilled or bidistillized water are passed twice through the membrane, which is stored for the preparation of graduate solutions of formazin suspensions.

GOST R 57164-2016

6.4 Preparation of graduate solutions of turbidity

To obtain gradual solutions with turbidity values \u200b\u200b(EMF) in the measurement range of interest or turbidity values \u200b\u200brecommended in the manual (instructions) of the muther operation. Standard turbidity sample is diluted with water (6.3) using measuring dishes and pipettes or dispensers E accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the standard sample. Suspension data is resistant for one working day.

6.5 Ceading of the device

Prepare the device and conduct its graduation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

If the other is not written in the instruction manual (instruction) for the operation of the device, with its graduation, water is used as a single sample water from 6.3 and at least four graduating solutions (suspensions) of formazine (6.4) having turbidity values \u200b\u200bevenly located in the operating range.

Graduation of the device is carried out at least twice a year.

In the presence of pre-rewarded turbidity analyzers, their calibration characteristic is confirmed by comparing the measured turbidity values \u200b\u200bfor calibration solutions with the instrument readings using the criteria installed by the manufacturer.

Control of graduation stability is carried out at least once a month.

Note - In the case of applied in the laboratory, the cuvette with different lengths of the optical path for each of them separately set the calibration characteristic.

6.6 Measurement Procedure

In a well-mixed sample, measurement is performed in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the device.

The value of the sample turbidity is determined using the calibration characteristic of the device (see 6.5).

6.7 Expression of results

The numeric value of the measurement result should be ended in the number of the same discharge as the value of the boundaries of the absolute error containing no more than two significant digits. The relative error of turbidity measurements at p \u003d 0.95 for values \u200b\u200bfrom 1 to 15 EMF is ± 20%, for the values \u200b\u200bof turbidity from 15 EMF and more is ± 14%. If smaller measurement error values \u200b\u200bare installed for muther, then the result of turbidity measurements is expressed with the value of the error boundaries specified in the type of type.

Note - If you need to express the measurement results in mg / dm 3. The transition from EMF to mg / dm 3 is carried out based on the fact that 1 EMF numely corresponds to 0.58 mg / dm 3 (by kaolin).

6.8 Control of the quality of turbidity measurement results

6.8.1 The frequency of monitoring the quality of measurement results is established individually for each laboratory in accordance with the documents on intraboratory control of the quality of the analysis results and depending on the number of samples analyzed.

6.8.2 With unsatisfactory control results, for example, when the control boundaries are exceeded upon constructing Shukhart cards. Find out the causes of these deviations, for example, check the operation of the equipment, the operator, the stability of the calibration characteristic.

GOST R 57164-2016

7 Registration of analysis results

The results of the analysis register the test protocol, which is made in accordance with the requirements of GOST ISO / IEC17025, while the test report must contain:

Retreats from the established technique or other circumstances capable of influence the results;

If the measurements of turbidity are carried out at a wavelength of the incident radiation of 530 nm. That is necessarily indicated in the protocol:

The results of the definitions expressed for smell, taste and the taste in points, if the standard is exceeded, indicating the characteristics of the discovered odor, taste and the taste, for turbidity - in units of turbidity.

GOST R 57164-2016

Appendix A.

(Reference)

Classification of some odors of natural origin

Table A.1 - ha Raster odors of natural origin

GOST R 57164-2016

Preparation of comparison patterns

B.1 Measurement Means, Auxiliary Equipment, Reagents

Laboratory scales with fission price (sample discrete) no more than 0.1 mg. The greatest weighing limit of 210 g

Pipettes graded according to GOST 29227 Pipettes with one label according to GOST 29169 Cylinders measured according to GOST 1770 Merricional flasks according to GOST 1770 Sodium hypochlorite according to GOST 11086 Sodium sulphurous 9-water according to GOST 2053 Caffeine, CAS registration number 58-08-2 Sodium chloride (sodium chloride ) according to GOST 4233 Water without smell and taste of 5.6

B.2 Preparation of comparison samples for smelling

source substances	Concentration of the initial solution. T "D-3	to the condition of the edge of the initial solution	Preparation of controlling solution			Koicei-trachp control * legs about solid.	Control sample
				Components			Evaluation of the intensity of the smell, score
Sodium hypochlorite		1 week temperature from 2 "with to 6 * with in a tight zakhagyga glass container		Original solution water to 5.6
				Original solution water to 5.6
				Solution n9 1 water to 5.6
sulfur				Original solution water to 5.6
				Original solution water to 5.6
				Solution N9 2 Water to 5.6

GOST R 57164-2016

B.z Preparation of comparison samples when determining taste

source aeshastana	source solid.	Term and conditions for storing the original solution	Preparation of control solution			Kenia tray of the test * th solution. g / dm 3	Control sample
				Components			Estimate of the intensity of taste, score
	(It should be dissolved in a hot version at a temperature of 80 "C)	1 month temperature from 2-C to 6 * C in tightly closed glass container		Original solution water to 5.6
				Original solution water to 5.6
				Original solution water to 5.6
				Original solution water to 5.6
				Original solution water to 5.6
				Original solution water to 5.6

GOST R 57164-2016

Selection and tested tests performing organoleptic analysis

B.1 Pre-test testing

Pre-testing is designed to check the sensitivity of the candidate for tests to substances that may be present in the water, the sharpness of the perception of smells, tastes and tastes and the ability to determine the differences.

Tests are provided with control specimens for testing (concentration of tested substances above the threshold level) and questionnaires are issued in forms B.1.1.1. B.1.2.1. B.1.3.1. in. 1.1 Test for the detection of the same substances (tests "A" - "Not A").

The test is provided with a sample of the substance "A" and it is possible to familiarize himself with it. Then 6-8 samples are provided, some of which are a sample "A", while others differ from the sample "A". For each sample, the test must determine whether it is identical or not identical "a". All samples "not a" are similar (for example, water to 5.6). The procedure for granting samples of randoms. The test has free access to the sample "A" during the test process.

Form B.1.1.1

Questionnaire for the dough detection of the same substances (tests "A" - "not a") F.I.Ostoretutor_ Date_

Instruction: Test samples one by one and fill out the questionnaire. In the presented samples there are samples identical with the sample "A", and samples other than it. All samples "not a" are similar. For each sample, it is necessary to determine whether it is identical or not identical sample of the substance "A *. Put the sign "V" E of the corresponding column.

B. 1.2 Test for determination of the stimulus (triangle method).

The study exposes only one substance. The test is provided by two samples of a tested substance and one sample of water without smell of AU of taste or vice versa - one sample of the test substance and two samples without EAPA / taste. The test must determine which one of three samples is excellent.

Form V. 1.2.1

Questionnaire for the definition of irritant (triangle method)

F.I.Osty test_ date_

Instruction: Test samples in order from left to right. Two samples are similar to each other, and one is different from them. Select the unpaid (i.e. differ from the other two,) sample and mark it. Putting a sign in V "in the appropriate graph.

Sample code	Unpaid sample

The test is responsible for questionnaires when comes to some solution.

GOST R 57164-2016

B. 1.3 The test for the definition of various levels of irritant intensity

In each test, the tester is randomly lumained by three samples of different concentrations of the test substance, which the test must accommodate in ascending order of the intensity of the stimulus.

Form B.1.3.1.

Questionnaire for the test for determining the levels of the intensity of the stimulus F.I. Osaligel_ date_

Instructions: Test samples one by one and fill out the questionnaire, entering the sample codes from left to right in ascending order of the intensity of the stimulus. The test presents three samples of different concentrations of the tested substance.

Sample code

The test is responsible for questionnaires when comes to some solution.

B.1.4 g) The protocol is issued on the results of preliminary testing.

Protocol number_ot_

Protocol of test test results

| Dolkmoteh. F andos of work)

Results on the test for the detection of the same substances (test "A" - "Not A")

Results on the test for the determination of the stimulus (triangle method)

Results on the test for determination of various levels of irritant intensity

Conclusion: _

Head of Laboratory_ (Signature)

The inability to perform two of the three proposed tests indicates the unsuitability of the test.

GOST R 57164-2016

B.2 Testing Tests

B.2.1 Tests that have passed preliminary testing are trained with subsequent control testing.

B.2.2 Training should:

Develop the ability to identify certain odors / tastes:

Touch quantitatively assess the intensity of odors / tastes in points:

Attach the properties of samples in touch sensory memory:

Work out the procedure for analyzing (tests):

Teach the correctly fill out the questionnaire.

B.2.E in the learning process:

Tests with control samples of different concentrations of all tested substances are approved, which are attributed to the intensity values \u200b\u200baccording to tables B.2. B., And a sample of "odorless / taste";

Testers learn to estimate the intensity of samples on a five-point scale (Table 1. 2 of this document);

Phased training is carried out by B.2.4.

B.2.4 At each stage, training tests are conducted, for each test, tests 4-7 control samples are provided and questionnaires are issued in form B.2.6.1.

In all tests, the first sample is always water from 5.6.

Samples with one character odor / taste are studied. But with different intensity. Samples are arranged in an increase in intensity, additional water samples can be included in 5.6.

Samples with different characteristics of the aelah / taste are studied. But with the same intensity. Additional water samples can be included in 5.6.

Samples are studied with different character and odor intensity / taste. Samples are arranged in an increase in intensity, additional water samples can be included in 5.6.

Testers learn to answer questionnaire questions.

The number of training tests depends on the individual characteristics of the test.

B.2.5 After training, control tested by B.2.6 is carried out and the protocol is issued in form

B.2.6 The test for the definition of the nature and intensity of the smell / taste in the test samples of tests is provided with four control samples and a questionnaire is issued in form B.2.6.1:

The first sample is always water to 5.6;

Samples can be with different character and intensity of the EALAH / taste:

Samples are arranged by the intensity;

A second water sample can be turned on by 5.6.

Form B.2.6.1

Questionnaire for the test for the definition of the nature and intensity of the smell / taste in the control sample F.I.Ostoretutor_ Date_

Instruction: Test samples one by one from left to right and fill out the questionnaire, answering questions. In the "Yes / NW" graphs, put the sign "y". If the smell / ECUS in the control sample is not installed, then in the column "odor's character / taste", write "odorless / taste".

Testers carry out testing of samples according to 5.6.1.3 and 5.8.2.3. Testers respond to questionnaire questions when they come to some decision.

GOST R 57164-2016

V. For tolerance for analysis

According to the test results (protocol in form B.3.1), subject to receipt of at least 75% of satisfactory results, the admission of an employee to independently conducting organoleptic analysis

Form B.3.1.

Protocol N9_Data_

Results of testing the test ability to evaluate the nature and intensity of the smell ^ taste

in control sample

(Duckness. * I.O. worker)

Conclusion:

GOST R 57164-2016

UDC 63: 544: 632: 006.354 OX 13.060.20 H08 OKP 01 3100

Keywords: organoleptic analysis, drinking water, natural water. Water, packaged in tank, smell, taste, taste, turbidity, test

Editor N.S. Nazina Technical editor V.Yu. Fotiev Proofread LS Lysenko Computer Layout E.A. Kondrashova

Delivered and set 24.10.20t6. Signed and print 31.10 2016. Format 60 * 64 VI. Headset Arial.

Hood. Pechs. l. 2.79. Ud. l. 2.So. Circulation 56 ECE. Zack. 2669.

Prepared based on electronic versionprovided by the Standard Developer

Published and printed in FSUE "Standinform". 12399S Moscow. Grenade lane. 4.

Water is the element without which the appearance of life on Earth would be impossible. Human body, like all living things, cannot exist without a lifeful moisture, as no body cell will work without it. Therefore, the assessment of the quality of drinking water is an important task of any person thinking about his health and longevity.

Why water is needed

Water for the body - the second most important component after air. It is present in all cells, organs and tissues of the body. It lubricates our joints, moisturizes the eyeballs and mucous membranes, participates in thermoregulation, helps to be absorbed by the useful substances and removes unnecessary, helps the work of the heart and vessels, increases the body's protective forces, helps to fight stress and fatigue, controls metabolism.

In a day a common person Must drink from two to three liters of pure water. This is a minimum on which our well-being and health depends.

Life and work under air conditioners, dry and poorly ventilated premises, an abundance of people around, drinking poor-quality food, coffee, tea, alcohol, physical exertion - all this leads to dehydration and requires additional water resources.

It is easy to guess that with this value of water in life, it must have relevant properties. What are the quality rates of drinking water in Russia today and what do you really need our body? About this next.

Clean water and human health

Of course, everyone knows that the water we use should be extremely clean. Contaminated can cause such terrible diseases as:

Not so long ago, these diseases drove their health and carried away the lives of whole villages. But today, water quality requirements allow us to secure us from all pathogenic bacteria and viruses. But besides microorganisms in the water may contain many elements of the Mendeleev table, which, with regular consumption in large quantities, can cause serious health problems.

Consider some dangerous chemical elements

• Excess in water iron causes allergic reactions and kidney disease.
• Great manganese content - mutations.
• With the elevated content of chlorides and sulfates, disorders are observed in the operation of the gastrointestinal tract.
• The excessive content of magnesium and calcium gives water the so-called rigidity and causes arthritis and rock formation (in kidneys, urinary and busty bubbles).
• The content of fluorine above the limits of the norm leads to serious problems with the teeth and the oral cavity.
• Hydrogen sulfide, lead, arsenic - all this is a poisonous connection for all living things.
• Uranus in large doses radioactive.
• Cadmium destroys an important zinc for the brain.
• Aluminum causes diseases of the liver and kidneys, anemia, problems with the nervous system, colitis.

There is a serious danger of Sanpine exceeding the norms. Drinking water, saturated with chemicals, with regular use (in the long run) can cause chronic intoxication, which will lead to the development of the aforementioned diseases. Do not forget that poorly purified liquid can cause harm not only when taking inside, but also sucking through the skin during water procedures (taking a shower, bathroom, swimming in the pool).

Thus, we understand that minerals, macro- and microelements, which in small quantities bring us only benefit, are able to call serious, and sometimes irreparable violations in the work of the whole organism.

Key indicators (norms) of drinking water quality

• Organoleptic - color, taste, smell, color, transparency.
• Toxicological - presence of harmful chemicals (phenols, arsenic, pesticides, aluminum, lead and others).
• Indicators affecting the properties of water - rigidity, pH, the presence of petroleum products, iron, nitrates, manganese, potassium, sulphides, and so on.
• The number of chemicals remaining after processing - chlorine, silver, chloroform.

Today, the requirements for water quality in Russia are very strict and regulated by sanitary rules and norms, abbreviated SanPine. Drinking water, which flows from under the tap, according to regulatory documents, should be so clean that it can be used without fear for their health. But unfortunately, really safe, crystal clear and even useful it can be called only at the stage of exiting the purification facility. Further, passing through the old, often rusty and wearing water supply networks, it is saturated with absolutely not useful microorganisms and even mineralized by hazardous chemicals (lead, mercury, iron, chrome, arsenic).

Where do water take for industrial cleaning

• Reservoirs (lakes and rivers).
• Underground sources (Artesian
• Rain and melt water.
• Crushed salted water.
• Water from icebergs.

Why water pollutes

There are several sources of water pollution:

• Communal drains.
• Communal household waste.
• Streams of industrial enterprises.
• Plums of industrial waste.

Water: GOST (norms)

Requirements for tap water in Russia are regulated by Sanpina 2.1.1074-01 and GOST. Here are some of the main indicators.

Indicator	unit of measurement	Maximum permissible number
Color
The residue of dry matter
Total rigidity
Permanganate oxidability
Pav (superficial active substances)
The presence of petroleum products
Aluminum
Manganese
Molybdenum
Strontium
Sulfates

State quality control of water

The drinking water quality control program includes regular tap water sampling and a thorough check of it in all indicators. The number of inspections depends on the number of serviced population:

• Less than 10,000 people - twice a month.
• 10,000-20,000 people - ten times a month.
• 20,000-50,000 people - thirty times a month.
• 50 000-100,000 people - a hundred times a month.
• Further on one additional check for every 5,000 people.

Water from well and well

Very often, people believe that both the springs are better than tap and perfect for drinking. In fact, this is not at all. Selection of water sampling from this kind of sources almost always shows the unsuitability of it for drinking even in boiled form due to the presence of harmful and infected suspensions, such as:

• Organic compounds - carbon, tetrachloride, acrylamide, vinyl chloride, etc. salts.
• Inorganic compounds - exceeding zinc, lead, lead, nickel.
• Microbiological - intestinal sticks, bacteria.
• Heavy metals.
• Pesticides.

In order to avoid health problems, water from any wells and wells must be checked at least two times a year. Most likely, after sampling, comparing the results obtained and the quality of drinking water quality, you will have to put stationary filtering systems and update them regularly. Because natural water changes and updated all the time, and the content of impurities in it will also change over time.

How to check water yourself

Today, there is a huge number of special devices for sale. home check Some water quality indicators. But there are also the simplest and most affordable ways:

• Determining the presence of salts and impurities. One drop of water should be applied to clean glass and wait for complete drying. If after that the glass will not remain the divorces, it means that water can be considered perfectly clean.
• We determine the presence of bacteria / microorganisms / chemical compounds / organic substances. You need to fill the three-liter jar with water, cover with a lid and leave in a dark place for 2-3 days. Green raid on the walls will indicate the presence of microorganisms, the precipitate at the bottom of the bank - about the presence of extra organic substances, the film on the surface - about harmful chemical compounds.
• The suitability of drinking water will help determine the usual test with about 100 ml of the finished weak solution of manganese. It is necessary to pour into a glass with water. Water should be a lighter shade. If the shade changed to the yellow - such water takes the inside categorically not recommended.

Of course, such home checks cannot replace the deployed tests and do not confirm that water GOST corresponds. But if temporarily fails to make sure the moisture is laboratory way, you need to resort to at least such an option.

Where and how can you pass water for analysis

Drinking water quality rates Everyone can control on their own today. If suspicions arise that water from under the tap does not comply with the requirements of the regulatory documentation, you should independently pass the water sample. In addition, it is recommended to do 2-3 times a year if a person uses water from a well, well or spring. Where to contact? This can be done in the district SanEpide (SES) or in a paid laboratory.

Based on the analysis of water samples will be estimated in toxicological, organoleptic, chemical and microbiological indicators in accordance with generally accepted standards. According to the test results, the usual laboratory issues a recommendation for installing additional filtering systems.

Home filter systems

How to support drinking water quality according to the standards? What can be done so that the giving moisture is always the highest quality?

The only output is the installation of stationary filtering systems.

There are filters in the form of jugs, nozzles for crane and table boxes - all these types are suitable only for initially not bad in terms of water quality from a water tap. More serious and powerful filters (under the sink, stationary, falling) are often used to purify water in unfavorable areas, in country houses, on food enterprises.

The best today are filters with a special reverse osmosis system. Such an aggregate first one hundred percent cleans water from all impurities, bacteria, viruses, and then rebound mineralizes its most useful minerals. The use of such wonderful water can establish blood circulation and digestion, and is also allowed to significantly save on the purchase of bottled water.

What to do if not filter

We all accustomed to drink certainly since childhood, it allows you to get rid of dangerous microorganisms, but after boiling it can be even more harmful to health:

• Salts at boiling fall into the sediment.
• Oxygen disappears.
• Chlorine for boiling forms toxic compounds.
• After a day after boiling, water becomes a favorable medium for the reproduction of all sorts of bacteria.

Since it can not guarantee the safety of water from under the tap, and there is no filter yet, from microorganisms it is still necessary to get rid of mandatory. We will remember some rules of "useful" boiling:

• Before boiling water, let it stand for 2-3 hours. During this time, most chlorine will evaporate.
• Turn off the kettle immediately after it boils. In this case, most of the trace elements will be preserved, and viruses and microbes will have time to die.
• Never store boiled water longer than 24 hours.

GOST R 51232-98.

UDC 663.6: 006.354

Group H08.

State Standard of the Russian Federation

DRINKING WATER

General requirements for the organization and methods of quality control

Drinking Water.

General Requirements for Organization and Quality Control Methods

OX 13.060.20

Date of introduction 1999-07-01

Preface

1 Developed Technical Committee on Standardization of TC 343 "Water Quality" (VNIIstandart, MosvodokanniaProekt, GUP CYKV, UIIM, NIECHO. A.N. Sysin Gitspv)

Made Control of agrolegprom and chemical products of the State Standard of Russia

2 adopted and enacted Resolution of the State Standard of Russia of December 17, 1998 No. 449

3 introduced for the first time

4. Reprint. December 2002

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard applies to drinking water produced and submitted by centralized drinking water supply systems, and establishes general requirements for the organization and methods for controlling the quality of drinking water.

The standard applies to the requirements for methods of control and water drinking non-centralized and autonomous water supply systems.

Standard apply and when conducting certification.

2 Regulatory references

GOST 8.315-97 GSI. Standard samples of the composition and properties of substances and materials. Basic provisions

GOST 8.417-81 GSI. Units of physical quantities

GOST 3351-74 Drinking water. Methods for determining taste, odor, chroma and turbidity

GOST 4011-72 Drinking water. Methods for measuring the mass concentration of general iron

GOST 4151-72 Drinking water. Method for determining overall rigidity

GOST 4152-89 Drinking water. Method for determining the mass concentration of arsenic

GOST 4192-89 Drinking water. Method for determining mineral nitrogen-containing substances

GOST 4245-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of chlorides

GOST 4386-89 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of fluorides

GOST 4388-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of copper

GOST 4389-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining sulfate content

GOST 4974-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of manganese

GOST 18164-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of dry residue

GOST 18165-89 Drinking water. Method of determining the mass concentration of aluminum

GOST 18190-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of residual active chlorine

GOST 18293-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining lead content, zinc, silver

GOST 18294-89 Drinking water. Method of determining the mass concentration of beryllium

GOST 18301-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of residual ozone

GOST 18308-72 Drinking water. Molden content method

GOST 18309-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of polyphosphates

GOST 18826-73 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of nitrates

GOST 18963-73 Drinking water. Sanitary and bacteriological analysis methods

GOST 19355-85 Drinking water. Methods for determining polyacrylamide

GOST 19413-89 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of selenium

GOST 23950-88 Drinking water. Method of determining the mass concentration of strontium

GOST 27384-2002 WATER. The norms of measurement measurement indicators and properties

GOST R ISO / IEC 17025-2000 General requirements for the competence of test and calibration laboratories

GOST R 8.563-96 GSI. Methods of measurement measurements

GOST R 51000.4-96 GSS. Accreditation system in the Russian Federation. General requirements for accreditation of test laboratories

GOST R 51209-98 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of chlororganic pesticides gas-liquid chromatography

GOST R 51210-98 Drinking water. Boron content determination method

GOST R 51211-98 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of surfactants

GOST R 51212-98 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of the total mercury of a flameless atomic absorption spectrometry

GOST R 51592-2000 water. General Sampling Requirements

GOST R 51593-2000 Drinking water. Sample selection

3 General provisions

3.1 This standard is used in the organization of production control and the choice of methods for determining the quality indicators of drinking water and water source of water supply, in assessing the state of measurements in laboratories, in their certification and accreditation, as well as in the implementation of metrological control and oversight of the activities of laboratories carrying out quality control ( Determining the composition and properties) of drinking water and water of the water source.

3.2 The quality of drinking water must comply with the requirements of existing sanitary rules and norms approved in the prescribed manner.

3.3 Production quality control of drinking water is organized and (or) carry out organizations operating water supply systems and responsible for the quality of the drinking water supplied to the consumer.

3.4 Organization of production control should ensure measurement conditions that allow to obtain reliable and operational information on drinking water quality in units of values \u200b\u200bestablished by GOST 8.417, with the error of definitions not exceeding the rules established by GOST 27384, with the use of measuring instruments made in state Register Approved types of measuring instruments and verification. Methods used to determine the quality indicators of drinking water should be standardized or certified in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 8.563; To determine biological indicators, it is allowed to apply techniques approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia.

3.5 laboratories are subject to assessing the state of measurements of software and (or) accreditation according to GOST R ISO / IEC 17025, GOST R 51000.4.

3.6 Water control for pathogenic microorganisms is carried out in laboratories with permission to work with causative agents of the relevant group of pathogenicity and license to perform these works.

3.7 Production quality control of drinking water includes:

Determination of the composition and properties of water source of water supply and drinking water in places of water intake, before entering it into a plumbing network, the distribution network;

Input control of the availability of accompanying documentation ( technical Conditions, certificate of conformity or hygienic certificate (hygienic conclusion) for reagents, materials and other products used in the process of water treatment;

Input selective control of products used in the process of water treatment for compliance with the requirements and regulatory documentation for a specific product;

In accordance with the technological regulations, the performance of optimal doses of reagents introduced for water purification;

The development of a control schedule agreed with the territorial bodies of state-poidnadzor of Russia and (or) departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the prescribed manner, which should contain controlled indicators; frequency and number of samples selected; points and dates of sampling, etc.;

Emergency informing of SanEpidadzor centers for all cases of the results of the quality control of drinking water, not corresponding to hygienic standards, first of all, exceeding microbiological and toxicological indicators;

Monthly informing SanEpidadzor centers on the results of production control.

3.8 When adopting administrative decisions to evaluate the results of determining the content of the controlled indicator in relation to the hygienic standard of drinking water quality, the results of determining the content of the controlled indicator without taking into account the values \u200b\u200bof the error characteristic. At the same time, the definition error must comply with the established standards.

3.9 To determine the quality of drinking water can be raised on a contract basis for a laboratory accredited in the prescribed manner for technical competence in performing drinking water testing tests; When conducting arbitration and certification tests - on technical competence and legal independence.

3.10 In laboratories, security, fire safety and production sanitation should be respected.

4 Production control

4.1 Production quality control Water is carried out in places of water intake from the water supply source, before entering it into the distribution network, as well as at the distribution network points.

Water quality control at various stages of the water treatment process are carried out in accordance with the technological regulations.

4.2 Number of points for the selection of water sampling and the location of their location on the water intake, in the tanks of pure water and pressure waterways, before entering the distribution network, establish the owners of water systems (external and internal) in coordination with the authorities of the State Epidemiological Sanitary and (or) epidemiological supervision. Selection of water sampling from the distribution network is carried out from street water treatment devices on the main main lines, on the most sublime and deadlocks of it, as well as from the cranes of the internal water supply networks of houses.

Sampling is allowed from pipelines cranes introduced into the production laboratory on the main control points of the drainage, if the stability of the water composition is ensured at the stage of transporting the pipeline to the laboratory.

4.3 Selection, conservation, storage and transportation of water samples are carried out according to GOST R 51592, GOST R 51593, as well as in accordance with the requirements of standards and other existing regulatory documents on methods for determining the specific indicator approved in the prescribed manner.

4.4 In terms of metrological support, the laboratory must meet the following conditions:

Application of targeted measurement tools;

The use of state and interstate standard samples (GSO);

The use of standardized and (or) certified methods of definitions, as well as methods approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia;

Availability of updated documents on monitoring indicators and methods of analysis;

Permanent intraboratory control of the quality of the results of definitions;

Laboratory staff training system.

4.5 To control the quality of drinking water uses the definition methods specified for:

Generalized indicators in Table 2;

Some inorganic substances in Table 3;

Some organic substances in Table 4;

Some harmful chemicals entering and generated during the processing of water in Table 5;

Organoleptic properties of drinking water in Table 6;

Drinking water radiation safety in Table 7.

Table 2 - Methods for determining generalized drinking water quality indicators

Name of the indicator
Hydrogen indicator	Measured pH meter, error not more than 0.1 pH
Common Mineralization (Dry Residue)	Gravimetry (GOST 18164)
Stiffness common	Titrimetry (GOST 4151)
Oxidability permanganate	Titrimetry *
Petroleum products (total)	IR spectrophotometry *
Surfactants (surfactants) anion-active	Fluoreimetry, spectrophotometry (GOST R 51211)
Phenolic index	Spectrophotometry *

Table 3 - Methods for determining the content of some inorganic substances in drinking water

Name of the indicator	Definition method, ND designation
Ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 +)	Photometry (GOST 4192)
Aluminum (Al 3+)	Photometry (GOST 18165) Atomic absorption spectophotometry * Fluorimetry *
Barium (Ba 2+)	Atomic emission spectrometry * Photometry *
Beryllium (BE 2+)	Fluoreimetry (GOST 18294) Atomic emission spectrometry *
Bor (B, Total)	Fluoreimetry (GOST R 51210) Spectrophotometry * Fluorimetry * Atomic emission spectrometry *
Iron (Fe, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4011) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry *
Cadmium (CD, Total)	Photometry * Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry *
Manganese (MN, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4974) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry *
Copper (CU, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4388) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry * Fluorimetry *
Molybdenum (MO, Total)	Photometry (GOST 18308) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry *
Arsenic (AS, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4152) Inversion voltamperometry * Titrimetry * Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry *
Nickel (Ni, Total)	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry * Photometry *
Nitrates (by NO 3 -)	Photometry (GOST 18826, *) Spectrophotometry * Ionic chromatography *
Nitritics (NO 2 -)	Photometry (GOST 4192) Ionic chromatography * Spectrophotometry * Fluorimetry *
Mercury (HG, total)	Atomic absorption spectrometry (GOST R 51212)
Lead (PB, Total)	Photometry (GOST 18293) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry * Fluorimetry * Inversion voltamperometry *
Selenium (SE, total)	Fluoreimetry (GOST 19413) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry *
Strontium (SR 2+)	Em session Flame Photometry (GOST 23950) Atomic emission spectrometry *
Sulfates (SO 4 2-)	Turbidimetry, Gravimetry (GOST 4389) Ionic chromatography *
Fluorides (F -)	Photometry, potentiometry with an ionis selective electrode (GOST 4386) Fluorimetry * Ionic chromatography *
Chlorides (CL -)	Titrimetry (GOST 4245) Ionic chromatography *
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry * Photometry * Chemilumometry *
Cyanides (CN -)	Photometry *
Zinc (Zn 2+)	Photometry (GOST 18293) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * Atomic emission spectrometry * Fluorimetry * Inversion voltamperometry *
* Specifies the approval of the relevant State Standard

Table 4 - Methods for determining the content of certain organic substances in drinking water

Table 5 - Methods for determining harmful chemicals entering and formed in the process of water treatment

Name of the indicator	Definition method, ND designation
Chlorine residual free	Titrimetry (GOST 18190)
Chlorine residual connected	Titrimetry (GOST 18190)
Chloroform (during water chlorination)	Gas-living chromatography *
Ozone residual	Tutrimer (GOST 18301)
Formaldehyde (when ozonizing water)	Photometry * Fluorimetry *
Polyacrylamide	Photometry (GOST 19355)
Activated silicesloid (Si)	Photometry *
Polyphosphates (by PO 4 3-)	Photometry (GOST 18309)
* Specifies before approving the relevant state standard.

Table 6 - Methods for determining the organoleptic properties of drinking water

Table 7 - Methods for determining the radiation safety of drinking water

It is allowed to apply other definition methods that meet the requirements of 3.4.

For indicators not included in Tables 3 and 4, techniques that meet the requirements of 3.4 are used, and in their absence - the methodology is developed and certified in the prescribed manner.

4.6 For the techniques given in the state standards specified in Tables 2, 3, 5, 6, which have insufficient information about the characterization of the error (and its components), the necessary values \u200b\u200bof the characteristics of the error (and its components) are calculated in accordance with Appendix A.

4.7 When choosing certified techniques take into account the following:

Measurement ranges;

Characteristics of the error;

The presence of measuring instruments, auxiliary equipment, standard samples, reagents and materials;

Evaluation of influencing factors;

Personnel qualifications.

4.8 Methods should contain metrological characteristics and their corresponding control standards, interconnected with assigned (permissible) characteristics of the error characteristics of the results of the analysis or its components.

4.9 Measurement errors should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bset by GOST 27384.

4.10 The control method used should have the lower limit of the range of definable contents of no more than 0.5 PDC.

4.11 The introduction of methods for determining the work of the laboratory is carried out after confirming its metrological characteristics by conducting internal operational control (wok) of the quality of the results of determination (convergence, reproducibility, accuracy) in accordance with the requirements specified in the methodology. In the absence of an error characteristic, as well as the algorithms of the WFA standards, the implementation of the technique is carried out according to the following scheme:

Approbation using distilled water with the addition of the specified indicator prepared from the corresponding GSO;

Determination of the indicator using the real (working) water sample;

Determining the indicator using a real water sample with the additive of the specified indicator (hereinafter - the "encrypted sample") prepared from the corresponding GSO.

Conclusions on the implementation of the methodology are made in accordance with the control algorithms shown in Appendix B.

The introduction of the technique is made in the manner prescribed in the organization.

Note - If the definition method is set to the calculated value of the error characteristics and the method of implementing the methodology is the impossibility of obtaining satisfactory wok results, then another calculated value of the error characteristic is set or another determination technique is used for these purposes.

4.12 The standard samples used (CO) must comply with the requirements of GOST 8.315, to have, as a rule, the rank of state (interstate) and when entering the laboratory is accompanied by a passport.

In the absence of in the state register, the use of mixtures certified in the prescribed manner is allowed. Certification of mixes - by.

4.13 It is allowed to control the quality of drinking water quality by automatic and automated measurement means (analyzers) entered into the state register of approved types of measuring instruments.

4.14 When obtaining the results of determining the less lower limit of the measurement range using the method used and, when presenting these results, it is not allowed to use the designation "0"; Record the value of the lower limit of the measurement range with a sign of less.

5 Internal Operational Control

5.1 Internal operational control of the quality of the results of definitions (wok) is carried out in order to prevent inadequate information in the laboratory for the composition of drinking water and water water source.

5.2 Requirements for the organization and conducting wok are given in.

5.3 Waste convergence, reproducibility and accuracy of determination results.

5.4 Wok accuracy is carried out, as a rule, using the method of additives of standard samples, certified by mixtures in working samples of drinking water.

5.5 Algorithms for conducting the quality of the results of definitions are given in the methods of determination, and in the absence of in the techniques - in and in Appendix B.

5.6 To assess the real quality of the results of definitions and effective management This wok quality is advisable to supplement internal statistical control in accordance with.

5.7 For accredited laboratory, the WOB system is coordinated with the accreditation body and establish in the quality of an accredited laboratory.

Appendix A.

(Reference)

Calculation of the characteristics of the error and its components based on the data given in regulatory documents on the methods for determining the content of the indicator

Led into ND	Accepted assumptions	Method of calculation
d.	Δ C - insignificant
D.	Δ C - insignificant
	Δ N - insignificant
Δ N I. D.
Δ N I. d.
Δ (There is no information about the structure of the error)	Δ C - insignificant
	Δ C - insignificant
There is no regulation of error	Δ accepted * \u003d 50% Δ C - insignificant
* To indicate the characteristics of the relative error, the Δ sign is replaced by δ.

Designations:

Δ - characteristics of the error of the results of the definitions (half width of the interval in which the error of the results of the definitions is with a probability R = 0,95);

Characteristics of the error of the determination results (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the accuracy of the results of the definitions);

Δ С - the characteristic of the systematic component of the error (half-width of the interval in which the systematic component of the error of the determination results is with a probability R = 0,95);

Characteristics of the systematic component of the error (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the correctness of the results of the definitions);

Characteristics of the random component of the error (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the reproducibility of determination results);

Characteristic of the component of the random component of the error (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the convergence of the results of the definitions);

Δ n - permissible value (norm) error;

d. - standard of operational control of convergence (allowable due to the results of parallel definitions);

D. - the standard of operational control of reproducibility (the allowable discrepancy between the results of the analysis of the same sample obtained under the reproducibility conditions);

ξ is a coefficient establishing a link between the characteristic of the random component of the error and the component of the random component of the error.

Appendix B.

(Reference)

Algorithms for conducting internal operational control of the quality of the results of definitions in accordance with[ 48 ]

B.1 Operational quality control of the results of definitions is carried out once over a period of time in which the conditions for conducting definitions are accepted stable. The volume of samples for carrying out the quality of the results of definitions - controls also depends on the established statistical control plans (see, for example, B).

B.2 Algorithm for operational control accuracy

B.2.1 In the operational control of accuracy, the control means is a specially selected working sample from the number of previously analyzed with the addition of a standard sample or a certified mixture. It is recommended that the component content interval in the working sample is in the most typical (medium) area for working samples of values. The content of the entered additive must be comparable in magnitude with the average content of the measured component in the operating samples and correspond to the range of defined contents according to the method used. The additive in the sample is introduced prior to the preparation of the sample to the analysis in accordance with the methodology.

In the case when it is technically difficult to use working samples with additives as a means of control, then solutions of standard samples or certified mixtures are used as a control.

B.2.2 The decision on the satisfactory accuracy of the results of the definitions and their continuation is taken provided:

|Y. - X. - C.| ≤ K., (B.1)

where Y. - the content of the determined component in the sample with the additive;

X. - the content of the determined component in the sample without additive;

FROM - the content of the determined component of the invoiced additive, calculated, based on the certified value of its content in a standard sample or a certified mixture;

TO - Regulatory of operational accuracy control.

(B.2)

where Δ. K. - Characteristics of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the sample with the additive;

Δ P. - Characteristics of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the sample without an additive.

B.2.3. If the laboratory determine the composition of pure natural and drinking winds, it is known that in the working trial, the content of the controlled component is negligible, then the decision on the satisfactory accuracy of the results of definitions is assumed, provided:

|X. - C.| ≤ K. wherein K. \u003d 0.84 δ, (B.3)

where Δ is the characteristic of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the standard sample or in the certified mixture.

The same condition is used when used as a means of controlling solutions of standard samples or certified mixtures.

B.2.4 When exceeding the value of the accuracy wok, the definition is repeated. When re-exceeding the specified standard, the definition is suspended, find out the causes leading to unsatisfactory results, and eliminate them.

B.3 Algorithm for conducting internal operational control of convergence

B.3.1 Operational control of convergence is carried out if the technique provides parallel definitions.

B.3.2 Wok The convergence of the results of the analysis is carried out in the receipt of each result providing for parallel definitions.

B.3.3 Wok convergence is carried out by comparing the discrepancy of the results of parallel definitions obtained when analyzing the sample with the regulatory of the convergence in the certified technique.

The convergence of the results of parallel definitions is recognized as satisfactory if

d K. = X man, n - X min, n ≤ d., (B.4)

where X Man. , N. - Maximum result from n. parallel definitions;

X min , N. - the minimum result from n. parallel definitions;

d. - The norm of the convergence wok, given in the analysis method.

If there is no norm in the method of convergence in the method, then it is calculated by the formula

(B.5)

where Q.(P., n.) \u003d 2.77 at n. = 2, P. = 0,95;

Q.(P., n.) \u003d 3.31 at n. = 3, P. = 0,95;

Q.(P., n.) \u003d 3.63 at n. = 4, P. = 0,95;

Q.(P., n.) \u003d 3.86 when n. = 5, P. = 0,95;

The convergence indicator (characteristic of the component of the random component of the error corresponding to the content of the indicator in the sample).

B.3.4 if d. to ≤ d.The convergence of the results of parallel definitions is recognized as satisfactory, and the result of determining the content of the component in the working sample or during the control definition can be calculated.

B.3.5 If the standard is exceeded, the definition is repeated. When re-exceeding the specified standard, the definition is suspended, find out the reasons leading to unsatisfactory results and eliminate them.

B.4 Algorithm for conducting internal operational reproducibility control

B.4.1 Operational reproducibility control is carried out using a working sample, which is divided into two parts and issued to two analysts or the same analytics, but after a certain period of time, during which the conditions for conducting are determined by stable and relevant conditions for the first control definition.

When determining the definition, the same analyst should remain unchanged the conditions for conducting the analysis and the composition of the controlled sample, which is issued necessarily "encrypted".

The results are recognized as satisfactory if the condition is satisfied

(B.6)

where D. - the standard of internal operational reproducibility control;

X. 1 - the result of the first quantitative determination of the indicator;

X. 2 - the result of the repeated quantitative determination of the indicator;

D. to - The result obtained during the control definition.

B.4.2 If the standard of internal operational control of reproducibility in the technique is absent, then it is calculated by the formula

or (B.7)

where is the reproducibility indicator (the characteristic of the random component of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the sample):

(B.8)

Q.(P., m.) \u003d 2.77 at m. = 2, P. = 0,95;

Q.(P., m.) \u003d 2.8 with m. = 2, P. = 0,95.

B.4.3 If the standard is exceeded, the definition of reproducibility is repeated. When re-exceeding the specified standard, the reasons resulting in unsatisfactory control results, and eliminate them.

Appendix B.

(Reference)

Muk 4.2.671-97 Methodical instructions. Control methods. Biological and microbiological factors. Methods of sanitary microbiological analysis of drinking water. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia. M., 1997.

ISO 8467-93 water quality. Determination of the permanganate index. Instructions for the introduction of the new GOST 2761-84 "Sources of centralized economic and drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and the rules of choice. " Approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR. M., 1986.

RD 52.24.476-95 Methodical instructions. IR photometric determination of petroleum products in waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.488-95 Methodical instructions. The photometric determination of the total content of volatile phenols in water after distillation with steam. Approved by Roshydromet.

ISO 6439-90 water quality. Definition of a phenolic index with 4-amino-anti-epiRin. Spectrometric methods after distillation

RD 52.24.377-95 Methodical instructions. Atomic absorption determination of metals (Al, Ag, BE, CD, CO, CR, CU, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in the surface waters of sushi with direct electricallyermic atomization of samples. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 11885-96 water quality. Determination of 33 elements of atomic emission spectrometry with inductive plasma

UMI-87 Unified methods of water quality research. Part 1, KN. 2, 3. Methods of chemical water analysis. SEV, M., 1987

RD 52.24.377-95 Methodical instructions. Atomic absorption determination of metals (Al, Ag, BE, CD, CO, CR, CU, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, V, Zn) in the surface waters of sushi with direct electricallyermic sample atomization. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 9390-90 water quality. Defining borate. Spectrometric method using Azomethane-N

MUK 4.1.057-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.436-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric definition in cadmium waters with cadium. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 5961-94 water quality. Determination of cadmium atomic absorption spectrometry.

ISO 8288-86 water quality. Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Spectrometric method of atomic absorption in the flame.

RD 52.24.377-95 Methodical instructions. Atomic absorption determination of metals (Al, Ag, BE, CD, CO, CR, CU, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in the surface waters of sushi with a direct electrometric atomization of samples. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 8288-86 water quality. Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Spectrometric method of atomic absorption in flame

MUK 4.1.063-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.371-95 Methodical instructions. Method of performing measurements of mass concentration of copper, lead and cadmium in the surface waters of sushi by an inversion voltammetric method. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.378-95 Methodical instructions. Inversion voltammetric definition of arsenic in waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 33-5.3.02-96 Water quality. Quantitative chemical analysis waters. Method for measuring the mass concentration of arsenic in natural and peeled wastewater titometric method with lead salt in the presence of dithiison

RD 20.1: 2: 3.19-95 Methods of performing measurements of beryllium, vanadium, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, arsenic, nickel, tin, lead, selenium, silver, antimony in drinking natural and wastewater

RD 52.24.494-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric definition of nickel with dimethyl glyoxime in sushi surface waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.380-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination in the waters of nitrates with the Grasse reagent after recovery in the cadmium gearbox. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 7890-1-86 water quality. Determination of nitrate content. Part 1. Spectrometric method using 2,6-dimethylphenol.

ISO 7890-2-86 water quality. Determination of nitrate content. Part 2. Spectrometric method using 4-fluorofenol after distillation.

ISO 7890-3-88 water quality. Determination of nitrate content. Part 3. Spectrometric method using sulfosalicylic acid

ISO 10304-1-92 water quality. Determination of dissolved fluoride, chloride, nitrite, orthophosphate, bromide, nitrate and sulfate by liquid ion chromatography. Part 1. Method for water with small degrees of pollution.

ISO 10304-2-95 water quality. Determination of dissolved bromide, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and sulfate by liquid ion chromatography. Part 2. The method of polluted water

ISO 6777-84 water quality. Definition of nitrites. Molecular absorption spectrometric method

MUK 4.1.065-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

PND 14.1: 2: 4.41-95 The method of performing measurements of the mass concentration of lead with a cryoluminescent method in the samples of natural, drinking and wastewater on the fluctuate-02 fluid analyzer. Approved by the Ministry of Environment of Russia

MUK 4.1.067-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.377-95 Methodical instructions. Atomic absorption determination of metals (Al, Ag, BE, CD, CO, CR, CU, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in the surface waters of sushi with direct electricallyermic atomization of samples. Approved by Roshydromet.

ISO 9174-90 water quality. Determination of general chromium content. Spectrometric methods of atomic absorption

RD 52.24.446-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination in chromium waters (VI) with diphenylcarbazid. Approved Roshydromet

MUK 4.1.062-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.067-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

ISO 6703-1-84 water quality. Determination of cyanide content. Part 1. Determination of the total content of cyanides.

ISO 6703-2-84 water quality. Determination of cyanide content. Part 2. Determination of the content of easily allocated cyanides.

ISO 6703-3-84 water quality. Determination of cyanide content. Part 3. Determination of the content of chloride cyana

MUK 4.1.058-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.373-95 Methodical instructions. The method of performing measurements of the mass concentration of zinc in the surface waters of sushi by an inversion voltammetric method. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.438-95 Methodical instructions. The method of performing measurements of the mass concentration of dicosex and 2,4-d in the surface waters of sushi by gas chromatographic method. Approved Roshydromet

MUK 4.1.646-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.646-96 - MUK 4.1.660-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Methodical instructions for determining the concentrations of chemicals in water of centralized economic and drinking water supply. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.473-95 Methodical instructions. Gas chromatographic determination of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in waters. Approved by Roshydromet.

MUK 4.1.650-96 Collection of methodical instructions MUK 4.1.646-96 - MUK 4.1.660-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Methodical instructions for determining the concentrations of chemicals in water of centralized economic and drinking water supply. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.440-95 Methodical instructions. Determination of the total content of 4-7 - nuclear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAU) in waters using thin-layer chromatography in combination with luminescence. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.482-95 Methodical instructions. Gas cohromatographic determination of volatile chlorine-made hydrocarbons in the waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.492-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination of formaldehyde inputs with acetylacetone. Approved Roshydromet

PND F 14.1: 2: 4.120-96 Method of performing measurements of the mass concentration of formaldehyde fluorimetric method in the samples of natural, drinking and wastewater on the fluid analyzer "Fluorate-02". Approved by the Ministry of Environment of Russia

RD 52.24.432-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination of silicon in the form of a blue (reduced) form of molymbroid acid in the surface waters of sushi. Approved by Roshydromet.

RD 52.24.433-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination of silicon in the form of a yellow form of molymbroid acid in the surface waters of sushi. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 7027-90 water quality. Definition of turbidity

ISO 9696-92 water quality. Measurement of "big alpha" -activity in non-mineralized water. Method using a concentrated source

ISO 9697-92 water quality. Measurement of "big beta" -activity in non-mineralized water

Keywords: drinking water, determination methods, production control, drinking water quality

Drinking Water. General Requirements.

fOR ORGANIZATION AND QUALITY CONTROL METHODS

OX 13.060.20

Date of introduction 1999-07-01

Preface

1 Developed by the Technical Committee on Standardization of TC 343 "Water Quality" (VNIIstandard, MosvodokanniaProekt, GUP CYKV, Yaniim, Niyercgo. A.N. Sysin Gitspv)

Made by the management of agrolegprom and chemical products of the State Standard of Russia

3 introduced for the first time

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard applies to drinking water produced and submitted by centralized drinking water supply systems, and establishes general requirements for the organization and methods for controlling the quality of drinking water.

The standard applies to the requirements for methods of control and water drinking non-centralized and autonomous water supply systems.

Standard apply and when conducting certification.

GOST 8.315-97 GSI. Standard samples of the composition and properties of substances and materials. Basic provisions

GOST 8.417-81 GSI. Units of physical quantities

GOST R 8.563-96 GSI. Methods of measurement measurements

GOST 3351-74 Drinking water. Methods for determining taste, odor, chroma and turbidity

GOST 4011-72 Drinking water. Methods for measuring the mass concentration of general iron

GOST 4151-72 Drinking water. Method for determining overall rigidity

GOST 4152-89 Drinking water. Method for determining the mass concentration of arsenic

GOST 4192-82 Drinking water. Methods for determining mineral nitrogen-containing substances

GOST 4245-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of chlorides

GOST 4386-89 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of fluorides

GOST 4388-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of copper

GOST 4389-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining sulfate content

GOST 4974-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of manganese

GOST 4979-49 Water of household and drinking and industrial water supply. Methods of chemical analysis. Selection, storage and transportation of samples

GOST 18164-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of dry residue

GOST 18165-89 Drinking water. Method of determining the mass concentration of aluminum

GOST 18190-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of residual active chlorine

GOST 18293-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining lead content, zinc, silver

GOST 18294-89 Drinking water. Method of determining the mass concentration of beryllium

GOST 18301-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of residual ozone

GOST 18308-72 Drinking water. Molden content method

GOST 18309-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of polyphosphates

GOST 18826-73 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of nitrates

GOST 18963-73 Drinking water. Sanitary and bacteriological analysis methods

GOST 19355-85 Drinking water. Methods for determining polyacrylamide

GOST 19413-89 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of selenium

GOST 23950-88 Drinking water. Method of determining the mass concentration of strontium

GOST 24481-80 Drinking water. Sample selection

GOST 27384-87 water. The norms of measurement measurement indicators and properties

GOST R 51000.1-95 GSS. Accreditation system in the Russian Federation. Accreditation system for certification authorities, test and measuring laboratories. General requirements

GOST R 51000.3-96 General requirements for testing laboratories

GOST R 51000.4-96 GSS. Accreditation system in the Russian Federation. General requirements for accreditation of test laboratories

GOST R 51209-98 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of chlororganic pesticides gas-liquid chromatography

GOST R 51210-98 Drinking water. Boron content determination method

GOST R 51211-98 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of surfactants

GOST R 51212-98 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of the total mercury of a flameless atomic absorption spectrometry

3 General provisions

3.1 This standard is used in the organization of production control and the choice of methods for determining the quality indicators of drinking water and water source of water supply, in assessing the state of measurements in laboratories, in their certification and accreditation, as well as in the implementation of metrological control and oversight of the activities of laboratories carrying out quality control ( Determining the composition and properties) of drinking water and water of the water source.

3.2 The quality of drinking water must comply with the requirements of existing sanitary rules and norms approved in the prescribed manner.

3.3 Production quality control of drinking water is organized and (or) carry out organizations operating water supply systems and responsible for the quality of the drinking water supplied to the consumer.

3.4 Organization of production control should ensure measurement conditions that allow to obtain reliable and operational information on the quality of drinking water in units of values \u200b\u200bestablished by GOST 8.417, with the error of definitions not exceeding the rules established by GOST 27384, with the use of measuring instruments made to the state register approved Types of measuring instruments and tested. Methods used to determine the quality indicators of drinking water should be standardized or certified in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 8.563; To determine biological indicators, it is allowed to apply techniques approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia.

3.5 laboratories are subject to estimating the state of measurements of software and (or) accreditation according to GOST R 51000.1, GOST R 51000.3, GOST R 51000.4.

3.6 Water control for pathogenic microorganisms is carried out in laboratories with permission to work with causative agents of the relevant group of pathogenicity and license to perform these works.

3.7 Production quality control of drinking water includes:

Determination of the composition and properties of water source of water supply and drinking water in places of water intake, before entering it into a plumbing network, the distribution network;

Input control of the availability of accompanying documentation (technical conditions, certificate of conformity or hygienic certificate (hygienic conclusion) for reagents, materials and other products used in the water treatment process;

Input selective control of products used in the process of water treatment for compliance with the requirements and regulatory documentation for a specific product;

In accordance with the technological regulations, the performance of optimal doses of reagents introduced for water purification;

The development of a control schedule agreed with the territorial bodies of state-poidnadzor of Russia and (or) departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the prescribed manner, which should contain controlled indicators; frequency and number of samples selected; points and dates of sampling, etc.;

Emergency informing of SanEpidadzor centers for all cases of the results of the quality control of drinking water, not corresponding to hygienic standards, first of all, exceeding microbiological and toxicological indicators;

Monthly informing SanEpidadzor centers on the results of production control.

3.8 When adopting administrative decisions to evaluate the results of determining the content of the controlled indicator in relation to the hygienic standard of drinking water quality, the results of determining the content of the controlled indicator without taking into account the values \u200b\u200bof the error characteristic. At the same time, the definition error must comply with the established standards.

3.9 To determine the quality of drinking water can be raised on a contract basis for a laboratory accredited in the prescribed manner for technical competence in performing drinking water testing tests; When conducting arbitration and certification tests - on technical competence and legal independence.

3.10 In laboratories, security, fire safety and production sanitation should be respected.

4 Production control

4.1 Production quality control Water is carried out in places of water intake from the water supply source, before entering it into the distribution network, as well as at the distribution network points.

Water quality control at various stages of the water treatment process are carried out in accordance with the technological regulations.

4.2 Number of points for the selection of water sampling and the location of their location on the water intake, in the tanks of pure water and pressure waterways, before entering the distribution network, establish the owners of water systems (external and internal) in coordination with the authorities of the State Epidemiological Sanitary and (or) epidemiological supervision. Selection of water sampling from the distribution network is carried out from street water treatment devices on the main main lines, on the most sublime and deadlocks of it, as well as from the cranes of the internal water supply networks of houses.

Sampling is allowed from the pipeline cranes introduced into the production laboratory on the main control points of the water reservoir, if the stability of the composition of water at the stage of its transportation in the pipeline to the laboratory is ensured.

4.3 Selection, conservation, storage and transportation of water samples are carried out according to GOST 4979, GOST 24481, as well as in accordance with the requirements of standards and other applicable regulatory documents on methods for determining a specific indicator approved in the prescribed manner.

4.4 In terms of metrological support, the laboratory must meet the following conditions:

Application of targeted measurement tools;

The use of state and interstate standard samples (GSO);

The use of standardized and (or) certified methods of definitions, as well as methods approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia;

Availability of updated documents on monitoring indicators and methods of analysis;

Permanent intraboratory control of the quality of the results of definitions;

Laboratory staff training system.

4.5 To control the quality of drinking water uses the definition methods specified for:

Generalized indicators in Table 2;

Some inorganic substances in Table 3;

Some organic substances in Table 4;

Some harmful chemicals entering and generated during the processing of water in Table 5;

Organoleptic properties of drinking water in Table 6;

Drinking water radiation safety in Table 7.

Table 2 - Methods for determining generalized drinking water quality indicators

Name of the indicator
Hydrogen indicator	Measured pH meter, error not more than 0.1 pH
Common Mineralization (Dry Residue)	Gravimetry (GOST 18164)
Stiffness common	Titrimetry (GOST 4151)
Oxidability permanganate	Titrimetry *
Petroleum products (total)	IR spectrophotometry *
Surfactants (surfactants) anion-active	Fluoreimetry, spectrophotometry (GOST R 51211)
Phenolic index	Spectrophotometry *

Table 3 - Methods for determining the content of some inorganic substances in drinking water

Name of the indicator	Definition method, ND designation
Ammonium nitrogen (NH)	Photometry (GOST 4192)
Aluminum (AL)	Photometry (GOST 18165)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry | 7] *
	Fluorimetry *
Barium (BA)	Atomic emission spectrometry *
	Photometry *
Beryllium (BE)	Fluoreimetry (GOST 18294)
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Bor (B, Total)	Fluoreimetry (GOST R 51210)
	Spectrophotometry *
	Fluorimetry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Iron (Fe, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4011)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Cadmium (CD, Total)	Photometry *
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Manganese (Mn, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4974)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Copper (Cu, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4388)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
	Fluorimetry *
Molybdenum (MO, Total)	Photometry (GOST 18308)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Arsenic (AS, Total)	Photometry (GOST 4152)
	Inversion voltamperometry *
	Titrimetry *
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Nickel (Ni, Total)	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
	Photometry *
Nitrates (by NO)	Photometry (GOST 18826, *)
	Spectrophotometry *
	Ionic chromatography *
Nitritics (NO)	Photometry (GOST 4192)
	Ionic chromatography *
	Spectrophotometry *
	Fluorimetry *
Mercury (HG, total)	Atomic absorption spectrometry (GOST R 51212)
Lead (PB, Total)	Photometry (GOST 18293)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
	Fluorimetry *
	Inversion voltamperometry *
Selenium (SE, Total)	Fluoreimetry (GOST 19413)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Strontium (SR)	Em session Flame Photometry (GOST 23950)
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
Sulfates (SO)	Turbidimetry, Gravimetry (GOST 4389)
	Ionic chromatography *
Fluorides (F)	Photometry, potentiometry with an ion-selective electrode (GOST 4386)
	Fluorimetry *
	Ionic chromatography *
Chlorides (SL)	Titrimetry (GOST 4245)
	Ionic chromatography *
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
	Photometry *
	Chemilumometry *
Cyanides (CN)	Photometry *
Zinc (Zn)	Photometry (GOST 18293)
	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry *
	Atomic emission spectrometry *
	Fluorimetry *
	Inversion voltamperometry *
* Specifies before approving the relevant state standard.

Table 4 - Methods for determining the content of certain organic substances in drinking water

Name of the indicator	Definition method, ND designation
HCC (Lidan) isomer
DDT (amount of isomers)	Gas-liquid chromatography (GOST R 51209)
2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxaceous acid)
Tour chloride carbon	Gas-living chromatography *
	Gas-living chromatography *
Benz (a) Pyrene	Chromatography *
	Fluorimetry *
* Specifies before approving the relevant state standard.

Table 5 - Methods for determining harmful chemicals entering and formed in the process of water treatment

Name of the indicator	Definition method, ND designation
Chlorine residual free	Titrimetry (GOST 18190)
Chlorine residual connected	Titrimetry (GOST 18190)
Chloroform (during water chlorination)	Gas-living chromatography *
Ozone residual	Tutrimer (GOST 18301)
Formaldehyde (when ozonizing water)	Photometry *
	Fluorimetry *
Polyacrylamide	Photometry (GOST 19355)
Activated silicesloid (Si)	Photometry *
Polyphosphates (RO)	Photometry (GOST 18309)
* Specifies before approving the relevant state standard.

Table 6 - Methods for determining the organoleptic properties of drinking water

Name of the indicator	Definition method, ND designation
	Organoleptic (GOST 3351)
	Organoleptic (GOST 3351)
Color	Photometry (GOST 3351)
Turbidity	Photometry (GOST 3351)
	Nefelometry *
	Measuring a muder with a definition error of no more than 10%
* Specifies before approving the relevant state standard.

Table 7 - Methods for determining the radiation safety of drinking water

Name of the indicator	definitions
General - radioactivity	Radiometry *
General - radioactivity	Radiometry *
* Specifies before approving the relevant state standard.

It is allowed to apply other definition methods that meet the requirements of 3.4.

For indicators not included in Tables 3 and 4, techniques that meet the requirements of 3.4 are used, and in their absence - the methodology is developed and certified in the prescribed manner.

4.6 For the techniques given in the state standards specified in Tables 2, 3, 5, 6, which have insufficient information about the characterization of the error (and its components), the necessary values \u200b\u200bof the characteristics of the error (and its components) are calculated in accordance with Appendix A.

4.7 When choosing certified techniques take into account the following:

Measurement ranges;

Characteristics of the error;

The presence of measuring instruments, auxiliary equipment, standard samples, reagents and materials;

Assessing influencing factors;

Personnel qualifications.

4.8 Methods should contain metrological characteristics and their corresponding control standards, interconnected with assigned (permissible) characteristics of the error characteristics of the results of the analysis or its components.

4.9 Measurement errors should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bset by GOST 27384.

4.10 The control method used should have the lower limit of the range of definable contents of no more than 0.5 PDC.

4.11 The introduction of methods for determining the work of the laboratory is carried out after confirming its metrological characteristics by conducting internal operational control (wok) of the quality of the results of determination (convergence, reproducibility, accuracy) in accordance with the requirements specified in the methodology. In the absence of an error characteristic, as well as the algorithms of the WFA standards, the implementation of the technique is carried out according to the following scheme:

Approbation using distilled water with the addition of the specified indicator prepared from the corresponding GSO;

Determination of the indicator using the real (working) water sample;

Determining the indicator using a real water sample with the additive of the specified indicator (hereinafter - the "encrypted sample") prepared from the corresponding GSO.

Conclusions on the implementation of the methodology are made in accordance with the control algorithms shown in Appendix B.

The introduction of the technique is made in the manner prescribed in the organization.

Note - If the definition method is set to the calculated value of the error characteristic and when the method is implemented, the impossibility of obtaining satisfactory wok results is established, then another calculated value of the error characteristic is set or another definition method is used for these purposes.

4.12 The standard samples used (CO) must comply with the requirements of GOST 8.315, to have, as a rule, the rank of state (interstate) and when entering the laboratory is accompanied by a passport.

In the absence of in the state register, the use of mixtures certified in the prescribed manner is allowed. Certification of mixes - by.

4.13 It is allowed to control the quality of drinking water quality by automatic and automated measurement means (analyzers) entered into the state register of approved types of measuring instruments.

4.14 When obtaining the results of determining the less lower limit of the measurement range using the method used and, when presenting these results, it is not allowed to use the designation "0"; Record the value of the lower limit of the measurement range with a sign of less.

5 Internal Operational Control

5.1 Internal operational control of the quality of the results of definitions (wok) is carried out in order to prevent inadequate information in the laboratory for the composition of drinking water and water water source.

5.2 Requirements for the organization and conducting wok are given in.

5.3 Waste convergence, reproducibility and accuracy of determination results.

5.4 Wok accuracy is carried out, as a rule, using the method of additives of standard samples, certified by mixtures in working samples of drinking water.

5.5 Algorithms for conducting the quality of the results of definitions are given in the methods of determination, and in the absence of in the techniques - in and in Appendix B.

5.6 To assess the real quality of the results of definitions and effective management of these wok quality, it is advisable to supplement internal statistical control in accordance with.

5.7 For accredited laboratories, the WA system is coordinated with the accreditation body and establish in the quality of an accredited laboratory.

Appendix A.

(Reference)

Calculation of the characteristics of the error and its components based on data,

given in regulatory documents on the methods for determining the content of the indicator

Led into ND	Accepted assumptions	Method of calculation
		() = /2,77
	Insignificant	() = ()
		1,96 ()
	Insignificant	() = /2,77
		1,96 ()
	Insignificant	()=/1,96
		() = /2,77
		()=/1,96
		()=
		1,96 ()
		() = /2,77
		() = ()
		()=/1,96
		()=
		1,96 ()
(information about the structure of the error is absent)	Insignificant	()=/1,96
	Insignificant	1,96 ()
		() = /2,77
		()=/1,96
		()=
		1,96 ()
There is no regulation of error	Accepted * \u003d 50%	Adopted
	Insignificant	()=/1,96
* To indicate the characteristics of the relative error, the sign is replaced by.
Designations:
Characteristics of the error of the results of definitions (half width of the interval, in which the error of the results of the definitions is with a probability \u003d 0.95);
() - characterization of the error of the results of the definitions (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the accuracy of the results of the definitions);
Characteristics of the systematic component of the error (half-width of the interval, in which the systematic component of the error of the determination results is with a probability \u003d 0.95);
() - the characteristics of the systematic component of the error (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the correctness of the results of the definitions);
() - the characteristic of the random component of the error (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the reproducibility of the results of the definitions);
() - the characteristic of the component of the random component of the error (the average quadratic deviation characterizing the convergence of the results of the definitions);
Permissible value (norm) error;
Standards for operational control of convergence (allowable discrepancy of the results of parallel definitions);
Standard of operational control of reproducibility (the allowable discrepancy of the results of the analysis of the same sample obtained under the reproducibility conditions);
The coefficient establishes the relationship between the challenge of the random component of the error and the component of the random component of the error.

Appendix B.

(Reference)

Algorithms for conducting internal operational control

qualities of determination results in accordance with

B.1 Operational quality control of the results of definitions is carried out once over a period of time in which the conditions for conducting definitions are accepted stable. The volume of samples for carrying out the quality of the results of definitions - controls also depends on the established statistical control plans (see, for example, B).

B.2 Algorithm for operational control accuracy

B.2.1 In the operational control of accuracy, the control means is a specially selected working sample from the number of previously analyzed with the addition of a standard sample or a certified mixture. It is recommended that the component content interval in the working sample is in the most typical (medium) area for working samples of values. The content of the entered additive must be comparable in magnitude with the average content of the measured component in the operating samples and correspond to the range of defined contents according to the method used. The additive in the sample is introduced prior to the preparation of the sample to the analysis in accordance with the methodology.

In the case when it is technically difficult to use working samples with additives as a means of control, then solutions of standard samples or certified mixtures are used as a control.

B.2.2 The decision on the satisfactory accuracy of the results of the definitions and their continuation is taken provided:

(B.1)

where - the content of the determined component in the sample with the additive;

The content of the determined component in the sample without additive;

The content of the determined component in the introduced additive, calculated, based on the certified value of its content in a standard sample or a certified mixture;

Regulatory of operational accuracy control.

(B.2)

where - the characteristic of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the sample with the additive;

Characteristics of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the sample without an additive.

B.2.3 If the laboratory determine the composition of pure natural and drinking water and it is known that in the working sample, the content of the controlled component is negligible, then the decision on the satisfactory accuracy of the results of the definitions is assumed

At the same time (B.3)

where - the characteristic of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the standard sample or in the certified mixture.

The same condition is used when used as a means of controlling solutions of standard samples or certified mixtures.

B.2.4 When exceeding the value of the accuracy wok, the definition is repeated. When re-exceeding the specified standard, the definition is suspended, find out the causes leading to unsatisfactory results, and eliminate them.

B.3 Algorithm for conducting internal operational control of convergence

B.3.1 Operational control of convergence is carried out if the technique provides parallel definitions.

B.3.2 Wok The convergence of the results of the analysis is carried out in the receipt of each result providing for parallel definitions.

B.3.3 Wok convergence is carried out by comparing the discrepancy of the results of parallel definitions obtained when analyzing the sample with the regulatory of the convergence in the certified technique.

The convergence of the results of parallel definitions is recognized as satisfactory if

(B.4)

where - the maximum result from n parallel definitions;

Minimum result from n parallel definitions;

The norm of the convergence in the method of analysis.

If there is no norm in the method of convergence in the method, then it is calculated by the formula

(B.5)

where when,;

() - The convergence indicator (characteristic of the component of the random component of the error corresponding to the content of the indicator in the sample).

B.3.4 If, the convergence of the results of parallel definitions is recognized as satisfactory, and the result of determining the content of the component in the working sample or during the control definition can be calculated.

B.3.5 If the standard is exceeded, the definition is repeated. When re-exceeding the specified standard, the definition is suspended, find out the causes leading to unsatisfactory results, and eliminate them.

B.4 Algorithm for conducting internal operational reproducibility control

B.4.1 Operational reproducibility control is carried out using a working sample, which is divided into two parts and issued to two analysts or the same analytics, but after a certain period of time during which the conditions for the definition remain stable and relevant conditions for the first control definition.

When determining the definition, the same analyst should remain unchanged the conditions for conducting the analysis and the composition of the controlled sample, which is issued necessarily "encrypted".

The results are recognized as satisfactory if the condition is satisfied

(B.6)

where is the standard of internal operational reproducibility control;

The result of the first quantitative determination of the indicator;

The result of the repeated quantitative determination of the indicator;

The result obtained during the control definition.

B.4.2 If the standard of internal operational control of reproducibility in the technique is absent, then it is calculated by the formula

or , (B.7)

where is the reproducibility indicator (the characteristic of the random component of the error corresponding to the content of the component in the sample):

(B.8)

where when,;

B.4.3 If the standard is exceeded, the definition of reproducibility is repeated. When re-exceeding the specified standard, the reasons resulting in unsatisfactory control results, and eliminate them.

Appendix B.

(Reference)

MUK 4.2.671-97 Methodical instructions. Control methods. Biological and microbiological factors. Methods of sanitary microbiological analysis of drinking water. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia. M., 1997.

ISO 8467-93 water quality. Determination of the permanganate index.

Instructions for the introduction of a new GOST 2761-84 "Sources of centralized economic and drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and rules of choice." Approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR. M., 1986.

RD 52.24.476-95 Methodical instructions. IR photometric determination of petroleum products in waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.488-95 Methodical instructions. The photometric determination of the total content of volatile phenols in water after distillation with steam. Approved by Roshydromet.

ISO 6439-90 water quality. Definition of a phenolic index with 4-amino-anti-epiRin. Spectrometric methods after distillation

RD 52.24.377-95 Methodical instructions. Atomic absorption determination of metals (Al, Ag, BE, CD, CO, CR, CU, FE, MN, MO, NI, PB, V, MN, MO, NI, PB, V, Zn) in the surface waters of sushi with direct electricallyermic sample atomization. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 11885-96 water quality. Determination of 33 elements of atomic emission spectrometry with inductive plasma

UMI-87 Unified methods of water quality research. Part 1, KN. 2, 3. Methods of chemical water analysis. SEV, M., 1987

ISO 9390-90 water quality. Defining borate. Spectrometric method using Azomethane-N

MUK 4.1.057-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.436-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric definition in cadmium waters with cadium. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 5961-94 water quality. Determination of cadmium atomic absorption spectrometry.

ISO 8288-86 water quality. Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Spectrometric method of atomic absorption in the flame.

RD 52.24.377-95 Methodical instructions. Atomic absorption determination of metals (Al, Ag, BE, CD, CR, CR, C, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in the surface waters of sushi with direct electricallyermic sample atomization. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 8288-86 water quality. Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Spectrometric method of atomic absorption in flame

MUK 4.1.063-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.371-95 Methodical instructions. Method of performing measurements of mass concentration of copper, lead and cadmium in the surface waters of sushi by an inversion voltammetric method. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.378-95 Methodical instructions. Inversion voltammetric definition of arsenic in waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 33-5.3.02-96 Water quality. Quantitative chemical analysis of water. Method for measuring the mass concentration of arsenic in natural and peeled wastewater titometric method with lead salt in the presence of dithiison

RD 20.1: 2: 3.19-95 Methods of performing measurements of beryllium, vanadium, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, arsenic, nickel, tin, lead, selenium, silver, antimony in drinking natural and wastewater

RD 52.24.494-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric definition of nickel with dimethyl glyoxime in sushi surface waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.380-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination in the waters of nitrates with the Grasse reagent after recovery in the cadmium gearbox. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 7890-1-86 water quality. Determination of nitrate content. Part 1. Spectrometric method using 2,6-dimethylphenol.

ISO 7890-2-86 water quality. Determination of nitrate content. Part 2. Spectrometric method using 4-fluorofenol after distillation.

ISO 7890-3-88 water quality. Determination of nitrate content. Part 3. Spectrometric method using sulfosalicylic acid

ISO 10304-1-92 water quality. Determination of dissolved fluoride, chloride, nitrite, orthophosphate, bromide, nitrate and sulfate by liquid ion chromatography. Part 1. Method for water with small degrees of pollution.

ISO 10304-2-95 water quality. Determination of dissolved bromide, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate and sulfate by liquid ion chromatography. Part 2. Method for polluted water

ISO 6777-84 water quality. Definition of nitrites. Molecular absorption spectrometric method

MUK 4.1.065-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

PND 14.1: 2: 4.41-95 Method for measuring the mass concentration of lead with a cryoluminescent method in the samples of natural, drinking and wastewater on the fluctuate analyzer "fluorate-02". Approved by the Ministry of Environment of Russia

MUK 4.1.067-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.377-95 Methodical instructions. Atomic absorption determination of metals (Al, Ag, BE, CD, CR, CR, C, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in the surface waters of sushi with direct electricallyermic sample atomization. Approved by Roshydromet.

ISO 9174-90 water quality. Determination of general chromium content. Spectrometric methods of atomic absorption

RD 52.24.446-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination in chromium waters (VI) with diphenylcarbazid. Approved Roshydromet

MUK 4.1.062-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.067-96 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

ISO 6703-1-84 water quality. Determination of cyanide content. Part 1. Determination of the total content of cyanides.

ISO 6703-2-84 water quality. Determination of cyanide content. Part 2. Determination of the content of easily allocated cyanides.

ISO 6703-3-84 water quality. Determination of cyanide content. Part 3. Determination of the content of chloride cyana

MUK 4.1.058-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.057-96 - MUK 4.1.081 -96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Measurement of mass concentration of substances with luminescent methods in environmental objects. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.373-95 Methodical instructions. The method of performing measurements of the mass concentration of zinc in the surface waters of sushi by an inversion voltammetric method. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.438-95 Methodical instructions. The method of performing measurements of the mass concentration of dicosex and 2,4-d in the surface waters of sushi by gas chromatographic method. Approved Roshydromet

MUK 4.1.646-96 Collection of Methodical Indications MUK 4.1.646-96 - MUK 4.1.660-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Methodical instructions for determining the concentrations of chemicals in water of centralized economic and drinking water supply. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.473-95 Methodical instructions. Gas chromatographic determination of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in waters. Approved by Roshydromet.

MUK 4.1.650-96 Collection of methodical instructions MUK 4.1.646-96 - MUK 4.1.660-96. Control methods. Chemical factors. Methodical instructions for determining the concentrations of chemicals in water of centralized economic and drinking water supply. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1996

RD 52.24.440-95 Methodical instructions. Determination of the total content of 4-7-nuclear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waters using thin-layer chromatography in combination with luminescence. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.482-95 Methodical instructions. Gas cohromatographic determination of volatile chlorine-made hydrocarbons in the waters. Approved Roshydromet

RD 52.24.492-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination in formaldehyde waters with acetylacetone. Approved Roshydromet

PND 14.1: 2: 4.120-96 Method of performing measurements of mass concentration of formaldehyde fluorimetric method in samples of natural, drinking and wastewater on the fluid analyzer "Fluorate-02". Approved by the Ministry of Environment of Russia

RD 52.24.432-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination of silicon in the form of a blue (reduced) form of molymbroid acid in the surface waters of sushi. Approved by Roshydromet.

RD 52.24.433-95 Methodical instructions. Photometric determination of silicon in the form of a yellow form of molymbroid acid in the surface waters of sushi. Approved Roshydromet

ISO 7027-90 water quality. Definition of turbidity

ISO 9696-92 water quality. Measurement of "big alpha" -activity in non-mineralized water. Method using a concentrated source

ISO 9697-92 water quality. Measurement of "big beta" -activity in non-mineralized water

Keywords: drinking water, determination methods, production control, drinking water quality

 

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