Enterprises of the defense complex of the Russian Federation. Military-industrial complex of Russia: branches, enterprises, problems. Structure and development of the military-industrial complex in Russia. By what principle are military-industrial complex enterprises located?

Russia's military potential is initially perceived as quite impressive. At the same time, not every citizen of the Russian Federation can clearly imagine the structure of the defense sphere of his country. Moreover, this information was not always available. Therefore, there is every reason to pay attention to the structure of the military-industrial complex.

Military-industrial complex of Russia

Concerning this topic, it is initially worth noting that the military-industrial complex can be safely attributed to an industry that has had a more than tangible impact on the development of the economy over the many years of the existence of the Russian Federation.

And although some time ago such a thing as military industrial complex Russia was somewhat blurry, in the middle of the 2000s progress in this area became obvious. If we talk about the situation that has developed at the moment, then it is worth voicing the fact that the military-industrial complex has many progressive industries:

Aviation industry;

Nuclear;

Rocket and space;

Release of ammunition and ammunition;

Military shipbuilding, etc.

The following enterprises can be identified as the main players that deserve attention within the framework of the military-industrial complex:

- Russian Technologies;

- "Rosoboronexport";

OJSC Air Defense Concern Almaz-Antey, etc.

What does the structure of the military industry look like?

Within the framework of this topic, it is necessary to initially highlight the following information: during the active 90s, the wave of privatization did not bypass the enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Russia. Therefore, if we now analyze the ownership structure of the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, we can easily notice that most of it is made up of joint-stock companies. More specifically, there are 57% of such joint-stock companies in the entire military-industrial complex. At the same time, the share of the state is absent in 28.2% of such enterprises.

You can refer to other data provided by the Accounts Chamber. According to this information, approximately 230 enterprises operate within the aviation industry. But only 7 of them belong to the state (we are talking about a controlling stake).

One of the key features of Russian enterprises is their jurisdiction in various forms federal organizations. At the moment, the structure of the military-industrial complex of Russia includes 5 state agencies that oversee the defense industry and are located in:

RASU. Operates in the field of communications and radio industry.

- "Rossudostroenie". Responsible for supervising shipbuilding production.

RAKA. Controls processes within the rocket and space and aviation industries.

RAV. In this case, we are talking about the armaments industry.

- "Rosammunition". This agency specializes in working with the special chemicals and ammunition industry.

Key elements of the military-industrial complex

If we consider the features of the military-industrial complex of Russia, then we cannot ignore the types of organizations that are part of it:

Design bureaus that are focused on working with prototypes (prototypes) of weapons.

Organizations of a research profile. Their main task is theoretical developments.

Manufacturing enterprises. In this case, the resources are used for the mass production of weapons.

Polygons, as well as testing laboratories. Here it makes sense to talk about several important tasks. This is the so-called fine-tuning of prototypes in real-life conditions, as well as testing weapons that have just rolled off the production line.

In order to draw a complete picture of the functioning of the military-industrial complex and identify all the facets that the military-industrial complex of Russia has, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that enterprises that are part of the defense sector also produce products for civilian purposes.

Now it is worth taking a closer look at the military-industrial complex sectors

Nuclear weapons complex

It is difficult to imagine the development of the military-industrial without this direction. It includes several strategically important areas of production.

First of all, this is the subsequent production of a concentrate from this raw material. The next important step is the separation of uranium isotopes (the enrichment process). This task is performed at enterprises located in cities such as Angarsk, Novouralsk, Zelenogorsk and Seversk.

In fairness, it should be noted that 45% of all capacities that are concentrated in Russia are located in Russia. At the same time, it is important to pay attention to the fact that the production of nuclear weapons is declining and the industries described above focus on Western customers.

Another task of this complex of the military-industrial complex is both the development and the allocation of its reserves concentrated in the Russian Federation, which will last for many more years.

Enterprises operating within the framework of the nuclear weapons complex are also engaged in the manufacture of fuel elements that are necessary for the operation of nuclear reactors, assembly of nuclear weapons and disposal of radioactive waste.

Rocket and space industry

It can rightly be called one of the most knowledge-intensive. What is one ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) worth, for the full operation of which approximately 300 thousand different systems, devices and parts are needed. And if we talk about a large space complex, then this figure increases to 10 million.

It is for this reason that most of the scientists, engineers and designers are concentrated in this industry.

Aviation industry

Studying the military-industrial complex of Russia, the branches and directions of this sphere, aviation must be paid attention in any case. Here it is relevant to talk about large industrial centers, since parent enterprises are needed to assemble products. Others simply do not have the necessary technical base to organize the processes required for fast and high-quality production.

At the same time, two key conditions must always be observed: the availability of qualified specialists and well-organized transport links. The military-industrial complex of Russia and specifically the aviation sector are in a state of continuous development, which allows the Russian Federation to act as major exporter weapons, including aviation.

Artillery and small arms

It is also an important industry. The military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation can hardly be imagined without the famous Kalashnikov assault rifle. This is the most mass view small arms, which is currently produced in Russia.

Moreover, outside the CIS, it was adopted by 55 states. As for artillery systems, their production centers are located in cities such as Perm, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod.

armored industry

If you pay attention to the centers of the military-industrial complex of Russia, then after a simple analytics it will be possible to draw an obvious conclusion: this direction defense industry can be defined as one of the most developed.

The tanks themselves are produced directly in Omsk and Nizhny Tagil. The factories located in Chelyabinsk and St. Petersburg are at the stage of conversion. As for armored personnel carriers, enterprises in Kurgan and Arzamas are engaged in their production.

Military shipbuilding

Without it, Russia's military-industrial complex cannot be considered complete.

At the same time, the largest production center within this direction is St. Petersburg. Within this city there are up to 40 enterprises related to shipbuilding.

Regarding the topic of nuclear submarines, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that at the moment their production is carried out only in Severodvinsk.

What you need to know about the conversion of the military-industrial complex

In this case, we are talking about changing the military industry, and more specifically, about its transition to the civilian market. The explanation for such a strategy is very simple: the production facilities that exist at the moment are capable of producing significantly more military products than actual demand requires. That is, neither Russia itself nor its current and potential clients need so much.

With such a prospect, one obvious maneuver remains: to reorient some of the military enterprises to the production of products that are relevant in the civilian sector. Thus, jobs will be preserved, factories will continue their stable operation, and the state will make a profit. Complete harmony.

The use of the military, so to speak, for peaceful purposes is also promising for the reason that at such enterprises there is a significant concentration of advanced technologies and specialists with a high level of qualification.

Using such a strategy, it is possible to solve at least some of the problems of the Russian military-industrial complex. At the same time, a stable production of the most relevant equipment for the army is maintained.

Obvious difficulties

Against the background of the above information, it is easy to conclude that the same conversion is not an easy task. In fact, it can be attributed to one of the most difficult tasks facing the military-industrial complex. There are no simple solutions here by definition. In order to see any progress in this area, you need to constantly make significant efforts.

Another problem that has to be faced is the uncertainty about the future financing of military-industrial complex enterprises. The military-industrial complex of Russia can receive funds from the state only for those enterprises that are part of any federal program or are among the state-owned production facilities.

As for foreign investments, there are no reasons to boldly count on them yet. At the same time, plants with production lines, which are already outdated or are not capable of producing a wide range of competitive products and military in particular.

If we try to assess the economic state of defense enterprises as a whole, we can conclude that it is very heterogeneous. The bottom line is that there are factories whose products have a certain demand. At the same time, there are those enterprises that are in a state of deep production crisis, regardless of whether they belong to the state or not.

Nevertheless, one must be aware that the government fixes the state of some components of the military-industrial complex. This confirms the fact that the Coordinating Council approved the main directions of development and stabilization of the situation.

In addition, Russia is actively combining the fundamental and applied scientific areas within the framework of the activities of military enterprises, which significantly increases the chances of the military-industrial complex to successful development and full functioning. Competently organized efforts are also being made to maximize the compliance of products that come off the assembly line of military-industrial complex enterprises with the investment expectations of the Russian and foreign markets.

Results

Obviously, with all the difficult situation that has developed around the military-industrial complex, there are definitely chances for a bright future and a progressive present. The government is constantly working to make the necessary changes that will allow defense enterprises to operate as efficiently as possible.

Defense production

Defense production- the area of ​​production (industry) of the state, which is a combination of research, testing institutions, organizations and manufacturing enterprises that carry out the development, testing, production and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment and other property for the armed forces (power structures) of the state. Some authors narrow the concept defense production showing it as the most important, but not the only, component of the military-industrial complex.

Compound

  • weapons development and military equipment;
  • production of weapons and military equipment;
  • testing of weapons and military equipment;
  • repair of weapons and military equipment;
  • maintenance of weapons and military equipment;

Industries

Defense industries:

  1. Production of nuclear weapons;
  2. Rocket and space industry;
  3. Military shipbuilding;
  4. armored industry;
  5. Manufacture of small arms and ammunition;
  6. Production of artillery weapons;

Russia

In the 1990s, many enterprises of the state, in accordance with the Federal Law, dated April 13, 1998, No. 60-FZ, "On the conversion of the defense industry into Russian Federation", were refocused on the release civilian products, including equipment for oil and gas companies.

USA

Defense production facilities

The objects of defense production are:

  1. All enterprises producing systems and elements of weapons, explosives and toxic substances, fissile and radioactive materials, rocket launchers, space and aircrafts, military equipment, enterprises and facilities providing maintenance, launching and tracking of spacecraft, carrying out research and development work in these areas - regardless of the share of military orders;
  2. Protected working premises of spare control points of all bodies state power Russian Federation, as well as communication and engineering infrastructure facilities intended for use during a special period.

Impact on the economy of individual regions

The share of defense production in the structure of the economy of the Nizhny Novgorod region is extremely high and, according to various estimates, is 30-40% (due to well-known difficulties, a more accurate assessment is impossible, but these data are enough to classify the Nizhny Novgorod economy as one of the most militarized regional economies of the country). It should be pointed out that the existence of a developed military production determines the nature of not only the regional economy itself, but also practically all other spheres of life: science, education, construction, social security, and all infrastructure elements. Defense production is, as a rule, the most knowledge-intensive and high-tech, concentrates the most qualified personnel and, in addition, bears a large social burden.

see also

Notes

Literature

  • Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE), Third Edition, "Soviet Encyclopedia" 1969-1978 in 30 volumes;
  • Soviet military encyclopedia. - M .: Military publishing house, 1976-1980. - (in 8 tons). - 105,000 copies.
  • Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (VES), M ., Military Publishing House, 1984, 863 pages with illustrations (ill.), 30 sheets (ill.);
  • "Military Encyclopedic Dictionary" (VES), M., Military Publishing House, 2007;
  • Grigoriev M.N., E.Yu. Krasnova; Marketing of military products: textbook / Publishing house Info-da, - St. Petersburg, 2011. - P. 435 - ISBN 978-5-94652-344-8

Links

  • The text of the Constitution of Russia on the official website of the President of Russia
  • Federal Law, April 13, 1998, No. 60-FZ, "On the Conversion of the Defense Industry in the Russian Federation"
  • Information agency TS VPK - monitoring the current state and analysis of the prospects for the development of the military-industrial complex of Russia
  • Military-industrial complex news - daily reviews of news of the military-industrial complex of Russia and other countries of the world
  • Breakthrough on the world arms market, "Russia in Global Affairs". No. 2, March - April 2008
  • Marriage and divorce contract Novaya Gazeta, 02/27/2008 - 8 biggest failures of the military-industrial complex
Warfare
Questions
The science
Art
Military establishment
Security

Operational (Combat) Rear (Material Transport Technical Medical Veterinary Commercial and household Apartment-operational Engineering and aerodrome Aerodrome technical emergency rescue)
Hostilities
(Fighting)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Defence Production" is in other dictionaries:

    Main article: Economy The world's top seven military budgets in 2011. The main source of the SIPRI Yearbook 2012 ... Wikipedia

    Not to be confused with the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, a manufacturer of Kalashnikov assault rifles and Saiga carbines. FSUE "Izhevsk Mechanical Plant" ... Wikipedia

    "VPK" redirects here; see also other meanings. The military industrial complex (MIC) is a set of research, testing organizations and manufacturing enterprises that carry out development, production, ... ... Wikipedia

    This term has other meanings, see Warfare (meanings). Sun Tzu's treatise, "... Wikipedia

    It should not be confused with the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, a manufacturer of Makarov and Yarygin pistols, as well as IZH hunting rifles. The request "Izhevsk Arms Plant" is redirected here. A separate article is needed on this topic ... Wikipedia

    A country's economy- (National economy) The country's economy is public relations to ensure the country's wealth and the well-being of its citizens The role of the national economy in the life of the state, the essence, functions, sectors and indicators of the country's economy, the structure of countries ... ... Encyclopedia of the investor

    Federal State Enterprise "Kazan State State Gunpowder Plant" Type Federal k ... Wikipedia

    US HOUSE BANKING COMMITTEE- BANKING COMMITTEE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For over a century, the House of Representatives Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs of the U.S. House of Representatives has been responsible… … Encyclopedia of Banking and Finance

    This term has other meanings, see Tomsk (meanings). City of Tomsk Flag Coat of arms ... Wikipedia

    Su 27 fighter in front of the plant of the Ufa Engine-Building Production Association Defense Industrial Complex of Russia (Military Industrial Complex, military-industrial complex, defense industrial complex ... Wikipedia

Books

  • High pressures in chemistry, I.P. Bogdanov. The use of high pressures in chemistry is the main theme of the book. To clarify this, given short description the main issues that chemistry deals with, the reasons that made chemists ...

The Stockholm Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) published a report on the situation in the production and sale of weapons in the world. Eleven Russian companies were included in the list of 100 leading world arms manufacturers for 2014.

"RTI Systems"

Place in the ranking: 91

Arms sales, 2014: $840 million

JSC "Concern "RTI Systems" is a Russian machine-building company. It carries out scientific, technical and production activities in industries such as radio engineering and rocket technology, integrated communication and security systems, drive technology.

Created in 2000 financial corporation"System" on the basis of two leading Russian radio engineering institutes - RTI and NIIDAR - with the aim of "building a business out of the institute." The company's headquarters is located in Moscow.

The enterprises of the concern produce radio engineering products, aerospace and ground control and communication systems, engines, low-voltage equipment, etc.

Activities include the creation information media rocket and space defense organization technical operation missile attack warning systems, space control, anti-missile defense, mechatronics.

Among the products manufactured by the companies of the concern are unmanned aerial vehicles: "Kaira", "Avius-1", "Vyakhir", "Forpost", based on the Diamond DA42 aircraft, terahertz radio-photon radars, etc.

"Uralvagonzavod"

Place in the ranking: 61

Arms sales, 2014:$1,450 million

JSC Research and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky is a Russian corporation engaged in the development and production of military equipment, road-building machines, railway cars. The corporation includes research institutes, design bureaus and manufacturing enterprises.

The parent company is the Uralvagonzavod plant located in Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region.

Today, one of the largest research and production complexes in Russia includes metallurgical, car assembly, mechanical assembly, mechanical repair, tool and other industries that allow for a closed production cycle.

Four design bureaus, including the head office in the freight car building industry, and two institutes enable the corporation to develop modern technologies, successfully develop and introduce new models of transport and special equipment into mass production.

The general partners of Uralvagonzavod are the largest domestic transportation companies, as well as the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and OJSC Rosobornexport.

JSC Concern Radioelectronic Technologies


Place in the ranking: 45

Arms sales, 2014.: $2,240 million

JSC "Concern Radioelectronic Technologies" (KRET) is part of the State Corporation "Russian Technologies" (Rostec).

Today, KRET unites 97 enterprises engaged in the development and production of radio-electronic products for military and civilian purposes.

The Concern's enterprises are located throughout Russia, from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok, and the total number of their employees is about 50 thousand people.

Currently, KRET produces a wide range of products that can be divided into the following segments: systems and complexes of on-board radio-electronic equipment (avionics); facilities electronic warfare and intelligence (EW); radar stations (RLS); systems and means of state identification (GO); measuring equipment for various purposes (IA); connectors, electrical connectors and cable products (SC).

NPO "High Precision Complexes"


Place in the ranking: 39

Arms sales, 2014.: $2,350 million

The holding JSC "NPO "High Precision Complexes" was established in 2009 with the aim of consolidating the scientific and technical potential of a group of specialized enterprises in order to create, on the basis of innovation and technological modernization the existing production base, advanced weapons, military and special equipment (AMSE) in the field of high-precision systems and weapon complexes of the tactical combat zone. It is part of the Rostec State Corporation.

The holding JSC NPO High-Precision Complexes includes 19 enterprises, the number of employees is more than 45 thousand people.

The main field of activity of enterprises is the development, production, modernization, repair and sale of weapons, military and special equipment in several areas:

. operational-tactical missile systems, anti-aircraft missile systems, including man-portable, short-range and short-range rocket-gun and rocket-artillery systems for ground forces, Air Force and Navy ("Iskander-M", "Pantsir S-1", "Igla-S");

. anti-tank missile systems and assault weapons systems ("Kornet", "Chrysanthemum", "Competition", etc.);

. guided artillery weapon systems ("Krasnopol", "Kitolov");

. armament systems for armored vehicles, fighting compartments for lightly armored vehicles ("Berezhok", "Bakhcha", active protection systems "Arena", "Drozd");

. information support equipment and other types of weapons and military equipment.

United Engine Corporation


Place in the ranking: 38

Arms sales, 2014.: $2,600 million

JSC "United Engine Corporation" is an integrated structure that produces engines for military and civil aviation, space programs, gas turbine units of various capacities for the production of electrical and thermal energy, gas compressor and ship gas turbine units.

United Engine Corporation is subsidiary United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom", part of the state corporation "Rostec".

JSC "United Engine Corporation" carries out the development, production and after-sales service of a wide range of gas turbine engines.

The corporation's activities are currently focused on the following key business areas: military aviation engines, ground-based engines, helicopter engines, civil aviation engines, rocket engines, short-life gas turbine engines, marine gas turbine engines.

JSC "Corporation "Tactical Missiles"


Place in the ranking: 34

Arms sales, 2014: $2,810 million

JSC "Corporation" Tactical missile armament"(KTRV) - Russian company, one of the largest arms manufacturers. The company's headquarters is located in the city of Korolev (Moscow region).

The strategic goal of creating the association was to preserve and develop the scientific and production potential of rocket science, ensure the defense capability of the state, mobilize resources for the creation of highly effective guided missiles and air, ground, sea-based weapon systems, and strengthen Russia's position in the world arms market.

The corporation is a recognized leader in the development and production of high-precision weapons, uniting 32 enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex.

Priority activities of the Corporation "Tactical Missiles":

- development, production, modernization of hypersonic weapon systems, complexes of strategic and tactical aviation high-precision weapons of the air-to-surface, air-to-air class and unified systems of naval weapons, domestic rocket and space technology and electronic weapons, as well as products created on the basis of dual-use technologies in the fields of aerospace, information technologies and renewable energy;

- repair, service maintenance previously manufactured products;

- ensuring licensed production of military products supplied for export.

United Instrument Corporation


Place in the ranking: 24

Arms sales, 2014: $3,640 million

"United Instrument-Making Corporation" is a Russian state corporation, established in March 2014 as part of the State Corporation "Rostec" as a specialized Management Company, under whose auspices scientific and production structures radio-electronic industry of Russia.

Today, the control loop of the defense industry includes more than 60 enterprises and scientific organizations radio electronic industry.

Among the main projects that the defense industry is currently conducting is the creation of 6th generation army communications and modern airborne communications systems for aviation, in particular, for the T50 fighter.

Creation of modern radar systems for reconnaissance and monitoring for various purposes, including radar systems for A-50U and A-100 aircraft.

Development and implementation of new technologies in the production of systems and means of communication, telecommunications equipment, computer technology.

One of the most significant projects of the defense industry is the organization of serial production of high-density electronics of a new generation - compact 3D microsystems.

"Russian Helicopters"


Place in the ranking: 23

Arms sales, 2014.: $3,890 million

JSC "Helicopters of Russia" is a Russian helicopter-building holding uniting all helicopter-building enterprises of the country. JSC "Helicopters of Russia" is a subsidiary of JSC OPK "Oboronprom", which is part of the state corporation "Rostec".

The geography of Russian Helicopters covers the entire country.

The holding includes design bureaus, helicopter plants, enterprises for the production, maintenance and repair of components, aircraft repair plants, as well as service companies providing after-sales support for equipment in Russia and abroad.

The head office of Russian Helicopters is located in Moscow.

Russian Helicopters holding company was founded in 2007, but key enterprises have over 70 years of history.

As of 2014, the enterprises of Russian Helicopters produced 24% of the world fleet of military helicopters, while the holding's products account for 35% of the world fleet of combat and 50% of medium military transport helicopters.

In the world fleet of civil helicopters, the products of the Russian Helicopters holding account for a record 71% among heavy helicopters (with a maximum take-off weight of more than 20 tons) and 69% in the class of medium helicopters (with a take-off weight of 7 to 20 tons).

United Shipbuilding Corporation


Place in the ranking: 15

Arms sales, 2014: $5,980 million

The United Shipbuilding Corporation is 80% of all shipbuilding projects in Russia. USC unites the best shipbuilding, ship repair enterprises and design bureaus.

In military shipbuilding - meeting the needs of the Russian Navy, designing and building a fleet of the 21st century. A significant share of USC military products is exported.

In civil shipbuilding - drilling and production platforms, offshore equipment, specialized ice-class vessels for the development of the Arctic, vessels for work on inland waterways.

USC design bureaus have rich experience in innovative developments in the field of shipbuilding and the production of marine equipment. Dozens of unique innovative projects that have no analogues in the world, and hundreds of ships already tested in a series of ship projects are at the service of customers.

United Aircraft Corporation


Place in the ranking: 14

Arms sales, 2014: $6,110 million

PJSC United Aircraft Corporation is a Russian public joint-stock company, uniting the largest aircraft manufacturing enterprises in Russia.

To date, UAC includes about 30 enterprises and is one of the largest players in the global aircraft manufacturing market. The companies included in the structure of the Corporation have the rights to such world-famous brands as "Su", "MiG", "Il", "Tu", "Yak", "Beriev" as well as new ones - SSJ, MS-21.

The priority areas of the Corporation's activities are the development, production, testing and maintenance of operation, warranty and service maintenance of civil and military aviation equipment.

In the field of work of UAC companies - modernization, repair and disposal aircraft, training and advanced training of flight personnel.

To date, the largest specific gravity in the structure of production, military products are occupied, both for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and for foreign customers. At the same time, since 2013, the main share of the supply of military equipment falls on the domestic market.

"Almaz-Antey"


Place in the ranking: 11

Arms sales, 2014: $8,840 million

JSC Concern VKO Almaz-Antey is a Russian concern that unites enterprises that develop and manufacture weapons.

The enterprises assembled in the concern develop, produce and modernize anti-aircraft missile and radar equipment and its components (the main area of ​​​​activity of the concern is air defense).

In addition, the tasks of the concern include the implementation, maintenance of operation, repair and disposal for federal state needs and foreign customers of systems, complexes and means of air defense and non-strategic missile defense.

DEFENSE-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA IN MODERN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Kazakov Pavel Ivanovich

undergraduate, department economic theory, Moscow State University means of communication, Moscow

Zolotareva Vera Petrovna

scientific supervisor, Ph.D. economy Sci., Associate Professor, Department of Economic Theory, Moscow State Transport University

Moscow city

The military-industrial complex (hereinafter - the defense industry) occupies a special place and plays a significant role in the development of the economy and ensuring national security country, which consists in protecting its independence, state and territorial integrity.

The main task of the functioning of the defense industry is defined as the creation and production of modern competitive weapons, military and special equipment (hereinafter referred to as AME), ensuring the rearmament of the Armed Forces, other troops and formations of Russia and strengthening positions in the global arms market.

Most of the advanced technologies for military and civilian purposes are concentrated in the defense industry, highly qualified personnel of the domestic scientific and industrial sphere are concentrated. The total number of employees employed in defense industry organizations is about 2 million people, including about 1.3 million people directly employed in the defense industries. The share of employees under the age of 35 in 2011 was about 27% of total strength defense industry workers. The average age of defense industry workers was 46 years. The age composition of employees of defense industry enterprises is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Age composition of employees of defense industry enterprises (%)

Organizations of the defense industrial complex retain a significant scientific and technical reserve, which makes it possible to make a technological breakthrough in a number of areas (nuclear, laser, aviation, space technologies, special materials and alloys, etc.). Critical directions in the development of the technological base of the defense industry not only coincide, but often form the key directions of scientific and technological progress as a whole.

In accordance with the current edition of the consolidated register of defense industry organizations, approved by order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia dated February 05, 2013 No. 137, 1340 organizations are classified as defense industry. The departmental and sectoral structure of the consolidated register of defense industry organizations is shown in Figures 2 and 3.

An important part of the program for the development of defense industry enterprises at the moment is the technical re-equipment of production and the contribution of funds to the development innovative technologies, without which in the near future it will be impossible to produce a new generation of products that are comparable or superior in their performance characteristics products of competing countries in the arms market, which are currently the United States, France, England, Germany and Israel.

Figure 2. Departmental structure of defense industry enterprises (pcs.)

Figure 3. Sectoral structure of defense industry enterprises (%)

The main component financial well-being enterprises determine the funds allocated within the framework of the state defense order (hereinafter referred to as the GOZ), the unconditional fulfillment of which is the main task facing the defense industrial enterprises Russian Federation. Currently, about 45% of the volume of industrial products of the defense industry are military products, which are supplied for internal needs to state customers at regulated prices, about 22% are supplied through military-technical cooperation (hereinafter referred to as MTC), about 33% are civilian products in in the interests of such important sectors of the economy as transport, communications and telecommunications, the fuel and energy sector, healthcare, etc.

A large contribution to the formation of the budget of defense organizations is made by the export of machine and technical products, primarily through the military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states. The defense complex is one of the largest and most stable sources of foreign exchange financial resources through the export of weapons and military equipment. The main deliveries of defense industry products fall on the countries of Eastern Europe, North Africa and China. India retains the status of one of Russia's key partners in the field of military-technical cooperation. Recent confirmation of this is the signing of military contracts between Russia and India worth almost $3 billion.

In the world arms market, Russia occupies a leading position. In 2012, Russian arms exports amounted to a record $14 billion, and the amount of new contracts for the supply of military equipment to third countries today already exceeds $15 billion.

Many Russian defense enterprises, as part of the conversion of the 1990s, reoriented part of their production to the production of peaceful consumer goods. The profit received from the sale of civilian products, as a rule, is invested in the development of the enterprise, the improvement of the material and technical part, the preparation of production, the modernization of equipment, the purchase of new high-tech equipment, and the financing of the development of new types of civilian products. For instance, output and provision of civilian and dual-use services JSC "VPK "NPO Mashinostroeniya" in 2011 amounted to 15.1% of the total volume of production in the Corporation. According to the program of innovative development for the period up to 2015, the volume of output of civilian and dual-use products and services should increase by another 1.5 times.

Level state support The defense industry indicates that the portfolio of orders in the field of development and production of weapons and military equipment will increase. In the coming years, Russian military enterprises will receive up to 3 trillion. rubles for modernization and technical re-equipment. This is the amount laid down in the Federal target program development of the military-industrial complex for 2011-2020 (FTP-2020).

The main objective of the program is to ensure the production of high-tech military products that are competitive in terms of their combat and operational characteristics. At the same time, in 2011, Russia adopted an unprecedented in terms of funding (approximately 20 trillion rubles) and the nature of the tasks Government program armaments until 2020 (GPV-2020). The largest in history modern Russia the state program in the field of the defense industry is designed to equip the Russian army modern means conduct of hostilities and, ultimately, bring it to a new look, fully consistent with global trends in the development of means of armed struggle.

Summing up, we can conclude that the situation at the enterprises of the domestic defense industry is gradually improving. The industry has come out of a protracted crisis, new types of weapons are being developed and launched into a series, the export of Russian military equipment is growing. The state fully fulfills its obligations to defense enterprises, the financing of which is carried out to the full extent of the funds allocated in the federal budget. As part of the program for the accelerated development of the defense industry, a large-scale reconstruction of fixed assets and modernization of the production and technological base are being carried out.

Growth in the volume of purchases of armaments and military equipment, in accordance with SAP-2020, improvement of the placement of the State Defense Order and pricing for military products, the implementation of the FTP-2020 measures in full, the implementation of innovative development programs for defense industry companies and the product policy for the production of competitive civilian equipment, as well as the implementation of measures on professional training and retention of personnel in the military-industrial complex make it possible to predict sustainable development rates of the defense complex of the Russian Federation in the future.

Bibliography:

1.Annual report OJSC VPK NPO Mashinostroeniya for 2012. -[ Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.npomash.ru/download/godotchet2012.pdf. (date of access: 25.09.13).

2. Dovguchits S.I. On the development of the situation in the defense industry in 2011, the main activities and tasks for the near future // Collection. Defense complex of the Russian Federation: state and development prospects. pp. 213-224.

3. Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.minpromtorg.gov.ru/docs/mpt/orders/647. (date of treatment 25.09.13).

December 20, 2019 , The results of the bank's work in 2019 and plans for the next year were discussed.

November 18, 2019 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order To the staff of the Vympel State Machine-Building Design Bureau named after I.I. Toropov The design bureau is celebrating its 70th anniversary.

February 27, 2019 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order During the trip, the Deputy Prime Minister visited a number of enterprises and held a series of meetings on the diversification of shipbuilding and aircraft manufacturing, as well as on the implementation of individual investment projects.

February 13, 2019 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order The Deputy Prime Minister visited the Era Military Innovative Technopolis in Anapa, where he inspected the constructed laboratories, talked with the operators of scientific companies and held a meeting on organizing interaction between universities and defense industry enterprises with the Russian Ministry of Defense in carrying out research and development on the basis of the Era HIT.

February 12, 2019 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order To the team of JSC NPO High Precision Complexes February 12, 2019 marks the 10th anniversary of the formation of JSC NPO High Precision Complexes.

February 1, 2019 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order Yuri Borisov met with scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences Issues of conducting scientific research in the interests of the country's defense and ensuring the security of the state were discussed.

January 22, 2019 , Defense-industrial complex. State defense order The results of the bank's work last year and plans for the next period were discussed.

December 28, 2018 , Defense industrial complex. State defense order The President of Russia signed the federal law developed by the Government on improving procurement planning for the state defense order Federal Law of December 27, 2018 No. 571-FZ. The draft federal law was submitted to the State Duma by Government Decree No. 1393-r dated July 7, 2018. federal law it is established that purchases under the state defense order in terms of orders for the creation, modernization, supply, repair, maintenance and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment are not taken into account when forming, approving and maintaining plans and schedules of purchases provided for by legislation on contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs.

October 13, 2018 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order On the submission to the State Duma of a draft law on administrative responsibility for violations of the execution of state contracts in the field of state defense orders Order dated October 13, 2018 No. 2201-r. The purpose of the bill is to strengthen control over the implementation of state contracts in the field of state defense orders, increase performance discipline, preventing violations in its implementation.

October 7, 2018 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order The Deputy Prime Minister told the winners of the Leaders of Russia competition about the structure of the Russian defense industry, its state of the art, main problems and development prospects.

August 21, 2018 , Defense Industrial Complex. State defense order The forum is held for the fourth time. This year, more than 1.2 thousand Russian and foreign participants presented about 18 thousand samples of their products.

1

 

It might be useful to read: