Dutch company royal dutch. Royal Dutch Shell, or the story of oil and shells. Shell in the world

The history of Shell began in 1833, when an English merchant, Marcus Samuel, opened a small shop in London selling various trinkets decorated with seashells (shell in English means shell) and other exotic oriental products. Shell was the name of Samuel's father's store in London. The venture turned out to be profitable, and Samuel arranged the delivery of seafood from Of the Far East by means of his small coastal fleet. The ships en route from the metropolis to the colonies carried various cargoes on board, including oil products. Samuel, being a talented businessman, saw a great future in the oil business during the period of its practical birth. After his death, in 1870, the business passed to his sons, who in 1878 founded their own company.

The circle of activities of the Samuel brothers expanded rapidly, especially after Markus Samuel Jr. visited Batumi in 1890, from where Baku oil was exported. He decided to take on the transportation of oil around the world using tankers.

The world's first oil tanker was built in Russia at the Baku shipyards and was called "Zoroaster", in memory of the Zoroastrians - fire worshipers, the ancestors of modern Armenians. Samuel was shocked when he saw the Russian tanker.

Having turned out to be a very quick-witted entrepreneur, already in 1892 he managed to build his first tanker called "Murex" with a displacement of 5 thousand tons at one of the British shipyards. In commemoration of this event, the lead tanker of Shell's oil fleet is now called "Murex". Key point is that the design of the tanker invented by Marcus Samuel excluded the threat of spontaneous combustion of oil products. In addition, "Murex" was registered by the "Lloyd" agency and met the stringent requirements of sea transportation through the Suez Canal (which no oil company previously could achieve), through which it was planned to transport oil and other oil products. The Murex made its first voyage in August 1892 with a cargo of 4 thousand tons of Russian kerosene on the Batumi-Singapore-Bangkok route.

That is why the first "branded" product supplied by Shell to Far Eastern consumers in early 1893 was Russian kerosene.

Oil transportation also gave rise to new problems - in the ports of the Far East, the enterprising Samuel built large tanks for storing oil. And also factories for the production of packaging, which local residents used for a variety of purposes, including for the manufacture of roofs.

By the late 90s of the last century, Samuel's oil business had grown so much that he founded a separate company in 1897 called Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd. But the creation of a world-class oil corporation was still a long way off. Marcus Samuel still had a powerful enemy in the face of the American monopoly Standard Oil. The need to resist American expansion became the basis for the rapprochement between Shell and Royal Dutch, which Samuel once viewed as nothing less than a dangerous competitor. Royal Dutch Petroleum was founded in 1890 under the auspices of the King of the Netherlands, who developed a rich deposit on the island of Sumatra and fiercely competed with Shell for markets. However, history was pleased to dispose of the fate of these two companies in its own way.

In 1902, after lengthy negotiations, Shell and Royal Dutch created the Asiatic Petroleum concern, the goal of which was to expand the trade in oil and petroleum products, including Russian production, in the Far East region. In 1907, the capital and interests of Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport & Trading K. were finally merged, which served as the foundation of the corporation known throughout the world today as Royal Dutch / Shell. In 1900, Henry Detering (1866-1939), who was later called the "oil Napoleon", became the managing director of this company, and then the chairman of the board of directors. Detering was a supporter of the Shell partnership. On his initiative in 1907, the capital of Royal Dutch and Shell merged, new company with two head offices in London and The Hague.

In the combined concern, 60% of the shares belonged to Royal Dutch and 40% to Shell. This ratio has been preserved to this day.

A period of growth soon began. The scope of the concern was constantly expanding, new deposits of crude oil were developed, scattered practically all over the world. Powerful refineries were controlled by the center in order to more prompt demand for petroleum products. The rights to oil production were acquired in Romania (1906), Russia (1910), Egypt (1913), Venezuela (1913) and some other countries and regions.

In 1912, the concern entered the US domestic market, starting the development of oil fields and the construction of oil pipelines. In connection with the development of sea and road transport, Shell relied on the production of fuel oil and gasoline and was not mistaken, which brought him enormous profits.

In 1919, British pilots John Alcock and Arthur Whitten-Brown made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in an airplane fueled with Shell fuel.

The First World War somewhat slowed down the company's rapid ascent to the oil Olympus, but after its end, active growth again. Companies are established in the USA, the Middle East, Malaysia, East and South Africa. At the beginning of the 30s, Shell takes the first steps in the development of production chemical products based on oil. By the end of the 1930s, Shell was producing about 600,000 barrels of crude oil per day, which was more than 10% of world production.

The years of World War II were not easy for Shell. The Netherlands was occupied by Germany. Romania and the Far East were also out of reach for the company.

Shell has actively worked with allied governments to ensure uninterrupted supplies of aviation and motor gasoline, as well as fuel oil to all military fronts.

The chemical company Shell Chemical Corporation has established butadiene production for the manufacture of synthetic rubber. During the war, all of the company's tankers came under the command of the government, as a result, in 1945, Shell was missing 87 of its ships.

After the end of the war, the concern set about restoring the destroyed enterprises and coped with this task quite quickly. The build-up of processing capacities began. The production of petroleum products has increased in almost all regions, especially in Venezuela.

Early 50s world economy felt the need for new sources of crude oil. The concern launched prospecting and exploration work in Algeria, Trinidad, offshore British Borneo. Fields were discovered in the Netherlands (Schunebeck), Canada, Colombia, Iraq. The increased volumes of oil production, naturally, entailed the construction of new oil refineries, the largest of which were erected in the Dutch port of Pernis, the French city of Rouen, Cardone (Venezuela), Geelong (Australia), Bombay.

In the 1950s, Shell accounted for one-seventh of the world's petroleum product production, the output of which has been steadily increasing. More powerful and capacious tankers (up to 200 thousand tons) were required to transport oil. Soon such tankers became the main unit of the Shell fleet.

In 1959, a joint venture between Shell and Exxon in the Dutch town of Gronningen discovered one of the richest deposits natural gas... Gas production has become another area of the diversified Shell concern. By the early 1970s, Gronningen produced half of the gas consumed in Western Europe.

In the mid-60s, Shell explored several unique gas fields in the North Sea at once, which required the development of new technology sea transportation of liquefied gas. In the 1970s, Shell and its partners managed to deliver five million tons of liquefied gas from Brunei to Japan. Shell has pioneered large-scale gas liquefaction and long-distance shipping projects. In the 1980s, the export of liquefied natural gas produced by the concern increased significantly - in 1989, the largest project for the development of the north-western shelf of Australia and the supply of liquefied natural gas to Japan was carried out.

In addition to gas, in 1971 in the North Sea in an extremely difficult natural conditions the giant Brent oil field was explored. Exploration and development in the North Sea later became Shell's largest industry. Severe weather conditions dictated the need to use high-tech equipment for oil production. Following Brent, Shell discovered the Cormorant (1972), Dunlin (1973), Terne (1975) and Ayder (1976) deposits. Brent's development is considered one of the most technologically complex and costly projects in the history of mankind.

In the mid-1970s, the demand for oil dropped. The events in Iran 1978-79 and the related restrictions on oil supplies - all this gave rise to the need to search for alternative sources of energy. Gas consumption in Europe more than doubled in the late 1970s. Shell and its partners provided 50% of this amount.

Expanding the range of its activities, the concern strengthened its positions in the coal and metallurgical industries. In 1981, a large magnesium plant was commissioned in Wendam (Netherlands).

In the 1980s, Shell's efforts focused on differentiating products and services, increasing production efficiency through the automation of distribution and sales networks.

During the same period, Shell switched to the production of unleaded gasoline, a cleaner fuel.

By the end of the decade, the company was processing about three million barrels of crude oil at its refineries. A quarter of the group's total income came from chemical production. Still, the 1980s were unprecedented in the development of offshore fields in the North Sea. The Troll gas field, the second largest in Europe, was discovered in its Norwegian sector. The two largest oil and gas fields, Bulwinkle and Auger, were explored in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1989, the daily oil production from the Bulwinkle platform, installed at a depth of 412 m, reached 8 thousand barrels. In 1994, another gigantic platform, Auger, was built on pre-tensioned supports, the height of which was 872 m. It is the tallest permanent structure in the world on the seabed.

To save competitive advantage Shell is ready to make drastic changes in its structure. These changes include the July 2005 merger of parent companies Royal Dutch and Shell Transport in a single company- Royal Dutch Shell plc.

Shell logo

For over a century, the word "shell" or "Shell", the scallop shell emblem and distinctive colors of red and yellow have been used to identify the brand and promote the company's reputation. These symbols represent the quality of products and services, professionalism and values around the world.

Why red and yellow?

In 1915, the California-based Shell company built service stations for the first time, and they needed to differentiate themselves from the competition. They used vibrant colors that would not hurt the Californians: because of the state's close Spanish ties, red and yellow were chosen.

Today's colors emerged years later, with the introduction of Shell's vibrant, memorable reds and yellows in 1995 for the company's new retail products. The scallop remains one of the most famous brand symbols in the 21st century.

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The history of Shell began in 1833, when an English merchant, Marcus Samuel, opened a small shop in London selling various trinkets decorated with seashells (shell in English means shell) and other exotic oriental products. Shell was the name of Samuel's father's store in London. The venture turned out to be profitable, and Samuel organized the delivery of seafood from the Far East using his small coastal fleet. The ships en route from the metropolis to the colonies carried various cargoes on board, including oil products. Samuel, being a talented businessman, saw a great future in the oil business during the period of its practical birth. After his death, in 1870, the business passed to his sons, who in 1878 founded their own company.

Turning out to be a very quick-witted entrepreneur, already in 1892 he managed to build his first tanker called "Murex" with a displacement of 5 thousand tons at one of the British shipyards. In commemoration of this event, the lead tanker of Shell's oil fleet is now called "Murex". The key point is that the design of the tanker invented by Marcus Samuel excluded the threat of spontaneous combustion of oil products. In addition, "Murex" was registered by the "Lloyd" agency and met the stringent requirements of sea transportation through the Suez Canal, (which previously could not be achieved by any oil company), through which it was planned to transport oil and other oil products. The Murex made its first voyage in August 1892 with a cargo of 4 thousand tons of Russian kerosene on the Batumi-Singapore-Bangkok route.

That is why the first "branded" product supplied by Shell to Far Eastern consumers in early 1893 was Russian kerosene.

In 1902, after lengthy negotiations, Shell and Royal Dutch created the Asiatic Petroleum concern, whose goal was to expand the trade in oil and oil products, including Russian-made ones, in the Far East region. In 1907, the capital and interests of Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport & Trading K. were finally merged, which served as the foundation of the corporation known throughout the world today as Royal Dutch / Shell. In 1900, Henry Detering (1866-1939), who was later called the "oil Napoleon", became the managing director of this company, and then the chairman of the board of directors. Detering was a supporter of the Shell partnership. On his initiative, in 1907, the capital of Royal Dutch and Shell merged, and a new company was founded with two head offices in London and The Hague.

In the combined concern, 60% of the shares belonged to Royal Dutch and 40% to Shell. This ratio has been preserved to this day.

In 1919, British pilots John Alcock and Arthur Whitten-Brown made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in an airplane fueled with Shell fuel.

The First World War somewhat slowed down the company's rapid ascent to the oil Olympus, but after its end, active growth again. Companies are established in the USA, the Middle East, Malaysia, East and South Africa. In the early 1930s, Shell took the first steps in the development of the production of petroleum-based chemical products. By the end of the 1930s, Shell was producing about 600,000 barrels of crude oil per day, which was more than 10% of world production.

The years of World War II were not easy for Shell. The Netherlands was occupied by Germany. Romania and the Far East were also out of reach for the company.

Shell has actively worked with allied governments to ensure uninterrupted supplies of aviation and motor gasoline, as well as fuel oil to all military fronts.

In the early 1950s, the world economy felt the need for new sources of crude oil. The concern launched prospecting and exploration work in Algeria, Trinidad, offshore British Borneo. Fields were discovered in the Netherlands (Schunebeck), Canada, Colombia, Iraq. The increased volumes of oil production, naturally, entailed the construction of new oil refineries, the largest of which were erected in the Dutch port of Pernis, the French city of Rouen, Cardone (Venezuela), Geelong (Australia), Bombay.

In 1959, a joint venture between Shell and Exxon in the Dutch town of Gronningen discovered one of the richest natural gas fields. Gas production has become another area of the diversified Shell concern. By the early 1970s, Gronningen produced half of the gas consumed in Western Europe.

In the mid-1960s, Shell explored several unique gas fields in the North Sea at once, which required the development of a new technology for sea transportation of liquefied gas. In the 1970s, Shell and its partners managed to deliver five million tons of liquefied gas from Brunei to Japan. Shell has pioneered large-scale gas liquefaction and long-distance shipping projects. In the 1980s, the export of liquefied natural gas produced by the concern increased significantly - in 1989, the largest project for the development of the north-western shelf of Australia and the supply of liquefied natural gas to Japan was carried out.

In addition to gas, the giant Brent oil field was explored in the North Sea in 1971 under extremely difficult natural conditions. Exploration and development in the North Sea later became Shell's largest industry. Severe weather conditions dictated the need to use high-tech equipment for oil production. Following Brent, Shell discovered the Cormorant (1972), Dunlin (1973), Terne (1975) and Ayder (1976) deposits. Brent's development is considered one of the most technologically complex and costly projects in the history of mankind.

Expanding the range of its activities, the concern strengthened its positions in the coal and metallurgical industries. In 1981, a large magnesium plant was commissioned in Wendam (Netherlands).

In the 1980s, Shell's efforts focused on differentiating products and services, increasing production efficiency through the automation of distribution and sales networks.

During the same period, Shell switched to the production of unleaded gasoline, a cleaner fuel.

To maintain its competitive advantage, Shell is ready to make drastic changes in its structure. These changes include the July 2005 merger of the parent companies Royal Dutch and Shell Transport into a single entity, Royal Dutch Shell plc.

Shell logo

At the origins

The company name was Shell, and each Samuel tanker carrying kerosene to the east bore the name of a different shell. The scallop may have been taken from the family crest of a business partner, Mr. Graham, who imported Samuel's kerosene to India and became director of The Shell Transport and Trading Company. After moving to Santiago de Compostela in Spain, the Graham family adopted the shell of St. James as their coat of arms. Over time, the shape of the seashell has gradually changed in line with graphic design trends. Designer Raymond Lowy created and introduced the existing logo in 1971.

Why red and yellow?

The history of this brand begins almost two centuries ago - in 1833 - with the name of the English merchant Marcus Samuel. That year in London, he decided to expand his antiques business by trading in a new decorative item - seashells. After all, the word "shell" is translated from English exactly as "shell".

From seafood to oil

The Shell store turned out to be a profitable business, so the merchant soon arranged for the delivery of sea shells from the Far East, for which the ships of the coastal fleet were used. It was these ships that carried a variety of cargoes from the British colonies to London, including oil products. Samuel saw in time the great future of the oil business, and in 1870, after his death, the business passed to his sons. In 1878 they open their own company, the range of activities of which is rapidly expanding.

In 1890, the company started exporting Baku oil using tankers. Then Baku was part of the Russian Empire, and the first oil tanker was built there. This ship was seen by the owner of the company, and already in 1892 in England at a shipyard he was able to build an oil tanker with a capacity of 5000 tons.

The design of this tanker had some peculiarities: Marcus Samuel Jr. developed a special system to protect oil from spontaneous combustion during the transportation of the product. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Shell supplied consumers with a product that was in great demand at that time - Russian kerosene from the Far East.

Creation of a world-class corporation

At the beginning of the 20th century, a separate company, Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd., was founded, although it was still a long way from a world-class oil corporation. It should be emphasized that in those days, the Standard Oil Company, owned by Rockefeller and systematically crushing the market for oil and other types of fuel, was especially powerful. The Samuel brothers were constantly in danger of being ousted from the industry after any unsuccessful business decision.

In order to defend its right on the global market, Shell had to merge with a Dutch company Royal Dutch the same profile. This expanded the oil and petroleum products trading network in 1902. In the new company, only 40% of the shares belonged to Shell Transport, and this alignment in the merged concern has been preserved to this day.

Already 10 years later, the Royal Dutch Shell concern enters the US domestic market. The stake was made on the production of fuel oil and gasoline, which turned out to be successful due to the dynamic development automotive business... During the First World War, the company's growth slowed down, but after its end, it again resumed at an active pace. By the end of the 1930s, Shell had a 10 percent share in world oil production.

During World War II, business development stopped, the company did everything to only survive this difficult period and stay afloat. After the war, Shell took an active part in the restoration of destroyed enterprises and began to intensively gain refining capacity. Shell's petroleum product production has increased worldwide.

Since the second half of the 20th century, the demand for oil in the world has been constantly growing, the cost has been steadily high, and Shell only grew richer in such conditions. The first time the demand for oil fell due to events in Iran in the late 1970s. On the other hand, global gas consumption has grown, so Shell has begun to develop this area. The company's management was sensitive to changes in the market and deftly adjusted to them.

Brand insignia

For more than a century, the Shell company logo has been a red-yellow scallop shell. She, as marketers of the company assure, symbolizes the quality of products and services, professionalism and corporate values concern.

The color scheme of the logo was not chosen by chance. In 1915, when the company first built service stations, it was necessary to stand out from the competition, and then it was decided to use bright colors.

Today, Royal Dutch Shell produces oil in 80 countries around the world, it owns a large number of wells and three dozen refineries around the world. This company employs 90,000 people, and the net profit is tens of billions of dollars a year.

Royal Dutch Shell(Royal Dutch Shell) is a British-Dutch oil and gas company. The headquarters is located in The Hague (Netherlands). Shell conducts geological exploration and production of oil and gas in more than 40 countries around the world. Shell owns the world's largest filling station network with over 55,000 stations. Shell also owns, in whole or in part, more than 50 oil refineries. In particular, the company owns one of the largest European refineries Pernis in the Netherlands with a capacity of 10,000 tons per day, the Stanlow plant in the UK with a capacity of 12 million tons per year, three refineries in France with a total capacity of 40,790 tons per day. In addition, Shell owns a significant number of chemical enterprises, as well as production solar panels and other alternative energy sources. Shell gas station in Rosario (Argentina)

Exxon Mobil Corporation is an American company, one of the largest private oil companies world, one of the largest corporations in the world in terms of market capitalization $ 336.5 billion.

BP(British Petroleum) is a British oil and gas company, the second largest publicly traded oil and gas company in the world.

Chevron corporation(Chevron Corporation) (NYSE: CVX) is the second integrated energy company in the United States after ExxonMobil and one of the largest corporations in the world.

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc(Walmart) (NYSE: WMT) is an American public corporation and the world's largest retail chain. The company operates on the principle - discount chains of large department stores. In 2010, it became the largest public corporation in the world in terms of revenue, according to Forbes Global 2000. The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962, incorporated on October 31, 1969, and has been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 1972. Wal-Mart is the largest private employer in the world and the largest grocery retailer in the United States. In 2009, the company sold 51% of the US food market for $ 258 billion. It also owns and operates the Sam Club. retail warehouses in North America. Walmart operates in Mexico in the United Kingdom as Asda ("Wal-Mart's Asda" in a number of industries), in Japan as a voice actor, and in India at the best price. In Argentina, Brazil, Canada and Puerto Rico. Wal-Mart investment outside North America... The corporation operates in the UK, South America and China, while it was forced to withdraw from Germany and South Korea when businesses were unsuccessful. Wal-Mart is the largest in the world retail network, which includes (mid-February 2007) 6,782 stores in 14 countries. Among them are both hypermarkets and supermarkets selling food and industrial goods. Wal-Mart's strategy includes such terms as maximum assortment and minimum, aiming for wholesale, prices. Wal-Mart's main competitors at retail market USA - Home Depot, Kroger, Sears Holdings Corporation, Costco and Target.

Wal-Mart is a leader in the adoption of RFID technology in commerce.

The total headcount of the company is 2 million people (2009).

Toyota Motor Corporation(Japanese: トヨタ自動車株式会社, Toyota Jidosha KK, TYO: 7203, LSE: TYT, NYSE: TM, commonly known simply as Toyota and abbreviated as TMC, a major Japanese automaker headquartered in Aichi, Japan. In 2010, in Toyota Motor Corporation employs 317,734 people worldwide. TMC is the largest automaker in the world in terms of sales and production of vehicles. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as additional income from his father's company Toyota Industries to build cars. Three years earlier, in 1934, at the same time Toyota Industries division, created its first product, the engine, and in 1936 the company created its first a car, Toyota AA. Toyota Motor companies are the Toyota Group Corporation (including the Scion brand), Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino Motors, along with several "non-automotive" companies. TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world.

Toyota Motor Corporation is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi and Tokyo. Its Tokyo head office is located at 1-4-18 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8701, Japan. Nagoya Office at 4-7-1 Meieki, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture. In addition to car manufacturing, Toyota provides financial services through Toyota Financial Services and develops and builds robots. International activity

Toyota has factories in most parts of the world, making or assembling vehicles for local markets. Toyota has manufacturing and assembly plants in Japan, Australia, India, Sri Lanka, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, Colombia, UK, USA, France, Brazil, Portugal, and more recently Argentina, Czech Republic. Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan, Egypt, China, Vietnam, Venezuela, Philippines and Russia.

General electric, GE (NYSE: GE), an American multinational corporation one of the largest conglomerates in the world. The company operates in five segments: energy, technology, financial capital, consumer and industrial engineering. Including locomotives, power plants (nuclear reactors), gas turbines, aircraft engines, medical equipment, it also manufactures lighting equipment, plastics and sealants. In 2010, General Electric was ranked by Forbes as the second largest company in the world after JPMorgan Chase, total sales, profit, assets and market value several multinational companies. The company employs 287,000 people worldwide.

Royal Dutch Shell(Shell) is a British-Dutch company, the third largest privately-owned oil and gas company in the world after I. Headquarters - in ().

Structure and leadership

Until mid-2005, the structure of the company had an original "dual" character: Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd were the so-called "parent companies" (they did not production activities and were not part of the concern). The "parent companies" owned shares in the holding companies of the concern - the Dutch Shell Petroleum N.V. and the British Shell Petroleum Company Limited, with Royal Dutch Petroleum Company owning 60% and Shell Transport and Trading Company 40% of the holding companies. In turn, the holding companies owned all the shares in the service companies, as well as, directly or indirectly, the entire share of Shell in the manufacturing companies.

In the summer of 2005, the shareholders of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd approved the merger of the parent companies into one company headquartered in the Netherlands. This deal turned the Netherlands into the world's largest investor in 2005, and the UK into the main recipient of investments in the world (they tripled to $ 164.5 billion).

According to the company, its largest shareholders as of March 1, 2006 were Barclays (4.28% of class A shares and 4.13% of class B shares), Legal & General Group (3.08% and 3.94%), Capital Croup ( 7.5% and 4.45%) and UBS (3.16% class A shares). Market capitalization on July 14, 2006 - about $ 235 billion.

The chairman of the board of directors of the company is Aad Jacobs. Chief Executive Officer - Jeroen van der Veer.

Activity

Shell conducts geological exploration and production of oil and gas in more than 40 countries around the world. Shell owns the world's largest network of over 55,000 stations. Shell also owns, in whole or in part, more than 50 oil refineries.

In addition, Shell owns a significant number of chemical enterprises, as well as industries and other alternative energy sources.

Oil and gas production in 2005 amounted to about 3.5 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (about 180 million tons of oil equivalent per year).

The total number of the company's personnel is about 110 thousand people. The company's revenue in 2005 amounted to $ 306.7 billion (in 2004 - $ 266.4 billion), net profit - $ 26.3 billion ($ 19.3 billion).

Royal Dutch Shell in Russia

Royal Dutch Shell is one of the largest foreign investors in Russia in terms of investment volume. In our country, Royal Dutch Shell is participating in the development of the shelf (a project jointly with Japanese Mitsui and) and the fields of the Salym group in. The company also plans to take part in the development of offshore oil and gas projects together with.

The company has a network (as of mid-July 2006 - 18 stations).

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