To solve the “mystery of the sunken submarine. Type "Decembrist" (Type "D") I Series Submarines of the i series of the Decembrist type
The memorial complex-museum "Submarine D-2 "Narodovolets" is one of the most unique attractions of St. Petersburg.
The museum's exposition is dedicated to the history of the submarine D-2, the history of the Decembrist project, as well as the actions of Soviet submariners in the Baltic.
Various documents and images, small arms of Baltic sailors and boat guns, ship models, various equipment and household items of sailors.
But the most important thing in the museum is the boat itself.
"Narodovolets" is a one-of-a-kind monument to the history of domestic shipbuilding in the 1920s.
It may not be the most famous and not the most successful, but the most important thing is that it is well preserved, not cut into metal in the 60s. Beautifully, lovingly restored, giving a complete idea of the structure of such ships, of the heroic service of submariners.
For those interested in the history of the Navy, the history of the Great Patriotic War, and just technology - the museum is a must visit.
Submarine D-2 "Narodovolets"
History of the submarine D-2
The boats of this project were the first to be built in our country after the October Revolution and were significantly superior to the submarine designs of the Russian Empire.
The lead boat of the series was laid down in 1927 according to the design of the design bureau headed by shipbuilding engineer Boris Mikhailovich Malinin (consultants A.N. Krylov, P.F. Papkovich and Yu.A. Shimansky).
Submarines of the "Decembrist" type were created on the basis of domestic experience and theoretical developments, taking into account the achievements of world shipbuilding. The submarine "Decembrist-1" became part of the Baltic Fleet on November 12, 1930.
Performance characteristics of the series boats:
Displacement: surface 933 tons, submerged 1354 tons; length 76 m; width 6.4 m; draft 3.8 m.
Engine power: two diesel engines 1619 kW (2200 hp), two electric motors 736 kW (1000 hp).
Speed: surface 14.7 knots (27.2 km/h), submerged 9 knots (16.7 km/h).
Cruising range: surface at a speed of 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h) 7,000 miles (13,000 km), submerged at a speed of 3 knots (5.6 km/h) up to 150 miles (278 km).
Armament: 6 bow and 2 stern torpedo tubes (caliber - 533 mm), 2 guns (100 and 45 mm), 1 anti-aircraft machine gun; crew 53 people.
The design of the Dekabrist-class submarine was significantly different from pre-revolutionary submarines: a double-hull design was used with the strong hull divided by bulkheads into waterproof compartments, the battery pits were sealed, the ventilation of the double-hull ballast tanks was separate, and a quick submersion tank was installed.
Submarines of the "Decembrist" type operated successfully in the Great Patriotic War. A total of 6 Project D submarines were built.
During the Great Patriotic War, the boat made 4 military campaigns total duration 135 days.
"Narodovolets" carried out 12 torpedo attacks, during which 19 torpedoes were fired.
Reliably known victories: on October 14, 1942, the transport “Jacobus Fritzen” was sunk, on October 19, 1942, the railway ferry “Deutschland” was seriously damaged.
In 1956, the submarine was turned into a survivability training station.
In 1967, a group of veteran submariners sent a letter to the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper with a proposal to turn the D-2 into a museum.
On March 5, 1987, the D-2 submarine was finally removed from the Navy lists. Restoration repairs have begun at the Kronstadt Marine Plant.
On September 2, 1993, the grand opening of the Memorial Complex-Museum “Submarine D-2 Narodovolets” took place on the shore of Vasilyevsky Island.
Photos of the submarine and museum exhibits
B-24PL nose gun, 100 mm caliber.
After the external inspection we move inside the boat. We begin the inspection from the stern, from the seventh compartment.
Stern 533-mm torpedo tubes.
The main switchboard station, on the left is the “remote control” for battery charging.
Tapping table. Used for communication through battened hatches.
6th compartment, diesel. 2 diesel engines MAN 1100 hp every. Later boats in the series were already equipped with our diesel engines.
5th compartment. The boat's gyrocompass is installed in it (visible on the right). You can see the stairs to the hold, which used to be filled with batteries. Now it is part of the museum's exhibition.
We move on to the fourth compartment - the central post, the command post of the boat.
Navigator's cabin.
By the way, a latrine is an overhang on the bow of a sailing ship, under the bowsprit, for installing bow decorations. Latrines for sailors were installed on the same overhang. The wind sailing ship it's blowing aft...
The first compartment is the main striking power of the submarine. Six 533 mm torpedo tubes. 12 torpedoes - 6 loaded and 6 more stored in the compartment. Most of the crew lived here.
Torpedo tubes.
Tables, bunks and torpedoes.
Could you sleep hugging a torpedo on a surface 40 cm wide?
Exhibition in the hold of the boat.
Batteries. They filled most of the hold.
Naval flag of the submarine D-2.
We leave the boat and go to the museum. The museum contains a large number of documents on the history of submarine warfare in the Baltic. Various relics are kept.
Type “Decembrist” (Type “D”) Series I.
1. Number of submarines of the project: 6
2. Project image:
type "D" I series (before modernization)
type “D” of the 1st series built by the Baltic Shipyard (after modernization in 1936-1941)
3. Project composition:
Ship name |
Factory number |
Notes |
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bookmarks |
entry into service |
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LENINGRAD: Baltic Plant (No. 189) (3) |
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Detailed diagram of the D-type submarine after entry into service:* * Scheme made by Yu.V. Apalkov based on original drawings of the Central Design Bureau for Medical Technologies "Rubin" 6. Tactical and technical data of the project: D-1 – D-3D-4D-5, D-6 surface displacement - 932.8t945t989t underwater -1353.8t1355t1384.6t surface speed - 14 knots 12.5 knots 11.3 knots submerged - 9 knots 8.22 knots 8.7 knots cruising range on the surface -4700(8.9) miles4700 (8.9) miles4700 (8.9) miles submerged -132 (2.9) miles 135 (2.9) miles 125 (2.8) miles dimensions - 76.0x6.4x3.81m76.6x6.4x4.3m76.6x6.4x3.8m weapons 533mm NTA-6 pcs. 6 pcs. 6 pcs. 533mm KTA-2 pcs. 2 pcs. 2 pcs. B2 102mm-0 pcs. 0 pcs. 1 pc. B24 100mm-1 pc. 1 pc. 0 pc. DShK 12.7mm-0 pcs. 1 pc. 0 pcs. 21K45mm-1 pcs. 0 pcs. 1 pc. autonomy - 28 (47?) days immersion depth, m-up to 90 working immersion depth, m-75 crew, people -47-53 power plant: engine 42B6 with a power of 1100 hp, pcs.-2 (on the first two submarines - MAN) propulsion motor PG20 powerful. 525 hp-2 rechargeable battery "DK" 60 el. in group - 4 groups 7. Sources: Platonov A.V. "Soviet warships 1941-1945, part 3, Submarines", St. Petersburg, 1996. | |||||||||
On November 13, 1940, the submarine D-1 (“Decembrist”) under the command of Lieutenant Commander Fyodor Eltishchev disappeared in sight of two coastal posts at once. The submarine D-1 (until August 21, 1934 - “Decembrist”) was the lead in the 1st series of Soviet submarine shipbuilding. In 1933, along the White Sea-Baltic Canal as part of the EON-1 expedition, she moved to Murmansk to become the first submarine of the reviving Northern Fleet.
REASONS UNKNOWN
On that fateful day, D-1 occupied the designated training ground No. 6 in Motovsky Bay to conduct a preparatory exercise for task No. 2 of the “Submarine Combat Training Course.” The crew trimmed the submarine and at 13.30 it sank to periscope depth seven miles from Cape Vyev-Navolok. From the shore, her dive at a course of 270 degrees was monitored by shore observers. Soon the white trail from the periscope disappeared between the crests of low waves. "Decembrist" went to a given depth.
15 minutes after the start of the movement of D-1, observers at Cape Sharapov (the southeastern part of the Rybachy Peninsula), one and a half miles from the coast, unexpectedly discovered the movement of the periscope of a submarine heading towards the center of Motovsky Bay (heading southwest). How did the underwater “Decembrist”, following a course strictly to the west, quickly “fly” to the northern part of the bay, and why did Eltishchev again surface to periscope depth? These questions remain unanswered to date.
The exercise at training ground No. 6 was completed successfully. However, in the evening, when at the appointed time (18.40) D-1 did not contact and did not return to base, the ships of the Northern Fleet urgently went out in search of the missing submarine.
All night, Motovsky Bay was monitored by noise direction-finding stations of submarine cruisers and “small hunters” and illuminated by ship searchlights. With the first glimmers of dawn, a large oil slick, a lifebuoy, small wooden fragments and pieces of insulating cork were discovered near Cape Sharapov. This is how the first opinion emerged, later accepted as the official version, that the submarine sank at great depths in the northern part of the bay.
Subsequent weeks of searches in various areas of the ill-fated test site yielded the following results: three large spots of liquid (similar to solarium), part of a life preserver, a fragment of a pine beam with the letter “P” (painted with anti-acid paint), in which several lead fragments were sitting, a wedge of sheathings of battery group IV of a submarine. Several more objects that could belong to the submarine "Decembrist" were also recovered here.
But the biggest surprise for the North Sea residents was the discovery in the southern part of the bay (one and a half miles from Bolshoi Arsky Island). Here, on the night of November 18, one of the minesweepers first broke its bottom cable (used in the search), and then the ship’s metal detector showed the presence of a large metal object on the ground (69 degrees 29.1 north latitude, 32 degrees 54.7 east longitude).
On the same night, another equally large metal object was discovered two miles from Cape Vyev-Navolok (69 degrees 29.0 north latitude, 33 degrees 03.8 east longitude). And yet, on the evening of November 26, 1940, the search for the missing submarine was stopped.
A commission led by the second deputy people's commissar of the Navy (for shipbuilding), Admiral Lev Galler, came to the North. Based on the results of her work, the conclusion was drawn: “Decembrist” died due to the destruction of the durable hull after diving below the maximum depth. This could have happened either due to the jamming of the boat's horizontal rudders, or due to a crew error. But the actual cause of the disaster could only be determined by lifting the submarine or its external inspection.
Moreover, the commission recognized the level of combat readiness of the Northern Fleet forces as low. All North Sea ships were laid up, and they began combat training from scratch, that is, at anchor and on mooring lines. However, the commander of the Northern Fleet, Rear Admiral Arseny Golovko, did not agree with the accusations against the D-1 crew. Already in April 1941, after the end of winter storms, the Northern Fleet began preparatory work for raising the sunken submarine. And the first thing here was to conduct an exercise for the Northern Fleet rescue squad. Most likely, preparations were made specifically for the rise of the “Decembrist”.
Before the war, only two submarines were lost in the Northern Fleet. Shch-424 - sank on October 20, 1939 at a depth of 250 m off Cape Letinsky. A year later, D-1 shared its fate.
The very fact of preparing an exercise for North Sea rescuers suggests that Rear Admiral Golovko knew the depths in the area where the submarine was sunk and their availability for long-term work by divers in the icy April waters of the Barents Sea. In those years, this meant that the depth at the site of the disaster did not exceed one hundred meters. That is, the commander of the Northern Fleet believed that the emergency occurred either near Bolshoi Arsky Island or at Cape Vyev-Navolok, but not at great depths in the northern part of Motovsky Bay.
Unfortunately, the rescue operation ended unsuccessfully. One of the ship-lifting pontoons broke the braid and jumped to the surface. The submarine Shch-404, which played the role of a “sunken submarine,” after instantly falling to the ground of the Kola Bay, also quickly “flew” to the surface.
And soon the Great Patriotic War began, and they forgot about the missing submarine. But even after 1945, even venerable historians tried not to remember the disappearance of the North Sea “firstborn,” and North Sea veterans devoted no more than one line to the long-standing disaster in their memoirs.
NO INTEREST?
The Northern Fleet started talking about the “Decembrist” again only in 1984, when the new rescue ship “Georgiy Titov” arrived in the Arctic, armed with manned deep-sea vehicles and television towed searchers. But only in 1990, the then commander of the Northern Fleet, Admiral Felix Gromov, decided to conduct an underwater search in the area where the D-1 crashed. The initiator of this operation was the naval newspaper “On Guard of the Arctic,” which published the article “The Mystery of the Sunken Submarine.”
The rescuer “Georgy Titov” (commander captain 3rd rank Dulfat Khankaev), who had just returned from a deep-sea survey of the sunken nuclear-powered submarine “Komsomolets”, was assigned to carry out the work. Three months later, the head of the search and rescue service of the Northern Fleet, Captain 1st Rank Zakharov, told a naval newspaper correspondent that a plan for the operation had been drawn up, forces and means had been assigned, the order of their actions had been determined and time calculations had been made for each stage, a system for organizing communications and security measures had been developed. The start was scheduled for June 1990.
But June passed, followed by July. Unexpectedly, there followed completely inexplicable references from the Northern Fleet PSS to the fact that “┘ naval specialists have never yet searched for or examined submarines that perished in the 30-40s,” as well as to “┘ complex bottom terrain, faults, underwater rocks. Here the ship’s hydroacoustics will not be effective.” And ┘information about the search for D-1 disappeared.
The Northern Fleet returned to the submarine that disappeared near its main base ten years later. In July 2000, on the initiative of the Vologda Maritime Assembly, which is headed by Captain 1st Rank Alexander Shturmanov (in the recent past, a submarine officer), and the commander of the Vidyayevo nuclear-powered submarine formation, Rear Admiral Mikhail Kuznetsov, the commander of the Northern Fleet, Admiral Vyacheslav Popov, began preparatory work for the inspection the supposed area of the death of the "Decembrist". The search date was set for September 2000. But the Kursk disaster crossed out all plans and stopped the search.
The next attempt was made in January 2003 by the new commander of the Northern Fleet, Admiral Gennady Suchkov. Was held preliminary inspection the alleged area of the disappearance of D-1 in Motovsky Bay. However, this inspection using only ship hydroacoustics (without a metal detector) did not give positive results. At the same time, for a still unclear reason, the place where in 1996 the minesweeper Kolomna found a large metal object lying on the ground was excluded from the search area. This could have been ignored if this object had not been found ┘ just 200 m from the supposed point of death of the “Decembrist”.
Meanwhile, in July 2003, the international expedition “Polar Convoy 2003” led by Rear Admiral Vyacheslav Solodov pleased the North Sea residents with their findings. The hydrographic vessel "Senezh" of the Northern Fleet made a trip to the area of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, where in three days it immediately found two dead American transports from the notorious convoy PQ-17. In such a short time, the group of Professor Mikhail Spiridonov from the Russian Geological Research Institute named after A.P. Karpinsky, who used a comprehensive search method (hydroacoustic, magnetometric and television), successfully solved all the tasks assigned to the expedition. Moreover, the Olapana transport was found at a depth of almost 100 m at a distance of three and a half miles from the estimated location, and the Alcoa Ranger transport was found at a depth of 130 m under a significant layer of silt.
They didn’t start looking for “Decembrist” even in the year of the 65th anniversary of its death. The personal appeal to the commander of the Northern Fleet, Admiral Mikhail Abramov, by Yuri Prokhorenko, the son of the deceased commissioner of the Decembrist, did not help. It turned out that today the Northern Fleet, as in the first post-war years, does not have... the technical ability to find the D-1. What happens: we can find the American transports buried at the bottom of the sea, but we can’t find the first Soviet North Sea submarine?
The first-born of Soviet submarine shipbuilding were created with a double-hull, riveted design. For hull work, high-quality steel from pre-revolutionary reserves was allocated, intended for the construction battlecruisers type "Izmail" and light cruisers of the "Svetlana" type. For the first time in domestic shipbuilding, the hull of a submarine was divided by bulkheads into watertight compartments. The main ballast was located in six side and two end tanks. In addition, there were deck tanks for floating in a positional position. The strong cabin had the shape of a cylinder (diameter 1.7 meters) with a spherical roof and was initially attached to a strong hull on the flange and sides, which were later replaced with rivets. The main ballast tanks had manually operated seacocks. Also, for the first time, the Central City Hospital was filled with water by plane through scuppers, and not using pumps, which made it possible to reduce the time of urgent diving from 3 minutes for pre-revolutionary Bars-class submarines to 40 seconds. The control of the ventilation valves was remote pneumatic, but there were local manual drives. Inside the durable housing there were equalization and rapid immersion tanks, designed for a pressure of 9 kg/sq.cm. Some ballast tanks could be used as fuel tanks.
As the main engines for surface propulsion, the first two submarines were equipped with diesel engines from the German company "MAN", purchased allegedly for the first Soviet diesel locomotives; the subsequent hulls were equipped with four-stroke six-cylinder compressor irreversible diesel engines 42-B-6 of domestic production of the same power.
A Bamag friction cone clutch was installed between the diesel engine and the propeller motor, and a claw clutch was installed between the propeller motor and the propeller shaft. To achieve the maximum possible underwater range, a double-anchor electric motor was created: one anchor, rated at 500 hp, provided full speed, the other, rated at 25 hp, was used for economic propulsion. The battery was located in sealed pits.
The bow horizontal rudders were folding, all rudders had both electric and manual control. The drive of the vertical rudder used a Ward-Leonard electrical circuit, and the horizontal rudders were controlled using a controller. The vertical rudder had a peculiarity: the axis of its stock was tilted towards the nose by 7 degrees. It was assumed that when transferred on board, it would simultaneously act as a horizontal one, transferred to the submersion, thanks to which it would be possible to keep the submarine from surfacing underwater during circulation. However, in practice, this assumption was not justified, and such rudders were no longer used on domestic submarines.
To ascend from the positional position to the cruising position, low-pressure blowers from the Brown-Boveri company, type V4-03, with a capacity of 45 cubic meters per minute were used. The main water ballast, in addition to being blown with low pressure air (normal ascent) and high pressure (emergency ascent), could also be pumped overboard by the main bilge pumps.
Submarines were armed with 533-mm torpedo tubes that fired compressed air, but torpedoes of this caliber did not exist at the moment, so 450-mm torpedoes were used. Shooting was carried out through special grilles inserted into the devices.
Artillery armament was initially supposed to consist of two 102-mm guns located behind special fairing shields on the upper deck in front of and behind the wheelhouse fence. However, during the discussion of the project, concerns were expressed about a decrease in the combat effectiveness of the boat due to the flooding of the guns by waves. After this, they decided to raise the bow gun to the level of the navigation bridge, covering it with a bulwark, and install the stern gun, a 45-mm semi-automatic, in the wheelhouse fence. Subsequently, it turned out that this placement of the bow gun was unsuccessful, since it significantly constrained the navigation bridge itself and greatly interfered with the navigation watch, especially during moorings.
Therefore, during overhaul with modernization in 1939-1942, the bow gun was returned to the upper deck, while the layout and configuration of the navigation bridge was improved. All this, along with the convenience of keeping the top watch, improved the stability of the submarine and somewhat reduced the scope of roll.
Surface unsinkability was ensured when sailing without fuel in ballast tanks, when one compartment of the pressure hull and one adjacent main ballast tank were flooded. The spherical bulkheads of the central post and end compartments (shelter compartments) were designed for a pressure of 9 kg/sq.cm. A centrifugal pump R-130 with a capacity of 250 t/h at a depth of 9 meters and at a depth of 85 meters - 25 t/h was used as a drainage agent. In addition, there were two Borets bilge pumps with a capacity of 15 t/h at a pressure of 9 kg/sq.cm.
For the first time, a whole complex was implemented on domestic submarines technical solutions, allowing the crew to leave the emergency submarine in a submerged position. All personnel were provided with individual rescue apparatus and suits. The crew could leave the boat lying on the bottom through torpedo tubes, and also use the airlock chamber of the conning tower. In addition, the bow and stern exit hatches were equipped with lowerable tubes. This made it possible to create an air cushion under the ceiling of the compartment and open the hatch to leave it. For communication with the emergency boat there were two rescue buoys released from inside the hull. It was envisaged that the main ballast would be blown out by divers, as well as air supplied to the compartments. The boat had lifting eyes and scuppers for attaching pontoons.
Historical reference
In terms of service life, there is no equal to this boat in our submarine fleet. Different winds caressed her naval flag, the waves of the Baltic, Barents and Kara seas closed over her. Today the wind of history is rushing over the deck of the glorious submarine. But everything must have its beginning.
On November 26, 1926, the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR approved a military shipbuilding program for 1926-1932, which provided, in addition to the construction of surface ships, the construction of 12 submarines of various types.
On March 5, 1927, at the Baltic Shipyard in Leningrad, the firstborn of Soviet submarine shipbuilding was laid down - the lead submarine "Decembrist" (from August 21, 1934 - D-1). At the same time, the construction of “Narodovolets” (from August 21, 1934 D-2) and “Red Guard” (from August 21, 1934 D-3) begins. The first rivet into the bottom part of the head boat D-1 was hammered by S.M. Kirov. On November 3, 1928, the Decembrist left the stocks, and on May 19, 1929, the Narodovolets submarine was launched. In April 1927, three more D-type submarines were laid down at the shipyard in Nikolaev. These ships were built according to a project developed under the leadership of the talented designer B. M. Malinin (1889-1949) and made up the 1st series of submarines of the USSR. B. Malinin was one of those few engineers who, even before the revolution, personally participated in the construction of submarines. Based on this experience and extremely meager theoretical data, B. Malinin and a group of designers began to develop design materials for the construction of the first Soviet submarines. A total of 6 Dekabrist-class submarines were built.
The tactical and technical elements of the first Soviet submarines turned out to be at a high level and were not inferior to foreign ones, and in some respects even surpassed them. The new submarines were subjected to very tough tests, and
On October 12, 1931, Narodovolets became part of the Navy. In 1933, the White Sea-Baltic Canal came into operation. The opening of navigation along this largest waterway in our country (length 226 km) made it possible to transfer some ships from the Baltic Sea to the Northern Maritime Theater. In accordance with the order of the People's Commissar of Defense dated April 15, all three D-type submarines were transferred to the North, where they became the first submarines of the young Northern military flotilla. On August 5, 1933, all three boats were included in this flotilla.
In 1939, the famous Soviet pilot V.K. Kokkinaki took a non-stop flight from Moscow across the North Atlantic to the USA on a Moscow plane. To support this flight, the Northern Fleet command allocated the submarines Shch-402, Shch-403, Shch-404 and D-2. When performing this task, the submariners ascended to high latitudes, using the navigation experience of D-3 (“Red Guard”). For the development of the northern maritime theater, a large group of North Sea residents were awarded orders. D-2 commander L.M. Reisner was awarded the Order of Lenin. Before the Great Patriotic War, on September 22, 1939, D-2 returned to Leningrad for major repairs and modernization and in August 1941 was included in the Baltic Fleet. The crew of the boat met the Great Patriotic War at the Baltic Shipyard. The submariners shared the hardships of the blockade winter of 1941-1942 with the Leningraders. The submarine under the command of Captain 3rd Rank R.V. Lindenberg made its first combat mission from September 23 to November 4, 1942, and the very next day it fell into an anti-submarine net. They gave full speed ahead while simultaneously blowing out the main ballast tanks.
The boat surfaced, but did not get rid of the net. For two nights (during the day they dived so that the enemy would not discover the boat), the emergency party cut steel cables in rough weather in cold weather. The work was led by Lieutenant Commander S.N. Bogorad (later commander of the Baltic Shch-310, Hero of the Soviet Union). D-2 broke into the Southern Baltic, torpedoed and sank the transport Jakubus Fritzen (4090 brt) off the island of Bornholm, and five days later attacked a convoy, which included two railway ferries carrying Wehrmacht soldiers. One of these ferries, the Deutschland (2972 GRT), was seriously damaged, killing more than 600 soldiers and officers. The boat was being chased anti-submarine ships, within four hours 48 depth charges were dropped on her, but D-2 returned safely to Leningrad, where she was met by the Navy Commander-in-Chief Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov himself. In total, the boat’s combat record included 12 torpedo attacks and four enemy transports. During the war, D-2 made 4 military campaigns (from September 23 to November 4, 1942, October 2 to October 30, 1944, from December 12, 1944 to January 20, 1945 and from April 20 to May 18, 1945) .
After the end of the war, D-2 continued to serve in the Baltic. In the post-war period, in 1953-1954, the boat participated in testing microclimate systems. We are talking about a unique experiment carried out in connection with the creation of the first Soviet nuclear submarine, Project 627. The nuclear power plant made it possible to significantly increase the duration of autonomous underwater navigation. But at the same time, the problem arose of ensuring the habitability of the ship - creating conditions on it to preserve the health and performance of the personnel.
In June 1956, the submarine was taken out of fleet service, disarmed and reorganized into a survivability training station (UTS-6). In its new capacity, the D-2 was successfully used until 1987, providing submariners with training in methods of fighting fire and water, as well as techniques for escaping from a sunken submarine.
In 1989, the USSR government adopted a special resolution on the creation of a memorial complex dedicated to the submarine heroes of the Great Patriotic War, scientists, designers and shipbuilders. This memorial complex was developed on the basis of the submarine D-2. Technical documentation for restoration work was developed by the Central Design Bureau of Marine Equipment of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "CDB MT "Rubin" (E.V. Butuzov, V.P. Semenov, K.Z. Saravaisky), and the main volume of restoration and restoration work was carried out by the Baltic Shipyard. The scientific development of the exhibition project and its architectural and artistic design were carried out by employees of the Central Naval Museum.
Unlike similar memorial boats of the Pacific and Northern Fleet it was decided to restore the equipment, instruments and mechanisms (some of them operational) in the compartments as they were during the period of combat use of the submarine. The exception was the battery pits, from which the batteries were unloaded, and the pits themselves were used to house the exhibition.
Among the museum ships of Russia and other countries, the submarine D-2 “Narodovolets” occupies a special place. This is noted by numerous visitors and foreign specialists. The uniqueness of the submarine is that during its construction at the Baltic Shipyard (1927-1931) there was no electric welding, and therefore now you can see a riveted durable hull. In fact, all components and assemblies (including a diesel engine from the German company MAN) have been recreated, which allows you to feel the conditions in which Soviet submariners lived and served in combat. Most of all, of course, visitors are struck by the terrible, as it seems to them, cramped conditions and unsuitability of the boat’s compartments for life.
On September 2, 1994, the Navy flag was once again solemnly raised on the submarine D-2 (“Narodovolets”) and a museum exhibition was opened. The celebrations on this occasion were attended by V.V. Putin, Admiral I.V. Kasatonov, Vice Admiral V.V. Grishanov, Rear Admiral L.D. Chernavin, Head of the Central Naval Museum, Captain 1st Rank E.N. .Korchagin and others. The memorial complex became a remarkable monument to the history of the Russian fleet and submarine shipbuilding; the life of one of the first domestic submarines continued. Scientific conferences, exhibitions and meetings of veteran submariners are held in the museum halls of the complex.
The TsVMM branch on the submarine D-2 "Narodovolets" is not only a bearer of naval combat history - it is also a cultural center. For example, in the onshore building of the memorial complex, where the control and engineering post is located, there is a conference room. Various events are constantly held there.
Today, this work was carried out in accordance with the preparation programs for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Russian submarine forces, the 75th anniversary of the D-2 Narodovolets submarine and the 300th anniversary of the Central Naval Museum (2009).
This unique ship museum is staffed by people who are in love with the history of the glorious Russian ship. submarine fleet: captain 1st rank reserve senior Researcher L. A. Nesterov, retired captain 1st rank, junior researcher B. A. Arkhipov, retired captain 1st rank R. V. Ryzhikov, captain 3rd rank reserve engineer A. G. Laskov, who at one time served on diesel and nuclear submarines of the Northern, Pacific and Baltic fleets.
The employees of T.V. Nosova, N.G. Frolova, M.V. Kornilov, who take an active part in organizing excursions and maintaining the museum in excellent condition, deserve kind words.
MAIN TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL ELEMENTSSUBMARINE D-2 (“NARODOVOLETS”)
- Displacement, t: surface - 940, underwater - 1360.
- Length, m - 76.6.
- Maximum width, m - 6.4.
- Draft, m - 3.6.
- Speed, knots: surface - 14.6, underwater - 9.5.
- Autonomy, days - 40.
- Maximum immersion depth, m - 90.
- Crew; people - 53.
- Weapons:
- torpedo - 8-533 mm torpedo tubes, 14 torpedoes,
- artillery - 1-102 mm and 1-45 mm gun.
SUBMARINE COMMANDERS"NARODOVOLETS"- D 2
- Vorobyov Vladimir Semenovich - 1928-1931
- Nazarov Mikhail Kuzmich - 1931-1932
- Reisner Lev Mikhailovich - 1932-1937
- Datchenko Gabriel Grigorievich - 1937-1938
- Zhukov Arkady Alekseevich - 1938-1939
- Zaidulitt Izmail Magigulovich - 1939-1940
- Lindenberg Roman Vladimirovich - 1940-1945
- Alexandrov Valentin Petrovich - 1945-1947
- Kovalenko Georgy Danilovich - 1947-1948
- Egorov Sergey Grigorievich - 1948-1949
- Andashev Viktor Petrovich - since 1949
- Khomich Ivan Markovich - 1951-1955
- Ananiev Vsevolod Ivanovich - 1955
- Krylov Yuri Alexandrovich - 1955-1956
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