The Republic of Komi (Komi Komi Republic) is a republic within the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, part of the North-West Federal. Sights of the Komi Republic, noteworthy places in the Urals. presentation for the lesson on Pr

Every year on August 22, the Komi people celebrate the formation of their national Republic (more precisely, the Komi-Zyryans, who differ from the Komi-Permyaks living in the Komi-Permyatsky autonomous region). On this day, solemn meetings, festive concerts and mass celebrations are held in many cities of the region, anniversary education of the Komi Republic. Officially, this region became part of Russia in the 15th century, but until the October Revolution of 1917, the territory where the Komi lived was part of various provinces - Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Vyatka. The Komi people got the opportunity to find their own region after in November 1917 the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia.

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It is very important to acquaint children with their small Motherland. Knowledge of history, what your republic is proud of is the basis of true patriotism.

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Sights of the Komi Republic, noteworthy places in the Urals. (part 1)

KOMI area of ​​the republic is 416.8 thousand km2, which is comparable to the area of ​​such European states like France, Germany, Poland. As of January 1, 2012, the population of the republic was about 890 thousand people. 77% of this number are urban residents (Vorkuta, Vuktyl, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Syktyvkar, Usinsk, Ukhta).

VORKUTA is a city beyond the Arctic Circle in the north of the Komi Republic. It is located in the permafrost zone, in the tundra. Translated from the Nenets, the name of the city means "Bear's Corner". This is true even now in the sense that getting to Vorkuta is quite difficult. There is no road here yet. You can get to Vorkuta only by train or plane.

The name of the city is given by the river Vorkuta (originally - Varkuta-yakha, which is translated from the Nenets language as "a river teeming with bears" (vark - a brown bear (Nenetsk.)). A city in Russia, located in the north of the Komi Republic, on the western slopes of the Polyarny Urala, on the Vorkuta River, located beyond the Arctic Circle, in the permafrost zone, it is the third most populated city in the world located above the Arctic Circle.

Yarega You probably know that our country is one of the world leaders in oil-producing states. There are many deposits of this "black gold" in our country. But what do we know about the methods of extracting this mineral? Basically, oil is extracted by drilling wells, from which, roughly speaking, gas and a fountain of liquid oil then break out. This method of production is typical for low-density oil, or, simply speaking, liquid. Is there any other oil? - you ask. There is! And they extract it, like solid minerals (ore, coal) in mines. And the first of them on the territory of our country began to work in Yarega.

VOTCHA is one of the oldest settlements in the Komi Republic. Archaeologists have discovered the remains of ancient settlements near the village, indicating that people lived here even before the 10th-11th centuries. In total, the Votchinsky archaeological complex includes three monuments of different times: the settlements of Gul-Chun, Karyyil and the Votchinsky burial ground. Archaeologists have made many finds here, including silver items.

VILGORT - Vylgort is an ancient village, the administrative center of the Syktyvda region, located near the capital of the Komi Republic - the city of Syktyvkar. And although the village is not administratively connected with Syktyvkar, in fact it is its suburb. The first written mention of Vylgort dates back to 1586. The village was formed from the merger of several villages. Translated from the Komi language, "Vyl Gort" means "new home".

Monument of architecture The main attraction of Vylgort is a very beautiful wooden building elementary school built in 1913. In 1999, the Museum of History and Culture of the Syktyvdinsky District was opened in this building.

In 2008, the center of folk crafts "Zaran" was opened in Vylgort. Here you can learn many interesting folk crafts.

Zavalinka In the summer, in July, in the center of the village on Yubileinaya Square, it has become a tradition to hold festivals of performers of the folk song "Zavalinka". Where eminent bands and singers come from many regions of Russia, Moscow and abroad.

Izhma From time immemorial, the Izhma people went out on one of the white July nights to “walk in the meadows”. The holiday was called so: Lud, that is, "meadow". The Lud holiday includes round dances and round dance games, some of them are “Kyk row”, “Orchchon sulalom”, “Krugon with a pile”, “Kuimon”, etc. The population feels unity in the general round dance, the ringleaders of which are amateur performances. This holiday has the status of the Republican Komi, included in the list of 11 wonders of the Komi Republic.

LUD From time immemorial, the Izhma people went out on one of the white summer nights “ludyn voilyny” (“to walk in the meadows”). This tradition ended in the mid-1930s. They resumed the festivities only sixty years later, in 1997. At ten o'clock in the evening, tribal and family bonfires are lit on the freshly cut part of the festive meadow. By this time, all Izhma villages and villages are building mini-farmsteads, representing the features of the local way of life. Sizyabsk, a traditional reindeer herding village, puts up a tent. Mohcha and Gam, famous for their horses, organize horse races. In the Krasnoborsk courtyard, which also unites residents of the villages of Vertep and Diyur, they demonstrate their values: healing blue clay, “living” water and miracle brooms.

Ust-Tsilma is a large village on the Pechora River, located in the north of the Komi Republic. The village was founded by Novgorodians in 1542. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. A large number of Old Believers moved to Ust-Tsilma, fleeing the persecution of the authorities. Up to the present time rich folklore traditions of the Russian North have been preserved in Ust-Tsilma.

"Red Hill", which in 2004 was awarded the status of a republican holiday. This is a bright colorful celebration, a spring-summer ritual holiday. held from St. John's Day to St. Peter's Day (from July 7 to 12). According to folklorists, it is here that this holiday has been preserved to this day in full live ritual action.

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Sights of the Komi Republic, noteworthy places in the Urals. (part 2)

Ural Manaraga is one of the highest and most beautiful mountain peaks of the Subpolar Urals. Manaraga looks from afar, like a heavily dissected comb. Its height is 1662 meters above sea level. The name of the mountain comes from the Nenets words "mana" and "rakha" - "like a bear's paw". Indeed, the dissected crest of the mountain resembles a clawed bear's paw.

Ural Mountain Narodnaya (emphasis on the first syllable) is the highest point of the Ural Mountains. A mountain almost two thousand meters above sea level is located in a remote area in the Subpolar Urals. The history of the origin of the name of this key Ural attraction is not an easy one. Serious disputes have been boiling over among scientists for a long time about the name of the mountain. According to one version, the peak, discovered just on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the revolution, was named after the Soviet people - Narodnaya (with an emphasis on the second syllable).

The ghost town of Khalmer-Yu is probably the only ghost town in the Urals. Here, in a beautiful place in the middle of the tundra, near the Ural mountains, there are apartment buildings, administrative buildings and industrial facilities forever abandoned by people. Urban trip lovers will feel like they are in paradise here. After the closure of the village, the territory is used as a military training ground under the code name "Pemboi".

The village of Graddor is located not far from the capital of the Komi Republic - the city of Syktyvkar - on the territory of the Syktyvdinsky district, belongs to the Shoshkinsky village council. The first mention of the village of Graddor dates back to 1719. The name of the first settler of the village is known - he was Ivan Anisimovich Savinov, a native of Shoshki. The most famous native of Graddor is the commander Dmitry Georgievich Dubrovsky. For his military exploits, he received many high awards.

The small village of Zelenets near the capital of the Komi Republic - Syktyvkar - is interesting for its old, abandoned church. The village stretched along the left bank of the Vychegda River. On the opposite bank of the village, on the right bank of the Vychegda, there is an archaeological site. Archaeologists have discovered a settlement here that dates back to the 9th century. Scientists attributed the finds discovered here to the Vanvizda culture. They can be seen in the Museum of Ethnography and Archeology of Syktyvkar University.

Zelenets The village was first mentioned in documents in 1586. Its original name was Shordoryag, which means "near the forest river." The toponym "Zelenets" means an island on the river without arable land. Probably meant an island located just below the village. In the past, the village of Zelenets was a well-known center for the manufacture of wooden household utensils.

Knyazhpogost (Emva) The village of Knyazhpogost is located to the north of the capital of the Komi Republic, the city of Syktyvkar. Apparently, in the distant past, this place was the residence of the Vym princes who ruled Perm Vychegodskaya, which is why such a toponym arose. This is one of the oldest settlements on the Vym River. Archaeological finds indicate that people have lived here for a long time. Near the village, traces of an ancient fortified settlement with ramparts and ditches were found.

Konstantin Rokossovsky - was serving a sentence in Knyazhpogost. In the recent past, it was one of the islands of the Gulag archipelago. It was the prisoners who built the tract Syktyvkar - Knyazhpogost and railway. In the village of Zheleznodorozhny, the administration of Sevzheldorlag was located. The northern railway camp existed from 1938 to 1950, the number of prisoners reached 85 thousand people.

Losefarm of the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve In 1946, news spread around the inhabitants of the Troitsko-Pechora region. In the taiga open spaces in the upper reaches of the Pechora, hunters, collective farmers, and ordinary residents are involved in trapping moose. Soon long-legged good-natured animals could be seen outside the enclosures in the local village of Yaksha. In 1949, there were already 11 domesticated elk calves. Thus, a moose farm was born in the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve - the only one in the world.

Losefarm

Yugyd-Va - national park We present to your attention the largest national park in Russia, which is also included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as the "Virgin Komi Forests". It is truly huge - its territories are spread over three districts of the Komi Republic at once: Inta, Vuktyl and Pechora and occupy the western spurs of the Northern and Subpolar Urals.

Pillars of weathering As soon as they do not call this beautiful and mysterious place of the Northern Urals: Man-Pupu-Ner, Man-Pupyg-Ner, Bolvano-Iz, Mansi boobs ... Tourists usually call them briefly - "Navel". Translated from the Mansi language, "Man-Pupu-Ner" means "Small mountain of idols". There are seven of these remains. Six pillars lined up on a flat plateau in a row, and one stands a little to the side. Their height is from 30 to 42 meters. All of them have bizarre outlines. For the Mansi, this place has long been considered holy, they forbade going here.

Ulyanovsk Trinity Stefanovsky Monastery is one of the oldest in the Komi Republic. According to legend, it was founded by Stephen of Perm in 1385, but then it did not last long. By the way, also according to legend, in ancient times, in this place in the Vychegda River, the girl Ulyaniya drowned, fleeing from enemies. Locality in this place was named after her.

The small village of Ust-Vym in the Komi Republic is very interesting for its history and architecture. The village is the administrative center of the Ust-Vymsky district of the Komi Republic. It is located near the confluence of the Vychegda and Vym rivers. In 1380, the missionary Stephen, now known as Stephen of Perm, arrived in this place. He promoted Orthodoxy and fought against paganism.

village with unusual name Yb is one of the most popular places for tourists and pilgrims coming to the Komi Republic. This major center ethnographic tourism. The village is located on the high left bank of the Sysola River. Rural settlement Yb consists of 13 villages, standing on seven hills, stretched along the Sysola River for about 15 kilometers.

The Finno-Ugric ethno-cultural park is a thematic cultural and educational complex located in the village of Yb, Syktyvdinsky district. The main idea of ​​the Finno-Ugric ethnocultural entertainment complex consists in the presence of ethno-cultural coloring in the basis of its activity, in relation to the facts of the history of the Komi and other Finno-Ugric peoples, to cultural traditions and requests modern population Republic and its guests.


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KOMI REPUBLIC

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Komi Republic - a republic in the composition Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation, is part of the North-Western federal district.
The Komi Republic is located to the west of the Ural Mountains, in the extreme northeast of the European part of the Russian Federation.

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The Republic of Komi was formed on August 22, 1921 as an autonomous region - JSC Komi (Zyryan); May 26, 1992 was transformed into a republic within Russia - the Komi Republic.

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Flag of the Komi Republic

The blue color symbolizes the clear sky, the majesty and boundlessness of the north. Green color is a symbol of taiga expanses and forest riches. The white stripe on the flag reminds us that the territory of the Komi Republic belongs to the North. It embodied the whiteness and purity of snow, the harsh beauty of northern nature.

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STATE SYMBOLS OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC
The coat of arms depicts a golden silhouette bird of prey on a red heraldic shield, and on her chest is the face of a woman framed by six elk heads. The bird is depicted on the rise and personifies statehood and power, which are called upon to protect the Motherland and the people, to promote their development and prosperity. The open wings of the bird signify the hospitality of the republic. The face of a woman on the chest of a bird resembles the image of Zarni An (Golden Woman), who gives life to the solar goddess, the mother of the world. The image of an elk is associated with the idea of ​​strength, nobility, beauty.
Coat of arms of the Komi Republic

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State anthem of the Komi Republic (in Russian) North, our native land, Your snows are deep, Your winds are cold, Your taiga is high! We are carried through the centuries Falcon wings. Komi region, your fate is blessed and bright!
STATE SYMBOLS OF THE KOMI REPUBLIC
The national anthem of the Komi Republic is the official solemn song. The anthem is a symbol of democratic rule of law, the unity of its multinational people, the preservation of the traditions of national culture.

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Syktyvkar is the capital and largest city of the Komi Republic. The city was founded in 1780. All government agencies authorities, Supreme Court Republic of Komi.

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Syktyvkar is the public and business center of the Komi Republic. It is also an industrial center in the north of Russia. The city has about 40 large industrial enterprises, one third of which is of national importance.

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Vorkuta - the city of "permafrost"
The city of Vorkuta is located in the permafrost zone, just 140 kilometers from the coast of the Arctic Ocean. In winter here - polar nights, and in summer - polar days. You can see the northern lights in the sky of Vorkuta!

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The largest cities of the Komi Republic
Ukhta is a city of oil and gas workers.
Ukhta is located in areas equivalent to the regions of the Far North. The first oil production in Russia began in Ukhta.

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Slide text: In the old days, no family could do without a spinning wheel. Behind the spinning wheel and behind the torch, a significant part of a woman's life passed, right up to old age. And it is no coincidence that the old unknown masters tried to decorate the spinning wheel with carvings or paintings so that it would please the eye of a woman, so that monotonous work would not tire her so much.


Slide text: The northern spinning wheel, which existed in the Komi region, consists of a vertical leg with a blade to which the tow was attached, and a bottom (horizontal board for the seat). By design, spinning wheels can be divided into solid, or root (made entirely from the rhizome and tree trunk), and composite, in which the leg with the blade is attached to the bottom. The northern spinning wheel stands out for its size: its blade is greatly enlarged and this gives it a peculiar appearance. The shape of the blade is often rectangular, slightly expanded towards the bottom. There are spinning wheels, the blade of which resembles the shape of a leaf or an elongated oval. The legs are also different, more often than two options: straight tetrahedral and in the form of a curly fold. In some cases, the leg is decorated with an ornament that completes the decoration of the blade. There are undecorated spinning wheels: they performed only a functional role and were used within the same family. The rest of the spinning wheels can be divided into groups: painted, carved and combining painting and carving.


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Slide text: Undecorated, unadorned spinning wheels were made within the same family. For example, father - daughters, brother - sister, husband - wife, etc. The blades of spinning wheels with cupolas are called in Komi "pinya kozyal" ("pin" - tooth) and their legs are tetrahedral. In our area, the Komi-Izhemtsy call the spinning wheel - "goat", and in the southern regions of the Komi Republic - "pechkan".

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Slide text: Distaffs were decorated with contour carvings. The graphics of this thread are distinguished by the clarity and hardness of the lines. This type of carving was born gradually. And its beginning lies in magical notches-amulets, that is, in deep (pagan) antiquity. A rosette was often depicted. This is not an abstract pattern, not cut off from life, but an image of the sun - an ancient magical sign. This sign was called "solar", i.e. sunny. It is no coincidence that he is on a spinning wheel: the symbol of the sun is a wish for good and happiness at home. In the old days, it was this good sign that they liked to depict on a spinning blade. Spinning wheels were also decorated with the so-called trihedral-notched carving. Here the triangle plays an important role - the simplest geometric figure. The cutting depth is generally negligible. But in this way, the carvings received a very diverse pattern. The difference in notches gives the blade of the spinning wheel a rich texture.

The Republic of Komi (Komi Komi Republic) is a republic within the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, part of the Northwestern Federal District. It is located on the Pechora, Usa, Mezenki Rivers of the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of the Northwestern Federal District






Climate The climate is temperate continental. Winter is long and cold, summer is short, warm in the south, cool in the northern regions. Average temperature in January: 20 °C (in the northern part) and 17 °C (in the southern part) Average temperature in July: +11 °C (in the northern part) and +15…+17 °C (in the southern part) Precipitation: from 700 mm per year.


In the Middle Ages, the Komi lands were part of the possessions of the Novgorod Republic, at the end of the 15th century they were transferred to the Moscow principality. The most important commodity exported outside the territory was furs. Due to the harsh climate and the lack of year-round communications, the territory remained sparsely populated for a long time, although as early as the middle of the 18th century, artisanal oil production began in the area of ​​the Ukhta River.


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The Mountain of Stone Idols is covered with many legends about its origin, composed by local peoples. Despite the fact that geologists point to the natural origin of high stone layers, the object does not become less interesting. Huge pillars fascinate travelers who travel long distances along a beautiful but difficult road with their unusualness: it’s hard to believe that nature could, year after year, so carefully carve the stone guardians of the sources of the Pechora. It is said that sometimes it is possible to hear the noise coming from the stones, and a long stay near them can plunge even those who always enjoy life into depression. Mountain of Stone Idols


The Buredan waterfall is located 25 kilometers from the village and is the end of the cascade rapids on the Khalmeryu River. Cascades of rapids were formed during the passage of the river through the eastern spurs of the Pemboi Upland. The cascade of rapids stretches for a distance of 10 kilometers and is located in a picturesque gorge surrounded by high cliffs; the total height of the water fall is more than 10 meters



Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovich () a world famous sociologist and philosopher were born in the republic. Kuratov, Ivan Alekseevich Kuratov, Ivan Alekseevich () the founder of Komi literature, linguist, translator, Komi poet. Zhakov, Kallistrat Falaleevich Zhakov, Kallistrat Falaleevich () Komizyryansky ethnographer, philosopher, writer. Avramov, Ivan Ivanovich Avramov, Ivan Ivanovich () actor, theater director, People's Artist of the USSR (1976) People's Artist of the USSR 1976 Sidorova, Glafira Petrovna Sidorova, Glafira Petrovna (b. 1922) theater actress, People's Artist of the USSR (1980). Leontiev, Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev, Valery Yakovlevich (b. 1949) Soviet and Russian pop singer.

 

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