All types of greenhouses and sizes. Types of greenhouses and their photos. Application of metal pipes

Many owners of private houses dream of having a greenhouse on their plots. This agrotechnical facility will help the owners provide their family with greens and some types of vegetables already in late spring or early summer. Well, some greenhouse designs, involving heating and lighting systems, are used to grow crops all year round.

A do-it-yourself greenhouse can be built of wood and brick in combination with metal elements, have a frame structure, for example, made of lightweight metal-plastic pipes.

When implementing the idea, the place where the greenhouse will be installed is first determined. The size of the future structure directly depends on its area.

Next, you need to decide when this structure will be used - only in the spring or throughout the year. If the “winter” option is chosen, then you need to know that the construction will cost much more, since it will require more materials, and it will also be necessary to carry out lighting, heating, plumbing and ventilation.

Then, it is necessary to choose the material of manufacture and the type of greenhouse construction. To focus on one of them, several of the most commonly used options will be considered.

The design of greenhouses, in principle, is not very complicated, so any owner of the site can build it on their own. To do this, you only need to prepare the material and tools. Greenhouses can be divided into types, based on various criteria - this is the material of manufacture, the shape of the structure, whether it will be stationary or temporary.

Greenhouse covering material

Several different types of materials are used to cover greenhouses. They should be transparent, may have shades favorable for plant growth. For example, which has become especially popular recently, sometimes not only colorless transparent is chosen, but also a yellowish or green tint.

KINPLAST offers high quality cellular polycarbonate for greenhouses. The material has excellent technical and operational characteristics. KINPLAST is the leading manufacturer of polycarbonate in the domestic market. The line of cellular polycarbonate includes brands such as WOGGEL - a material created in collaboration with foreign colleagues; SKYGLASS is a versatile polycarbonate with excellent affordable price; as well as specially designed grades of polycarbonate for use in agriculture AgroTITAN.

Often glass is used to cover the walls and roof of the greenhouse. In terms of its structural structure and transparency, it is excellent for this room, but for the installation of glazing, it is necessary to create a particularly reliable, durable frame structure, since this material has a considerable weight. Capital winter greenhouses are sometimes erected from metal-plastic frames and double-glazed windows, but such a structure will be extremely expensive.

Another option that is most often used to cover greenhouses is plastic wrap. It can be used for pulling on a frame erected from any material, as it has a very small mass. Recently, a special reinforced film has appeared on sale, which is more durable, and it is easier to fix it on the frame crate.

To determine the choice of material, you need to carefully study its performance characteristics, which are presented in this table:

Material evaluation parameters	Cellular polycarbonate	Glass	Film
Miniature
Mount and weight	It is light in weight and can be used in certain structures without additional frame elements, as well as without a foundation.	Glass has the heaviest weight compared to other covering materials, and when choosing it, it will be necessary to think over a reliable frame installed on the foundation.	Polyethylene has a very small mass, but requires special fastening. If the material is not reinforced, then it is fixed to the frame through special rails and additionally fixed with thin stretched ropes.
Durability	Polycarbonate as a greenhouse cover can last 18÷25 years, depending on its quality. This material is flexible and has sufficient rigidity to be an element of a self-supporting structure. Fixed to the frame, it does not deform and does not warp.	Glass can last a long time, as it is not affected by ultraviolet rays and moisture. On the other hand, glass is a brittle and inflexible material, therefore it does not tolerate mechanical stress, heavy loads and deformation of the frame structure.	Polyethylene has the shortest service life compared to other coating materials, as it is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, from which it gradually collapses. In addition, it cannot be called resistant to temperature extremes.
Noise isolation	Cellular polycarbonate well muffles the noise of wind and rain, thanks to its structure.	If the installation of the material is performed poorly, then during a strong wind gusts of air can penetrate inside, and the glass will ring.	The film will not protect the greenhouse from noise, and if the wind is very strong, the material will rustle a lot in the wind.
Appearance	Polycarbonate gives the building an aesthetic appearance and is able to make an ordinary greenhouse a real decoration of the territory.	Properly installed glass will give the greenhouse a neat appearance.	The film looks neat and remains transparent only for the first season of its use, and even then - not always. Then, under the influence of the sun, temperature changes and wind, it becomes cloudy and loses its aesthetic appearance and light transmission.
Safety	Polycarbonate has high strength, exceeding that of glass by about 200 times, and also lighter by about 15 times. When falling, the material does not break and cannot injure people inside or near the greenhouse with fragments.	Poorly installed glass is extremely dangerous for people working inside. In addition, if the fragments fall into the soil of the greenhouse, then you can seriously injure yourself during the subsequent tillage. Therefore, if the installation of glass is planned, then it is recommended to entrust its installation to professional craftsmen.	It is completely safe for people and for the soil of the greenhouse.
Care	It is easy to take care of this material - it is enough to wash it with water, setting a strong pressure in the hose. However, it should be noted that the dust on the surface of the polycarbonate is almost invisible, so the greenhouse does not have to be washed often enough.	Traces of raindrops remain on the glass, and dust is also well retained. To get rid of dirt on the surface, you need to make a lot of physical effort. It is especially uncomfortable and dangerous to carry out cleaning activities on the greenhouse roof.	The plastic film is not washed, because after wet cleaning, stains remain on it, and it becomes cloudy, which makes it difficult for the full penetration of light inside. The only way out in case of severe pollution is a complete replacement of the film.
Created microclimate	Polycarbonate is able to reliably thermally insulate the greenhouse and protect plants from the wind. Vapors deposited on the inner surfaces flow down them into the soil. In addition, the material not only perfectly transmits light, but also makes it softer and more diffused. The heat generated by the soil and plants is reliably stored indoors, which creates the greenhouse effect.	Glass is not able to create high thermal insulation, if it is not metal-plastic structures with double-glazed windows. The material perfectly transmits light, but does not scatter it, and sometimes even focuses on a specific bed, which is extremely harmful to plant leaves.	A dense new polyethylene film is capable of creating high thermal insulation, but over the season, under the influence of temperatures, sun and wind, it becomes thinner and loses its original qualities. Therefore, it is recommended that the film coating be changed every year.

After weighing all the "pluses" and "minuses" of materials, as well as taking into account the design of the intended structure, it will be possible to make a choice of the type of coating.

Greenhouse structures

Greenhouses have various designs - it can be a spacious room or just a large box covered with a glazed frame. Structures are also used, half of their height going into the ground. It will be possible to stop your choice on one of the varieties only after the owner understands the features of each.

The simplest greenhouse design, which can be built from improvised materials, consists of a conventional box, for example, 2000 × 1500 mm in size, assembled from boards and installed in a favorable area adjoining territory. For such a greenhouse, old ones are often used as a roof.

Such greenhouses are usually used for growing seedlings or greenery from early spring to late autumn.

Another option that is simple and affordable in the construction of a greenhouse is a simple frame structure made of metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes, fittings, and sometimes even thick steel wire, covered with plastic wrap.

If plastic pipes are chosen for the greenhouse, then the frame of them can even be made women's hands, since this material bends quite easily and keeps its shape well.

A similar version of the greenhouse can be used throughout the spring-summer season, from spring to late autumn. The convenience of the design lies in the fact that by planting seeds under the film, for example, tomatoes, after germination and strengthening, the seedlings can not be transplanted. It is simply thinned out, and when a stable and comfortable temperature for plants is established on the street, the film is removed from the structure, opening the free flow of air and sunlight. In very hot weather, a special mesh can be quickly thrown over the created frame, creating partial shade, but allowing light to penetrate to the plants in the right places.

A more complex structure, which is assembled from a wooden beam and covered with a film, can also be used throughout the spring-summer season. The dimensions of such a greenhouse can be different - they vary on how many seedlings are planned to be planted, and taking into account the convenience of the gardener.

In this design, a swivel roof is necessarily provided for access to the plants of sunlight and air. This is also a seasonal version of the structure, and it is advisable to use it only for growing seedlings, since in stable summer temperatures it is recommended to grow vegetables and herbs in open ground.

Video: homemade greenhouse on a wooden frame with film coating

If you want to grow a small amount of greenery or seedlings, then you can make a greenhouse from a metal barrel, in which slots are made in the form of windows. A transparent polyethylene film is used as a roof in this design - it can be removed at any time by opening access to air, and if necessary, closed so that the night coolness of the off-season does not harm the plants.

A more complex greenhouse design, in which it is already possible to install moderate heating and start using it in the very early spring. It consists of a wooden or metal-plastic frame. This is already a full-fledged room, and in it not only plants, but also the gardener will be protected from wind and low temperatures. Such a greenhouse can be covered with a very dense plastic film or cellular polycarbonate. When creating a pipe structure, you need to remember that it will turn out to be quite light, and a strong wind can move it from its place, damaging the seedlings, therefore, to bind it to a place, it is necessary to drive metal corners or reinforcement into the ground.

An interesting solution - the frame of the greenhouse is welded from very inexpensive polypropylene pipes and accessories for them.

The capital structure of the greenhouse, equipped with heating and irrigation, can be used throughout the year. In order for such a greenhouse to work effectively, it is usually made of metal-plastic or aluminum structures and double-glazed windows, which are installed on the foundation.

This greenhouse is already a real capital structure

To make it easier to provide heating and water delivery to the greenhouse, quite often such structures are attached to the southern wall of the house. In this case, the building will serve as a kind of winter garden, which at any time of the year will delight the owners not only with fresh vegetables and herbs, but also with the color of ornamental plants.

Sometimes greenhouses are attached to the south side of the house, and they become real "winter gardens"

Another option for a winter greenhouse, the design of which helps to save on heating, is a room that extends half its height into the ground. This building, due to its high energy-saving qualities, is often called a "thermos greenhouse". To achieve the desired effect, a foundation pit is dug for this greenhouse, going deep into the ground by 1600 ÷ 2000 mm. Additionally, walls 500 ÷ 700 mm high are erected above the soil surface, and then the entire structure is covered with a frame made of timber or a metal corner.

The work on the construction of a building is quite laborious and lengthy, but during its operation it will be possible to save enough on its heating system. One of the important points in the construction of a thermos greenhouse is the arrangement of not only a heating system, but also effective ventilation.

greenhouse roof shape

The next criterion by which greenhouses are subdivided is the shape of the roof. Insolation largely depends on this, that is, high-quality lighting of the room, and hence the creation of optimal conditions for growing plants.

gable roof

Greenhouses with a gable roof can most often be found in suburban areas, since it is this form that contributes to the effective illumination of the room from above. On condition right location greenhouses, the sun will “work” all day from sunrise to sunset, promoting plant growth.

"Classic" option - gable roof

Therefore, this design is often used to create winter options for greenhouses, since at this time of the year the plants experience a shortage of sunlight.

arched structure

Arched structures are made of metal-plastic pipes or metal elements. The first is usually covered with a polyethylene film, and the second option is most often covered with polycarbonate. Metal structures can be purchased at ready-made, and they will only have to collect on the site. Well, a frame made of metal-plastic pipes is quite easy to make on your own.

The convenience of such a greenhouse lies not only in its maximum illumination, but also in the fact that snow masses and water do not accumulate on the arched roof, which means that the coating will not be subject to deformation due to heavy load. Again, it will not be necessary to climb to a height to remove snow from its surface.

shed roof

One of the common options for a "serious" greenhouse is a strip foundation.

Under it, according to the marking, a trench digs, having a depth and width of 300 mm.
Since the walls of the greenhouse are not as heavy as those of residential buildings, a foundation depth of 300 mm is sufficient to withstand relatively small loads.
Above the ground, the base can be raised to a height of 200 to 500 mm, depending on whether the foundation will serve as walls or they will be made of brick.
A sand cushion 50 ÷ 70 mm thick is laid and rammed into the finished trench, a layer of the same thickness is poured on top of it, and crushed stone is distributed.
A formwork of boards and timber is fixed along the trench, into which roofing material is laid, which will become an excellent waterproofing for the foundation.
In the next step, the formwork is filled with concrete, it is distributed, and then pierced with a bayonet spade and gently tapped on the formwork to remove air from the solution.
If the frame will be made of a metal corner or it will be needed to fix the wooden bars, then sometimes the support posts or pieces of the corner can be immediately embedded in the foundation.

The basis for the greenhouse-thermos

For a thermos greenhouse, it is necessary to dig a deep enough pit, and if it is planned to arrange an agrotechnical structure of a large area, you will have to use specialized equipment, since such manual work will take a lot of time.

After marking the site, it is recommended to remove the top layer of fertile soil from it. After removing the soil, they pile it up, because it is perfect for laying a finished greenhouse in the beds.
When digging a pit, among the layers, you can stumble upon clay, which also should not be mixed with the rest of the soil, as it can be useful for waterproofing walls or making adobe blocks for warming a greenhouse.
The pit is deepened so that the gardener working in the greenhouse feels free, and there is a lot of free space above him. In order to maintain the desired temperature in the greenhouse, and the soil does not freeze, it is recommended to deepen the pit by about 2000 mm.

If the pit is not deep enough, then you will have to raise the side walls, as it will be ideal when the total height of the pit will correspond to the growth of the gardener.

The width of the greenhouse is usually from two to five meters. If the room is made wider, then it will quickly cool down, and a large amount of electricity will be required for lighting and heating. In addition, the construction of a transparent dome would be too complicated.
When digging a foundation pit, a descent ramp is arranged on one side of it, where, along with the erection of walls, a ladder of several steps and an entrance door to the greenhouse will be installed.
To begin work on ennobling the walls, a base is made under them. To do this, a trench is dug around the perimeter inside the pit. After that, a formwork is arranged in it and in the same way as in the case already considered, a strip foundation is poured.
After the foundation is ready, you can proceed to lining the walls with bricks or foam blocks. When laying in the opposite direction from front door one or two ventilation pipes are immediately installed on the wall, at a height of 400 ÷ 500 mm from the floor.

The ventilation pipe is brought out and raised above the ground by 1000 ÷ 1500 mm.

Separately, it must be said about the masonry, since in this case, it is produced in a special way.

- To save on insulation, instead of bricks or foam blocks, which are not cheap, you can use clay extracted from the pit, which is mixed with chopped straw and adobe bricks are formed from this mixture.

- If there is no desire to waste time, and there is an opportunity to purchase foam blocks, which are called fixed formwork, then you can immediately get "bricks with insulation." The blocks are hollow, and they are filled as they are installed on top of each other with concrete mortar. Choosing the latter option, you will need to separate the foam wall from the soil surface of the pit with roofing felt or plastic wrap.

After the solution in the blocks hardens, a film or roofing material is hooked onto it, and the gap remaining between the waterproofing material and the soil wall of the pit is filled with clay or a mixture of clay and soil, and when filling, it is periodically tamped.

- If a brick is chosen for wall decoration, then it is insulated from the outside with the help of foam, which is mounted between the brick and soil wall. Thermal insulation material must also be protected or roofing material. The resulting gap, as in the first case, is filled with soil.

If the walls rise above the ground by 400 ÷ 600 mm, then they also need to be insulated and waterproofed. If desired, the wall protruding above the ground can be finished decorative coating- it can be clinker tiles or plastic lining for outdoor use.
If the walls are not high, then after waterproofing they can be sprinkled with a layer of expanded clay, which is covered from above with corrugated board, fixed to the top of the wall. The corrugated board will provide an outflow of water that will drain from the greenhouse cover and keep the walls dry.

wooden foundation

Another material for the foundation can be wood, or rather, a wooden beam, having a section size of 100 × 150 or 150 × 150 mm. Such a foundation is suitable for a greenhouse that is used seasonally - from spring to autumn.

In order for such a foundation to serve for a long time, the wood must be treated with antiseptic and water-repellent compounds and installed on a sandy, well-packed pillow. Another option is to raise it above the ground using concrete slabs.

Construction of a thermos greenhouse

The installation of all greenhouses takes place in different ways, depending on the type of construction and the period of use of the structure, since the "winter" options require a more thorough approach and additional functions. Probably, it is worth considering this, the most difficult option.

After the walls are ready, you can proceed to the installation of the frame under the greenhouse cover.
The frame is mounted from a metal profile or a wooden beam.

The first step is to attach a 100 × 150 mm beam to the walls of the greenhouse. Fixation is carried out by anchor fastenings or using embedded embedded elements.
The rafter system must be assembled from a bar of the same section as the strapping. To install the rafter legs on the harness, marking is carried out, since the rafter pairs must be distributed at the same distance from each other.
The rafters are fixed to the strapping with metal corners, and in the upper part they are interconnected using metal plates or using a ridge board.
Wooden bars of the crate are fixed to the rafters, but with a fairly large step. There should be no more than two or three of them for each slope so that they do not block the sunlight.
Polycarbonate sheets are laid on the crate, which are fixed to it with the help of special fasteners with bushings and rubber gaskets to prevent the possibility of leakage.

Having completed the fastening of the covering material to the slopes, it is mounted in the same way on the gable parts of the roof.
After that, the door frame and the door itself are installed. It is desirable that the door leaf also be equipped with a transparent insert.

Creating optimal conditions for plants in the greenhouse

Thermal insulation of the greenhouse

In a greenhouse with a gable roof, one of its slopes must necessarily go south. The second side inside the greenhouse is recommended to finish. Such a system will help not only to keep warm, but even increase the illumination inside the structure, since the sun, falling on the insulation foil, will be reflected into the room.

The insulation is fixed on the rafters with self-tapping screws, then it is bent onto the wall and glued to its surface using liquid nails. In the same way, all the walls of the greenhouse are insulated, only the transparent southern slope is left uninsulated, and the western end transparent side of the structure can be left.

It should be noted that foil polyethylene foam is an excellent vapor barrier membrane, and is able not only to enhance the lighting of the greenhouse, but also to keep water vapor and carbon dioxide inside it, which are the main nutrient medium for photosynthesis, which determines the growth and development of plants.

In order for the heat not to leave the greenhouse, it is necessary to create a reliable tightness of the greenhouse space. To do this, it is imperative to install doors or valves on the ventilation openings, on which it will be possible to set the desired gap as necessary or close them completely.

Greenhouse heating system

2. The coefficient of infiltration depends on the difference between the external and internal temperatures in the greenhouse. You can use the following table:

3. The temperature inside the greenhouse (indicated in the formula t1), is usually taken equal to:

For growing seedlings - + 25 ° С;
For the normal development of vegetable beds - + 18 ° С.

If some exotic plants are grown, then the corresponding values are taken.

4. Outside temperature ( t2) are taken based on the results of meteorological observations in a particular region - the minimum during the coldest week during the planned season of using the greenhouse.

5. Thermal conductivity indicators ( wtp), that is, the amount of thermal energy that is transferred to the outside by a coating of 1 m² with a temperature difference of 1 ° C, depends on the type of material and its thickness. The table below shows the values for the most commonly used materials for covering stationary greenhouses:

Material	Thermal conductivity (W/m²×°С)
Glass:
- thickness 4 mm;	5.82
- thickness 6 mm;	5.77
- thickness 8 mm;	5.71
Polycarbonate sheet monolithic:
- thickness 4 mm;	5.33
- thickness 6 mm;	5.09
- thickness 8 mm;	4.84
Polycarbonate honeycomb sheet:
- thickness 4 mm;	3.6
- thickness 6 mm;	3.5
- thickness 8 mm;	3.3
- thickness 10 mm;	3.0
- thickness 16 mm;	2.4

Having all the necessary data, it will not be difficult to calculate the required electric heating power of the greenhouse. Even easier - use the online calculator below.

Modern greenhouse structures or new generation greenhouses are becoming increasingly popular with gardeners and gardeners, due to the significant number of advantages and features of such structures. Most summer residents are gradually moving away from the construction of structures from improvised materials and give preference to fundamentally new greenhouse structures that can satisfy even the most demanding requirements of consumers.

General information

Modern greenhouses and greenhouses are characterized not only optimal dimensions, but also with an improved profile, which is used in the manufacturing process of the structure. The presence of distinctive characteristics allows you to optimize the selection of a greenhouse or a greenhouse for giving in strict accordance with the requirements that are imposed by agricultural technology for growing a certain type of plant. However, unshakable and common for all factory-made structures, there remains the presence of excellent protective properties, a high level of wear resistance and maximum ease of self-assembly.

Distinctive features of modern greenhouses are:

the ability of the structure to stably maintain the temperature regime necessary for growing, which is due to the presence of high-quality thermal insulation;
creation of optimal conditions for protection against excessive UV radiation without compromising the quality of illumination of the entire greenhouse area;
simple and easy operation of the greenhouse with a minimum need for maintenance, as well as the absence of requirements for dismantling in the winter;
a high degree of wear resistance of the structure and the ability to easily withstand frost, gusty winds and other negative external influences without the formation of corrosive changes and destruction;
fire safety of all materials and elements used in the manufacturing process of the greenhouse structure;
a high level of mobility of the structure and the ability to easily change the location of the greenhouse;
accessibility for a wide range of consumers and low cost of construction.

Types and types

Today, manufacturers produce several design options, which are designated as modern greenhouses and greenhouses for home gardening. The following types of modern greenhouses belong to the category of the most demanded buildings for summer cottages:

Detached double-sided greenhouse. The classic version is characterized efficient use space. Today, a variant with a solid bottom and a fully glazed type is produced.

Wall-mounted double-slope greenhouse. The optimal greenhouse structure for tall plants and grapes, due to the significant amount of light and excellent microclimatic conditions. Differs in rather high cost. You may be interested in the article.

Wall shed greenhouse. It is installed exclusively along the western or southern wall of a residential building. It is characterized by relatively low cost and ease of maintenance.

Dutch. The design is distinguished by the presence of side walls expanding downwards and a gable roof. This feature allows you to get the most warm and bright structure, which can be used to grow tall and climbing plants.

Modern polygonal greenhouse. This option is quite expensive and has six, seven or nine vertically arranged faces. Most often used for decorating a summer house or growing potted flower crops.

Dome-shaped version of the greenhouse. Another representative of decorative structures for decorating the landscape of a personal plot. Great option for flower growers, but the price is much higher than most standard greenhouse designs.

Modern. The most useful design for small summer cottages. It is most often used as an unheated greenhouse structure and requires careful selection of varieties and ripening dates for planted garden crops.

Building a modern greenhouse (video)

Unusual designs

Tropical or heated greenhouse

It can be used for growing garden crops all year round. Requires the installation of a heating system and lamps for additional lighting of the greenhouse space. The optimal design option for tropical plants and horticultural crops that need constant monitoring of growth and development, as well as special temperature and humidity parameters. A tropical greenhouse cannot be built with lumber.

orchid greenhouse

Equipment features

Proper equipment of modern greenhouse facilities has a direct impact on the cultivated garden crops. This type of structure requires the installation of equipment that will most effectively maintain a certain temperature regime during the entire growing season of cultivated crops.

In addition, some design options require the installation of additional lighting, an irrigation system and the installation of a high-quality ventilation system. Such installations will reduce the time and effort for greenhouse maintenance, and will also have a beneficial effect on the quality and quantity of the crop.

To date, all modern greenhouse and greenhouse structures are used for growing almost any kind of vegetable crops, as well as berries and herbs. The basic principles for the construction and use of such structures make it possible to subdivide greenhouse structures into the following categories:

depending on the technical parameters, greenhouses and hotbeds can be flower, combined, vegetable and breeding;
depending on the season of use, the structures are divided into spring-summer and year-round;
depending on the technology used for growing, all greenhouses are divided into hydroponic, rack and soil construction options;
depending on the type of building materials used in the manufacture of building materials, greenhouse structures can be built on the basis of metal structures, wooden or polymer frames;
depending on the type of coverage, they differ, as well as polycarbonate and film structures for growing garden crops;
depending on the design features, greenhouse structures can be straight, arched, block or hangar.

Growing plants in a modern greenhouse (video)

Modern options for greenhouses and hotbeds have fairly simple, but at the same time effective designs that can be built quite easily and quickly on their own. It should be borne in mind that the highest quality structures are produced only by proven and reputable domestic or foreign manufacturers.

Using greenhouses to grow flowers and crops is a win-win.

It protects plants from harmful climatic conditions and allows you to grow them all year round.

The design consists of the main cover and the frame to which it is attached. The choice of material and configuration for the base is strictly regulated by established standards.

For the construction of the frame, galvanized or steel profiles of rectangular or square section are applicable. Each of the materials has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Frame types

Feature of a galvanized profile in budgetary cost and small weight. However, such a frame cannot be called durable. To give stability during assembly, a large number of elements are used.

Connecting parts require additional reinforcement. This is a rather light construction, therefore it should not be installed with heavy rainfall and strong winds.

Rectangular steel bases are difficult to manufacture, which affects their final cost.

Possessing increased stability to mechanical stress, the material requires additional treatment against rust and corrosion.

Here are a few things to keep in mind when choosing a frame:

The thickness of the metal must be at least 1.2 mm;
It is advisable to choose designs with solid arcs;

Preference is given to profiles with a square or rectangular section, ideal parameters which are 20 x 40 millimeters. Before buying, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the proposed copies.

Choice of polycarbonate

Good performance characteristics of the greenhouse due to the right choice coatings. It has been proven that polycarbonate is ideal for these purposes and more.

The choice of coating depends on the type of material, its thickness, as well as light transmission.

There are two main types of polycarbonate:

Cellular (cellular).
Monolithic.

The first option wins in its characteristics due to several layers of material and the presence of longitudinal bridges between them.

Such polycarbonate has a low weight, perfectly transmits light and is resistant to temperature fluctuations.

With its flexibility, the honeycomb material is highly resistant to mechanical stress. The light transmission of the material helps to create a greenhouse effect.

Polycarbonate, intended for exterior decoration, including greenhouses, is treated with a special compound that protects it from damaging UV rays.

The presence of such a coating is indicated by a mark on the package, “protective UV layer”.

The thickness of polycarbonate for greenhouses ranges from 4 to 10 millimeters. For arched structures, it is recommended to use thickened sheets. For vertical greenhouses, thinner sheets are suitable.

Construction type

Among the many configurations, the most common are greenhouses in the form of an arch, wall structures, single-sided or double-sided.

The choice of the type of greenhouse is determined financial possibilities the buyer, as well as directly its purpose.

The first to appear was a double-sided greenhouse. Outwardly, it resembles a small country house with a flat roof and vertical walls. This is the easiest type for installation and, moreover, the most affordable financially.

Shed or in other words wall structures are installed on the sunny side. Maximum roof pitch.

Only in this way will it be possible to avoid stagnation of snow. The main support is the wall of the house or outbuilding.

The greenhouse, whose shape resembles a drop, has additional stiffeners, which makes the whole structure more stable.

Arched greenhouses can be solid and have only one entrance, or have lifting side walls. The second option is convenient in that it provides free access to the beds and makes it possible to fully ventilate the room.

Regardless of the design, polycarbonate greenhouses must be securely attached to the foundation. The base of the steel frame is usually welded, and the galvanized steel is fastened with dowels and anchors.

To date, the size of greenhouses is practically unlimited, and their choice depends on the size of the site itself, on which they will be installed.

Photo of polycarbonate greenhouses

With the appearance on the market modern materials, and in particular polycarbonate, almost all modern greenhouse designs are covered exclusively with this material. This is due good performance the material itself, as well as the ever-lowering price of it. Let's start by describing the advantages of polycarbonate compared to other materials such as glass, polyethylene film, etc.

A greenhouse is a structure designed to protect the soil and grow vegetables.

Material advantages:

Polycarbonate is a cellular material that transmits sunlight well, retains UV rays, and is resistant to precipitation and mechanical stress.

High impact resistance. Polycarbonate, while light in weight, is 200 times stronger than glass and 10 times stronger than PVC and acrylic plastics.
High fire resistance and heat resistance.
Small specific gravity and extreme lightness (cellular polycarbonate with the same coverage area is 16 times lighter than glass and 3 times lighter than acrylic polymers of the same thickness).
High light transmission (transparency of the material reaches 87%), noise and sound insulation, high resistance to chemicals. Resistant to many atmospheric phenomena: sunlight, snow, rain.
On top of that, manufacturers guarantee the service life, as well as the unchanged properties and durability of polycarbonate for 12 years.
Polycarbonate is safe and easy to use (the material does not crack or break, thus it does not form sharp fragments).
High UV protection (a special protective layer is used to prevent the penetration of harmful UV radiation into the greenhouse).
The lightness of the sheets and the excellent structural qualities of the material make it possible to make light, elegant and original designs.

Polycarbonate needs quality care. The surface of the greenhouse must be cleaned of dirt, because during the year dust, dirt, small twigs and leaves will accumulate on it.

Material disadvantages:

If you put a polycarbonate sheet on the greenhouse with a special ultraviolet layer inside, then the service life of the sheet will decrease exactly four times. Therefore, when installing, you need to pay attention to which side you put the sheet.
The material has a hollow structure, where water and dirt get in, which leads to faster heat dissipation and poor light transmission, besides, it spoils the appearance.

Frames of future greenhouses are built and made under polycarbonate. They differ in shape and in the material used in their manufacture.
What form of greenhouse is chosen more often? The most common forms can be called an arched greenhouse and a greenhouse with a tent. All others are considered modifications of these two types.

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Varieties of greenhouses

Arched greenhouses are factory-made greenhouses. Their advantages are: low cost, ease of assembly, low consumption of polycarbonate.

The disadvantages are: low functionality, extreme beds have a small height. Such greenhouses can be chosen for low-growing crops: eggplant, pepper, etc.

The greenhouse-tent has more functionality than the arched one.

Tents - such a design of greenhouses is made according to their own sketch or they buy a finished factory product. The advantages of tents are non-standard sizes, the ability to place any crops in them, good functionality, individual design.

The disadvantage of tents is the need to choose a more durable material for the frame. When constructing the frame, you need to take into account the increased snow load. Also, the disadvantages include a higher cost and a greater consumption of material per sheltered area than in arched structures.

Materials used for the production of frames

The galvanized profile of "hat" type is reliably protected from corrosion.

Galvanized profile of a "hat" look. Its advantages include ease of transportation (can be easily transported to passenger car), reliable protection against corrosion. Due to the ease of fabrication and streaming production - a small price. The disadvantages include the complexity of assembly, a large number of bolted connections. For example, to assemble an 8-meter greenhouse, you will need to tighten more than 1200 bolts. By the way, you can collect such a greenhouse for more than one day. Frames of this type can withstand a load of no more than 20 kg / sq.m. Therefore, in the event of heavy snowfall, snow must be immediately removed from the surface of the greenhouse. Of course, there is a more durable profile, but its price is comparable to the price of structures made of profile pipe. In addition, there is often a lack and mismatch of holes and incomplete equipment.
Galvanized square or rectangular tube. The greenhouse is available both in collapsible and all-welded form. Due to the minimum of connections, it is possible to assemble the frame in short term, within 1-2 hours. A complete greenhouse can be assembled in 4-5 hours. Such products withstand severe snow loads. Some designs have a reinforced frame and can withstand loads up to 250 kg, and each arc can withstand loads from 250 to 300 kilograms. Choosing such a greenhouse, you can install it both on the foundation and on the ground, without fear of deformation of the frame.

The disadvantage of such greenhouses is the need for painting, their cost is higher than that of the "hat" profile. All-welded ones have large dimensions, which is not very convenient for transportation, although they are considered the most durable.

Each owner of a private house has a personal plot that is suitable for growing vegetables. Some of them do not like direct sunlight and dry land. Their watering also has different requirements. When using the open method, it is not always possible to create all the conditions necessary for growing these crops. An alternative and very convenient option for this is a greenhouse in a country house or a personal plot.

Being engaged in agriculture, we gradually came to such a convenient method as growing vegetables and berries in a greenhouse. It allows you to create the microclimate necessary for our capricious plants in an enclosed space.

The designs of greenhouses allow us to protect the culture we cherish both from the scorching heat and from severe frosts. Indoors, certain conditions are created in which it is easy to maintain the same state for a long time.

There are many types of greenhouses you can use. They are different in appearance, principles of operation, dimensions and building materials from which they are built. Also, greenhouses that we build on our own can have a variety of shapes.

The main forms of greenhouse structures:

hemisphere;
Pyramid;
oval shape;
Rectangular;
Smooth;
Trapezoidal shape.

The most common is the oval shape, because it is the easiest to manufacture.

Making a greenhouse: do-it-yourself optimal design

The manufacture of a greenhouse can be the most diverse. You can buy ready-made greenhouse parts in the store and assemble it yourself at home, or you can search for unnecessary building materials on your site and build a greenhouse structure. You can use everything that is at hand: boards, glass, old furniture, film, plastic bottles, boxes. Picking up necessary material, draw a drawing and build. A homemade greenhouse is not as correct, but it is cheaper.

Greenhouses, the optimal design of which is made by hand, are the best. They are often talked about in television programs about agriculture and vegetable growing. There is also a lot of information about them in magazines and other periodicals.

You should not spend a lot of money on the purchase of the necessary building materials for such greenhouses. There are always a lot of different items in summer cottages and personal plots. Look around, think, and you will definitely find almost all the materials necessary for the construction of this structure.

Do-it-yourself building material for building a greenhouse can be:

Wooden plank;
Reinforcement rod;
Not a thin hazel;
PVC pipes;
Steel corner;
Large mesh.
Old window frame;
glass sheet;
Polycarbonate sheets;
Dense greenhouse film.

When building such a greenhouse, you must first make a frame of the desired shape, and sheathe it with a covering material.

The device of the greenhouse: its difference from the greenhouse

Unlike his brother - a greenhouse, right greenhouse- other building. It is more expensive and durable. A more careful and balanced approach is needed for the construction of a greenhouse. The material for its construction should be chosen one that can last a long time. And it works differently.

The device of the greenhouse is such that it is mostly a capital stationary structure that can be used in any cold season. It requires compliance with special rules during its construction.

A greenhouse differs from a greenhouse in that it is installed in one place. Whereas you can move a greenhouse to different places on your land.

Other differences:

Even a simple greenhouse is usually much larger than a greenhouse;
The frame of the greenhouse is done thoroughly, taking into account that it will remain in place all year round;
Often the greenhouse is placed on a prepared foundation;
The coating of the greenhouse is made reliable and of high quality. This is to ensure that she has the opportunity to serve us for a long time.

If you decide to build a large greenhouse on your site, then you should prepare for the fact that this design will require a lot of time and effort from you.

Do-it-yourself components of a greenhouse or greenhouse: device and maintenance

To properly build a greenhouse or greenhouse you need to have special knowledge both construction and agricultural. The device of the greenhouse is different from the device of greenhouses. If greenhouses are temporary structures, small in size, then greenhouse structures are large stationary structures that can occupy a large area of \u200b\u200bland.

Do-it-yourself greenhouse device - whole system various processes that are brought together in one large design. All these processes are aimed at providing the conditions necessary for growing plants.

In view of the fact that greenhouses require frequent presence from us, this home-made design must be of high quality, in compliance with safety rules.

Greenhouse design includes:

Foundation;
frame;
Roof;
cover sheet;
Irrigation tank;
brackets;
Vents or transoms for ventilation;
soil as a floor;
Door;
Electrical wires, lighting;
Heating system.

If the greenhouse area is large, then try to make doors on both sides. This method will give you the opportunity not to cross the entire greenhouse with containers when harvesting, and will make it easier for you to improve the greenhouse.

Arched greenhouse structures: their pros and cons

The appearance of the greenhouse comes from the shape of the roof of the building. The roof, in turn, depends on the type building material, which was used to build the frame. Material compatibility is also important. It is not advisable to cover greenhouses made of wood with polycarbonate, and those made of film should be pulled over a frame of steel reinforcement.

The designs of greenhouses with an arched roof are quite new. They note a number of advantages over other types of greenhouses. If you want to build a new greenhouse, then you should think about whether to put a greenhouse in the form of an arch on your site.

These greenhouses are the best. They are well suited for the construction of structures made of polycarbonate, or dense greenhouse film. Very often, according to the type of such arched greenhouses, small greenhouses are built for growing all types of seedlings. Arched greenhouses are also suitable for winter greenhouse equipment.

Advantages of an arched greenhouse:

Almost no snow accumulates on the arched roof;
The arched shape has very good windability;
Through the arched roof, daylight is scattered in an arcuate manner, and this has a good effect on the fruiting and growth of plants;
Cellular polycarbonate can withstand heavy loads very easily;
The arrangement of honeycomb sheets contributes to good thermal insulation;
It is more practical than greenhouses, which have other forms;
To build it, it is not necessary to build a foundation;
She has a beautiful, aesthetic appearance.

If modern irrigation and heating are made in an arched greenhouse, then such a greenhouse will become not only beautiful, but also very productive. In the arrangement of the greenhouse, special importance must be given to electrical work. The method and quality of lighting is very important when growing vegetables, as well as heating, the principle of operation of which, often, is electric heating elements. In view of this, the construction of a greenhouse must begin with the arrangement of an electrical interchange.

Modern designs of greenhouses and their types (video)

Each of us has our own hobbies, occupations and activities. Someone is happy to stand at the machine, and someone really likes to work on the ground and grow vegetables. If you also have a desire to devote yourself to gardening and growing vegetables in a greenhouse, study this topic thoroughly, view pdf photos and videos. They will help you better understand this process.

Examples of landscaping a greenhouse (photo ideas)

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