Summary: Creating your own business. Creating your own business (prerequisites, problems, principles of creation) The social component of the system of goals for creating your own business

The first paragraphs of this chapter consider the individual elements of the mechanism for creating your own business. Having familiarized themselves with them, the future entrepreneur can consciously take on the implementation of an entrepreneurial idea, which is the economic (financial, material) interest of proactive capable citizens for the implementation of hypothetically real projects that allow them to achieve their goals by organizing a certain type of business.

An entrepreneurial idea is the potential and necessity of an individual's own self-realization in order to solve his own goals by satisfying the needs of others.

Entrepreneurial activity as a process just begins with an idea, which, under certain conditions, is implemented into a specific entrepreneurial project, the essence of which should be based on the principle: to find a need and satisfy it.

M. Small, a very successful American entrepreneur, formulates five rules for achieving goals (ideas).

1. Make a decision: I can make money. In our time, in our country, a person can become rich.

2. In order to make money, you have to think about it constantly - while eating, walking and even at night when you sleep.

3. There are many areas in which you can be successful. Search and you will find them.

4. You will be wrong. But don't be discouraged. Learn from your own and others' mistakes. Start again from where you stumbled. Go forward!

5. When you stop at an idea, constantly think it over, develop it and do not leave until you reach the goal.

So, the idea is being implemented in order to organize a certain type of business. As the famous Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov, the life of the person who has set a goal and always strives for it is beautiful and amazing: “The reflex of goals is the main form of the vital energy of each of us. Life is only beautiful and strong, who all his life strives for a constantly achieved, but never unattainable goal ... All life, all its improvements, all its culture is made by people striving for the goal set by them in life. "

Without a set immediate (tactical) and distant (strategic) goal, there is nothing to think about (although, of course, you can think) to set sail on a sea called entrepreneurship, where reefs and storms (risks) await you, and maybe the "ninth wave" (bankruptcy).

It is impossible to engage in entrepreneurship without knowing a really achievable goal that would be understandable to both subordinates and consumers of the results of your activities (goods, services). The goal should be clearly formulated by the entrepreneur himself, the head of the company, in order to communicate it to all employees who translate your goal into concrete work results. If you are both an entrepreneur and a manager, then you should be even more responsible when formulating your goal (s).

“As a child, I came up with a personal credo, which I usually repeated at night. Although I was not raised in a religious family, it was like a prayer, an appeal to the mysterious spirit of life that can inspire and energize. I asked to give me strength so that I could help worthy people. I never prayed for power, fame, wealth, although I had it in abundance. I hope I've never been greedy. If my main goal was to get rich, then I could become one of the richest in the world. However, I am not one of them. All my life I gave away more of my fortune than I could count. Fortunately, I have always had the ability to make money, and I had enough for others. The credo of my childhood guided my actions all my life. "

The author further points out that his goal was not to make money, not to get rich. “For me, business is not just a means of enrichment: the accumulation of wealth was not an end in itself for me. Business gave me pleasure, because it constantly stimulates, requires daily concentration of all mental abilities to solve an infinite number of different problems, from the smallest detail to fundamental decisions. Business gives me pleasure because it created America, and I would even say that this is the essence of the American way of life. "

In formulating the goal of an entrepreneurial firm, it is necessary, in our opinion, to take into account foreign experience, and also our domestic, especially pre-revolutionary.

When starting to create your own business, it is advisable to remember the following.

1. Only clear goals lead to a goal. (For example, you cannot formulate a goal: “The quality of our goods must be improved.” What kind of goods, how much to improve, due to what, etc. The quality can be improved, but production costs will increase sharply, so when selling goods you will not receive the required amount of profit for development of the company).

Therefore, the formulation of the goal should contain: a) quantitative indicators that the firm must achieve, but it is necessary to take into account the behavior of competitors, buyers, market segment, market niches; b) the period during which the goal must be achieved (or stages); c) the results that the firm and employees will receive; d) attraction of well-known responsible executors; e) determining the costs of achieving this goal and the conditions for achieving the goal.

2. The closer the goal, the more it mobilizes, in other words, short-term goals to a greater extent than long-term goals contribute to internal mobilization, but at the same time, the solution to a long-term goal should not be overlooked.

Which is better: a tit in the hands or a crane in the sky?

Here the question is in the management of an entrepreneurial firm (as, indeed, in all areas, and in personal life): a dialectical combination of tactics and strategy.

But you need to remember a very important conclusion that many of us have come to in practice: "Whoever takes on everything, most often will not achieve anything!"

Apparently, there should be a regularity in the role of doubt. Voltaire wrote: "Doubt is the beginning of wisdom." But it is impossible to doubt for a long time: you are surrounded by competitors from all sides, you may be late. The locomotive of entrepreneurship does not like long and unreasonable stops on the way of self-development. This is clearly evidenced by the entire history of world entrepreneurship.

3. The purpose (or goals) of the company should be focused on the most important - your products should satisfy the need (needs) that are not satisfied by other products. If this need has already been satisfied, then it is necessary to stimulate the demand for your products by other means (measures), i.e. create a new demand, a new market.

This goal is the most important, the most important, determining one in an equilibrium market (it is, of course, easier to operate in a scarce market), but the goal is formalized - the satisfaction of unmet needs. You need to constantly be ready to practically answer the questions: “Is there a need for your products (works, services)? What products are in demand in what economic form? What is this demand today? What will be tomorrow, in the future? "

In the society of a free market economy, towards which we strive, the highest goal of any business organization- the formation of market needs, meeting the demand of buyers (consumers). But needs must be ranked according to the degree of satisfaction, importance, profitability, profitability, etc.

4. The goals must be commensurate with the capabilities of the company, with its technical, intellectual, personnel, financial level and raw material capabilities.

5. The goal (s) must be specified in the activities, while there must be an understanding of the goals and activities by other employees, ie. they must be convinced of the advisability of achieving this goal.

The more employees of the company have the opportunity to participate in the selection and setting of a goal, the higher the result will be in its implementation.

The art of setting a goal is the art of managing a company, it is the ability to control the progress and result of achieving a goal, it is an opportunity the right motivation employees, etc. Therefore, the primary goal of an entrepreneur is to define a set of goals, a choice of goals.

Therefore, in order to become an entrepreneur, to start creating your own business, you need to know what the consumer (consumers) wants, formulate a goal and strive to achieve it with lower costs (expenses). Constantly study what people want and look for an opportunity to give them what they want!

The author of the book “How to Make Money” M. Small said about the implementation of an entrepreneurial goal and good luck: “People who believe that only luck will help them succeed in life usually say:“ I must have capital, without money I can do nothing I can not". Of course, to translate your idea into reality, you need money (and not small, in our opinion). But if you know exactly what people need, then you have a greater chance of prosperity than those who can invest any amount. "

Wayne Dyer, author of Zones of Your Errors, believes that “a thought (idea, goal) will turn into faith if you constantly work on it, and not when you just try this thought and fail to realize it, then use your failure to abandon it. "

So, you have an entrepreneurial idea, you have clearly formulated your goals, now you can start creating your own business.

The organization of your own business in the presence of appropriate material, financial and other opportunities can be carried out through the following forms: the acquisition (purchase) of an enterprise (business), the lease of the enterprise as a whole as a property set used for entrepreneurial activities, the use of the franchising method and the establishment of a private business in a certain organizational and legal form.

In a short form, we will tell you about the individual ways of creating your own business.

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VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

KAMYSHINSKY TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS

Course work

on the subject:

Setting up your own business

For example " LLC "Hotel" Lyubimy Krai »

Is done by a student

Faculty

Economics and Management

Usanova L.M.

Checked the work

head of department

B.A. Kartashov

Kamyshin 2009

3. Choice organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship

5. Business plan of a small enterprise (firm)

7. Production plan

8. Market characteristics

9. Characteristics of competitiveness in the market

10. Marketing strategy

11. Leadership

12. Risks and their accounting

13. Financial plan

Bibliography

Application

1. The importance of small business in Russia

Having analyzed the state of small business and the sphere of its development at the moment, we can conclude that our state and local authorities the authorities are extremely unfriendly to small businesses. As a result, the question arises - is it necessary for modern Russian society? Maybe big business will provide Russia with everything it needs at the expense of its external e economic activity? This position also reflects the Soviet economic practice, the so-called. “Gas - and not f tedollars ". Of course, if Russia wants to remain a raw material appendage of the economy, O nomics developed countries then small business can continue to be ignored. However, it seems to me that this state of affairs cannot suit Russia, to O Toraya was a great power, strives to remain it, and hopes in the future not to surrender its positions, but, on the contrary, to build them up. In this case, small business is vital. our country.

For the effective functioning of the market economy, the necessary The word is the formation of a competitive environment through the development of entrepreneurship, including small business. This form of entrepreneurship has certain advantages: it is flexibility and instant adaptability to market conditions, the ability to quickly change the structure of production, quickly create and quickly apply new technologies and scientific developments; it is also a spirit of initiative, entrepreneurial spirit and dynamism.

At present, small businesses have essentially become the backbone of the economies of the most developed countries. A striking example of this is the United States, the EU countries and Japan, in which the share of small and medium-sized businesses accounts for 50-70% of GDP and 50-70% of the total number of employees.

The social significance of small business is determined by the massiveness of the group of small owners - owners of small businesses and their employees, the total number of which is one of the most significant qualitative characteristics of any country with a developed market economy. It is this group of the active population that serves the bulk of consumers, producing a range of products and services in accordance with the rapidly changing market requirements.

The development of small business contributes to the gradual creation of a wide layer of small owners (middle class), independently ensuring their own well-being and a decent standard of living, which are the basis of socio-economic reforms, the guarantor of political stability and democratic development of society.

It should also be noted that doing a small business is not only a source of livelihood, but also a way to reveal the inner potential of an individual. The objectively inevitable restructuring of the economy is forcing an increasing number of citizens to engage in independent entrepreneurial activity.

The small business sector is capable of creating new jobs, and, therefore, can provide a decrease in the unemployment rate and social tension in the country. The massive development of small businesses contributes to a change in social psychology and life orientations of the bulk of the population, is the only alternative to social dependency.

The political influence of small business in various countries is quite large, since this social group long ago became the basis of the formed middle class, the most representative in its size and the expression of the political preferences of a significant part of the population. In the context of sustainable socio-economic and political development of society, small entrepreneurs are distinguished by the greatest adherence to the principles of democracy, political stability and economic freedom. The stratum of small owners is most active, and even aggressive when there is a threat to property, since, unlike large and medium-sized owners, for owners of small businesses, their property is often the only means of subsistence and the most important way of self-expression. The middle class either forms its own political movements, or becomes the object of the struggle of various political forces for votes.

This factor determines the inseparability of the connection between small business and the interests of local and regional communities, which determines its dependence on the national basis and forms a breeding ground for its patriotic sentiments. At the same time, as the historical experience of Russia and a number of other countries testifies, patriotic sentiments among small owners in conditions of economic recession and political instability can take extreme forms and push them to support the most extremist political forces.

The significant role of small business in the economic life of countries with a market economy system is determined by the fact that the vast majority of enterprises operate in this sector of the economy, a large part of the economically active population is concentrated and about half of the gross domestic product is produced.

The small business sector is most dynamically developing new types of products and economic niches, developing in industries that are unattractive for big business, etc. The most important features of small businesses are the ability to accelerate the development of investments and a high turnover of working capital. One more characteristic feature this sector is active innovation activity contributing to the accelerated development of various sectors of the economy in all sectors of the economy.

The flexibility and high adaptability inherent in small businesses to market volatility contribute to the stabilization of macroeconomic processes in the country. However, this sector is characterized by relatively low profitability, high labor intensity, difficulties with the introduction of new technologies, limited own resources and increased risk in intense competition. This leads to constant renewal in the small business sector due to massive bankruptcies or re-specialization of activities.

With all this, I would like to note the great potential in the development of small business in such industries as Agriculture and the agricultural processing industry. This direction is considered the most promising, therefore, work to stimulate the growth of small firms in these areas should be carried out now. The need for this step has long come, and if the Russian leadership continues to delay the development of a program to support and develop the domestic agro-industrial complex, then our country risks losing a lot of time and greatly complicating its life, which happens in Russia quite often and regularly. This should not be allowed under any circumstances!

2. Brief description of the current state of small business in Kamyshin

The state of small business is clearly reflected in the economic and social development of the city. Since basically all consumer goods and services are the result of the activities of small businesses. Whichever side you turn, today it is the most dynamically developing sector of the city's economy.

As of January 1, 2008, 4466 were registered in Kamyshin. individuals and 568 legal entities engaged in entrepreneurial activities that are payers of local taxes. In the field of small and medium-sized businesses in 2007. 14,051 people were employed (28.9% of the total working). Key performance indicators of small businesses in 2007-2008. are presented in table 1.

Small business production volume is over 40% general production in the town. Their profitability is on average higher than that of other enterprises, and ranges from 15-25 percent. And the profit received by them, in individual industries, even reaches 45 - 50%. Tax revenues in the budgets of different levels from small businesses are on average 25% or more.

Table 1. Key performance indicators of small businesses in Kamyshin for 2007-2008.

Indicators
	Including small businesses	Specific gravity, %	Total legal entities in the city	Including small businesses	Specific gravity,%
Total number of enterprises
Including:

industry
construction
transport
wholesale

consumer service

As can be seen from the table (Appendix A), the bulk of enterprises in 2008 operated in the construction, wholesale and retail... Small businesses are more inclined to trade and procurement, where the time between investing capital and making a profit was much shorter than when manufacturing a product. The share of small businesses in the total number of legal entities in the city was 37.6%.

The share of the working population employed in small enterprises in the city in 2007 was 28.9%, and at the beginning of 2008 it was 30.2% (Table 2).

Table 2. The share of the working population in small enterprises of the city.

Indicators
	Total number	Specific gravity,%	Total number	Including small businesses	Specific gravity,%
Number of employees, total
including:

industry
construction
transport
retail trade and catering
consumer service
other industries

As of July 1, 2008, 4569 individuals and 595 legal entities engaged in entrepreneurial activities were registered in the city. In the revenue part of the city budget, the share of revenues from the small business sector was in the 1st half of 2003. - 10.8%.

As of January 1, 2008 according to the data of the State Register of Enterprises, 1273 legal entities are registered with the tax inspectorate, of which 48 are state and 82 municipal; with private administrative property - 1132, 7 banks, 4 insurance organizations.

Out of 4999 entrepreneurs registered as of January 1, 2008, 4292 were engaged in trade and procurement activities, 31 - in consumer services; 29 people were employed in the social and cultural sphere, 262 - in intermediary activities; 15 - fishing; 370 - other.

As a result of the analysis of the development of entrepreneurship in Kamyshin, it can be concluded that the number of legal entities in 2007-2008. increased by 2.24 times, and physical - by 1.12 times.

3. Choice of organizational and legal form of entrepreneurship

Of all the variety of organizational and legal forms operating in the territory Russian Federation for a newly created new enterprise, we will choose such an organizational and legal form as a company with limited liability... Moreover, this legal form is most common among small and medium-sized enterprises.

A limited liability company (LLC) is a company founded by one or more persons, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares determined by the constituent documents of the size. Members of this company are not responsible for its debts and only bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company, within the value of their contributions.

Even participants who have not made their contributions in full are responsible for the obligations of a limited liability company only with that part of their personal property that corresponds to the value of the unpaid part of the contribution (clause 1 of article 87 of the Civil Code).

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 89 of the Civil Code, it is provided that the number of participants in a limited liability company should not exceed the limit established by the law on these companies. Otherwise, within a year, it is subject to transformation into a joint-stock company, and after this period - liquidation in court, if the number of its participants does not decrease to the limit established by law. It should be noted that the federal law on limited liability companies has not yet been adopted.

The firm name of a limited liability company must contain the name of the company and the words "limited liability" (clause 2 of article 87 of the Civil Code).

In accordance with clause 1 of article 89 of the Civil Code, a limited liability company must have two constituent documents: a constituent agreement signed by its founders and a charter approved by them.

In addition to the information specified in clause 1 of Article 52 of the Civil Code, the constituent documents of a limited liability company must contain the mandatory information required for the documents of this company. These include conditions on the size of the authorized capital of a limited liability company, on the size of the shares of each of the participants, on the size, composition, timing and procedure for making contributions by them, on the liability of participants for violation of obligations to make contributions, on the composition and competence of the management bodies of the company and the procedure for making decisions, including on issues, decisions on which are taken unanimously or by a qualified majority of votes, as well as other information provided for by the law on limited liability companies (clause 2 of article 89 of the Civil Code).

A limited liability company is reorganized or liquidated voluntarily by the unanimous decision of its participants. It can also be liquidated on the general grounds specified in Article 61 of the Civil Code.

A limited liability company can be reorganized in the form of transformation into a joint stock company or production cooperative(Clause 2 of Article 91 of the Civil Code).

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides for a two-tier management system in a limited liability company (Article 91 of the Civil Code)

The supreme body of this society is the general meeting of its members. To exclusive competence general meeting include the following issues:

1. Changing the charter of the company, including the size of its authorized capital.

2.Education executive bodies society and early termination of their powers.

3.Approval annual reports and the balance sheets of the company and the distribution of its profits and losses.

4. The decision to reorganize or liquidate the company.

5. Election of the auditing commission (auditor) of the company.

The competence of the general meeting cannot be reduced, but it can be expanded by the law on limited liability companies or the charter of the company. Issues not attributed to the exclusive competence of the general meeting are within the competence of the executive accountable to it (collegial and (or) sole). The sole governing body may also be elected not from among the participants in a limited liability company.

The general meeting of a limited liability company elects an audit commission or an auditor.

To check and confirm the correctness of the annual financial statements external audit can be used. An audit can be carried out at the request of both the general meeting and any of the participants in the company. The procedure for conducting audits is determined by law and the company's charter (clause 4 of article 91 of the Civil Code). The publication by the company of information on the results of its affairs (public reporting) is not required (clause 5 of article 91).

The basis of the property isolation of a limited liability company is its authorized capital, which is made up of the value of the contributions of the company's participants. In accordance with clause 1 of article 90 of the Civil Code, the authorized capital determines the minimum amount of the company's property that guarantees the interests of its creditors. The amount of the authorized capital cannot be less than the amount established by law. Since the law on limited liability companies has not yet been adopted, the Regulation on the procedure for registering business entities, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 8, 1994 N 1482, is in force. be less than an amount equal to 100 times the minimum monthly wage established by law on the date of submission for registration of the constituent documents of the limited liability company.

The Civil Code stipulates that all members of a limited liability company must participate in the formation of the charter capital of the company by paying contributions. The release of a member of the company from this obligation is not allowed (clause 2 of article 90 of the Civil Code). However, it is possible to pay the authorized capital in installments, and at the time of registration of the company, its authorized capital must be paid for at least half. The remaining unpaid part of the authorized capital of the company must be paid by its participants during the first year of the company's activity (clause 3 of article 90 of the Civil Code).

It should be noted that a decrease in the authorized capital of a limited liability company leads to a weakening of the guarantees of its creditors. In order to avoid such situations, the Civil Code introduces the concept of the net assets of a society. They should be understood as the actual value of all property of a limited liability company without the value of existing debts.

If the size of the net assets of a limited liability company at the end of the second and each subsequent financial year turns out to be less than the authorized capital, the company is obliged to declare this decrease and register the decrease in accordance with the established procedure or terminate its activities by liquidation (clause 4 of article 90 of the Civil Code). Reduction of the authorized capital is allowed after notification of all creditors of the company. In this case, creditors may demand an early termination or fulfillment of the corresponding obligations with the imposition of the obligation to compensate for losses on the company (clause 5 of article 90 of the Civil Code).

An increase in the authorized capital of a limited liability company is allowed after all its participants have made contributions in full, i.e. after full payment of the entire declared capital (clause 6 of article 90 of the Civil Code).

Clause 1 of Article 93 of the Civil Code provides that a participant in a limited liability company has the right to transfer his share or part of it in the authorized capital of the company to one or more of its participants.

Alienation by a company participant of his share or part of it to third parties is allowed, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the company (clause 2, article 93 of the Civil Code).

The Civil Code (clause 4 of article 93 of the Civil Code) does not allow the alienation of the unpaid part of the debt in the authorized capital.

The members of the company enjoy the pre-emptive right to purchase the share (or part thereof) of the retiring member. This right belongs to all members of the company in proportion to the size of their shares in the authorized capital, unless the charter of the company or an agreement of its members provides for a different procedure for exercising this right. If the members of the company do not use their preemptive right within a month from the date of notification or at another time stipulated by the charter of the company or the agreement of its participants, the share of the retired member may be alienated to a third party (Clause 2, Article 93 of the Civil Code). If the members of the company refuse to purchase a share, and the charter of a limited liability company does not provide for its alienation to third parties, the company itself must acquire this share from the alienator, paying him the actual value of the share, or issue in kind property corresponding to such a value (clause 3 of Art. .93 GK).

In accordance with clause 5 of article 93 of the Civil Code, a limited liability company is obliged to sell the acquired share of the participant to other participants or reduce its authorized capital by this share.

Clause 6 of Article 93 of the Civil Code provides that the heirs of citizens and the legal successors of legal entities that are members of a limited liability company are transferred to their debts in the authorized capital of the company. However, the constituent documents of the company may stipulate that such a transition is allowed only with the consent of the other members of the company. In this case, the company is obliged to pay to the heirs or successors the actual value of the share or to give them property in kind for such a value. The procedure and conditions for such compensation are provided for by the constituent documents of the limited liability company.

A participant in a limited liability company has the right to leave the company at any time without the consent of other participants (Article 94 of the Civil Code). In this case, he must be paid the value of a part of the property corresponding to his share in the authorized capital. The procedure, method and terms for issuing or paying the value of property to an outgoing participant must be regulated by the constituent documents of a limited liability company, since there is no law on these companies.

4. State registration of entrepreneurial activity

The procedure for state registration of individual entrepreneurs is established by the Regulations on the procedure for state registration of business entities, determined Federal law dated August 8, 2001 No. 129-FZ "On state registration of legal entities". The documents specified in the law are submitted to the tax office, and after 5 days a certificate of state registration of a legal entity is issued. In turn tax office assigns a TIN, sends the necessary documents to Goskomstat for assigning codes, notifies off-budget funds that the organization is registered on such and such a date, the state number is such and such.

Registration of an enterprise is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. For state registration of an enterprise, the following documents must be submitted:

An application for registration of an enterprise, drawn up in any form and signed by the founder (s) of the enterprise;

The charter of the enterprise approved by the founder (s);

Decision to establish a company or agreement of founders;

Documents confirming payment of at least 50 percent of the authorized capital (fund) of the enterprise specified in the decision to create the enterprise or in the agreement of the founders;

Certificate of payment of the state fee.

The state registration of general partnerships does not require the submission of the charter, and the state registration of non-profit organizations entitled to conduct entrepreneurial activity does not require the submission of a decision on the establishment of an enterprise or an agreement of founders.

In cases of establishment of an enterprise by one founder, the decision to establish an enterprise shall be considered the charter of the enterprise approved by him.

2. The constituent documents of the enterprise are submitted to the registering body by its founder (founders) or representatives of the founder (founders), or sent to the registering body by valuable mail with a notification and a list of investments.

The date of submission of constituent documents for registration of an enterprise is, respectively, the date of their actual submission to the registering authority or the date mailing specified in the mailing receipt with an inventory of the constituent documents sent. In the latter case, the receipt confirms the fact that these documents have been submitted for registration.

3. When registering an enterprise, the following requirements are imposed on the constituent documents in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation:

a) the charter must contain information about the organizational and legal form, name, location of the enterprise, the amount of its authorized capital (fund), composition, procedure for the formation and competence of its management and control bodies, the procedure for distribution of profits and the formation of enterprise funds, the procedure and conditions for reorganization, and liquidation of the enterprise;

b) for state and municipal enterprises, as well as non-profit organizations that have the right to conduct entrepreneurial activities, it is mandatory to indicate in their charters the types of activities carried out by enterprises;

c) the agreement of the founders must contain information about the name (name) and legal status founders, their location (place of residence), state registration (for legal entities) or personality (passport data - for individuals), the amount of the authorized capital of the enterprise being created, participation interests (shares, number of shares) owned by each founder, size, procedure and methods making contributions (payment for shares).

In the agreement of the founders of a full or mixed partnership, the numbers of certificates of registration as entrepreneurs of citizens who are its full members are also indicated;

d) the size of the authorized capital (fund) joint stock company, an enterprise with equity participation of foreign investments (a joint venture regardless of its organizational and legal form), a state or municipal enterprise must not be less than an amount equal to 1000 times the minimum wage per month, established by law Russian Federation as of the date of submission of constituent documents for registration;

e) The size of the authorized capital (fund) of enterprises of other organizational and legal forms must not be less than an amount equal to 100 times the minimum monthly wage established by the legislation of the Russian Federation as of the date of submission of constituent documents for registration;

f) when submitting documents for registration of an enterprise, the size of the authorized capital (fund) of which exceeds the amount established by the antimonopoly legislation of the Russian Federation, the founder (founders) must submit a document confirming the consent of the relevant antimonopoly body to the establishment of the enterprise;

g) when submitting documents for registration of an enterprise, the founders of which include state and (or) municipal enterprises, it is necessary to submit documents confirming the approval by the relevant property management committee or other authorized body of the amount and method of payment of contributions by state and (or) municipal enterprises to the authorized capital (fund) of the registered enterprise, except for the cases of making these contributions in cash at the expense of the profits of the founding enterprises;

h) the decision to create an individual private enterprise is drawn up in any form without obligatory notarization (in the case of presentation of documents proving the identity of the founder).

4. During state registration of an enterprise, it is not allowed to require letters of guarantee and other documents confirming its location specified in the constituent documents (charter) of the enterprise. Responsibility for damage that may be caused to third parties due to the inaccuracy of the location of the enterprise specified in the constituent documents (charter) is borne by its founder (founders).

Submission by registrants and others government bodies other requirements for applicants and constituent documents submitted by them for registration, other than those provided for by this Regulation, are not allowed.

5. Registration of enterprises is carried out by the registering authority no later than three days from the date of submission of the necessary documents or within 30 calendar days from the date of mailing specified in the receipt for sending the constituent documents listed in paragraph 2 of this Regulation.

Registration is carried out by assigning a next number to the enterprise in the register of incoming documents and affixing a special inscription (stamp) with the name of the registering authority, number and date on the first page (title page) of the enterprise charter, sealed with a signature official responsible for registration.

5. Business plan of a small enterprise (firm)

Planning is an integral part of any business venture, big or small. A business plan is a planning document that summarizes the analysis of opportunities for starting or expanding a business in any specific situation and gives a clear idea of how the company's management intends to use these opportunities.

Most small businesses resort to business plans, mainly to obtain loans, search for investors, when participating in investment tenders and privatization projects.

A business plan is a detailed, well-structured and carefully prepared document that describes what the firm is striving for, how it expects to achieve its goals, and what it will look like after achieving them. This is a convenient, generally accepted form of familiarizing potential investors with the project in which they are invited to take part.

The need for business planning is as follows: when taking the first steps, small business representatives are faced, firstly, with a lack of financial resources, and secondly, with many unforeseen circumstances that can lead your company away from the chosen course. To avoid this, you must first set out your goals, estimates and forecasts on paper, that is, draw up a business plan.

There are two main reasons for preparing a business plan:

convince outside investors of the advisability of investing in your business or providing a loan;

help you stay on course and not allow random circumstances to deviate you from your chosen goal.

However, this does not mean that everything planned in the plan will certainly be fulfilled: goals and objectives will be adjusted as they become available. additional information and acquisitions practical experience... A business plan does not guarantee getting rid of problems, but increases the efficiency of company management.

The main goal of a business plan is to reach a reasonable and workable compromise between what the firm wants and what it can achieve.

Drawing. 1. The contours of the business plan.

Business analysis external environment and the current state of the enterprise is a prerequisite for developing an effective plan. It is aimed at obtaining and generalizing objective information about the state of the enterprise, its compliance with the requirements of the external environment and internal organization. The structure of the business analysis is presented in Table 3.

Table 3. The structure of business analysis.

Environmental analysis is the process by which an entrepreneur or manager evaluates external hazards and opportunities that can hinder or help achieve the goals.

Self-analysis is a methodical assessment of all areas of the enterprise. It aims to identify the strong and weaknesses enterprise, is designed to help identify those areas that require more detailed consideration or improvement, and at the same time see what tasks were set in the previous period of time and whether they were completed, what were the reasons for the failures.

Analysis is necessary not only when drawing up a business plan, it is also useful in current activities.

For a firm in its early stages of development, the business plan is in many ways the first attempt at strategic planning... The plan is used to set development benchmarks for the next few years. The intended direction of development must be clear and precise, understandable to the employees of the company and potential lenders and investors.

The period of time for which a business plan is developed can be very different, it depends on the specifics of the business and product. Experience shows that too long a planned horizon only leads to meaninglessness of all calculations. Typically, the plan is drawn up for two to three years with a detailed study of the first year and an enlarged forecast for the next period. Although the plan can be drawn up for both five years and one year.

A business plan is a general strategy for a firm's activities in a specific product market.

Most managers view a business plan as required document to receive money from a bank or from another investor, lender. For this reason, businesses that do not need additional capital do not draw up a business plan without fully understanding the business planning process, its benefits and benefits.

A business plan allows you to solve a number of tasks, but the main ones are the following:

justification economic feasibility directions of the firm's development;

calculation of expected financial results activities, primarily sales volumes, profits, capital income;

determination of the intended source of financing for the implementation of the chosen strategy, i.e. ways to concentrate financial resources;

selection of workers who are able to implement this plan.

A business plan can be used in different situations and with benefits for different people - managers, owners, investors.

So, a business plan is needed in the following situations:

the firm needs capital for further development. The forms of raising capital can be different. Most often, this is the main reason for drawing up a business plan.

a new company is created or the owner changes, therefore a development strategy is being developed.

business plan is developed during significant changes

(reconstruction, purchase of equipment, transition to production new products etc.).

To achieve your goals and raise funds, you need to communicate something intriguing about the prospects of a given business, combined with a well-prepared presentation of numbers and research. The idea should not only be good in itself, but also well presented.

Three types of people are interested in a business plan: managers, owners, creditors. Managers are usually the creators and executors of the business plan. It is often forgotten that managers can derive important benefits from the planning process itself, not just the plan. The owners are interested in drawing up a business plan from the point of view of the company's development prospects. In small firms, the manager can be the owner at the same time, that is, act in different roles: as the creator of the plan, its executor and the controlling body.

This project is the creation of a new enterprise through the establishment of a limited liability company "Hotel" Lyubimy Krai "- a private hotel, close to a three-star hotel in accordance with the requirements for the hotel and its room stock, given in Appendices A1, A2. Dedicated to the substantiation of the efficiency of construction and commissioning of a private hotel.

The objectives of the business plan are:

1. Justification of the profitability of the construction and commissioning of a private hotel designed for guests of the city of Kamyshin who come from various cities of Russia for various purposes (business trip, tourism, sports, transit, etc.)

2. Assessment of the expected financial results of the business.

The private hotel "Lyubimy Krai" is a five-storey building located on the picturesque bank of the Volga River and has convenient transport facilities. The "Lyubimy Kray" hotel is a private hotel, the services provided by which at the new stage of development are planned to be as close as possible to world standards.

On the first floor of the hotel there are planned: a bar-restaurant, a billiard room, a sauna, a SPA-salon, cosmetic and hairdressing services, a gym, medical services... The hotel lobby will be equipped with a reception and accommodation service for guests with a seating and waiting area with appropriate furniture (armchairs, a sofa, chairs, coffee tables with newspapers and magazines), individual safe boxes for storing guests' valuables, terminals, ATMs, taxi call services , long distance and international communication.

It is planned to put into operation 4 floors (second, third, fourth, fifth), equip the rooms with good furniture, maximizing the comfort of residents (number of rooms - 102, number of beds - 192).

Total in the Hotel:

Single three-room apartments (Apartments) - 2

Single two-room (Lux) - 18

Single one-room (improved 1 category) - 38

One of critical factors affecting successful implementation and providing the planned investment return period is the predicted stable hotel attendance. The competitiveness of the company is ensured by the variety of offered hotel services, an advantageous location of the construction object.

The main project risks are:

Reduction tourism business in the country and region;

Unfavorable factors attributed to the category of "force majeure".

The main strategy of the company is to attract customers with high quality and service.

The investment payback period is 5 years.

The calculations given in the business plan give reason to believe that the enterprise LLC "Hotel" Lyubimy Krai "will complete the construction process and will be put into operation as scheduled.

The projected profitability of operations assumes a short time frame for the accumulation of net profit, sufficient to generate profit and, at the same time, a large margin of financial stability.

7. Production plan

This section is one of the most important sections in planning the construction process. Drawing up a production plan is necessary in order to assess the reality of the planned construction process, taking into account the size of the investment, as well as the qualifications of the company's management and the validity of its plans.

The production plan for the construction of the hotel is designed for two years.

The program is calculated based on the available capacity of the enterprise, in this case the contractors and the required rental construction equipment. The production plan takes into account the list for the purchase of the necessary raw materials and equipment and the types of work performed in the construction process. The section provides an organizational chart of the company, since it is necessary to coordinate the planned actions and control. You should also highlight the issues of remuneration of administrative and managerial and production personnel.

Thus, the development of this section consists of the following stages:

Stage I. Composition and cost of work:

1. Types of work performed during the construction of a private hotel.

2. Construction costs.

Stage II. Subcontracting:

1. Availability of contractors.

2. Distribution of construction works.

Stage III. Construction equipment:

1. Provision of contractors with construction equipment.

2. The cost of operating construction equipment.

Stage IV. Hotel equipment:

1. List of required equipment.

2. Costs for the purchase of equipment.

Stage V. Raw materials and materials:

1. List of materials

2. Purchase costs.

Stage VI. Labor resources:

1. Availability of a workforce of the required qualifications.

2. Labor costs.

The construction process used in the implementation of the project is of the type of single construction, which is characterized by the uniqueness of the project, the construction of the first three-star hotel in Kamyshin. At the same time, the construction process is carried out on various equipment, including foreign, and also involved Newest technologies used in the West in the construction of private hotels. This entails the involvement of Western specialists, which explains the high level of remuneration.

The construction process consists of four main stages: preparatory work, main work, Finishing work, installation and adjustment of equipment.

During the preparatory work, a site for the construction of a hotel is being prepared, a pit is being pulled out, according to the project for the production of work, equipment and machinery necessary for the construction are imported and installed, temporary fencing and housing are erected.

At the main stage, the foundation is poured, floors are erected, equipment is installed, rooms are equipped.

The final stage implies a final check of the quality of construction, cleaning the territory, inspecting the hotel rooms, preparing them for work.

The composition and cost of work is indicated in table 4.

Table 4. Composition and cost of work.

Name of works	Contractor organization name	Total, thousand rubles
Site preparation	"StroyConsulting"
Installation of the necessary equipment to start construction	Construction equipment and components. Arlit LLC
Digging a pit	"StroyConsulting"
Transport works	LLC "Business Auto"
Pouring the foundation	"StroyConsulting"
Procurement work	"StroyConsulting"
Construction and installation works
Erection of vertical structures (floors)	Construction company "Ventall"
Room stock equipment	Construction company "Ventall"
Exterior decoration	Exterior and interior decoration of buildings. LLC "Business Stroy"
Interior decoration	Exterior and interior decoration of buildings. LLC "Business Stroy"
Installation and adjustment of working equipment	Firm "Aqwalend"
Special work	Construction company "Ventall"

When conducting general construction works a number of subcontractors have been involved in the process, with each of whom a contract is concluded for the construction and operation of the necessary equipment for a period according to the project documentation. List of subcontractors in table 5.

Table 5. Subcontracting.

For construction, according to contracts with subcontractors, construction machines and equipment are required. Taking into account the prices on the market and possible growth prices for the operation and maintenance of construction machines and equipment within two years, a preliminary list of costs is drawn up.

Table 6 Construction equipment.

equipment identification	Quantity, pcs.	Price per hour of work, thousand rubles	Number of page hours	Total, thousand rubles
Jib crane
Concrete pump
Small-piece material conveyor
Single-bucket excavator
Road preparatory machines
Plitovoz
Panel carrier
Truck crane
Construction cradles

Hotel equipment and furniture will be ordered in elite Russian salons, which explains the high level of prices.

Table 7. Equipment for a private hotel.

equipment identification	Quantity, pcs.	Price per piece, thousand rubles	Total, thousand rubles
Garage building
Hotel building
Car "Niva Chevrolet"
Hexagonal aquarium
Billiard table
Fan
Exhibition cabinet

Banknote detector


Air conditioning

Cash machine
Computer equipment
Washing machine
Drying machine
Set of furniture in the rooms

Kitchen equipment

Dishes for the room fund
Towel
Linens
Bathrobe makhr.


Split system
Sport equipment
Television


Fridge

Electric kettle

Table 8 shows the cost of fixed assets, from which depreciation costs are subsequently charged.

Table 8. The cost of fixed assets.

	equipment identification	Total, thousand rubles
	Garage building
	Hotel building
	Car "Niva Chevrolet"
	Hexagonal aquarium
	Billiard table
	Fan
	Exhibition cabinet
	Furniture (reception and accommodation service)
	Banknote detector


	Air conditioning

	Cash machine
	Computer equipment
	Washing machine
	Drying machine
	Set of furniture in the rooms
	Conference room equipment
	Kitchen equipment

	Dishes for the room fund
	Towel
	Linens
	Bathrobe makhr.


	Split system
	Sport equipment
	Television


	Fridge

	Electric kettle

For construction, you will need raw materials and materials. All raw materials and supplies will be purchased in Kamyshin and Volgograd.

Table 9. Raw materials and materials.

Name of materials	Quantity, pcs., Mesh, m3	Price per unit, thousand rubles	Total, thousand rubles




Concrete mix
Floor slabs
Wall panels
Coating slabs
Roof insulation



Synthetic materials
Heat and sound insulation materials

Roofing material
Drywall
Staircases, platforms
Decoration Materials

The number of production personnel is determined based on the functional feasibility and the number of employees of similar construction companies.

The remuneration system in accordance with its creative nature is based on the use of a time-bonus form. In the future, it is planned to switch to a point-based system for organizing remuneration, which takes into account the quantity and quality of labor expended more flexibly.

Remuneration for managers and other categories of workers is based on official salaries and depending on the amount of time actually worked and the achievement of the final results of the enterprise.

Table 10. Number of production personnel and wages fund for 2 years.

	Speciality				Wages fund for 2 years, thousand rubles

	Installer
	Supplier
	Plumber
	Electrician


	Roofer
	Mason
	Plasterer

	Driver
	Finisher
	Handymen

Table 11. The number of managers and other categories of workers and the wages fund for 2 years.

Speciality	Number of employed people	An employee's salary per month, thousand rubles	Wages fund per month, thousand rubles	Wages fund for 2 years, thousand rubles
Gene. Director
Ch. Accountant
Ch. Engineer
Process Engineer
Head of Financial Department
Head of the production department
Site manager
Architect
Designer

Head Warehouse
Cleaning woman

Below are the calculations economic elements construction costs.

Water for technological purposes and waste water intake:

Where: - water costs, thousand rubles;

N is the number of months;

Consumption volume per month, cubic meters m .;

Price for 1 cubic meter m. of water, rub.

З В = 24 * 680 * 16.35 = 266.8 thousand rubles.

Energy costs will be:

Where: - the cost of electricity consumed by the equipment for lighting, thousand rubles;

The amount of consumed electricity, kWh per month.

Tariff rate for one kWh of electricity, rub.

E os = 24 * 14000 * 3.92 = 1317.1 thousand rubles.

The cost of heating the industrial premises will be:

Where: - the cost of heating costs, thousand rubles;

Heated period, months;

Price for 1 Gcal of thermal energy;

The amount of heat energy consumed, Gcal.

Z from = 12 * 824.43 * 140 = 1385.0 thousand rubles.

The cost of gasoline for a car is equal to:

Where: - the cost of gasoline, thousand rubles;

100 km - average daily car mileage

340 - the number of days of operation;

The rate of gasoline consumption per 1 km of track is 0.15 liters;

C - the price of 1 liter of gasoline is 26 rubles.

Z b = 100 * 340 * 0.15 * 24 = 122.4 thousand rubles.

The cost of wages across the enterprise for 2 years will be, thousand rubles.

Where: F - wages fund of the enterprise for 2 years, thousand rubles;

Wages fund of production personnel for 2 years, thousand rubles;

Remuneration fund for managers and other categories of employees for 2 years, thousand rubles

Ф = 5 592 + 3 336 = 8928 thousand rubles.

Unified social tax is charged at a rate of 26% and will amount to:

8928 * 26% = 2321 thousand rubles.

The absolute value of depreciation deductions is determined on the basis of the current depreciation rates for each element of fixed assets in the amount of 20% per year of the original cost table 12.

Table 12. The absolute value of depreciation deductions for fixed assets for two years.

equipment identification	Total, thousand rubles	Depreciation rate,%	Amount of depreciation, thousand rubles
Garage building
Hotel building
Car "Niva Chevrolet"
Hexagonal aquarium
Billiard table
Fan
Exhibition cabinet
Furniture (reception and accommodation service)
Banknote detector


Air conditioning

Cash machine
Computer equipment

Summary: Creating your own business. Creating your own business (prerequisites, problems, principles of creation) The social component of the system of goals for creating your own business

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