Resellers on eBay: making the right choice of the company. American mediation style and Russian realities. "intermediary, intermediary firm" in the books

The word "mediator" appeared in the circulation of ordinary citizens relatively recently - even in relatively recent Soviet times people with this kind of activity were practically absent. This is understandable - the economy was planned, and no one cared about the efficiency of sales. Today, however, we live in capitalism, and commercial intermediaries, for a number of reasons, play the role of almost a locomotive of the economy.

Who are they and their diversity

There are several interpretations of the term "intermediary". The first concerns the processes associated with the circulation of goods and the provision of services. In most cases, there is a layer of some kind between manufacturers of value-added products or services and the end user. actors... They are intermediaries. The second interpretation of the term is a person who helps to establish connections between various business entities (not necessarily a manufacturer and a consumer), contractors. One way or another, intermediaries of all types are united by one property - for some reason, they know that in one place there is a manufacturer of the goods, and in another there is (or should be) a buyer who is eager to purchase this product.

Thus, a person acts as a "conductor" of goods between the factory and the consumer. Intermediaries are people who can perform not only trading functions, but also some others, for example, provide the client with an additional service, the level of which, for one reason or another, is not available to the manufacturer. It is elementary to meet the customer and communicate politely with him, explaining the benefits of the product. Intermediaries in the market and in business are not speculators at all: they only fill the niche (trade and service) between the manufacturer and the purchaser of the goods with their activities. It is profitable to work with them for the obvious reason - a person works for a percentage and is interested in selling as much as possible.

Representatives of this specialty in trade

There is separate category- resellers, despite the fact that almost the entire volume of services of people of this profile is in one way or another concentrated around sales. The key criterion that determines the focus of their work is the availability of a product or service with an established (added) value. This is how such intermediaries differ from, say, financial brokers who work with “virtual” prices for currency or raw materials formed by the exchange. The main task performed by resellers is communication between the manufacturer of the goods and the buyer.

These people make money in two ways - by buying in bulk, which is cheaper, and then by retailing, which is much more expensive, or by receiving commissions for selling the product. What are some examples of specific types of professions related to commercial intermediation? Firstly, these are brokers (sale of goods and services for a commission, the amount of which, as a rule, is agreed in advance). This category of intermediaries includes realtors, the size of the commission is fixed, regardless of what kind of apartments he sells - new buildings or "secondary". Real estate brokers are one of the most common professions in market economies Oh. Secondly, distributors are resellers (sales of goods from a firm to dealers, earn on the price difference). Third, these are the salespeople (universal sellers who advertise and sell goods, earn from a variety of schemes, as a rule, travel from place to place all the time). Fourth, these are dealers (as a rule, they resell goods purchased at a reduced price directly from a distributor or from a manufacturer).

Financial intermediaries

Once upon a time, there was no particular need to conduct other transactions with money, except for buying other goods for them - the currency had a fixed (often tied to the value of gold) price. Now cash flows are a whole field for speculation. This is used by financial intermediaries. Their most active work is in the field of investments. The most demanded function of financial intermediaries here is the assessment of the risks of investing in a project. Thus, the investor entrusts the management of his future capital not to the object of financing directly, but to a certain person who is able to analyze how profitable the project will be, what are its prospects, primarily financial. Intermediaries take on the role of the subject of deciding where the money will be invested.

The easiest way to understand this scheme is through the example of specific institutions. Firstly, these are trustees: they, having received the clients' money, decide how to profitably invest them in shares, assets, or, perhaps, lend to someone. Secondly, these are credit unions - having at their disposal the funds of people who have joined them, they try to use them favorably. Thirdly, banks can also be classified as financial intermediaries (when it comes to deposits). Fourth, it is Insurance companies who, having received money from clients, use it in the framework of various accumulative programs. Fifth, it is pension funds that turn the funds of the citizens who signed the contract into profitable payments when the person completes labor activity... Who are financial intermediaries? These are organizations that specialize in working with cash flows, which can take different forms, but the content in all cases remains approximately the same.

Marketing intermediaries

The market is a multilevel phenomenon. A manufacturer, in order to sell his product, must, firstly, familiarize buyers with the fact of its release, and secondly, deliver the goods end consumer... If you cannot do this on your own, then marketing intermediaries will come to the rescue. There are several types of subjects of such activities. For example, these are companies for logistics support of goods, firms specializing in the storage of products in warehouses, ensuring the safety of manufactured products. Most often, they are approached by manufacturers who do not have internal infrastructure resources for the mentioned types of activities or lack funds for these purposes.

Another category of marketing intermediaries is lenders (or investors) who are able to supply a business working capital to build the necessary infrastructure or expand the staff for product promotion. In addition to lenders, a businessman can turn to insurance companies that offer protection options against business or commercial risks. Another category of marketing intermediaries is firms and entrepreneurs who help the manufacturer to study the market, advertise the product correctly, analyze the demand and, if necessary, adjust the production process.

Service intermediaries

Services, as you know, have a number of features that fundamentally distinguish them from goods - these are intangibility, non-persistence, inseparability from the source of provision, as well as high volatility (variability) of quality. Due to these characteristics, the role of intermediaries in the service sector is usually limited. Since the services are intangible, the client, without testing them personally, will not be able to get an idea of ​​their real properties, the level of service in specific company... Intermediaries can, at best, colorfully describe the source of the service, but the credibility of such actions will not always be high. The client is more likely to consider the recommendation of his acquaintance more believable than a little-known person, even if he speaks very beautifully. At the same time, there is a market for mediation in the service sector, and there are firms specializing in such activities. Their common name is "service franchisor" or "service reseller".

They conclude a contract with a source of services and receive from it a "franchise" - exclusive rights to provide services under a protected trademark, label, technology. The brand owner defines the basic principles by which his services should be provided. If he decides that somewhere else there is a company or entrepreneur capable of providing a service that meets the requirements, then he can conclude a franchise agreement with him and be sure that the client will receive approximately the same as if he came to the "head office" structure.

Retail sphere

There is a subtype of resellers called "retail". They buy goods from a manufacturer or distributor in order to then sell it to the end consumer for a profit. Retail resellers operate on end sites. They have a few basic functions. First, this is a selection. Specialists of a retail brokerage firm analyze supply chains, select the best manufacturers in terms of their business model, and compile product catalogs. Secondly, this is advertising and information work - ordering and placing commercial shows in the media, TV, the Internet, placing information about goods on showcases, printing corporate booklets and creating other sources of product data. Thirdly, this is the placement and storage of goods in warehouses, laying them out on the counter, tracking the freshness and appearance... Fourth, it is technological support transactions with customers - acquiring, settlement and cash services, cash acceptance, exchange and return of products. This may also include lending, discount policy. Fifth, this is the provision of various client services - delivery, handling claims, holding socially significant events.

Logistic intermediaries

The most important component of a manufacturer's work in the market is logistics. There are also intermediaries in this area. They are divided into three main groups - 3PL providers, 4PL providers and narrow profile firms. Logistic intermediaries appeared due to the desire of manufacturers to concentrate and direct free to the main formats of activity. Accordingly, to solve the problems of delivery of goods and factories turn to third-party businesses (in the "outsourcing" format). Firms of a narrow profile, related to logistics intermediaries, are forwarders, operators of cargo and warehouse terminals, transport companies. Each of them is ready to take on a part of the manufacturer's “outsourcing” functions. 3PL (third party logictics) - companies that are able to provide complex logistics services. They perform many functions, but they are all mediators. These are entities that are tightly integrated into the business model of a product manufacturer. The contracts that are concluded between the factory and such organizations, as a rule, are long-term, the relationship is trust. Sometimes 3PL providers take on liability obligations (which is rare for the outsourced services market). There are also 4PL providers - they are firms that offer the most complete range of services, a kind of "benchmark" providers of intermediary services in the field of logistics.

Provision of services via the Internet

With the advent of online trading, the new kind intermediaries. It has no clear definition, let's call them "Internet intermediaries". These are people who ensure the movement of goods from a seller or manufacturer to a buyer using the Internet channels. As a rule, these are legal entities or individuals who help to choose desired product(as an option - they translate the description into the buyer's native language), control delivery, provide exchange or return procedures. Intermediaries connect to online trading in the following main cases. Firstly, if the online store cannot send parcels to the country where the buyer is located. Secondly, the intermediary can help to deliver the goods faster than the seller can do under the standard scheme. Thirdly, the help of third parties may be needed by the buyer if he makes purchases in different stores, and the amount for delivery turns out to be too high - a person is needed who can "collect" different items and send them to more favorable price to one address. Fourth, the interaction of the buyer with in any way is difficult or blocked (for example, the store does not accept Russian bank cards or does not have a menu in Russian).

Features of working with intermediaries

The Russian economy is still developing, and the standards for the provision of many services have not yet been established. Therefore, the relationship between businessmen and intermediaries in our country is characterized by specific features. The youth of the market dictates its own realities. The main feature of the market now is that Russian intermediaries sometimes think tactically - bargaining for a lucrative contract with inflated interest rates. It is not beneficial to anyone. The manufacturer, realizing that he has overpaid, will choose another partner, and the final consumer, due to the high appetites of the intermediary, will be forced to buy the goods at a high price.

V developed countries the approach tends to be different, more “strategic,” and this is very much welcomed by commercial organizations. Intermediaries there do not expect and do not strive for a one-time profit, but try to build long term relationship with manufacturers of goods. Largely for this reason, prices in European and American stores are lower than ours (although the factory cost may be higher). Market experts believe that the development of the official dealer market has the greatest prospects in Russia, when the price of goods offered to the end consumer is recommended by the manufacturer itself. The incentive for resellers is a discount on receipt of products (which can increase if sales go well).

American mediation style and Russian realities

The United States, which has the largest economy in the world, is considered the benchmark provider of professional intermediaries. The style typical for American dealers is showiness, fairness. Mediators' presentations to clients take on the color of pathos, promises of a lot, “everything at once”. This approach is actively promoted in textbooks on marketing in American universities, and more recently in Russian universities. Until now, many marketers in our country believe that American mediators are the bearers of advanced negotiation practices, they are the best in the world, according to gullible Russian experts, professionals in their field. In many ways, the principles of overseas origin are considered the only correct ones.

But to what extent is the style of the American mediator compatible with Russian realities? Experts believe that it is quite small. Russians have developed a certain immunity to presentations, bright, confident speeches of speakers, to intermediaries who sell goods persistently and energetically. Therefore, using American tactics, an intermediary working in Russia may not be faced with a rush of demand for the goods being sold, but with rejection. It should be noted that in the US itself, the client is changing. Sociability, receptivity, gullibility, openness of American buyers remain in the past.

An intermediary firm is a person or firm that stands between the manufacturer and the consumer of a product and promotes it.

A mediator exists where there are civilized market relations. By identifying problems and helping to solve them, the mediator acts as a kind of catalyst.

Trade and intermediary firms include enterprises that are legally and economically independent of the manufacturer and consumer of goods. They act in order to extract a profit, which they receive either as a result of the difference between the prices of producers and the prices at which these goods are sold to buyers, or in the form of remuneration for the services provided to promote goods to the market.

Classification of trading and intermediary firms

The experience of developed market economies shows that a large number of different enterprises, organizations and individuals are involved, which perform trade and intermediary functions.

Intermediary firms can be classified according to various criteria.

According to the main feature is functions performed. On this basis, the following are distinguished:

• universal intermediaries - perform the whole range of services. Ego distributors, wholesalers-merchants;
• specialized intermediaries - perform separate functions, therefore they are divided into:
  • information and contact (facilitate the establishment of economic ties between suppliers and consumers),
  • informational (clean) - do not have a product at their disposal and carry out sales under the terms of the manufacturer,
  • search engines (they are called sales agents) are usually agents of industrial firms who are looking for buyers in certain regions. They work on the basis of a contract or instructions, facilitate the conclusion of transactions between the seller (commodity owner) and the buyer, concluding them on behalf of the commodity owner,
  • attorneys (agents-importers) act on the basis of an agency agreement on behalf of and at the expense of the principal. Agents conclude contracts, which stipulate their powers in terms of technical and commercial terms transactions. The contracts signed by the agents are fulfilled by the principals. Agents receive rewards for their services. Agents can be firms or legal entities licensed for this type of activity,
  • wholesalers-shippers carry out sales by mail, i.e. send catalogs for individual product groups, and orders are sent by mail,
  • wholesale salespeople not only sell for cash, but also deliver goods to customers. Usually this is a limited range of products for short-term storage (bread, milk, fruits),
  • wholesalers-organizers work with those, which are characterized by the lack of packaging (heavy equipment, timber, coal). They do not have stocks of goods, but when they receive an order from a buyer (retailers), they find a manufacturer who ships the goods to the buyer.

Types of intermediaries

On the basis of subordination and the nature of the operations performed, intermediaries can be divided into three types:

• independent;
• formally independent;
• dependent (production-related).

Independent intermediaries

Independent intermediaries(both legal entities and individuals) act on their own behalf and at their own expense. In relation to the manufacturer, they act as buyers who purchase goods on the basis of a sales contract. They become the owners of the product and can sell it in any market and at any price.

Distinguish:

• full service wholesalers who provide storage services commodity stocks, on lending, on delivery of goods, on assistance for management. They can carry out operations with various assortments;
• wholesalers with a limited service cycle, which provide customers with significantly less service. They can trade for cash, no delivery of goods, with usually a more limited assortment.

Independent intermediaries form the backbone of the wholesale system as they close a large number of retail trade enterprises and perform a fairly wide range of operations. This includes dealers, distributors, jobbers, wholesalers, merchants, wholesale enterprises, trading houses, wholesalers-salesmen, wholesalers-organizers, wholesalers-consignors, wholesalers-shippers.

Dealers- a natural or legal person who purchases goods from industrial enterprises and sell them to customers, assuming service responsibilities (minor repairs, supply of spare parts). Their income is formed due to the difference in the prices of purchase and sale.

Distributors(English - distribution) - an individual or legal entity serving various industries, having warehouses and vehicles and implementing commercial activities on their own behalf and at their own expense. Most often they are engaged in the sale of industrial products or sell imported goods on the territory of the country.

A distributor who purchases goods, stores, stores, prepares for final consumption, constitutes a group of distributors "full service" (or regular type).

Distributors of the regular type work according to specialization, have a clear number of positions for each group, so they can use specialized means of transportation, loading, unloading and storage. They are mainly in the mechanical engineering market (computers, televisions, cars).

Another group of distributors - " irregular type»(With an incomplete, limited set of services) only purchases goods from permanent manufacturers and sells them. This is a larger group. They are engaged in the sale of perishable agricultural products or small industrial batches of various assortments on a “buy-take” basis (“cash and carry”), i.e. without services.

Jobbers- dealers who, at their own peril and risk, independently buy and sell goods (in small lots).

Jobbers can also work on stock exchanges. These are stock intermediaries who carry out their intermediary activities, buying up large quantities of goods and immediately selling them to other jobbers or brokers, while earning on the price difference. They make transactions on their own behalf and at their own expense, influence the price level and bear the risk in full.

Formally independent intermediaries

Formally independent intermediaries appeared in connection with the desire of manufacturers to include these enterprises in their production and sales cycle through a system of contracts. For this, the following types of contracts are used:

• contract-commission, which is concluded with attorneys or with sales agents;
• commission agreement, which defines the powers of commission agents (find partners, sign agreements with them on their own behalf, but at the expense of the seller or the buyer);
• simple mediation agreement.

Dependent intermediaries

Dependent intermediaries are authorized sales agents (like the sales department of a manufacturer) and work on the basis of fixed-term and open-ended labor agreements. Dependent intermediaries do not claim goods, working for a commission.

Broker- individuals or legal entities (brokerage houses) who find mutually interested sellers and buyers, bring them together, but do not participate in the transaction, neither on their own behalf, nor on behalf of the guarantor.

Their task is to find a buyer for the products of the manufacturer (seller) and a seller for the buyer and facilitate the signing of a contract between them.

Purchasing offices- independent commercial enterprises. Payment for their services is made at the rate of a certain percentage of annual sales.

By the nature of their activities, purchasing offices are close to brokers (they provide their clients with information about price movements, information about potential partners, conclude transactions at the direction of their clients).

Rice. 12.2. Types of dependent intermediaries

Industrial agents- independent specialized firms that work with non-competing, complementary products and have the exclusive right to sell them in a certain territory.

Sales agents- enterprises and individuals performing, under a contract with a manufacturer, a full range of functions for the distribution of the entire range of products.

Sales Agents- individuals or legal entities who, on the basis of an agreement with the seller or the buyer, have the right to facilitate the conclusion of transactions for a relatively long period. Sales agents act as representatives of sellers and buyers and are rewarded on labor contract depending on the results of the work.

Sales agent groups:

• representatives of manufacturers - individuals or legal entities with whom the manufacturer concludes an agreement, which determines the pricing policy for the purchase and sale of goods, the territory, the boundaries of the agent's activities, the procedure for submitting orders, the system service, the size of the commission rates;
• distributors;
• purchasing agents - representatives of buyers who take responsibility for the safety, quantity, quality and incoming goods. They act on behalf of the buyer and fulfill his conditions for the purchase of goods. For their work, they receive remuneration as a percentage of the volume of purchased and delivered goods.

Intermediary Commissioners act on the basis of a commission agreement concluded with the goods owner or buyer.

Product owners by this kind the transactions are called the consignor. He instructs the commission agent to make transactions on his own behalf and at the expense of the principal, who bears all the commercial risk.

Commission agents act as sellers of goods to third parties, are responsible for the safety of products. They are not responsible for the performance of third party transactions, payment obligations.

Consignee- a wholesaler (enterprises or individuals) who receives goods from the guarantor to his warehouse and sells it on his own behalf, but at the expense of the supplier-manufacturer by a certain date. He offers non-food goods, he sets the price himself. Sends a van to the store, and the representative equips in trading floor display of goods.

The activity is based on a consignment agreement. Consignment agreement - special type commission agreement.

Consignors act mainly in foreign trade transactions. The consignee makes payments to the consignor for the sale of goods. Unsold goods by the deadline may be returned to the consignor.

Trade brokers operate as distributors of a regular type, but have a narrower profile of activities and are associated with bulky goods, the transportation and transfer of which is very laborious.

There are so-called informal intermediaries - as a rule, these are individuals with personal connections in various fields, acting on their own behalf. They rely on their reputation, knowledge, experience and personal relationships. Material obligations, as a rule, do not bear, but receive certain remuneration for their services, and legal contracts and are not bound by obligations.

In recent years, especially in Western countries, a category has appeared "Virtual" intermediaries who use the Internet for their activities. The seller or the buyer places their websites on the Internet, where they indicate their type of activity, offered goods or services.

Factors influencing the choice of intermediary

There are many factors that influence the choice of an intermediary. These include:

• legal security of the intermediary, i.e. he has the necessary and legally correct documents that give him the right to provide intermediary services;
• the competence of the mediator, i.e. knowledge of the essence of the tasks that he needs to solve, knowledge consumer properties goods, the ability, if necessary, to promptly assist in the transportation, storage, safety of goods, timely payment for the goods as agreed;
• financial security, i.e. the ability of the intermediary to fulfill its obligations and bear material responsibility in accordance with the agreements concluded by the interested parties;
• the reputation of the intermediary, i.e. the opinion of those who have already used or are using its services, correctness in the preparation and implementation of their obligations and agreements.

EBay is the most famous online auction today. Many people have learned to use it and are successfully doing business. But, it will be quite difficult for a beginner because of the large number of goods, the peculiarities of the technology of choosing a product, choosing and bidding for a lot, paying and delivering it to your home. Naturally, a beginner will have a lot of questions about how to simplify this whole process. In such cases, intermediary firms will come to the rescue, who will help you find the right product, trade correctly, negotiate with the seller of the lot, pay for the product and deliver it to your home.
Of course, if you play on eBay on your own, you can create a positive rating for yourself, and in this case you can refuse the services of intermediary firms. But, sometimes situations arise when the help of intermediary firms in the purchase of goods is simply necessary.

For example, there are times when eBay auction sellers refuse to cooperate with residents of Eastern Europe due to the large number of scammers and online scammers. But, gradually, trust is growing. Although some sellers still do not trust our compatriots and refuse to work with them.
The second example is the purchase of an expensive product, such as jewelry, a car, etc. In this case, it is better to use the services of intermediary firms, which will reduce the risk associated with such an expensive purchase. If the product does not reach you or does not come in its original form, then you can return the amount spent or compensate for the damage received.
The third example is a simplified form of payment. You pay for the goods to the intermediary firm, and she pays for the purchase to the seller in the stated form of payment and in the way that is most suitable for the owner of the goods.
The fourth example - an intermediary firm will deliver a guaranteed good product, since it receives it at an office located in the same country as the seller, checks the goods and only then sends it to the buyer.
The services of intermediary firms are naturally not free, but in their price lists you can find exactly indicated amounts for certain services. When choosing a company, do not chase the lowest price proposals, approach this task responsibly, read reviews, see the working hours on the intermediary market, etc.

The right choice of intermediary remains, so we present you with a list of the most profitable, proven and honest intermediaries:

affiliate program overseas shopping service.

It is much cheaper to buy a lot of goods in American and European online stores and on eBay than in Russia. But far from everything that is sold abroad, sellers deliver to Russia. We can help you shop in the UK and USA as easily as if you were there.

The way of your purchase:

Seller in USA or UK> Our warehouse> Your home.

The company system generates a promo code that you must enter during registration. After you make your first purchase and we receive the goods to our warehouse, you will receive $ 5 on your account.

Here's the code:

eBayWorld

In the USA, many things are several times cheaper than in Russia. But most people do not even think about the possibility of shopping abroad. It seems to be difficult. But, thanks to the service, shopping abroad is very easy!

What does eBayWorld offer?

• Delivery of goods from eBay auction... The service has a sniper that allows you to win bids for the lowest price and significantly save on purchases! Buying on eBay becomes very easy.
• Delivery of goods from any online stores in the USA... With eBayWorld, you can buy ANY product from ANY American online store as easily as if you were in the United States.
• Service "Virtual address in the USA"... This service will be useful for those who speak English well and have experience of independent shopping abroad. The service "Virtual address in the USA" provides you with a delivery address that you can use when paying for goods in the online store! The company's employees will accept your parcels and send them to Russia at your real address.
• Convenient payment methods... You don't need to sign up for PayPal or risk your bank card to make purchases. EbayWorld accepts rubles, electronic money (Yandex.Money, WebMoney, Qiwi-wallet, etc.), money transfers and much more.
• Low commission - from 7%... The service has a system of rewarding regular customers. The more you use the services of the service, the less commission you pay. This is very beneficial for those who make a lot of purchases!

You can buy things abroad 2-3 times cheaper!

Resellers are very often mentioned in the context of purchases in foreign online stores. However, in recent years, the meaning of this term has changed a lot and does not mean exactly what it used to be. What's the matter? What are intermediary services now and who actually provides them? Let's try to figure it out.

Mediators. What is it?

A good ten years ago, when our compatriots were just starting to master foreign shopping, it was a slightly different picture than it is now. No, iconic American online stores such as Amazon.com, 6pm.com, eBay.com and many others have already been, but they overwhelmingly have orders from overseas customers. did not accept... And many of our compatriots, accustomed to traditional shopping, even if there was an opportunity to make an order on their own, were wary of this business.

• Service commission for intermediary services is 10-15%.
• Work with all ebay and Amazon branches: USA, UK, Germany, etc.
• A wide range of free services (including SMS informer).
• Frequent promotions: big discounts, free shipping.
• Full support service, account replenishment in dozens of ways, including QIWI and RBK Money.
• Simple and intuitive one-click ordering system.

• Shopozz.ru is:
  • Low commission from 7%;
  • Convenient multiple payment methods;
  • Individual approach to each client;
  • Russian-language support service (multichannel numbers 8-800);
  • eBay - Sniper;
  • Warehouses in 5 countries of the world (USA, UK, Germany, Japan, China);
  • Purchase / delivery of goods directly from the Apple Store.
• The service "Virtual address" (Mail Forwarding) is provided separately.
• Provided Additional services: "Checking the goods", "Photos of the goods", "Insurance of the goods", "Customs clearance".
• Weekly commission discounts up to 50% on the most popular foreign online stores (Apple Store, Victoria's Secret, Adidas, Puma, Reebok, Burberry, Lego and others).
• Official website of the service: http://shopozz.ru/.
• Contact us for any question you are interested in: http://shopozz.ru/contacts.

Transport company Dnipro is one of the largest carriers of goods from the USA to the Russian Federation, Ukraine and other countries of the former Soviet Union.

• Intermediary services for purchases in any online stores in the United States, postal forwarding.
• One of the lowest rates for the delivery of parcels incl. oversized and oversized in The Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other countries.
• Free consolidation, storage in a warehouse for up to 3 months, tracking of each parcel and an individual approach to customers.
• Low rates for intermediary services: only $ 10 for orders up to $ 200 and 5% of the amount if the cost is higher.

Alfaparcel Ltd. provides services for the purchase, payment and delivery of goods from the UK.

• A separate UK virtual address service is provided. The service is intended for those who pay for goods on their own. A customer purchases a cell from an Alfaparcel warehouse and makes purchases as a UK resident.
• You will be able to access products that are sold on:
  • UK branch of eBay.co.uk auction
  • British online stores. For your convenience, we have compiled a catalog of online stores, which we regularly replenish, you can familiarize yourself with it directly on our website.
  • Clothing, Appliances, computers, antiques and much more from England. We provide a full range of services for the purchase of goods by clients from the CIS countries.
  • We provide representation services for individuals and legal entities Russia, Ukraine and other CIS countries.
  • One of the directions of our activity is the sale of literature on English language, including antique ones.

SKYPE: alfaparcel

Support phone: +441945585562 (UK).

Section 1. Types of intermediaries.

Section 3. Peculiarities of activity intermediaries.

Section 4. Rights intermediaries.

Section 5. Remuneration of intermediaries.

Mediator - is it in commerce - a person, or firm, standing between the manufacturer and the purchaser of the product and promoting its turnover.

Mediator - in jurisprudence it is a person organization or assisting the seller and to the buyer in the conclusion and execution of the contract.

Mediator - it is a legal (organization,) or physical. a person assisting in the completion of any transaction. Example of a commercial intermediary:, broker.

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Types of intermediaries

Simple - trading companies, persons and organizations that contribute to the conclusion of contracts, but themselves are not involved in their implementation. (brokers or brokerage organizations).

Attorneys-firms, persons or organizations that are involved sellers or buyers (trustees) to make transactions on behalf of and at the expense of trustees.

Commission agents are firms, individuals and organizations that look for partners and sign sales contracts on their own behalf, but at the expense of sellers or buyers (consignors) who bear the commercial.

Consignors are a kind of commission agents working on certain conditions, in particular, they accept goods to your warehouse; sell them in the markets for long term; unsold goods can be returned to the manufacturer.

Agents - legal (companies, organizations) or individuals performing certain operations on behalf of another person (principal) at his expense and on his behalf, as well as ensuring the preparation of transactions, but usually without the right to sign an agreement.

Sales - independent trade organizations selling goods. (Merchants, resellers, distributors).

Directions in mediation

Simple: brokers or brokerage companies - looking for and bringing together interested sellers and buyers, but do not invest their funds in the execution of transactions, do not appear in sales contracts as a party. They work mainly on serious markets(in Britain - market forests).

Attorneys: their services are used when the businessmen themselves conclude contract they do not know how, but they can fulfill it. V international trade the services of foreign attorneys are rarely used. They are called differently: in the Republic of Germany - sales representatives, in Switzerland - agents, in France - sales agents.

Commissioners: concludes concessions purchase and sale on its own behalf and acts in it as (sometimes agrees with the client the listed technical and commercial provisions before the commission agent signs the purchase and sale transaction)

Consignees: take goods to their warehouse; sell them on the markets for a long time term; unsold goods may be returned to the manufacturer.

Agents: perform certain operations on behalf of another person (principal) at his expense and on his behalf; provide preparation of transactions, but usually without the right to sign an agreement.

Features of the activities of intermediaries

Simple: market research; informing about trends in the development of goods and markets; meeting and providing representatives and their product with premises, transport; company of business meetings with contractors; advertising; creating a favorable opinion; informing about upcoming large purchases, tenders.

Commissioners: market research; advertising, technical maintenance of trade items; protection of the commercial interests of the principal.

Consignors: the ability to raise prices for a product if it goes well marketing.

Agents: in different countries interpreted in different ways: in the USA and England - any intermediary (simple, attorney, commission agent), in the Euro-continental - simple or attorney; may also name dealers, brokers, personal representatives, lawyers who carry out their actions with the knowledge of the principal under an agency agreement for a fee.

Sales: conclusion of contracts of purchase and sale on its own behalf, both with sellers and with buyers (independently); market research; advertising of goods and manufacturer; maintenance of warehouses of stock of goods; performance of pre-sale service and pre-sale completion of goods; creation of a stable sales network, which may include regional distributors, end sellers (dealers); providing technical. service of products at all levels; are responsible for all types of risks (damage, loss of the purchased product, etc.; they themselves appoint the price; are responsible for risks on loans of buyers.

The rights of intermediaries

Non-exclusive right sales... The intermediary gets the right to sell products in a certain territory for a certain time. But this does not prevent the manufacturer from attracting here and in the same period and other intermediaries for the marketing of this product. On such conditions, the manufacturer can insist when entering a new one in order to, working with different intermediaries, compare them and choose the most promising one.

Exclusive right to sell. Having provided such conditions to an intermediary, a manufacturer in a certain territory at a specified time cannot sell the same goods either himself or through other intermediaries. In this regard, the agreement with the intermediary on such terms includes a number of clauses, for example, that the manufacturer: can sell such a product to government organizations, bypassing the intermediary; not to pay remuneration for the sale of a product under contracts concluded before the contract; sell spare parts under contracts concluded before the contract; to sell, bypassing the intermediary, if it is bought as a component of another product, etc. The following conditions may be included in the agreement: the intermediary's obligation to sell a certain amount of the product within a certain time frame; the possibility of canceling the agreement if the previously specified condition is not met; not to trade in the same product from other suppliers (or maybe to trade if the goods complement each other and their joint sale contributes to an increase in sales).

Preemptive right to sell (“first hand” right). Under this condition, the manufacturer of the product is obliged to the presuppliers of the product, first of all, to the intermediary, and only after his refusal, to another (without payment of remuneration to the first) intermediary or to sell it independently. In the mediator's agreement with supplier list the reasons why the intermediary can refuse the product: unsatisfactory specifications; low quality; overpriced price; unacceptable terms of payment.

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Intermediary fees

Payment of the difference between the selling price of a product on the market and the price at which the product is transferred to an intermediary. Stimulates the intermediary to increase sales volumes, but is not interested in increasing the price at which he receives the product from supplier... It can be used when the supplier knows well the selling prices of similar goods on the market.

Calculation of an agreed percentage of the price at which the product is transferred to the intermediary and which is set at the same level as the sale in the market. Stimulates the growth of sales volumes, motivates the intermediary to increase the price of the goods sold. The interests of the supplier and the intermediary are the same.

supplierfy "> Mixed form of settlement: calculation of remuneration in the form Percentage from Sales and Differences prices. The nominal sales of the Product and the Price at which the Product is transferred to the Intermediary are established. This method can be used if the Supplier is able to control the actual Prices at which the Intermediary sells his Product.

Remuneration in a fixed, pre-agreed amount. It is used in calculations for certain types services of the Intermediary: for targeted research of the Market for a new Product; advertising event; getting legal advice... Calculation of remuneration according to the “Cost + premium” system. In payments for the fulfillment of individual orders of the Supplier. The intermediary provides documents confirming the costs, and the Supplier pays them and pays a premium calculated by the agreed method (with the interest to the costs).

Payment of additional incentive remuneration for the fulfillment of obligations. You can set, for example, a fee for the regularity of maintenance. The costs associated with technical maintenance and the agreed additional remuneration are paid if the Intermediary provides documents that Maintenance produced regularly and with high quality.

Sources of

bestreferat.ru - Abstracts

glossary.ru - Glossary

ru.wikipedia.org Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

bobych.ru - Abstracts

Investor encyclopedia. 2013 .

Synonyms:

See what "Mediator" is in other dictionaries:

Mediator- Mediator: Legal mediator (firm, organization) or individual assisting in the completion of any transaction. An example of a commercial intermediary: broker, dealer, broker. Films "Mediator": Mediator (film, 1968) American ... ... Wikipedia

Mediator- (intermediary) Any person or organization acting as an agent (See: agency or broker between parties to a transaction. See also: financial intermediary; independent ... ... Financial vocabulary

mediator- Attorney, representative, authorized, envoy, ambassador, envoy, broker, broker, commission agent, reseller, broker, agent, factor; intercessor, walker, voyager, elected, delegate, deputy, emissary, envoy; intermediary link, point ... ... Synonym dictionary

INTERMEDIARY- an intermediary, m. 1. A person who connects, brings together the seller and the buyer or makes a transaction on behalf of others, in the interests of the seller and the buyer; commission agent. An exchange intermediary is called a broker. || transfer Means of communication, communication. Mail… … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Mediator 2- Pointman Genre Comedy Starring Jack Scalia Country USA Year 1994 ... Wikipedia

 

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