Bureyskaya HPP is the most powerful hydroelectric station on yes. The largest power station in the Far East of Russia large hydroelectric power station

The Far East is very rich in hydropower resources, but there are not so many people and industries. In this regard, to master the rivers of the hydropower region began only in 1964, when the construction of the unique Zeyskaya HPP, which I will tell today and will tell you.

The Zeyskaya HPP is located, as it is not difficult to guess from her name, on the Zee River (the influx of Amur), in the Amur region. Power HPP - 1,330 MW, average annual production of 4,910 million kWh., The station is among the ten largest hydroelectric power plants.

The uniqueness of the station primarily lies in its dam - it is not solid, as usual, and the hollow is a concrete massive-counter-afforest. It is simplified, it represents the wall, undercover by other walls - counterphorts. It can be clearly seen in this picture:

From the side of the lower biefe, the counterforts are closed with a concrete slab (this allows for a favorable temperature regime inside the dam), which is why the sensation is created that the dam is monolithic. The maximum height of the dam is almost 116 meters.

The river on the construction of the station was blocked October 13, 1972

Photos of construction period

The station's dam, in my opinion, is beautiful. It is not for nothing about photographs of the Zeyskaya HPP very often illustrate articles about a variety of hydroelectric power plants.

Zeyskaya HPP has created a large reservoir of 68 km3 and useful - 38 km3. Such a large container allows you to effectively accumulate floods and significantly reduce the risk of flooding. In particular, on July 19, 2007, the influx of the Zeyskaya HPP reservoir reached 15,200kub. M / s - in fact, a catastrophic flood has been formed in the Zea valley, which sometimes happens once every 250 years. The reservoir of the hydroelectric power station cut the flood three times up to 5000 cu. m / s and saved the underlying settlements from inevitable destruction.

Water supply work

Typical picture in the Zea Valley before the construction of the HPP

Another highlight of the station is its turbine. They are diagonal - their blades are located at an angle of 45 degrees. Such turbines are structurally comprehensively more than the radial-axis used on the same Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, but can work effectively at large pressure fluctuations. A total of 6 Turbine stations, at the time of creation they were the world's largest turbines of this type.

Actually, turbine

Crater hydraulic unit

Engine room

He is in the process of construction

Automation

Central control panel

Transformers

Open switchgear.

Recently, the Zeyskaya HPP lost the title of the most powerful hydroelectric station of the Far East of the Burya HPP, but its importance for the region's power system is still very large - almost the fifth of the electricity consumed in it is produced by the waters of Zey.

The Burea hydroelectric station is the largest power station in the Far East, is among the top ten most powerful hydropower plants. Located on the River Burea, in the Amur region. The installed capacity is 2,010 MW, the average annual electricity generation is 7.1 billion kWh.

Photos and text of the Glory Stepanova

In 1985, the first concrete was laid in the dam body. Since 1989, the construction financing has declined sharply, which led to the actual suspension of work and serious social consequences. The first hydraulic unit of the station was launched in 2003, the last - in 2007.

In 2009, after the extension of the waterways before the design values, the Bureyskaya HPP was removed at full capacity - 2,010 MW.

Concrete gravitational dam length 744 meters:

View from the ridge on the waterways:

About 4 million cubic meters of concrete laid in the dam.

Dam Crest in the Dawn Fog:

The height of 140 meters high is the highest dam of this type in our country. This is commensurate with a 50-storey house high.

The weight of the dam is about 15 million tons.

The dam forms a reservoir reservoir with an area of \u200b\u200b750 sq. Km, located on the territory of the two constituent entities of the Federation - the Amur region and Khabarovsk Region. It was filled for 6 years.

The annual development of the reservoir level is 16-19 m. Ice debris is clearly visible, as far as the water level in the reservoir is worked.

Water-feline debris. The water supply is designed to reset the excessive flow of water in the flood and flood, when the inflow cannot be passed through the hydraulic units:

To turbines, water is supplied to six huge reinforced concrete waterways:

Each water conduit with a diameter of 8.5 meters:

In the HPP building, there are 6 hydraulic units with a capacity of 335 MW each.

The machine room has a length of 150 meters.

Rotation frequency hydro turbines - 125 rpm.

With the help of these blades, water flow through a turbine is regulated:

Relay protection and automation systems:

Central control panel:

To submit electricity from generators on Krue, a special tunnel for a 500-kilovol cable was broken in the rocks.

The average annual temperature in the area of \u200b\u200bHPP is negative (-3.5 ° C). In January, the average monthly temperature is -31 ° C (the absolute minimum is -57 ° C).

Construction of coastal fortifications:

Protect against floods

An abnormal flood, which collapsed to the Far East in 2013, showed: the presence of the Zeysky and Burea hydroelectric station turned out to be a real blessing. Reservoirs of these stations kept lion Flood

Plotina Zeyskaya HPP
© RusHidro.

An unexpected abnormal flood, which collapsed on the DFO regions in 2013 was the strongest in the entire history of hydrological observations and unique coverage: great water came to all the rivers of the pool, including those located in Chinese territory. At the same time, the element showed: the presence of the Zeysky and Burea hydroelectric station on the tributaries of the Amur was a real blessing. The reservoir of these stations helped hold back the lion's share of "ultra-high" water, which made it possible to avoid victims among the population and, one way or another, to protect the main energy facilities "RAO ES EAST" from large-scale destruction.

Russian President Vladimir Putin put the task of developing measures to protect measures to protect the economy and the population of the Far East regions from the floods of such force. Already in 2014, RusHydro has developed a program for the construction of so-called anti-phase hydropower plants on the bortions of the Amur, which will allow you to maintain the river more stronger and, thus, to fully protect the DFO regions from the floods of any strength. This program lay down the diagram of anti-phase hydraulic centers in the Amur basin, developed back in the 1980s. Then the specialists of the Lenhydroproject were offered to build a hydroelectric station on the River Shilka (Cupil begins with the merger of Shilka and Arguni in Transbaikali), Cascade HPP on Selemende (the most powerful influx of Zea, which flows into this river below the current Zeyskaya HPP), station on the Gilui River (one more The influx of the ZIE, which flows today in the reservoir of the hydroelectric station), the lower Zeyskaya HPP (Zeyskaya HPP counterpercore, below the station is 300 km), the Nynda-Nymanskaya station on the Nyman River (flows into the Burue reservoir) and two Dalnerechnoe hydroelectric power plants on the River Bolshaya Ussurka (Amur River In Primorye). In the amount of the reservoir of these stations, almost 30 cu is capable of accumulating. km of water, which in the theory will make it possible to cut the level of the Amur in the catastrophic flooding up to 680 cm.

As a result, the program included the projects of the Nizhne-Zeyskaya (400 MW), Selemadzhin (300 MW), Giluic (462 MW) and the Nynda-Niman (600 MW) of hydroelectric power plants with large anti-phase reservoirs. The priority objects in RusHydro consider the Lower Zeysky and Selemian hydroells. They can add each other. The Nizhne-Zeyskaya HPP as a counter-regulator of the Zea station (as well as the Lower Bureyskaya HPP under the Burea) will help to regulate the river to such a level, in which possible damage will be expelled for at least seven settlements in the Amur region. It will be calmer and below for the flow of Zei, partly - on the middle course of the Amur. And the creation of the Selemajin reservoir provided collaboration With a cascade of the Zeysky and the Nizhne-Zeyskaya HPP, will give an even stronger anti-phase effect, which will spread to the entire lower course of the Zea, as well as on the middle Amur (up to mouth with the Sungari River).

For "Siberia Power" and China

Each station, in addition to performing anti-phase functions, can also act as a source of environmentally friendly electricity. The problem is only that it is still completely incomprehensible to whom this energy is needed. Therefore, sources of financing are unclear. Obviously, for the country's budget it will be too expensive. For "RusHydro" - especially. Therefore, "RusHydro" is focused on the following model: a certain part of the production of new HPP can be supplied to the domestic market - for the needs, such as the objects of the gas transmission system "Power of Siberia". However, most of the electricity will still be exported, probably in China. There is an interest in this country to anti-phase hydropower plants: the stronger the Amur on the Russian side will be registered, the easier it will be Chinese territories, it is also important that the settlement on the other side of the border is much higher than in Russia. It remains to negotiate.

At the end of 2014, RusHydro signed an agreement with the Chinese Corporation "Three Gorges" (Shina Three Gorges Corporation), within which the creation of a joint venture is expected to organize funding, construction and operation in the Amur region and the Khabarovsk region of anti-phase hydroelectric power plants. The cost of each HPP will be clarified after the preparation of projects until the energy is avoiding any, even estimated numbers. Probably, the financial models are based on project financing. The parameters of long-term contracts for the supply of electricity also depend on the Chinese partner: negotiations with the state power grid company of China will lead exactly "three gorges", this task is fixed in the agreement.

In the near future, a competitive selection of contractors for the development of technical and economic justification Projects for the construction of all anti-phase hydropower plants. The results of this work besides project documentationWith which no construction is not possible in principle, will also contain proposals for financial models of projects, as well as forecasts for sales markets and working conditions with banks, ready to finance the construction of these stations. Developed documentation, firstly, will be proposed for consideration by Chinese partners, and secondly, it will fall into the ground to create a JV RusHydro and Three Gorges, after which the parties will appreciate the economic feasibility of projects and export prospects. In the meantime, RusHydro, together with the Chinese partner plans to deal with the formation of the infrastructure of the future joint venture.

Nizhnebouria training

The first step in this direction was already made - in May 2015, RusHydro and "Three Gorges" agreed to consider the possibility of creating a joint venture for the completion and subsequent operation of the Nizhne-Burea hydroelectric station, the construction of which from 2010 was conducted in the Amur region on the River Burya. All station hydraulic units are planned to be commissioned in 2016. The design capacity of the Lower Bureau hydroelectric power station - 320 MW, the average annual production will be 1.65 billion kWh. The main consumers of the station will be primarily infrastructure facilities: for example, the Siberian Power gas pipeline, or the East cosmodrome, the construction of which should be completed in the Amur region at the end of this year. In addition, part of the production of the Lower Burea HPP can go for export. Perhaps this project, which is at the stage of active construction, can act as a base for working out the mechanism of interaction between RusHydro and the Chinese company.

The next project can be the lower Zeyskaya HPP. It was this project that was recognized as the most worked out from the point of view of previously conducted pre-projects and economic Evaluation. And, accordingly, among the four anti-bottling hydrauses, the project to create the second stage of the Zeysky hydrocarbage was determined by the most priority for the preparation of the banking feasibility study.

Heavy generation and network

On coal and gas

Program perspective development Holding "RAO ES EAST" includes a number of objects whose construction is planned until 2025, among them - four priority objects of thermal energy

Construction of the second stage of the Blagoveshchensk CHP
© "RAO ES EAST"

According to the calculations of the specialists of RAO ES EAST, until 2025, the Far East will require approximately 4 GW of new power. From this volume, the main part of the input (about 2.5 GW) will go to the replacement of the departure of the older. Such is the price of total inappropriateness in the industry that lasted without a small quarter of a century! And 1.5 GW of new capacities will be directed to cover perspective demand - already calculated and often confirmed by agreements. At the same time, the cumulative confirmed volume of consumption of the approved TOR at the moment is already exceeding 350 MW.

The program of promising development of the holding includes a number of objects whose construction is scheduled to 2025. Among them are the four priority objects of thermal energy, for the construction of which in December 2012, a decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin from the state budget "RusHydro" 50 billion rubles were allocated. These targets are now used to build the first queues of the Yakut and Sakhalin GRES-2, Soviet CHP (Khabarovsk Territory) and the 2nd stage of the Blagoveshchensk CHP (Amur region). Entering these stations will give 553 MW of electricity and 875 Gcal / h thermal power. At the end of 2015, it is planned to start the second line of the Blagoveshchensk CHP, the rest of the objects will be introduced until 2017. Their main purpose is to replace the dropping capacities of the current CHP and GRES, which are hopelessly outdated.

The program includes the Eastern CHP in Vladivostok, the entry of which will provide about 20% of the demand of the port city in electricity. As well as a number of other objects, for example, Artemovskaya CHP-2, a vapor-gas installation on Vladivostok CHP-2, GTA-CHP "Zmeinka" and "Blue Sopka", Bilibino CHPP in Chukotka, the second stage of the Yakutskaya GRES-2 and Khabarovsk CHP-4. In addition, Far Eastern Energoholding plans to serious investments in the network complex.

In one chain

Among other iconic projects, it is possible to allocate, for example, TM-35 thermal injection in Khabarovsk. This route will allow you to shine all three Khabarovsk stations to one technological chain, which will strengthen the possibilities for maneuvering and increase the reliability of the power supply of the capital of the Far East.

Another ambitious project is an energy commodity between the Magadan region and Chukotka. The reasons for its implementation are the conclusion from the sole in the Far East nuclear power plant - Bilibino NPP and input of the floating nuclear power plant in Pevek (Chao). In the future, Chaun-Bilibino Energy Supplies Chukotka autonomous District It can be attached to the power system of the Magadan region. The project provides for the construction of two power lines 220 and 110 kV, a length of 1100 and 300 km, respectively. Their estimated cost is about 93 billion rubles. Now "RAO ES EAST" is working on the financial part of the project. According to the general director of Magadanenergo, Vladimir Milomemovsky, it is beneficial for both territories, since it will, in fact, to tie two large isolated power systems for the first time. So, additionally download the effective energy ingrediality of the Ust-Midkanaya HPP on Kolyma, the energy of which can go to the needs of mining and processing industries in the North Even district of the Magadan region and in Chukotka.

"Considering that now our cumulative capacity is 9 GW, we have to rebuild the power system in the coming years in the coming years," emphasizes cEO "RAO ES EAST" Sergey Tolstoguzov. The total amount of necessary investment in the development of the energy sector of the Far East is estimated by more than 700 billion rubles. Of these, about 630 billion rubles. We need for the objects of the "RAO ES EAS" objects - on the modernization and construction of new generation, the development of thermal and distribution networks.

Renewable energy

Sun and wind instead of diesel and fuel oil

Despite the high cost of renewable technologies, especially in comparison with diesel generation, such objects due to saving on the veneer of fuel pay off within 7-12 years

SES in the village. Batagai.
© RusHidro.

To get to the village of Batami, in Kobyaysky Ulus Yakutia, you can, on the river Lena, or in the winter, which is paved on ice, or on a boat. For 250 people of the population here - a combined school and kindergarten, Feldsher, as well as a wooden residential foundation. This locality It can be considered exemplary from the point of view of the prospects for the development of renewable energy in the Far East. According to Rosstat, there are more than 2 thousand autonomous power plants with a total capacity of 990 MW on the territory of the DFO (more than half of them in Yakutia), annually developing about 1.2 billion kWh to supply small and scattered around the villages. They will never stretch the network from centralized sources of power supply, and therefore they will continue to live on autonomous generation - as a rule, diesel or fuel oil.

The annual volumes of the "Northern Express" are estimated at 320 thousand tons of conditional fuel, and the costs of them - in an amount exceeding 9 billion rubles. These are the colossal means. Only one comparison is enough: the annual expenses of RAO ES EAST for the preparation of the company's facilities to the heating season are 10-11 billion rubles.

Expand

Is it possible to save on the expenditures on the "golden" diesel? Experience accumulated in soviet yearsshows that it is possible - and precisely through the use of renewable technologies. Thus, in the Kamchatka Territory in the structure of "RusHydro" there are objects of geothermal energy (they are managed by a subsidiary of Geoterm JSC) - Pozhetskaya, Mutnovskaya and Verkhne-Mutnovskaya geocece with a cumulatively installed capacity of 74 MW. Today, these unique stations provide up to 30% of the power consumption of the Central Kamchatka Energy Supply, allowing to significantly weaken the dependence of the peninsula from expensive imported fuel oil. But volcanoes in the Far East are not everywhere. Another thing is the energy of the sun and wind. "We also considered biotechnology and mini-hydroelectric power plants, but by assessing them economic efficiency, they came to the conclusion that they would not become mass in the Far East, most likely are some one-time projects. But the sun and the wind are already in different regions of the DFO serious potential in various regions, "Alexei Kaplun, Deputy General Director of RAO ES EAST, noted in an interview with" Gazeta.Ru "on strategy and investment. - We see the greatest potential in Yakutia, there are quite serious opportunities associated with helioenergy. Primorye is solar stations and wind generators, Kamchatka - windmills and mini hydroelectrics, geothermal stations. Sakhalin and Chukotka we associate with wind generation. "

Perspectives of "Green Energy"

Even the first results are impressive. For example, on a diesel station in Batama were installed solar panelswhich allowed immediately reduce consumption diesel fuel. Since then, eight solar power plants have been built in Yakutia, and in different climatic peculiarities of areas. Five wind power plants are placed on the territory of the Kamchatka Territory, the Sakhalin region and Yamal. The Development Program of the RES company provides input until 2020, 178 wind and solar stations with a total capacity of about 146 MW. Its cost is -19.9 billion rubles. The world's largest in the world will be the SES in the Yakut Bataga, the first of the construction of which (with a capacity of 1 MW) "RAO ES EAST" completed in June. In the future, power will be enlarged four times. The company will cost 158 \u200b\u200bmillion rubles, but will save up to 300 tons of fuel per year.

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At the same time, no one is going to completely abandon diesel generation in the harsh conditions of the Far East. The problem is that RES resources are unstable - the level of insolation in some places varies significantly depending on the time of year, and the wind force is not constant. Nevertheless, to introduce OE-generation in the most costly isolated points turns out to be extremely effective. Despite some high cost and SES, and WES, especially in comparison with diesel stations, such objects, according to the calculations of RAO ES EAST, pay off within 7-12 years. Exclusively at the expense of saving on the veneer of fuel!

The Development Program, the Far East, there are other advantages. First of all, such objects can become multipliers of growth of multiple sectors of the economy - from the production of equipment that is currently mostly imported to maintenance and engineering. Not to mention the fact that due to the "green energy" it will be possible to reduce the level of emissions from power plants operating on traditional fuels.

Export of electricity

Energy for foreigners

Exports of electricity Even with the current state of the network infrastructure in the Far East, you can increase to 6 billion kWh ∙ h annually

View of the Bureau HPP
© Vladimir Smirnov / Tass

"RusHydro" and "RAO ES EAST" are not engaged in direct exports of electricity. For such deliveries in Russia, another state farming is "Interrao", which sells surplus, not demanded in the domestic market, primarily in China. According to the company for 2014, as a whole, the export of electricity from Russia decreased by 19.9%, only slightly exceeds the figure of 14 billion kWh. At the same time, supplies to China fell by 3.4%, to 3.37 billion kWh, and in Mongolia - by 5.6%, up to 390 million kWh. The stateholding explained such indicators for long-term deposits in the repair of network equipment.

At the end of the first half of 2015, the overall picture has changed radically: exports from Russia increased by 42.2%, to 9.1 billion kWh ∙ h (primarily due to supplies to Ukraine, the volumes of which were shot at 70 times!). But exports to China and Mongolia continued to fall: in the first case - by 12.2%, in the second - already at 28%. In RusHydro, they explained it by low water, observed in the second half of last year, due to which the water reserves in the Zeysk and Burea hydroelectric reservoirs by the beginning of 2015 were significantly reduced. As a result, power engineers had to dramatically reduce discharges from the hydroses, which led to a decrease in the production. Additional load was transferred, naturally, heat stations operating in the East East. But the development of hydropowering of HPP has not been able to replace falling as a result. Therefore, by decision of the ODU East, export deliveries were reduced, primarily in the interests of the internal consumer. Moreover, by the end of the year, even with a favorable hydrological environment, the development of the two largest hydroelectric power plants is still expected to be 8-11% lower than the values \u200b\u200bof last year.

Not only hydroelectric power station, but also TPP

Until 2013, the entire amount of electricity generated by the power plants of the RusHydro group (thermal and hydropower plants) is supplied to the wholesale market for tariffs installed by FTS for generators working in the East OES. The surplus was supplied to Interrao on bilateral treaties, the price for which was limited to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation (no more than two tariffs for generating the OES of the East). From October 1, 2013, changes have been made to the Rules of OREM, thanks to which the bilateral conclusion of bilateral contracts appeared (they include the share of the supply of hydroelectric power plants and TPPs, the same for the entire package), which made it possible to get a tangent price, interesting for the buyer, The RusHydro group to conclude bilateral treaties not only on hydropower plants that have the lowest tariffs in the East East, but also under TPPs, tariffs for which is an order (sometimes to two) higher. Since then, OJSC DGK ("daughter" RAO ES EAST ", the main electricity producer on thermal stations in the East East) began to receive an additional revenue, which is sent to maintain the reliability of power supply, update and modernization of heat generating equipment, which has known, is very large wear.

According to RusHydro, last year the volume of export deliveries throughout the package of bilateral contracts amounted to 1.745 billion kWh ∙ h (the remaining volumes of "Interrao" bought in the domestic market in a single procureor - JSC DEK (enters the holding of OAO RAO ES EAST) By ordinary rules). In the current year, RusHydro planned to increase exports throughout the package of bilateral contracts to 2.5 billion kWh, under the condition of normal water level. Probably the final volumes will be lower than these values.

Export to the country of the Rising Sun

At the same time, it is estimated that the export of electricity even with the current state of the network infrastructure in the Far East can be increasing to 6 billion kWh ∙ h annually! The leadership "RusHydro" assesses the need for China alone in Russian electricity in 10 GW. A huge export potential, for example, has the program for the construction of anti-phase hydropower plants on the tributaries of the Amur. High hopes, the RusHydro group also places on large projects oriented exclusively for electricity exports. We are primarily about the Sakhalin Energomost - Japan.

After the accident at the Fukushim NPP and the exclusion of atomic generation from the Energy Balance of Japan, electricity tariffs in this country have grown significantly. And it is unlikely that they will strongly change in the future, even if a series of "off" NPP will be launched again to work. In this situation, imports of cheap energy from Sakhalin looks a reasonable alternative. True, in Japan's legislation, the possibility of imports is not prescribed. But, it seems, changes in the regulatory framework are not far off. Deliveries to the country of the Rising Sun within the framework of the Energy Committee are planned to be carried out from the Sakhalin Stations located on the Sakhalin, in particular the Sakhalin GRES-2, as well as the South Sakhalin CHPP-1. "Exports can go to Japan on an underwater cable with Sakhalin. On the island - a high reservation coefficient. This power could be supplied to export," said Sergey Tolstoguzov, Director General of RAO ES EAST.

In the event of a project to the Energy of the Far East, at least $ 1 billion will be invested, and the created infrastructure will allow supplies to the necessary volumes in the basic and peak modes. Currently, "RAO ES EAST" at the expense own funds Develops a preliminary feasibility study of the project of the Energy Committee. The work goes in two directions: an analysis of the project in terms of construction and reconstruction of the objects of generation and electrical networks necessary for the export of electricity to Japan, as well as the study of technology of laying underwater cable from the Sakhalin territory to the construction of the coastal converter substation and network infrastructure in Japan. Designed and united financial model Project, taking into account data on the Japanese section of exports.

Connect the island with the mainland

For RusHydro, the project is also interested in the fact that during its implementation will be possible to continue the transformation of the closed Sakhalin power system. First of all, to build two more queues on the new Sakhalin GRES-2 with a total capacity of 240 MW (the construction of the first phase of 120 MW is now in the framework of the allocated target budget funds) and update the network infrastructure of the island. It is possible that in this case it will be possible to maintain and rebuild the outdated Sakhalin GRES - in the current configuration, its work is ineffective, but, subject to exports to Japan, its capacity may be demanded again.

True, the implementation of these projects will allow the export volume to 400-500 MW. This, of course, is not enough. "But for the first stage, it is enough - Sergey Tolstoguzov, CEO of RAO ES EST, I am sure. - Then, following this work, it is possible to build on the Sakhalin a special export-oriented power station with a capacity of about 600-700 MW, and in a more further perspective - and mainland connection. Energy systems with island, which will give the opportunity to increase exports at the expense of Far Eastern hydroelectric power plants. " The volume of such exports may be about 2-4 GW.

Under these conditions, energy is closely monitored by any gestures of the state and private investors, and sometimes act on ahead. The lower-Buri hydroelectric power station under construction with potential consumers is already provided - this is the eastern cosmodrome, the objects of the Siberian Power of Siberia gas transportation system and other infrastructure projects planned for the creation of the East. The new Soviet CHP, which is built within the framework of the decree of the President of Russia, should not only replace the power of the "medieval" Major GRES, but also to cover the promising needs of the special economic zone of port-type in the Soviet harbor. Already, the future residents of this zone have applied for 50 MW of perspective power. And this is without taking into account the growing needs of residents of the Vaninsky and Sovgavan regions of the Khabarovsk Territory, as well as the prospects for electrifying the BAM.

Territory of advanced energy consumption

In general, on the "RAO ES EAST", the growth in demand until 2025 may exceed 45%. The greatest demand It will be charged in the south of the Far East, as well as in Yakutia, in Kolyma and Chukotka. Moreover, if in 2010-2014, the average consumption increases did not exceed 2% and was determined mainly by housing construction, then in the future, large industrial facilities and consumers from the territories of the ahead of development (TOR) will be released on the fore. At the moment, the Torah are only being created: at these growth points, the Ministry of Far East is collected by various state support measures to accumulate real large investor projects. Projects of three tori have already been approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, six more were approved by the Special Government Subcommittee. Only the needs of the industrial park "Nadezhdinsky" in Primorye by 2018 can be 37.6 MW. The cumulative confirmed volume of consumption of only approved tori currently exceeds 350 MW.

In addition, in plans to Rosneft - the construction of a complex of an eastern petrochemical company (by 2022 it will be a consumer up to 200 MW of power). The needs of Gazprom for the LNG plant in Vladivostok already by 2018 can be up to 110 MW from the East OES. There are plans for the development of the large industry and in the Amur region. So, for the gas processing cluster in Belogorsk, on the basis of the capacity of the main gas pipeline "Power of Siberia", up to 600 MW will be required. Works are enough and networks, and generators.

Hydrogen project in Magadan

The coverage of the demand in the isolated power systems of the Far East will be covered at the expense of local generation sources. There is a project for the construction of a production complex for liquefying hydrogen in the Magadan region. By agreement on cooperation, signed back in June 2013, RusHydro and Rao Es East will perform by generators electrical Energynecessary for the functioning of the complex, and the Japanese company Kawasaki is an supplier of technologies in the production, storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen. The preliminary TEO of the project was developed in 2014, its approval is completed now.

The project implementation may pass in two stages. A pilot complex with a capacity of 11.3 tons per day is planned to be commissioned in 2019, with the full development of the plant's capacity of 200 tons per day. As a reference point for the start of industrial operation it is called 2026 year.

Liquid hydrogen is environmentally friendly fuel with a very wide range of applications, and it requires huge amounts of electricity and pure water. Logic is simple: in Japan energy resources a bit, but all larger weight Acquire "green" technologies (so, by 2025 the need for hydrogen for cars in Japan is expected to be up to 204 thousand tons per year). The complex at full load will consume up to 510 MW of electrical power from the power system of the Magadan region, which will allow the maximum loading of local generating facilities - the Kolyma and the Ust-Middle Economic HPP under construction.

At one time, the construction of the second in the cascade on the Kolyma River of the Ust-Midnesian hydroelectric station was linked to the prospects for development in the gold mining region. It was planned that the main part of the production of a new station would go to the supply of new gocks and mines. The first launcher of the HPP was launched at the end of 2013; Obviously, in the present conditions, stop the construction of itself more expensive. But at the same time, the construction of gold mining enterprises has become a matter of an indefinite future. Against this background, "RusHydro" and "Rao Es of the East" were forced to think about creating a cascade of the hydropower station of another major consumer for this. The approach is not new, for example, the company "Irkutskenergo" in his native Irkutsk region has long been doing the same, announced projects in metallurgy, housing construction and even the IT industry (data center in Irkutsk).

However, the deadlines for the implementation of the project depends on the growth of demand for the use of hydrogen in Japan and the world. In fact, end-user (at least on an industrial scale) of liquid hydrogen in the world today has not yet appeared. So far, the technology of storage and transportation of hydrogen has been worked out. With liquefied gas, for example, such a technological task has already been solved - the temperature of -160 ° C is used for its transportation. But for the transport of liquid hydrogen, a temperature is required -240 ° C. However, in "RAO ES EAST" are confident that Kawasaki as a technological partner of the project will be able to solve all these issues. Until the end of 2015, the parties are planning to decide on the start of the development of a bank securities project. According to the results, it will be decided on the feasibility of its implementation.

In 2009, after the extension of the waterways before the design values, the Bureyskaya HPP was removed at full capacity - 2,010 MW.
The owner of the Bureyskaya HPP is OJSC RusHydro

Concrete gravitational dam length 744 m

View from the crest on the waterways.

About 4 million cubic meters of concrete laid in the dam.

Dam's ridge in the dawn mist.

The height of 140 m is the highest dam of this type in our country.
This is commensurate with a 50-storey house high.

The weight of the dam is about 15 million tons.

The dam forms a reservoir reservoir of 750 km², located on the territory of the two subjects of the Federation - the Amur region and the Khabarovsk region.
It was filled for 6 years.

The annual development of the reservoir level is 16-19 m.
For ice debris, it is clearly visible, as far as the water level in the reservoir has been worked.

Water-feline debris.
The water supply is designed to reset the excessive flow of water in a flood and flood when the inflow cannot be passed through the hydraulic units.

The turbines water is supplied to six huge reinforced concrete waterways.

Each water pipeline with a diameter of 8.5 meters.

In the HPP building, there are 6 hydraulic units with a capacity of 335 MW each.

Duty Officer.

The machine room has a length of 150 m.

Rotation frequency hydroturbine - 125 rpm

Drive blades of the guide apparatus. With the help of these blades, water consumption through the turbine is regulated.

Relay protection and automation systems.

Central control panel.

In the Bureau hydroelectric station, 500 kV power cables are used in a shell of stitched polyethylene manufactured by ABB "Energiekabel"
A similar cable is used for the first time in Russia and the second time in the world.

To issue electricity to the network at the station, a complete Elegaz (CRE) distribution unit was built.

To submit electricity from generators on Krue, a special tunnel for a 500-kilovol cable was broken in the rocks.

Sunset

The average annual temperature in the area of \u200b\u200bHPP is negative (-3.5 ° C).
In January, the average monthly temperature is -31 ° C (the absolute minimum is -57 ° C).

Construction of coastal fortifications.

Thanks to the introduction of the Bureau HPP, the Far Eastern region received a large amount of cheap electricity.

The use of imported fuel in the region was significantly reduced - by 5.2 million tons per year, which saves 4.7 billion rubles annually.

The functioning of the East EAST has become more reliable due to the smoothing of uneven electrical load, and the station began to serve as a high-speed emergency reserve.

Built for the Burea hydroelectric power explosion of LEP allowed to connect the previously fragmented sections of 500 kV lines into a single network.

Thank you very much "RusHydro" for organizing a photographing!

For all questions relating to the use of photos, write to email.

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