Unusual professions with strange names. Disappearing Professions: Names Name of each profession left

Summary of the pre-profile preparation lesson

Classifications of professions. Signs of a profession.

Smirnova Elena Mikhailovna, Deputy Director for Water Management,

pre-professional teacher, primary school teacher

You have probably noticed how quickly and accurately the librarian finds the book the reader needs. The easiest way to find it is if you know the author and the title - the alphabetical catalog will help with this. But it happens that the reader is looking for literature on a topic of interest to him, not knowing either the author or the title. Then the librarian comes to the aid of a thematic catalog, where you can find the right books. Classification helps to find a book - the rules for placing books on shelves. In biology lessons you study the classification of the natural world, in chemistry lessons you study the classification of chemical elements. V broad sense of this word, classification is a meaningful order of things.

The classification of professions is built according to its own laws. There are about forty thousand professions in the world, and every year dozens of old ones disappear and hundreds of new ones appear. Some professions coquettishly change their names, pretending to be modern. You will not immediately understand that the bartender is a bartender, and the manager is the manager. The classification of professions alphabetically will help you navigate them if you know the names of all forty thousand professions. How many professions do you know?

All students take turns to name professions. Whoever could not remember the profession within three seconds or repeated the one already named is out of the game. If the guys do not name a profession, but a position (boss, director, president), such answers are not accepted, as well as the words “oligarch”, “authority”, etc. The game goes on until one winner remains.

V different countries there are classifications that unite professions according to various criteria: place of work, degree of independence, speed of promotion, etc. It is possible to distribute professions by industry. Take, for example, the clothing industry. What kind of professions are not there - and fashion designers, and equipment adjusters, and mechanics, and artists, and seamstresses-machinists of various specialties, and economists, and accountants. But is it possible to try on an industry to suit your interests and inclinations? You can only try on a profession. That is why it is important to know the classification of professions, built on the basis of essential features (E.A. Klimov. How to choose a profession).

Interestingly, back in the 18th century, the famous historian and statesman V.N. Tatishchev proposed his classification of species professional activity:

useful sciences ( Agriculture, physics, biology, mathematics);

smart or entertaining sciences (literature and art);

vain sciences (alchemy, astrology);

Required sciences (education, healthcare, economics, law);

sabotage sciences (witchcraft).

In our country, the four-level classification of professions is most often used by E.A. Klimov, according to which all professions can be divided into five subjects, three goals, four means and four working conditions.

According to Klimov, five large groups of professions can be distinguished depending on the subject of labor - “technology”, “man”, “nature”, “sign”, “ artistic image". This is the first level of classification.

1. TECHNIQUE (T). This group includes professions related to the production, maintenance and design of any technology, from space rockets and computers to the anvil and blacksmith's hammer. Engineer, designer, pilot, machinist, driver, electrician, builder, car mechanic, plumber, miner, engine tester, to name but a few. The peculiarity of technical objects is that they can be accurately measured and calculated, therefore the professions of this group require a combination of a practical mindset and creativity, accuracy, good health from a person.

· What type of thinking is typical for professionals in the field of technology?

2. MAN (H). Doctor, nurse, teacher, educator, waiter, lawyer, salesman, hairdresser, tour guide - all these professions belong to the same group, because they have one subject of labor - a person. These professions have a special social significance. They require patience and exactingness from a person, the ability to take responsibility for themselves, to control their emotions. The main content of labor in these professions is effective interaction between people. Some qualities contribute successful work while others complicate it. If you have an increased need for communication, contacts with people will please you, if you have a low need, they will tire you. Enhanced level aggression is unacceptable for specialists in this field. By the way, the ability to communicate productively is necessary for each of us.

· What temperament has to communicate with other people?

3. NATURE (P). This group includes all professions related to animate and inanimate nature. Research, study and use natural resources, caring for animals and plants, their treatment - these are the possible activities. Professions in this group: agronomist, breeder, livestock specialist, veterinarian, dog handler, plant breeder, geologist, hunter, ecologist, meliorator. People of these professions are united by love for nature. But this love is active, not contemplative. It's one thing to play with pets and admire flowers. And it’s quite another thing to take care of them regularly, day after day, to observe, treat, walk, regardless of personal time and plans. To be successful in this activity, you must be strong and enduring, caring and patient, not afraid of difficulties and not expecting quick results.

· What type of thinking is typical for successful specialists in this field?

4. SIGN (Z). This group includes all professions related to the use of oral and written speech, work with documents and numbers. These are the professions of an economist, accountant, linguist, mathematician, programmer, notary. The subject of labor for these professions is a "sign system", that is, all information that can be represented in the form of texts, formulas, signs, codes, graphs, diagrams and drawings. Much, if not all, depends on the reliability and timeliness of information in our lives. Therefore, it is important for a specialist who works with signs to be able, on the one hand, to abstract from real physical, chemical, mechanical properties objects, and on the other hand, to represent and understand the characteristics real phenomena and objects behind signs. Professions of this group make special demands on the thinking, memory and attention of a person.

· What type of thinking is typical for a specialist in the field of sign information?

5. ARTISTIC IMAGE (X). This group includes professions related to visual, musical, literary and artistic, acting and stage activities. Creating works of art is a special process. It is not always possible for contemporaries to appreciate a brilliant artist, poet or composer living nearby, because talent tends to overtake its time. Therefore, fame and recognition often come to creators only after death. But on the other hand, a person engaged in creativity experiences incomparable joy. For development creative professions desire alone is not enough - creative abilities, talent, diligence are needed.

· What type of temperament is most common in people of art?

Many professions are difficult to attribute to one subject of labor. For example, a good secretary should not only be a specialist in the field of sign information (working with documents), but also be able to use a computer and office equipment communicate effectively with people. A good teacher, in addition to professional knowledge and the ability to communicate, must have artistry.

In the course of the teacher’s explanation, the children, on their own or at the blackboard, fill in all four floors of the pyramid, writing down the abbreviated names of the objects of labor at the first level, the goals of labor at the second, the means of labor at the third, and the working conditions at the fourth level, emphasizing the preferred for each objects, goals, means and working conditions.

When choosing a profession, first of all, they have in mind the subject of labor. Thus, the concept of “object of labor” is the basis for further classification, the foundation of the pyramid invented by Professor E.A. Klimov.

SUBJECT OF LABOR (STCHPZH)

Regardless of the object of labor, all professions are classified according to the three goals of labor: gnostic, transformative, exploratory. This is the second level.

1. Gnostic professions (D)

The gnostic, or cognitive, goals of labor can be varied: to sort, to compare, to check, to evaluate. Gnostic professions can be found among any of the five types of professions: "Nature" - laboratory biologist, specialist in exterior; "Technique" - controller of radio equipment, tester; "Chelovek" - forensic medical expert, sociologist; "Znak" - proofreader, auditor; "Artistic image" - art critic, theater critic. These professions impose certain requirements on the employee: cognitive activity, observation, stability of attention, memory, thinking, and responsibility are necessary.

2. Transformative professions (P)

The transforming activity of a person can be directed to objects, energy, information, processes. In some cases, the results can be seen immediately - a builder, a blacksmith, an artist, in others - the results wait for months and years (breeder, educator). The predominance of practical or mental activity specialist depends on the subject and content of his work: "Nature" - livestock breeder, plant breeder, livestock specialist; "Technique" - a locksmith, a machine operator; "Man" - teacher, coach; "Znak" - typesetter, accountant; "Artistic image" - graphic designer, fashion designer.

3. Survey professions (I)

The purpose of the work of professions of this class is the search for something new, unknown. "Nature" - fishery inspector, huntsman, biologist-researcher; "Technique" - design engineer; "Man" - supply agent, production organizer; "sign" - programmer, mathematician; "Artistic image" - composer, designer. Many professions combine features of different classes.

The goals of labor make up the second floor of the Klimov pyramid.

OBJECTIVES OF WORK (GPI)

SUBJECT OF LABOR (PTCHZH)

At the next level, professions are classified by tools, or by means of labor. The means of labor can be real and functional.

Real tools of labor are a carpenter's hammer and ax, a surgeon's scalpel, a musician's violin, a teacher's pointer, a programmer's computer. Material means of labor are manual (R)- scalpel, screwdriver, cutter, brush; mechanical (M)- sewing machine, car, crane; automatic (A)— automatic and semi-automatic lines, robotic complexes.

Functional tools (F) invisible. This is the eye of a carpenter, the tactile sensations of a surgeon, the inspiration of a musician, the knowledge of a teacher and a programmer.

The means of labor constitute the third level of our pyramid.

MEANS OF WORK (RMAF)

OBJECTIVES OF WORK (GPI)

SUBJECT OF LABOR (PTCHZH)

Each of the professions involves working in certain conditions: in the office and under water, underground and in space, in hot shops, in the open air at any time of the year.

The diver examines the water areas, the underwater part of structures and ships, finds and repairs damage in ship hulls and hydraulic structures, lays cable lines and pipelines under water, raises sunken ships, cuts and welds metal structures under water; conducts research.

Underground navigators - mine surveyors - using special instruments, make measurements and calculations, make underground maps, working underground, on the ground, and at a desk. They work with pinpoint accuracy, because a deviation of even five centimeters in the case of oncoming tunneling is unacceptable.

Pilots of civil aviation not only carry cargo and passengers. They refine maps of the area, put out forest fires. Banks, climb angles, speeds, directions, the state of on-board systems - all this is in the pilot's field of vision.

A doctor, an educator, a teacher are responsible for the life, health, and full-fledged education of people. Their work, like the work of a pilot, is associated with increased moral and material responsibility.

There are four groups of working conditions:

B- normal, household microclimate (laboratory assistant, accountant, salesman, scientist);

O– open air (agronomist, traffic police inspector, installer, geologist);

H- unusual conditions (miner, astronaut, submariner, fireman);

M increased moral responsibility for the health and life of people, for great material values(teacher, doctor, judge, security guard).

Working conditions make up the fourth level of the Klimov pyramid.

WORKING CONDITIONS (BOSM)

MEANS OF WORK (RMAF)

OBJECTIVES OF WORK (GPI)

SUBJECT OF LABOR (PTCHZH)

Using this classification, any profession can be designated by a formula of four letters denoting the corresponding attribute. Almost every profession has several attributes. Therefore, the main thing is to highlight the main features and secondary ones.

3. The teacher works:

4. In the world there are:

Applications:

1. Lesson work card (for students)

2. Presentation

_________________________________ _____________________________

F.I. Class

Task number 1. "Name your profession."

Task number 2. "In hot pursuit".

List the objects of labor according to Klimov's classification.

Task number 3. "Pyramid of Klimov".

Task number 4. Control questions.

1. The base of the "Klimov pyramid" is:

a) working conditions; b) the subject of labor; c) means of labor; d) the purpose of work.

2. The subject of the driver's labor is:

a) technique; b) a person; c) nature; d) artistic image.

3. The teacher works:

a) in domestic conditions; b) outdoors; c) in unusual conditions; d) in conditions of increased responsibility.

4. In the world there are:

a) about 10 thousand professions; b) more than 100 thousand professions; c) about 40 thousand professions; d) 23,198 professions.

5. Hand tools are needed in the work:

a) a surgeon b) an astronaut; c) an actor; d) driver.

"Dictionary":

Word-subject Action Word Sign word:
hWorker, builder, shoemaker; hammer, saw, axe, nail, nut, screw, shovel, rake, screwdriver, watering can, broom, needle, thread, scissors, knife, comb, syringe, bandage, medicine, thermometer; labor, work. * Painter, welder, mechanic, electrician, rescuer, photographer, artist, musician, poet, writer, actor, craftsman, profession; planer, tongs, key, crowbar. Q Bricklayer, engineer, cashier, tour guide, composer, journalist, specialist; machine, computer. h Build , paint, saw, chop, repair , repair , twist, unscrew, score, try, save, work , work hard. * Planing, glazing, welding, laying, spreading, issuing, drawing, fixing, teach, manage, photograph. Q Compose, write, study, serve. h Clever , kind, attentive , difficult, required , necessary, fast . *Skillful knowledgeable, perceptive, careful , dexterous , useful, famous, best. Q Demanding, hardworking, patient, persistent, experienced, educated, observant. Adverbs: skillfully,diligently,carefully, harmoniously, exactly, smooth , straight , slowly

“We are watching. Telling":

1. "We describe." We describe the professions according to the plan:

"We describe." We describe the tools according to the plan:

2. “Who/what? What is he doing? Which?". We make a table about professions with the words of the game “Describe”.


"Who what? What is he doing? Which?". We make a table about the tools with the words of the game “Describe”.

"We play":

1. "Magic glasses". Consider plot picture G-20 and name ...

2. "Listen - do it."(ü) - pause for reflection, repetition and execution of the command.

3. "Lump" We straighten the "lump" with:

i - ribs of the palm of two hands, from the side of the index finger (fingers are tightly pressed against each other and motionless).

* - fingertips (fingers tightly pressed to each other and motionless).

Q - ribs of the palm of two hands, from the little finger side (fingers are tightly pressed to each other and motionless).


4. "Say the opposite."


5. "Say it differently." We play with all the highlighted words of the dictionary.


6. “Suitable – not suitable because…”

7. "Superfluous, because ..."(A-25)

i - Doctor (1), syringe, thermometer. * - Teacher, vegetables (3), autumn (2), vegetable (1), vegetable grower.

Screwdriver, hammer, builder (1). - Cook, teacher, school (2), driver (3), summer (1).

Q - Morning (1), hairdresser (2), scissors, comb, hair dryer (3).

Vegetable grower (3), livestock breeder, doctor (2), village (1), milkmaid.

Screwdriver (3), Truck, Excavator, Carpenter (2), Locksmith (1), Airplane (4).

8. "I - we - do not."(IN 2)

i knife - knives - knives: * sharp knife - sharp knives - sharp knives;

Q my sharp knife - our sharp knives - our sharp knives.


9. "Change the word, answer the questions." Playing with words:

i- saw, master; * - tool, profession; Q - accountant, training.

10. "Count it."(AT 8)

i 1 my doctor, 2 my doctors, 3 my doctors 5 my doctors.

1 is my seamstress, 2 is my seamstress, 3 is my seamstress, 4 is my seamstress, 5 is my seamstress.

* - 1 knowledgeable doctor, 3 knowledgeable doctors, 5 knowledgeable doctors.

1 young seamstress, 3 young seamstresses, 5 young seamstresses.

Q - 1 my knowledgeable doctor, 3 my knowledgeable doctors, 5 my knowledgeable doctors.

1 young skilled seamstress, 3 young skilled seamstresses, 5 young skilled seamstresses.


11. "Words-relatives."(AT 9).

Root words: i - master, watch; * - profession, repair; Q- library, stone.


12. "What, more, the most."(IN 1).

i The teacher is young, and the student is the most .... (young).

The shovel is sharp, and the knife is the most ... (sharp).

The student has a wide brush, and the painter has the most ... (wide).

* The teacher is young, and the student is still ... (younger).

The shovel is sharp, and the scissors are even ... (sharper).

The student's brush is wide, and the artist's is even ... (wider).

Q The teacher is young, the student is still ... (younger), and the student is the most .... (young).

The shovel is sharp, the scissors are even ... (sharper), and the knife is the most ... (sharp).

The student's brush is wide, the artist's is even ... (wider), and the painter's is the most ... (wide).

Confusion".

i The excavator controls the excavator. * My dad works as a chauffeur.

The painter paints the wall with scissors. Forester take care of animals and trees in the forest.

Q My aunt is a doctor at a children's clinic.

I help dad make kitchen furniture.

Unravel the words by removing the extra syllable: Mapaljar, teacher, Swedish, shorofer, podavar


14. . "Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?" + "Family".(B-5.1). Playing with vocabulary words.

hammer saw drill tools

daddy's daddy's daddy's daddy's


15. "Sing" Learning the letter "Sh".


16. "Pick a word for the symbol."

Modeling»

19. "Composing" We play by set

20. "We guess." We play with the words of the game "Describe".

“We compose. Remember":


1. h Postman

Who brings us newspapers

And greetings from your grandmother?

The postman brings them.

He walks with a thick bag.

(V. Stepanov)

h So that we are healthy,

All the sounds were made

Who takes care of us?

Speech therapists - this is the time

Masseurs, nurse

And, of course, doctors.

(N. Nishcheva)

* Bricklayer

In the alley a house grows

The mason lays the walls.

With him is an assistant - a trowel,

Trowel - spatula.

The house will be built on time

The masonry will be strong.

(V.Stepanov)


Q Everything for everyone

Bricklayer builds houses

The dress is the work of a tailor,

But the tailor has to work

Somewhere without a warm shelter!

The bricklayer would be naked

If skillful hands

Didn't make it in time

Apron and jacket and trousers.

Baker to shoemaker by the deadline

Instructs to sew boots.

Well, a shoemaker without bread

How much will he sew, grind?

So it goes like this:

Everything we do is necessary.

So let's work

Honest, diligent and friendly!

(Yu. Tuwim)

2. h Put dexterous two hands

heels on shoes,

And heel heels -

Also the work of these hands

(shoemaker )

h All of me is made of iron,

I have no legs or arms.

I'm climbing on the board

And for me everything is here and there!

(nail)

* His coming

Everyone is glad

When in the kitchen

(plumber )

* Business, artisan,

He made a chair with me:

Not a minute was silent

It kept knocking, knocking, knocking.

(hammer)

Q I'll sit under my arm

And I'll tell you what to do:

Or I'll lay you in bed

Or let me walk.

(thermometer )

Q What does this eye not look at-

All pictures will be sent.

(camera)


3. h At the machine he is days and nights,

He knows everything, he...

(worker)(No. 13, p. 19)

h He brings letters to the house,

Long-awaited...

(postman)(№13,21)

*Children's songs couplets

They compose us...

(poets)(No. 13, p. 23)

* Boots lame helper,

Heels will beat ...

(shoemaker)(№13,23)

Q The whole sheet is written in quick handwriting -

An essay in the newspaper scribbles ...

(journalist ) (No. 13, p. 23)

Q Sleep and rest are forgotten,

The song is written...

(composer)(№13,22)


4. They brought new scissors to the hairdresser. The scissors were shiny and beautiful, and all the old barber's tools envied them and feared that they would quickly be replaced by these scissors. But....

Dad left a toolbox in the kitchen. They liked it there and they decided to stay in the kitchen forever. Since the tools deteriorate without work, they began to look for work ...

5. 1. Look at picture D-20. Work with her according to the algorithm.

2. h Name 2 - 3 more tools that are suitable for each profession. * Do you think there are only women and only men's professions? Q What is the most important profession?

3. Why do people say: h The work of the master is afraid. * If you want to eat kalachi, don't sit on the stove.

Q The work of the master praises.

Topic 31. "Victory Day"

"Dictionary":

Object words Action words Sign words:
h War,peace,victory,army; defender, hero , enemy , soldier, commander; award, memorial, help. * Motherland , celebration fireworks, parade, offensive, battle, defeat, congratulations, care; warrior , fighter, veteran, winner; border, fortress; medal, order; weapon, fire, wound. Q Enemy, traitor, spy, volunteer, partisan; general, marshal, officer; front, rear; courage heroism, courage, fearlessness; triumph, eternal flame, Fatherland, Fatherland . h Fight, win, protect , remember, congratulate. * advance, fight, rid, conquer, fight, reward, thank. Q Honor (memory), praise , be proud, salute, wish. h old, scary, bold , strong , military. * Brave , combat, wounded, eternal. Q Great, domestic, festive , solemn, brave, valiant. Adverbs: Joyfully, fearlessly, desperately forever

“We are watching. Telling":

1. "We describe." We talk about heroism and courageous defenders of the Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War and about the events of the war years according to the plan:

2. “Who? What? What is he doing? Which?". We fill in the table.

i - holiday, hero; * - salute, parade; Q fortress, partisan.

"We play":

1. "Do it, please."(ü) - pause for reflection, repetition, command execution

2. "Katalochka". With the fingers of the left hand, roll the pencil over the brush right hand 10-15 times:

i - all fingers in order, starting with the thumb;

* - all fingers in order from the little finger to the big one, without stopping when changing movement;

Q - fingers in order: 1, 3, 5, 4, 2.


3. "Say the opposite." We play with all the underlined words in the dictionary.


4. "Say it differently." We play with all the underlined words in the dictionary.


5. “Suitable – not suitable because…”

6. "Superfluous, because ..."(A-31)

i - Soldier (1), tank, plane. * - Remember (2), give, reward, tanker (1).

Salute (1), warrior, officer. - Brave, courageous, officer (3), soldier (1), young (2).

Q - Veteran (3), combat (1), automatic, tank (4), pistol, spring (2).

Shoots (4), advances, attacks, war (1), draws (3), thinks (2).


7. "I - we - do not."(IN 2). Playing with vocabulary words.

i veteran - veterans - veterans;

* familiar veteran - familiar veterans - familiar veterans;

Q my familiar veteran - our familiar veterans - our familiar veterans.

8. "Change the word, answer the questions." Playing with words:

i- peace, army; * - veteran, order; Q - triumph, winner.

9. "There is - was - will be"(AT 4).

* flowers (seedlings) (bouquet for a veteran)

battle (enemy advance) (enemy retreat)

Q victory (war) (holiday)

holiday (preparation for the holiday) (remembrance of the holiday)


10. "Count"(AT 8).

11. "Words are relatives."(AT 9).

i - victory, hero; * - fight, shoot; Q- defense, war.


12. "How - more."(IN 1).

i, * , Q The battle lasts a long time, and the war is still ... (longer).

In peacetime, it is difficult to defend the country, and during the war even ... (more difficult).

The soldier aims quickly, and the sniper still ... (faster).


Confusion".

i Victory Day is an important holiday * Grandfather Petin fight the war on

War brings grief to people. He receives many awards.

Q We watch the parade of veterans of Victory Day

Giving veterans children gifts and flowers.


14. “Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?" + "Family".(B-5.2). (with words that make sense)

medal order congratulations awards

grandpa grandpa grandpa grandpa


Folded words"

long + wait, order + wear; *, Q military + field, duty, sea, air.

16. "Sing." We learn the letters "Y", "E", "Yo", "I", "Yu".


17. "Pick a word for the symbol." Symbols - word-object, word-action, word-sign and symbol of prepositions

Modeling»

20. "Composing". We play on the set F - 9 with prepositions

i - above * - before, with Q - with, to

tables:

1. Soldier, tank, plane.

2. Salute, warrior, officer.

3. Remember, give, reward, tanker.

4. Brave, courageous, officer, soldier, young.

5. Veteran, combat, machine gun, tank, pistol, spring.

6. Shooting, advancing, attacking, war, drawing, thinking.

7. Winner, artilleryman, border guard, tank, parachute, May.

“We compose. Remember":


1. h My grandfather

On my grandfather's chest

Orders, medals.

Them at the front grandfather

They gave it for courage.

My grandfather is invited

Visiting Kindergarten.

Grandpa accepts

Festive parade.

(Yu. Kapotov)

* Victory

The war ended with victory

Those years are behind us.

Burning medals of the Order

Many on the chest.

Who wears the military order

For heroic deeds in battle

And who - for the feat of labor

In your native land.

(S. Mikhalkov)

Q Ninth of May

happy parents,

Children and grandfathers

Proud holiday

Our Victory.

On this joyful day

Peace and light

Spring sun

The earth is warm.

festive morning

Nobody forgot

put flowers

At the soldiers' graves.

(G. Vieru)


2 .hNot a tractor, but with caterpillars,

Not a fortress, but with a tower,

Not a gun, but with a muzzle.

(tank )

*Without fins, among the depths

The iron dolphin swims.

(Submarine)

Q He is sent to a foreign country,

All your secrets will be known...

(spy)

3. h All the soldiers stood in a row,

It starts….

(parade).

* She brings a lot of trouble

Evil, scary...

(war).

QThunder roared, merry thunder,

It sparkled all around!

Rushing into the sky relentlessly

colorful fountains,

Splashes of light pour everywhere!

This is a festive...

(firework ) (№8,244)


4. Petya listened to the stories of his grandfather-front-line soldier about the war. And he really dreamed of saving someone, protecting him. Once, while playing in the yard, Petya saw a crying baby.

Seryozha read in a book that service dogs helped people in the war. And for his birthday, they gave Seryozha a puppy ...

5. 1. Look at the pictures G-23 (23.1 - 23.3), put them in order. Work with them according to the algorithm. Write a story about them.

2. h What do you think the soldiers who won the war were like?

* What, in your opinion, should be done to become a good defender of the Motherland?

Q Explain the expression: "Peace-peace."

3. Why do they say so: h A skilled fighter is a good fellow everywhere! * Courage is important, but skill is needed.

Q Who stands for a just cause - he will always win.

CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW:
Names of different professions.
Appointment of different professions.

CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW NONS: doctor, builder, teacher, firefighter, photographer, cook, hairdresser, policeman, tailor, shoemaker, baker, writer, pilot, driver, librarian, salesman, gardener, carpenter, painter, bricklayer, electrician, crane operator, excavator operator , welder, glazier, foreman, architect, tractor driver, combine operator, milkmaid, poultry keeper, pediatrician, dentist, ophthalmologist, surgeon, neuropathologist, nurse.

ADJECTIVES: kind, considerate, caring, responsible, professional, skillful, knowledgeable, conscientious, disciplined;

VERBS: heals, teaches, educates, extinguishes, photographs, cooks, cooks, cuts, lays, monitors, sews, repairs, cuts, bakes, writes, composes, flies, drives, carries, gives out, receives, sells, considers, cares, grows, lays, establishes, raises, manages, paints, digs, planes, glass, welds, sows, plants, digs.

ONE - MANY.
Teacher - teachers - teachers.
Doctor - doctors - doctors.
Seller - sellers - sellers.
Baker - bakers - bakers.
Photographer - photographers - photographers.
Tailor - tailors - tailors.
Milkmaid - milkmaid - milkmaid.
Postman - postmen - postmen.

NAME BY THE SAMPLE (children from 6 years old):
He is an artist and she is an artist.
He is a teacher and she is...
He is a writer, and she is ... .
He is the conductor, and she is ... .
He is a singer and she is...
He is a translator, and she is ... .

WHO'S DOING WHAT?
Teacher - teaches to read, write, count.
Fireman - puts out the fire.
Builder - builds and repairs houses.
Painter-plasterer - paints, whitens, plasters.
Photographer - taking pictures.
Cook - ... .
Tailor - ... .
The hairdresser - ... .
Librarian - ... .
Doctor - ... .
Writer - ... .
Driver - ... .
Tractor driver...
Milkmaid - ... .
Poultry - ... .

WHO NEEDS WHAT TO WORK?
Hairdresser - scissors, comb, hair dryer, curlers.
Doctor - medicine, white coat, thermometer.
Artist - ... .
Teacher - ... .
Tailor - ... .
Malyaru - ... .
Rybolov - ... .
Seller - ... .
Gardener - ... .
Carpenter - ... .
Milkmaid - ... .
Tractor driver - ... .

GUESS THE PROFESSION (children from 6 years old).
Who is carrying the luggage? (Porter.)
Who welds pipes? (Welder.)
Who puts in the glass? (Glazier.)
Who works on the crane? (Crane operator.)
Who lays the bricks? (Mason.)
Who sharpens knives? (Grinder.)
Who fixes the clock? (Watchmaker.)
Who is working on the excavator? (Excavator operator.)
Who paints the walls? (Painter.)
Who takes care of the birds? (Poultry house).
Who composes the music? (Composer.)
Who plays the piano? (Pianist.)

CONFUSION.
The painter sews clothes.
The driver controls the aircraft.
The hairdresser knits a jacket.
The librarian delivers the mail.
The photographer composes music.
Tractor sews clothes.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROFESSION ACCORDING TO THE PLAN:
The name of the profession.
What tools are needed for this profession.
What does a person in this profession do?

NAME (children from 6 years old):
Children's doctor - ... (pediatrician).
Dentist - ... (dentist).
Eye doctor - ... (oculist).
The doctor performing the operation is ... (surgeon).
A doctor who treats nerves - ... (neuropathologist).
Physician assistant - ... (nurse).

Medical clothes - ... (cap, scarf, gown, gloves).
Medical instruments - ... (syringe, spatula, pipette, thermometer, hammer, tweezers).

What is a profession? (Business, work, occupation.)
Name the occupations of your parents.
What are professions for?
What do you want to be when you grow up?
Why study professions? Where are they trained?

We get up very early, because our concern is
Drive everyone to work in the morning. (Driver.)

Brings a glass eye
Click once - and we remember you. (Photographer.)

We must fight fire
We are partners with water.
With us they will not be afraid
Gases are bad for you.
We are very much needed by all people,
So who are we? - ... (Firefighters).

Tell me who is so tasty
Prepares cabbage soup
Smelly cutlets, salads, vinaigrettes,
All breakfasts, lunches? (Cook.)

PROMPT A WORD.

In the carpenter's bag you will find a hammer and a sharp ... (knife).
Any tool at the place - and a planer, and ... (chisel).

We must fight fire.
We are brave workers.
We are partners with water.
We are very much needed by all the people.
So who are we? - ... (firefighters).

I would be a pilot pilot
Definitely wanted to become
I'm on a plane then
To Moscow would be ... (Flew).

Hasty thread runs after the needle
I can do anything for myself ... (sew).

It's not hard for me to darn my own sock
Repair the pocket, overcast ... (belt).

There are probably a thousand pounds in it!
Heavy ... (thresher).

I'm not boasting, I'll say:
I will rejuvenate all my friends!
They come to me sad -
With wrinkles, with folds.
They leave very cute -
Cheerful and smooth.
So I'm a reliable friend
Electric ... (iron).

In the world of various words,
That shine, burn and burn
Gold, steel. Diamond
There is no sacred word ... (labor).

The pilot lifts the blue into the sky ... (airplane).

He drove the goats to the hillock merry ... (shepherd).

Planer in hand - another job:
Knots, squiggles with a planer ... (we plan).

But our painter does not come into the house with a brush and a bucket:
Instead of a brush, he brought a mechanical ... (pump).

So that people do not get wet in the rain
The roofer covers with iron ... (house).

There is a crane lifting - of great height
Serves iron on the roof ... (sheets).

White sawdust is flying, flying from under the saw:
This carpenter makes frames and ... (floors).

We need to buy bread or give us a gift -
We take the bag with you and go outside.
We walk along the shop windows and go into ... (shop).

Well, in this store there is a pretzel, rolls in the window,
Bread with bran is curative. The store is called ... (bread).

Every day a newspaper brings us to the house ... (postman).
Seven young fellows of daring mowers sharpened their scythes, grass ... (mowed).

In front of the children, the roof is being painted ... (painters).

We are taking boards to the mountain, we will build a new one ... (house)
I'm flying dolls in the morning. Today I ... (nurse).

It's time to paint the rooms. They invited ... (painter). Baruzdin S.

The circus performer knows how to prance, animals and birds ... (to train).

Ir-ir-ir-my dad ... (commander).

He brought us southern fish, the future cabin boy ... (sailor).

I didn’t drink and didn’t sleep, I gnawed at a tree ... (saw).

Sews, sews up and pricks sharply sharp-nosed ... (needle).

Which specialties have already gone down in history forever, which ones are on the verge of extinction, and which ones are just emerging - this article is about that.

Why are some professions disappearing?

In the 21st century, society is developing rapidly. At the same time, the appearance of settlements is changing, new cities are emerging and existing cities are growing rapidly, a modern way of life is being born. In huge production shops, they replaced the human labor force automatic robots, some activities have been transformed beyond recognition compared to past centuries and even past decades, while others completely disappear into oblivion. In this regard, the concept of "disappearing professions" appeared. We will describe them in detail below.

Along with the changing reality, many profession names go down in history. Some simply transform their name into another designation, but there are also those that completely cease to exist. You can no longer meet their representatives on the street, information can be found in historical archives, and you can see it only in a movie or a theatrical production.

Professions that do not exist

Disappearing professions cease to be relevant. Due to fast development of science and technological process Some professions are out of demand. Machines are replacing human hands and doing almost all crafts much faster and more efficiently. Automation of many processes significantly reduces the cost of production and at the same time increases the productivity of any process. Serious negative consequences of this are the loss of jobs, the growth of unemployment, as a result - the impoverishment of the population and an increase in the world. Therefore, today the state is making a lot of efforts so that everyone can master a profession that is relevant to the current reality. It is important for everyone to learn and gain skills in the areas that humanity needs.

Excursion to the past

Let's remember the old professions that have lost their popularity and remained only on the pages of history. The names of some of them are known, others sound alien and completely unfamiliar.

TOP professions that ceased to exist:

  • Daguerreotypists. They created the first portrait photographs. Then there were no cameras, but there were silver plates on which the very first pictures were taken. They were replaced by photographers who clicked on film. But this is a completely different type of work, therefore, we can safely say that daguerreotypists have already become part of history.
  • Chimney sweeps. They regularly went out in search of dirty chimneys. Not a single family could do without their efforts and work. The modern generation knows about this specialty only thanks to the myths and fairy tales that have survived to this day. Chimney sweeps were held in high esteem, as chimneys and fireplaces prevented fires.
  • Pied Piper. Surely many have not heard such names of professions. But in fact it was a very important and dangerous position, these people could be compared to superheroes. They saved entire cities from the invasion of rodents, which were real carriers of dirt and disease. It was the rats that brought the plague that wiped out half of Europe in the 16th century. Today, in many countries, they strictly monitor the order, preventing the spread of sewage and garbage. If necessary, regularly clean public areas using strong poisons and other pest control products. In the past, tens of thousands of rats were killed by hand.

List continued

  • Stonebreakers. Hard labor during which people died. Workers around the clock crushed rocks used for construction. Now the extraction of stone is carried out by specialized equipment, controlled by a person.
  • Lamplighters. Every evening they went to work with long sticks, lit street lamps and kept the lights on in the city. Of course, it is hard to imagine that once there was no electricity.
  • Telephone operators. They were quite recently, but today, in the "world mobile phone", such old professions ceased to exist. And once, in order to hear the desired subscriber, it was necessary to contact the telephone operator, who redirected the signal to the desired point.
  • typists. Women in all printing establishments typed texts for hours, banging like a machine gun on the keys typewriter. It is hard to imagine that today someone is working on this outdated machine.
  • Counters. At the workplace of these women there were only abacuses and paper with a pen for notes. In every company, an accountant had such a lady in her subordination, who knew how to knock out numbers on bone accounts in seconds. After all, a few decades ago there was no calculator, and complex calculations were made precisely on the accounts. Only women were accepted for work, as they approached it more responsibly and were distinguished by special perseverance.
  • Coachman- driver, drove a horse-drawn carriage. But with the advent of the automobile, people stopped moving around in wheelchairs and chaises, which is why there was no need for this specialty.
  • Profession shoe shiner was once in great demand. Dirty shoes are bad form, so all high-ranking and simply neat men regularly stood at the chairs, around which young boys with brushes and shoe polish were spinning.

Little-known disappeared professions

The list of disappeared professions includes those that are well known to many. And there were also little-known ones: buoyers, booths, coopers, komashniks.

In the 15th-18th centuries, the position of a kisser was widespread. These people mainly followed the replenishment of the treasury, the payment by the peasants of the poll and quitrent (which is not tax office?), participated in lawsuits and police surveillance. Upon taking office, they took an oath of honesty and kissed the cross.

In construction, they could not do without diggers, embankments, carriers and slabs. Today, their work is performed by excavators, cranes and other equipment.

There were many other specialties, without which it was difficult to imagine society in the past.

Professions that are disappearing

Specialists regularly keep records of those that are on the verge of extinction. Disappearing professions are known to everyone today. The super-fast progress of technology and the development of the Internet give rise to new jobs, but at the same time we have to say goodbye to the usual crafts.

Here are examples of professions that will cease to exist in the near future. These However, as a consolation to many, we can say that the old ones are being replaced by new classes, the list of which is constantly updated.

Disappearing professions:

  • packer. Businesses will no longer need manual packaging, people will soon be replaced by robots. Cars don't require days off, they don't need sick days, and they don't argue with their superiors. Already many firms and factories are switching to full automation of production.
  • Conductor. Modern public transport equipped with a turnstile. It is installed in front of the entrance. To use the bus, you must insert a card or lower the desired banknote. It turns out that there is no need for a person who catches "hares" and sells travel tickets.
  • Postman, cashier.
  • Librarian.
  • Journalist. They will be replaced by numerous copywriters.
  • Call center operator.
  • Watchman, concierge, elevator operator, waiter.
  • Logistician.
  • Miner.
  • Seamstress, weaver, potter.
  • Accountant, economist.
  • Architect.

Reducing the list of village artisans

Many rural professions are disappearing. There are fewer mowers, laborers in the fields, fruit pickers, blacksmiths and shepherds. Their work is performed by combines, cultivators, garden equipment. There are practically no horses on the farms, so there is no work for blacksmiths. And cows are increasingly seen only on large farms, so the shepherds are disappearing. The process of reducing rural processes is especially pronounced in economically developed capitalist countries, while in developing countries it is still in demand. manual labor on the fields.

Simple and understandable specialties are closely intertwined with the world of high-tech technologies. Science and electronics are rapidly gaining momentum, and many countries simply do not keep up with the progress. Perhaps that is why in some parts of our country there are professions that have long gone down in history in Europe.

One of the consequences of the collapse of the USSR

Separately, it is worth noting the professions of the USSR, which ceased to exist with the collapse of the country.

Everyone was studying and striving to take their place in the nomenklatura of the party. Even the most outstanding instructor of the district committee of the CPSU sounded proud and respectable. Not to mention the secretaries of the district committee and others. The pioneer leaders, who guided the pioneers on the right path and organized their leisure time, also went nowhere. Many professions in the USSR disappeared at the same time as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics itself.

Indirect consequences of the disappearance of many professions

Even 50 years ago, the career had a linear character, it was adjusted and stable. In his youth, a person chose a profession to his liking, received an appropriate education, and throughout his life was engaged in one thing. Today the picture is quite different. In the age of super-fast technology, this model no longer works. A person has to study all his life, mastering new, as a rule, narrow specialties.

High competition, fear of unemployment and constant mental stress - all this negatively affects a person's health, his psyche, giving rise to neurosis, depression and mental disorders. As a result of constant employment, not enough attention is paid to the family, children, simple human ties are lost. This, in turn, gives rise to children's crime, which very quickly develops into "adult".

One of the consequences of the rapidly changing reality and the disappearance of many professions is an increase in unemployment, impoverishment of the population, a drop in the birth rate, which in a chain reaction also gives rise to social tension.

This is such a "black" relationship built by the New York analytical agency.

Professions of the future

Dying professions will be replaced by new ones that meet modern realities. Leading schools undergo certification in order to obtain permission to learn new crafts. And they are connected directly with robots, nanotechnologies and computers.

Here is a list of specialties that are likely to be needed in the future:

  • cyberjanitor- will put things in order on the Internet.
  • city ​​caretaker- Responsible for landscaping the city.
  • master printer- 3D printing specialist.
  • Personal chronicler- will establish all your roots and create a family chronicle.
  • Microflora specialist.
  • Drone operator.

Today, these are just theoretical conclusions. But once the astronaut was considered a fantastic profession.

Quiz "GUESS THE PROFESSION"

(7-8 grades)

The choice of profession is ahead of you. But many of you, for sure, have already thought about this problem. To find your favorite job, you must first of all know well what kind of jobs exist in the world. There are more than 40 thousand professions in the world. But even this huge figure is far from certain. And not only because life does not stand still and all the time some old professions die off, and new ones appear, but also because people still have not agreed among themselves on what to consider as a separate profession or specialty, but that just a kind of this or that work. The sea of ​​professions is boundless. This is our conversation today.

Warm up

All professions, as you know, are usually divided into 5 categories depending on the type of relationship between a person and an object of action:

- "man - nature",

- "man - man"

- "man - technology",

- "man - an artistic image",

- “man is a sign system”.

Task: the named profession must be correctly correlated with one of the listed types (professions are already divided into groups, the leader calls them randomly)

    “Man is an artistic image”: sculptor, artist, art critic, engraver, tailor, glass blower, potter, parquet floor, photographer, composer, artist, conductor.

    "Man - nature": geologist, blaster, meteorologist, topographer, master cheese maker, baker, forester, ecologist, microbiologist, livestock specialist.

    "Man-technique": electrician, excavator driver, reinforced concrete structure fitter, plumber, fitter, carpenter, helmsman, pilot, driver.

    "Man - man": secretary, conductor passenger car, waiter, hairdresser, guide-interpreter, lawyer, district inspector, legal adviser, doctor, teacher.

    "Man - a sign system": programmer, economist, pharmacist, radio operator, stenographer, draftsman, civil aviation navigator, mathematician.

professional dictionary

Determine which professions the word groups belong to.

Pattern, fabric, cutting, suit, scissors, atelier (tailor)

Drawing, project, plan, city, harmony, blueprint, structures, buildings, construction (architect)

Workbench, planer, furniture, machine tool, wood, workshop (carpenter)

Make-up, theatre, stage, audience, applause (artist)

Game, walk, sleep, visual aids, round dance, matinee, nursery (teacher for children)

Book, fund, catalogs, erudition, knowledge, silence, readers-users (librarian)

Newspaper, news, people, efficiency, facts, editorial staff (correspondent, journalist)

Telephone, cable, PBX station, subscribers, equipment, communications (telecommunications engineer)

Land, field, greenhouse, varieties, grain, care, fertilizers, harvest (agronomist)

Study, description, terrain, maps, scales, tripod, shooting, expeditions, eye (topographer)

Proverb competition.

What profession are these proverbs and sayings talking about?

A) soldier

Take care of your native land, like a beloved mother.

To live is to serve the motherland.

For your homeland, do not spare either strength or life.

B) blacksmith:

Hard on the hammer, hard on the anvil.

Strike while the iron is hot.

It’s not fire that heats iron, but fur.

What you put in the cauldron is what you take out.

Undersalted on the table, oversalted on the back.

You won't spoil the porridge with butter.

An old disease is difficult to treat.

Sick - heal, healthy - beware.

Not the patient is fastidious - pain.

D) a grain grower:

Mow, spit, while dew. Down with the dew, and we are home.

Whoever is friends with agricultural technology does not grieve about the harvest.

Reap - do not doze off.

Who's doing what

Guess the profession from the description.

    Lomonosov’s words belong to the workers of this profession: “... there is space in the bowels of the earth, and nature reigns richly ... Metals and minerals will not come into the yard themselves - they require eyes and hands for their mine.” High medical requirements are imposed on people of this profession, since they are forced to stay deep underground during the entire work shift. (miner, miner)

    Wherever residential buildings, industrial buildings, etc. are being built, openwork booms of load-lifting devices rise. Their height reaches 50 meters or more, and their carrying capacity is several tens of tons. Here is what one of the professionals says about his work: “A real ace of our business can lower a multi-ton detail onto a matchbox with such accuracy that he does not even hesitate. It is necessary to be equally able to submit both the load and the jar of water - to get drunk to the installers. I place the load with a deviation of plus or minus 5 cm. Of course, such accuracy does not come immediately, it takes a lot of practice and a desire to achieve a high level of skill ”(Crane Operator)

    The word itself is firmly entrenched in our vocabulary, although it came from the West. Originally, the word meant the ability to drive around horses and rule them. In modern English language the word literally means "guiding people". The functions of this profession change with the development of science, technology, and production. Today these are the functions of planning, organization and control. The presence of knowledge in the field of management, economics, law, psychology and the ability to apply them in life - this is what is required of a modern specialist in this profession. (Manager)

    This is the main face of the stock exchange, which is an intermediary in trade transactions. A person in this profession must know everything about securities. Of fundamental importance in determining professional suitability are such personality traits as emotional balance, a high degree of adaptability, since this is one of the most stressful professions. (Dealer)

    People of this profession are the first to arrive at the crime scene, they know everything about fingerprints and handwriting of a person. Any specialist in this profession knows that a man has a step length of 65-90 cm, and for women and the elderly 50-70; and if the step length is a meter or more, then the person is running. (criminalist)

    Translated from English, this profession indicates the design, creation of industrial products. A person of this profession must be technically trained and have a developed artistic taste. But this is not the most important thing. The main thing is that a representative of this profession should treat the world of things as a transformer. Currently, the English version of the name of this profession is better known. We call such a person an artist-designer. (Designer)

    At present, this profession has gained particular popularity in Russia. Unlike European countries, in our country to get this profession quite easy. But in France, for example, who wants to get this profession is subjected to a serious exam. One of the main stages of the exam are psychological tests. Their task is to establish the personal qualities of the subject: the degree of activity, the ability to maintain self-control and composure. Through cross-questions, his upbringing, courtesy, etc., are clarified. candidates write essays about their future profession, by which the examiners judge the mental abilities of the examinee, the level of his spiritual culture. One final clue: this profession deals with valuables and money. (Salesman)

Guess the melody.

    A flight attendant named Jeanne.

    Three tankers.

    Accountant.

  1. Green-eyed taxi.

  2. There is a soldier in the city.

    An artist who paints rain.

Active participants of the quiz receive prizes.

 

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