Red Crimea marine collection. Naval battles. Black and Azov seas. "Svetlana": history of creation

Cruiser "Red Crimea" TTD: Displacement: 7999 tons. Dimensions: length - 158.4 m, width - 15.4 m, draft - 5.7 m. Maximum speed: 29 knots. Cruising range: 1200 miles at 14 knots. Powerplant: 46,300 HP Reservations: side - 76 mm, wheelhouse - 76/50 mm, deck 25 mm. Armament: 15x1 130 mm (9 deck, 6 casemates), 3x2 100 mm guns, 10x1 37 mm anti-aircraft guns, 7x12.7 mm machine guns; 2x3 533 mm torpedo tubes, 2 bomb throwers, 30 depth charges, 100 anchor mines. Crew: 852 people. History of the ship: On November 11, 1913, a new cruiser "Svetlana" was laid down in Revel. Launched on November 8, 1915. But the outbreak of the First World War disrupted the construction of the ship, it was not possible to finish building it before the end of hostilities. Due to the threat of the capture of Revel (Tallinn) by the German army, the Svetlana had to be towed to Petrograd at the end of 1917, where it was planned to commission it in 1919. However, the increasingly worsening economic situation and the collapse of industry made these plans impracticable. After the end of the civil war, when the question arose about the revival of the navy, the fate of the unfinished ship was determined. According to the outline of the naval program, it took several months to commission this ship, but this is in the case of favorable conditions associated with the success in the restoration of shipbuilding and related enterprises. In November 1924, “Svetlana” was transferred to the wall of the Baltic Shipyard. On February 5, 1925, by order of the Red Army Naval Forces, the cruiser was given a new name "Profintern". The ship was completed according to the original project with partial modernization. The obsolete 63-mm cannons were replaced by nine 75-mm anti-aircraft guns with a high elevation angle and increased ammunition for them. Three 3-pipe rotary 450-mm torpedo tubes were installed on the quarterdeck. A reconnaissance seaplane was assigned to the cruiser. To place it between the 2nd and 3rd pipes, a special platform was equipped. To lift the aircraft and launch it into the water, a crane-beam was installed. As a result, the ship's displacement increased slightly. Despite this, the cruiser reached a speed of over 29 knots during testing. July 1, 1928 "Profintern" was enrolled in the Naval forces Baltic Sea and raised the naval flag. Intense study days began. In those years, the ships of the Baltic Fleet “opened the season” for the voyage in May. Alone and as part of detachments, they walked across the Gulf of Finland, performing various evolutions, artillery and torpedo firing, repelling the "attacks" of submarines, etc. The study ended with general fleet autumn maneuvers. From December to April, the ice covered the “Marquis puddle”. The ships spent the winter in the Kronstadt harbors or at the berths of the Leningrad factories. In 1929, in order to extend the training period and give the crews good maritime practice, it was decided to make a long voyage in winter storms. A Practical detachment of MSME went on the campaign, consisting of the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna and the cruiser Profmtern. An experienced sailor L. M. Haller was appointed as the commander of the detachment. The cruiser was commanded by A.A. Kuznetsov. The detachment was supposed to go from Kronstadt through the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea to Naples and back. The call was planned only to Naples, and the ships had to refuel several times from transports at sea. Considering that the return to the Baltic may be difficult due to ice conditions, it was envisaged that the detachment could return to Murmansk. On November 22, the ships left the Great Kronstadt roadstead. Having safely passed the autumn Baltic, the detachment anchored in the Nile Bay late in the evening on November 24. Taking fuel from the transports, a day later we continued the hike. Most of the sailors first saw the shores of Langeland, Belt, Kattegat. Passed the infamous Skagen and went to the North Sea. Here the first troubles began. The mechanics did not take into account the difference in the salinity of the Baltic and ocean waters, and boilers boiled on the ships. I had to anchor. Having eliminated the malfunction, we continued the hike. After passing the English Channel, the ships on November 30 at the Barfleur lighthouse met with the transports that had gone ahead. The ocean wave rocked ships and transports, which significantly complicated the intake of fuel. In order not to wrinkle the sides and not to break the hoses, the ships all the time worked part-time with machines. Several times, when the wind intensified, the loading was stopped. This operation lasted two days. Exhausted crews awaited new tests. The Bay of Biscay met the ships with a fierce storm. When the detachment went against the wind, the Profintern, which had a high forecastle, easily entered the wave. But, unfortunately, the general course forced the ships to go lagging towards the wave. The cruiser roll reached 34 °. Reducing the stroke did not help either. The riveted seams of the hull parted from the blows of the giant waves on the Profiitern. Water began to flow into the boiler rooms. The trouble does not come alone - the sump pump has failed. The commander of the detachment was forced to make a decision to enter the nearest port. On December 4, after saluting the nations, the ships entered the outer roadstead of Brest. The crew of the cruiser began repairs on their own. And the storm was getting stronger. Even in the roadstead the wind reached 10 points. Standing on two anchors, "Profintern" continuously worked with "small forward" turbines. The renovation was completed in two days. French tugs brought an oil barge to the side. But it was not possible to fully replenish the fuel supply - the hoses were torn in the excitement. The ships left for the Bay of Biscay again. The storm reached hurricane force - wind up to 12 points, waves 10 meters high and 100 meters long. The cruiser roll reached 40 °. All boats were destroyed. When the bow attachment collapsed under the blows of the waves on the battleship, the detachment commander decided to return to Brest. On December 10, the detachment again came to the raid of Brest. The battleship moved to the inner raid for repairs. Anchorage in the open roadstead gave only a little rest to the exhausted sailors. The fact is that local authorities did not allow crews to leave for shore. The commanders could go to the city only on business visits. Two weeks later, the repair of the battleship was completed and the ships were ready for the voyage, but due to the incessant storm, the exit was postponed. Only on December 26, the detachment left Brest, now finally. The Bay of Biscay was finally astern; having rounded Cape San Vincent, the ships headed for Gibraltar. Having met the coming year 1930 at sea, the detachment on January 1 came to the bay of Calyarn in Sardinia. Here transports with fuel and water were already waiting. On January 6, permission was obtained to enter the harbor of the city of Cagliari and leave the teams ashore. For the first time in a month and a half, the sailors could feel solid ground under their feet. The next day, a football match was organized between the city team and the Profintern team. On January 8, the ships left hospitable Cagliari, and the next day they came to Naples - ultimate goal hike. A delegation of sailors traveled to Sorrento, where M. Gorky lived at that time, and on January 13, the writer visited the ships and spoke to the crew. The command of the detachment understood that it would not be easy for damaged ships with tired crews to make their way back across the stormy Atlantic to the Kola Peninsula. Haller sent a telegram to Moscow with a request to be allowed to go to the Black Sea, where to make major repairs and return to Kronstadt in the spring. But there was no answer. At 10 o'clock on January 14, the ships left the harbor of Naples and headed for Gibraltar, at which time the long-awaited response was received from Moscow. "Good" for the call to Sevastopol was received. Passed the Mediterranean and Aegean seas, the ships entered the Dardanelles. On the morning of January 17, the minarets of Constantinople appeared ahead of the course. The crews of the ships froze along the sides. From the shore, they are greeted by residents of the Turkish capital. At noon, the detachment went out to the Black Sea. Met by the Black Sea destroyers, the Parizhskaya Kommuna and Profintern entered Sevastopol on January 18, 1930. The campaign, which showed the good maritime skills of the sailors of the young Soviet fleet, came to an end. For 57 days the ships covered 6269 miles. It was decided not to return the cruiser (like the battleship) to the Baltic, but to include it in the Black Sea Naval Forces. In the 30s, "Profintern" underwent modernization, during which anti-aircraft artillery was reinforced. Instead of 75 mm cannons, three twin 100 mm mounts and six 45 mm guns were installed. Both torpedo tubes were moved to the waist. On August 21, 1941, having received fuel and ammunition, the "Red Crimea", guarded by the destroyers "Frunze" and "Dzerzhinsky", went to the front line in Odessa. 462 shells of the main caliber were rained down on the enemy. In the same place, near Odessa, the ship took part in the landing of the first landing party on the Black Sea. In the fierce battles for Sevastopol "Red Crimea" in November - December 1941 conducted 18 artillery fires. The command of the fleet highly appreciated the actions of the artillerymen of the "Red Crimea", many of them were awarded high state awards. During the war years, the cruiser "Red Crimea" under the command of Captain 1st Rank AI Zubkov completed 58 combat missions. The cruiser conducted 52 artillery fires at the positions of the German troops, destroying 4 batteries, 3 ammunition depots and up to an infantry regiment, transported more than 20 thousand personnel, wounded and evacuated citizens of Sevastopol, landed about 10 thousand people as part of the landing forces, repelled over two hundred aircraft attacks. On June 18, 1942, the cruiser was awarded the rank of the Guards. When the squadron of the Black Sea Fleet returned to Sevastopol in November 1944, the "Red Crimea" was given the honor of being the first to enter the main base of the fleet. 20 ", March 18, 1958 turned into the PKZ-144 floating barracks. In July 1959, the Krasny Krym cruiser was excluded from the lists of the Navy ships. This ship was commanded at various times by: - ​​Captain 2nd rank / Captain 1st rank Zubkov A.I. (06/22/1941 - 04/16/1944); - Captain 1st rank P.A. Melnikov (04/16/1944 - 05/09/1945).

Marine Guard of the Fatherland Chernyshev Alexander Alekseevich

Guards cruiser "Red Crimea"

Guards cruiser "Red Crimea"

On September 28, 1913, the cruiser "Svetlana" was enrolled in the lists of ships of the Guards crew, and on November 11, she was laid down at the Russian-Baltic shipbuilding and mechanical joint-stock company in Revel. On November 28, 1915, the cruiser was launched. In October 1917, the unfinished ship was towed to Petrograd. Since November 1924, the cruiser was being completed at the Baltic Shipyard. On February 5, 1925 "Svetlana" was renamed into "Profintern".

The cruiser had a full displacement of 7999 tons, standard - 6833 tons; length 158.4 m, width 15.36 m, draft 9.65 m, power mechanisms (four turbines) 46 300 hp, maximum speed 22 knots, economic -14 knots, cruising range 1200 miles. Armament (as of 1942): 15 - 130-mm, 6 - 100-mm (three twin installations "Minisini"), 4 - 45-mm and 10 - 37-mm guns, 7 - 12.7-mm machine guns, 2 three-pipe 533-mm torpedo tubes. The cruiser could take on deck up to 90 min KB, 10 large and 20 small depth charges. The crew is 852 people.

On August 6–12, 1928, the cruiser took part in the cruise of the ISMM ships under the flag of the Chairman of the USSR Revolutionary Military Council K.E. Voroshilov to the south-western part of the Baltic Sea. In August 1929, the Profintern, together with the cruiser Aurora and four destroyers, took part in a foreign voyage, visiting the German port of Swinemunde. In November 1929 - January 1930 the cruiser Profintern (commander AA Kuznetsov) together with the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna made a transition around Europe from the Baltic to the Black Sea. The swim was very hard. On November 22, 1929, the detachment left Kronstadt. The winter Atlantic met the ships with stormy weather, and in the Bay of Biscay they got into a severe, 10-point storm. The cruiser roll reached 40 °. From the impacts of giant waves on the ships were severely damaged. They had to visit the French port of Brest twice for repairs.

On January 18, 1930, the cruiser and battleship arrived in Sevastopol. For 57 days the ships covered 6269 miles.

"Profintern" was included in the MSFM. The next decade, the cruiser mastered new theater, the crew was engaged in combat training, participated in the maneuvers of the MChM.

In October-November 1933, the Profintern with the cruiser Chervona Ukraine went to Istanbul, escorting the Turkish steamer Izmir, on which the Soviet government delegation headed by K.E. Voroshilov to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Turkish Republic. In 1935-1938. Profintern has undergone major overhaul and modernization at Sevmorzavod. Back in 1937, the Profintern, as an organization, ceased its activities. But only two years later, the cruiser was renamed, having received, by analogy with the other two cruisers of the brigade ("Krasny Kavkaz" and "Chervona [Ukrainian - red] Ukraine"), the name "Red Crimea".

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War the cruiser met under the command of the captain of the 2nd rank (then the captain of the 1st rank) A.I. Zubkov. The ship was under current repair at factory # 201 (Sevmorzavod), which was completed on 16 August.

On the morning of August 21, the "Red Crimea" with the destroyers "Frunze" and "Dzerzhinsky" left the Main Base and arrived in Odessa exactly one day later to provide artillery support to the defenders of the city. They delivered over 1000 volunteer sailors and 120 tons of cargo. The cruiser, without the help of tugs, moored at the Platonovsky breakwater, and a correction post was landed on the shore.

On August 23 at 17.30 the cruiser left the Odessa port and established contact with the corps. Having received the coordinates of the target in the area of ​​the village of Sverdlovo (headquarters of the 35th Romanian regiment), and being on the traverse of Chebanka, at 18.20 from a distance of 82 cab. opened fire. Already in the second minute the spotters asked: “Accelerate the shooting. Defeat". The enemy's batteries returned fire, but the shells fell short. At 19.30 "Krasny Krym" stopped firing, firing 462 130-mm shells, and withdrew to the Odessa roadstead. The cruiser repeatedly opened fire on the planes that bombed the Odessa port.

At 20.30 the destroyer "Frunze" approached the board, the employees of the Odessa bank and 60 bags of money were taken aboard the cruiser. After finishing loading, the ship went out to sea. On August 24 at 7.30 am "Red Crimea" arrived in Sevastopol.

On August 26-27, the cruiser moved from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk. On September 18, "Krasny Krym" left Novorossiysk, escorting the transports "Bialystok" and "Krym", heading with troops to Odessa. The cruiser brought the transports to the edge of the minefields (Cape Tarkhankut), then the destroyer Boykiy entered their escort, and the cruiser turned to the main base and entered the Sevastopol Bay on the morning of September 20.

"Red Crimea" took part in the landing at Grigorievka. On September 21, the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 3rd Naval Regiment - 1109 people were taken on board. At 13.38 the ship weighed anchor and, having entered the wake of the "Krasny Kavkaz", as part of the detachment went to the landing area. On September 22, at 1.14, the detachment arrived in the Grigorievka area. The cruiser took the starting point and, being held by the machines, from a distance of 18 cab. opened fire on the coast, on the spillway of the Adjalik estuary. At 1.27 the fire was transferred to Grigorievka, and seven minutes later it was stopped. At 1.40, the landing of troops began with the help of longboats. Supporting the landing, "Krasny Krym" fired with its entire side at Chebanka, the state farm named after Kotovsky, Meshchanka. By 3.00 am the longboats made 10 flights, having disembarked 416 people, then approached the cruiser gunboat"Red Georgia" and received the remaining paratroopers. At 3.43 the cruiser stopped firing along the coast, which had been firing intermittently for three hours, firing 273 130-mm and 250- 45-mm shells. At 04:05 the cruisers "Krasny Krym" and "Krasny Kavkaz" headed for Sevastopol, and at 16.52 the ship was on a barrel in the Northern Bay. In the evening of the same day, the "Red Crimea" left for Novorossiysk, and on September 26 the cruiser moved from Novorossiysk to Tuapse.

On October 1-2, "Red Crimea" delivered a machine-gun battalion - 263 personnel, 36 heavy machine guns, 2 - 45-mm guns with ammunition from Batumi to Feodosia. Having unloaded the battalion, the cruiser left for Novorossiysk, where it arrived in the morning of September, and then left for Tuapse.

October 29 "Red Crimea" came from Tuapse to Novorossiysk. Having accepted a battalion of marines - 600 people with weapons and ammunition, the ship delivered it on October 30 to Sevastopol. On the night of October 31, enemy aircraft raided the main base, the cruiser commander ordered anti-aircraft fire not to open, so as not to unmask the ship.

"Red Crimea" was included in the artillery support detachment of the troops of the Sevastopol garrison.

On November 2, at 9.30 am, a fierce air raid on Sevastopol began, three Yu-88s attacked the cruiser, dropping seven bombs. All of them fell 20 meters from the side, three did not explode, and five Red Navy men were wounded from the explosions of four bombs by shrapnel. By 18 o'clock the cruiser approached the pier. On November 3, at 17.00, the cruiser finished loading, having accepted 350 wounded, 75 servicemen, 100 evacuees, documents of the Black Sea Fleet headquarters, 30 torpedoes, torpedo parts - only 100 boxes. At 18.27 "Red Crimea" left Sevastopol, on November 6 at 14:00 arrived in Batumi and, moored at the pier, began unloading. On November 7 by 9.00 the cruiser finished unloading, received fuel oil and at 14.00 left Batumi for Sevastopol. Having entered Tuapse to replenish the fuel supply, on the morning of November 9, the "Red Crimea" arrived in Sevastopol.

On November 10, Krasny Krym received the task of destroying the enemy's long-range battery in the Kachi area. At 6.30 he opened fire with the main battery. The shooting was corrected by corpost. After four sighting shots, the ship went over to defeat with three-gun volleys. At 8.00, the ship finished firing, firing 81 shells. The enemy's battery was destroyed. Twice more that day, the cruiser opened fire on the accumulation of enemy manpower - at 12.30 in the Inkerman area (31 shells) and at 20.00 at the area of ​​the village of Duvankoy (20 shells). On November 11, Krasny Krym continued to fire at the enemy infantry clusters, firing 105 shells. During these days, German aviation carried out massive raids on Sevastopol, on November 10, the cruiser shot down an enemy aircraft with 45-mm guns.

November 12 "Red Crimea" stood at the refrigerator At 10.00 a heavy raid on the city and ships began, the cruiser opened fire with all anti-aircraft guns and machine guns. Two groups of three U-88 planes entered the ship and dropped bombs from horizontal flight. 10 bombs fell at a distance of 50 m and further. The same planes called on the cruiser twice more, but because of the intense anti-aircraft fire, the bombs were dropped inaccurately, the ship was not damaged. At 12.00, the second wave of 28 bombers attacked the city and ships, the cruiser Chervona Ukraina was heavily damaged and killed, the destroyers Merciless and Perfect were heavily damaged. Enemy aircraft several times entered the "Red Crimea", but they bombed inaccurately, bombs fell in the city and on the embankment, the ship was not damaged. On November 12, when repelling air attacks, 221 100-mm and 497 45-mm shells were expended. On November 13 and 14, German planes bombed the Yuzhnaya Bay and ships, but strong anti-aircraft fire each time forced them to hastily drop bombs, the cruiser was not damaged.

On November 14 at 23.15 the ship, having taken 350 wounded, 217 military personnel, 103 civilians, 105 tons of cargo, left Sevastopol. At dawn, he joined the security of the "Tashkent" transport. On November 17, the cruiser arrived in Tuapse at 16.30.

On November 26, the cruiser moved from Tuapse to Novorossiysk. On September 2 at 3.15, having on board 1000 soldiers and commanders of replenishment for the Primorskaya army, he went, accompanied by the destroyer "Zheleznyakov" from Novorossiysk to Sevastopol, where he arrived on the morning of November 28. On November 29, the cruiser fired at the enemy concentration in the Shuli, Cherkez-Kermen area, height 198.4. 179 shells were fired. On the night of December 1, the Red Crimea, accompanied by two minesweepers, left Sevastopol for the Balaklava region. Having taken the starting point for firing, he stopped the vehicles and opened fire with his port side at motorized units in the Varnutka, Kuchuk-Muskomya region. Having finished firing, having spent 149 shells, the ship returned to base.

On the same day, standing at the refrigerator in the South Bay, the cruiser opened fire twice at the enemy's troop concentrations near the village of Shuli, at a distance of 100 cab., Then at manpower in the Mamashay area, the shooting was corrected. Since the shooting was carried out at the maximum distance - 120 cab., An artificial roll of 3 ° to the left side was created. As a result, up to an infantry battalion was destroyed by cruiser fire.

On December 2, "Krasny Krym" fired two rounds at the manpower near the Cherkez-Kermen village, the consumption of 60 shells, the Shuli village - 39 shells. On December 3, the cruiser fired at an enemy battery located near the village of Kuchka, consuming 28 shells.

On December 5, having received 296 wounded and 72 evacuated passengers, "Krasny Krym" left Sevastopol at 16.20. On the morning of December 6, he joined the guard of the transports "Bialystok" and "Lvov". The next day the ship arrived in Tuapse, where it unloaded some of the wounded and evacuees, and on December 9 moved from Tuapse to Poti.

On December 10 at 7.30 the cruiser left Poti, escorting the Kalinin and Dimitrov transports with troops for Sevastopol. On December 13 at 8.00 the ships turned to the Inkerman target, at this time the enemy opened fire, several shells fell 50-70 m from the cruiser, two sailors were wounded by shrapnel. ...

In December 1941, the fleet was preparing for a major landing operation, the purpose of which was to liberate the Kerch Peninsula and provide assistance to Sevastopol. "Red Crimea", among other ships, was supposed to participate in the landing of troops in Feodosia, but on December 17 the enemy launched a second offensive against Sevastopol along the entire front. The headquarters ordered the immediate delivery of reinforcements to the defenders of the city on December 20, accepting 1,680 soldiers and commanders of the 79th Special Rifle Brigade at 17.00 with the cruiser Krasny Kavkaz (flag of the commander of the fleet FS Oktyabrsky), the leader Kharkiv, and the destroyers Bodry and Nezamozhnik "," Red Crimea "left Novorossiysk. Because of the fog, the detachment could not cross the minefields at night and was forced to break through to Sevastopol in the afternoon on December 21. In the area of ​​the Chersonesos lighthouse, the ships were attacked by German aviation - six Me-110s, 6 bombs were dropped on the cruiser, which fell 100 meters aft, while the planes fired at the ships from machine guns. "Red Crimea" was not damaged, its anti-aircraft artillery actively repelled attacks. At 13.00 the ships entered the main base, the cruiser moored at the refrigerator and began disembarking. At 18.00, "Krasny Krym" fired at a motor-convoy in the area near the village of Alsu, using up 30 shells.

On December 22, during the day, the cruiser fired four times, of which one night at motorized mechanized convoys and enemy manpower, used up 141 shells. At 19.30, having received 87 wounded, the cruiser with the destroyer Nezamozhnik left Sevastopol for the Balaklava region with the task of destroying enemy personnel with 130-mm guns. Having stopped the course and guided by the lights lit on the shore, the cruiser fired at the enemy positions in the Upper Chorgun area, Toropov's dacha, Kuchuk-Muskamya. Having finished firing (the consumption of 77 shells), the ships headed for Tuapse, where they arrived at 10.50 on 23 December.

"Red Crimea" took part in the Kerch-Feodosiya operation. At the first stage of the operation, the cruiser was included in the ship support detachment of the landing detachment "B", which was supposed to land at Mount Opuk.

The "Red Crimea" was given the task of shelling Feodosia together with the destroyer "Shaumyan" on the night of December 25-26, identifying the enemy's batteries and firing points, and areas where the troops were supposed to land (Kerch, Duranda), and support the landing in Duranda with the fire of their artillery.

On December 25 at 20.20 the Red Crimea with the Shaumyan destroyer left Novorossiysk for the Kerch Strait region, transmitting weather data in the area of ​​operation. On December 26, at 5.32 am, the cruiser opened fire with her starboard main caliber at the port of Feodosia. At 5.40, he finished shooting, firing 70 high-explosive shells. Then the ships headed east and at 7.50 met the cruiser Krasny Kavkaz and the destroyer Nezamozhnik. The cruisers were aimlessly maneuvering in the Feodosiya Gulf, trying to find the landing party. There is fog, rain, snow, poor visibility in the sea. 23.00 the cruiser anchored in the Chauda area. At 6.00 on December 27, the naval support squad received a message that the landing squad had returned to Anapa. The cruiser weighed anchor and left for Novorossiysk.

"Red Crimea" was included in the squadron of support ships of the landing squad "A". On December 28, by 17.10, a landing was taken on the cruiser - 2000 soldiers and commanders of the 9th Rifle Corps, 2 mortars, 35 tons of ammunition, 18 tons of food. The ship accommodated the commander of the 9th rifle corps, Major General I.F. Dashichev with his headquarters.

At 19.00 "Krasny Krym" took off from the mooring and as part of a detachment with the cruiser "Krasny Kavkaz" and three destroyers left Novorossiysk.

On December 29, at 3.05 am, the ship support detachment reorganized into a wake column, at 3.45 am it lay down on a combat tack, and three minutes later the "Red Crimea" opened fire with its port side from 130-mm and 45-mm guns. At 04.03 the fire was stopped, and at 4.35 the cruiser anchored in 2 cab. from the Shirokoye pier and began the landing with the help of four launches, then six patrol boats approached, which transported 1100 paratroopers. Then the BTShch "Shield" approached the side of the cruiser and received 300 people.

Covering the landing, the ship fired direct fire at firing points in the port and city, in the area of ​​Cape Ilya. The enemy fired at the stationary ship from guns, mortars and machine guns, for more than two hours it was under artillery and mortar fire. At 9.15 am the landing of the paratroopers was completed (Major General IF Dashichev with the headquarters remained on the ship), and two minutes later the cruiser began anchoring.

During the landing, 8 shells and 3 mines hit the ship. The ship received two holes in the sides and many small holes in the deckhouses, superstructures and pipes, there were two fires. The holes were repaired, the fires were quickly extinguished. Three 130-mm guns were put out of action, and 18 of the crew and troops were killed and 46 were wounded. Simultaneously with the landing, the ship fired single shots at enemy firing points and troop concentrations, defeating two batteries and suppressing one, destroying several machine-gun points. The cruiser used up 318 130-mm and 680 45-mm shells.

At 09.25, the anchor was selected, at which moment German air raids began. The ship departed south from Feodosia, maneuvering at full speed and repelling air attacks. The cruiser was attacked 11 times, but only in three cases the bombs fell 10-15 meters from the ship. Bomb fragments made 50 small holes. At night, the "Red Crimea" anchored. In the afternoon of December 30, the ship maneuvered in the Feodosiya Gulf, repelling air raids. During the day, up to 15 attacks were made on the ship in groups of two or three aircraft. They were reflected by powerful fire of all calibers, including the main one, which fired shrapnel at low-flying aircraft, as a result, the aircraft turned away and dropped bombs away from the ship. Only in two cases did the bombs fall 20 meters from the side, there were no casualties. The ship kept in touch with the corps and was ready to open fire on the enemy. Eighteen dead sailors were buried at sea. At 16.00 in Dvuyakornaya Bay, Major General Dashichev and his headquarters were transferred to a minesweeper. After that, the commander of the landing, Captain 1st Rank N.Ye. Bassisty ordered the cruiser with the destroyer "Shaumyan" to follow to Novorossiysk. When approaching Novorossiysk, the cruiser received an order to follow in Tuapse, where it arrived on the morning of December 31.

On January 1, 1942, the "Red Crimea", having accepted 260 people and 40 tons of cargo, left Tuapse for Feodosia at 17.00. On January 2, at 15.00, he anchored in 3.5 cab. from the protective pier of the Feodosia port and began unloading personnel and cargo. At the same time, the cruiser supported the left flank of the troops in the Feodosiya sector of the front with cannon fire, poor visibility, fog and snowfall interfered with firing. On January 2 and 3, the cruiser maneuvered in the Feodosiya Gulf. The meteorological situation continued to deteriorate: strong swell, snow, fog. By the morning of January 4, visibility improved slightly, and the ship, all icy, returned to Novorossiysk.

On January 4, at 17.00, Krasny Krym, together with a minesweeper and four MO boats, left Novorossiysk in order to land a landing in the Alushta region. The cruiser carried 1200 soldiers and commanders of the 226th Mountain Rifle Regiment and 35 tons of cargo. But due to the icing of the boats, the detachment at 4:00 on January 5 turned on the opposite course and returned to Novorossiysk. At 16.00 the ships again left Novorossiysk for Alushta, but because of the storm they could not land the troops and in the afternoon on January 6 they returned to Novorossiysk and landed troops in the port.

On January 8, Krasny Krym delivered 730 soldiers and commanders, 45 tons of cargo from Novorossiysk to Feodosia.

In January 1942, the Black Sea Fleet, in order to divert the enemy forces advancing on Feodosia, landed three tactical assault forces in the Sudak area, in two of which the "Red Crimea" participated.

On January 15, having taken the landing - 560 fighters and commanders of the 226th mountain-rifle regiment, "Red Crimea", under the flag of the commander of a detachment of landing ships, captain 1st rank V.A. Andreeva, at 13.00 with the destroyers "Soobrazitelny" and "Shaumyan" left Novorossiysk. At 22.10 the detachment approached Sudak, the ships occupied the starting points of the disposition and at 23.45 opened fire on the coastline in the landing area between Cape Alchak and the Genoese pier of Sudak. "Red Crimea" fired at the beach. As a result, the enemy's wire fences and firing points were destroyed. At 1 o'clock on January 16, the cruiser gave up the right anchor and began the landing and unloading of ammunition by boats and longboats. Covering the landing, the cruiser periodically opened fire on Sudak. From the shore, the cruiser was fired upon from mortars, mines fell at a distance of 4–5 cab., But there were no hits on the ship. The wounded were delivered to the cruiser from the shore. At 4.15 the disembarkation was completed, the cruiser chose an anchor and laid down on the course of withdrawal. In 1625 he arrived in Novorossiysk.

On January 20, the cruiser moved from Novorossiysk to Tuapse. On the night of January 21-22, northeast (bora) fell on Tuapse. On the morning of January 22, waves broke off the mooring cruiser "Molotov", which was parked at a nearby pier. Its anchor-chain broke, and it was turned 180 ° by the wind and waves. "Molotov" with its bow drew along the side of the "Red Crimea", but the cruiser avoided serious damage.

On January 23, units of the 554th Mountain Rifle Regiment (1450 Red Army men and commanders, 70 tons of ammunition, 10 tons of provisions) were loaded onto the "Red Crimea" and he, with the destroyers "Bezuprechny" and "Shaumyan", at 16.00 left Tuapse to Pike perch. At 23.03 the cruiser anchored in 5 cab. from the Sudak beach and began the landing. First of all, ammunition and food were delivered to the coast by longboats, and the paratroopers - by SKA boats. By 6.00 on January 25, the landing was basically completed - 1,300 people were unloaded, all ammunition and food, 250 people remained on the ship. But the increased excitement and the proximity of dawn did not allow the ships to remain off the coast. At 06.05 they weighed anchor and headed for Novorossiysk. On February 14, the cruiser delivered 1,075 marching companies and 3,5 tons of cargo to Sevastopol. On February 22, anchored in the Sevastopol Bay, the "Red Crimea" fired at the enemy troops in the Shuli area. On February 24, at 11.40, an air raid sounded in the city. From the side of Evpatoria, at an altitude of 3000 m, seven Ju-88s were found, which were going to the cruiser. The cruiser's anti-aircraft artillery opened fire in a timely manner. All seven planes took turns diving onto the ship, and each dropped two 500 kg bombs. Three fell on the left side at a distance of 20 m, 11 - on the starboard side at a distance of 10 m or more. The ship was covered with mud and clouded with smoke and dust. It became impossible to shoot, since nothing was visible, but the attacks of the aircraft stopped. The ship was not damaged, one anti-aircraft gunner was wounded. In 1927 the cruiser with the destroyer Shaumyan left Sevastopol and arrived in Tuapse at 12.30 on February 25. The cruiser was loaded with a marine corps company - 250 people and 25 tons of cargo, and on the same day he delivered it to Novorossiysk.

On February 26, the 674th artillery anti-tank regiment - 500 fighters and commanders, twenty 76-mm cannons, 3 kitchens, 20 tons of ammunition was taken on the cruiser. At 15.15 with the destroyer "Shaumyan" they left Novorossiysk and at 0400 on February 27 arrived in Sevastopol. On February 28, while at anchor, "Krasny Krym" fired 60 shots to suppress two batteries 2 km west of Yukhara - Karalez. With the onset of darkness, the cruiser with the destroyers "Shaumyan" and "Zheleznyakov" left Sevastopol in the Alushta region for fire support of the demonstrative landing. At 22.50 a message was received from the commander of the minesweeper division: due to the waves and wind, the landing is impossible. North – core wind 5 points, wave - 3 points. On February 29 at 1.34 in the Kuchuk-Uzen area, the cruiser was fired upon from the coast from a distance of 10 cab. anti-aircraft guns and machine gun fire. The ships quickly suppressed enemy firing points. Then he maneuvered near the coast at low speed or stopped the course. At 2.47 he opened fire on the coastline and Alushta from a distance of 29 cab. The enemy answered, but to no avail. The minesweepers and patrol boats were never able to land the troops. At 4.39 the cruiser and the destroyers laid down a course of retreat to the daytime maneuvering area. On the afternoon of March 1, the ships were maneuvering at the 9-knot speed, in the fog. At 14.20 a message came from the commander of the fleet: "I am awaiting instructions from the front about setting a target for shelling the ship." The cruiser maneuvered in the area from where it could arrive to shell Yalta, Alushta, Sudak, Feodosia and break away from the coast in darkness. At 18.00 the command of the fleet was received - to go to Poti. On March 2, at 13.00, the ships approached Poti, but by this time the wind had increased to 9 points, the wave - to 7, so they headed for Batumi. The ship anchored in the Batumi roadstead, and on March 3, she moved to Poti.

The offensive of the troops of the Crimean Front ended unsuccessfully, the German troops went on the offensive. During this period, the command of the fleet intensified military transport to Sevastopol. "Krasny Krym" constantly went in convoys.

At 1.30 on March 11, the "Red Crimea", guarded by the destroyer "Svobodny", delivered 180 tons of shells and mines from Poti to Sevastopol. Having unloaded the ammunition, the cruiser, guarded by the destroyer "Shaumyan", left Sevastopol at 20.00, having on board 246 wounded and four bodies of 305-mm guns for the battleship "Parizhskaya Kommuna" (total weight 208 tons). On the evening of March 12, the ships arrived at Poti, and the next day the trunks were unloaded.

On March 16, 165 tons of ammunition, 20 tons of food, 150 barrage balloons, and 293 soldiers and commander were loaded onto the ship. At 17.40 the cruiser with the destroyer Nezamozhnik left Poti for Sevastopol, escorting the tankers Sergo and Peredovik. On March 18, the convoy was attacked 11 times by bombers and once by torpedo bombers. The ships fired intense anti-aircraft fire. A total of 50 bombs were dropped on ships and transports, but none of them hit the target. Four bombs fell 20 meters from the starboard side of the cruiser, but did not cause damage. On March 19 at 1.30 the ship arrived in Sevastopol, where four barrels of 305-mm guns were loaded onto it. At 20.30 with the destroyer Nezamozhnik, the cruiser left Sevastopol for Poti. On March 24, the cruiser, accompanied by the Nezamozhnik destroyer, moved from Poti to Batumi, where on the 25th it got up for repairs.

On April 24, Krasny Krym delivered 105 tons of ammunition from Poti to Novorossiysk. During the day, there were three raids on the base in groups of two Ju-88 aircraft. Each time heavy fire was opened, the planes dropped bombs outside the city and left. On the same day, having accepted 1750 people from the marching companies, the "Red Crimea" accompanied by the destroyers "Boyky" and "Vigilant" left for Sevastopol at 19.15. On April 26, at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay, he was fired upon by enemy artillery, the shells fell 40-60 m from the side. The ship moored at Sukharnaya Balka and dropped the fighters. Having loaded a cavalry unit, 45 wounded, at 20.42 the cruiser with the destroyers "Boyky", "Vigilant" and "Savvy" left Sevastopol. The next day, arriving in Novorossiysk, moored at the Elevatornaya pier, unloaded the cavalrymen and the wounded, and began accepting the cargo and marching reinforcements - 1200 people. At 23.20 with the destroyers "Vigilant" and "Savvy" went to Sevastopol. On April 29, at 3.40, the ships arrived in Sevastopol, delivering 1,780 marching reinforcements, 25 tons of ammunition, 16 torpedoes and 265 depth charges. The cruiser moored at Sukharnaya Balka, unloaded cargo and replenishment and took 44 wounded, 67 command personnel and 35 family members of command personnel. At 21.25 "Red Crimea" with the leader "Tashkent", destroyers "Vigilant" and "Savvy" left Sevastopol and arrived in Batumi exactly one day later.

In total, during the period from June 22, 1941 to May 1, 1942, the "Red Crimea", while repelling air attacks, used up 1336 100-mm and 2288 45-mm shells.

On May 8, the enemy launched an offensive against Sevastopol. The commander-in-chief of the North Caucasian direction ordered the fleet commander: "... After loading with two destroyers, the cruiser Krasny Krym, after loading with two destroyers, leave Novorossiysk for Sevastopol not later than May 10 ..." on the morning of May 12, the ships arrived at Novorossiysk. Having accepted replenishment for the Primorsky army, at 20.00 they left for Sevastopol. On May 13, in the fog, the ships followed along the Anatolian coast, and then turned north and approached the entrance point of the fairway. At 24.00 they stopped the cars until visibility improved. On May 14, at 19.50, "Krasny Crimea" and "Nezamozhnik" entered the Main Base, delivering 2,126 soldiers and commanders and 80 tons of ammunition ("Dzerzhinsky" was sent at 11:32 a.m. to search for a minesweeper that met the detachment, but due to a numerical error, it got to defensive minefield, was blown up by a mine and died). Because of the fog, the cruiser, like other ships that arrived in Sevastopol, could not leave the bay until May 19. On May 19–20, the cruiser, having taken 473 wounded from the destroyer Nezamozhnik, moved from Sevastopol to Tuapse, and then to Poti.

On June 1, "Red Crimea" with the destroyers "Savvy" and "Svobodny" arrived in Novorossiysk. On June 2, having received marching companies, weapons, ammunition and food, the ships left Novorossiysk at 19.18 and broke through to Sevastopol at night on June 3. F.S. Oktyabrsky wrote in his diary: "Great: the cruiser Krasny Krym arrived at the GB at about 00 h ..." Poti.

In 1942, the "Red Crimea" more often than other ships of the squadron was involved in the transportation of military reinforcements and cargo to the blockaded Sevastopol - from February to May, it broke through to the Main Base seven times.

On June 18, 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of the Navy No. 137, the cruiser Krasny Krym was awarded the rank of Guards.

June 22 "Red Crimea" moved from Poti to Tuapse, for the next trip to Sevastopol. However, it became clear to the command of the fleet that the cruisers would not be able to break through into the besieged city.

July 26, the day of the Navy, Rear Admiral N.Ye. Bassisty handed the guard flag to the ship. The flag was accepted by the commander of the ship, Captain 1st Rank A.I. Zubkov.

At the end of July 1942, German troops launched an offensive in the North Caucasus. There was a threat of a breakthrough by the 17th German army to the Black Sea near Novorossiysk. The evacuation of the city began. On August 5-7, "Krasny Krym" evacuated from Novorossiysk to Batumi 2,600 people, families of command personnel, party and Soviet workers and valuables. From 8 to 17 August, the cruiser with the destroyer Nezamozhnik made three voyages, delivering evacuees and valuable cargo from Novorossiysk to Batumi, and parts of the 32nd Guards Rifle Division in Tuapse.

On August 25, the "Red Crimea", guarded by the destroyer "Savvy", crossed Batumi - Poti. In the period from August 28 to October 6, 1942, the cruiser underwent maintenance.

In mid-October 1942, enemy forces launched an offensive in the Tuapse region. October 21 "Red Crimea" with the destroyers "Merciless" and "Soobrazitelny" delivered 3,350 soldiers, 11 guns and 47 mortars from Poti to Tuapse. On December 2, Krasny Krym, accompanied by the Nezamozhnik destroyer, delivered units of the 9th Mountain Rifle Division from Batumi to Tuapse.

"Krasny Krym" took part in the landing operation in the South Ozereyka area as part of a cover detachment (cruiser "Krasny Kavkaz" (flag of the squadron commander L.A. Vladimirsky), "Krasny Krym", leader "Kharkov", destroyers "Merciless" and "Savvy "). On February 3, 1943, the detachment left Batumi at 06:10 and moved west to disorient the enemy, and at 06:05 turned into the operation area. However, the shooting was postponed for 1.5 hours due to the delay in the landing detachment. The cruisers and destroyers turned south and maneuvered. On February 4, at 2.16, the detachment approached the landing area. The ships lay down on a combat course, and at 2.35 am "Red Crimea" opened fire on Ozereyka. Having expended 598 130-mm and 200 100-mm shells, the ship ceased fire at 03.05. Having finished shelling the coast, the cruiser and the leader laid down on the course of withdrawal. On February 5 at 10.50, the "Red Crimea" arrived in Batumi and moored to the pier.

In April 1944 A.I. Zubkov was appointed commander of the cruiser Murmansk, which was transferred to the United States on account of reparations. Captain 1st Rank P.A. Melnikov, who had previously commanded a destroyer division.

May 9, 1944 "Red Crimea" moved from Batumi to Poti, guarded by destroyers "Zheleznyakov", "Nezamozhnik", TFR "Shtorm", BTSH "Shield", 14 SKA, 4 aircraft "MBR-2". From May 15 to August 17, 1944, the cruiser underwent scheduled repairs in Poti. At the same time, the method of incomplete drydocking was applied in a 5000-ton dock. The length of the ship's bow console was 33.6 m, the trim angle of the floating dock was 3 °. The cruiser in the dock was visited by the People's Commissar of the Navy, Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov.

In November 1944, a squadron of the Black Sea Fleet relocated to Sevastopol. On November 4, at 9:00 am, the cruiser left Poti together with the battleship Sevastopol, guarding the destroyers Nezamozhnik, Zheleznyakov, Flying, Light, Dexterous, and 8 boats of the Big Hunters. On November 5, at 8:00 am, the ships linked up with the second detachment - two cruisers and three destroyers. At 8.50 a signal was raised on the flagship: "Krasniy Krym" be in charge. " The cruiser bypassed the battleship at full speed and became the head of the squadron. At 12.50, the cruiser's bow 100-mm mount made the first salute shot, it was the first of the squadron's ships to enter the base and at 13.07 stood on the barrel.

During the Great Patriotic War, the "Red Crimea" took part in almost all operations of the Black Sea Fleet and made more cruises than other cruisers. However, for all the time he did not receive a single serious damage comparable to the damage of other cruisers of both the Black Sea and Baltic fleets. Perhaps this was the result of military luck, but, most likely, the skill of the commander and the excellent training of the entire crew of the ship.

The ship completed 58 combat missions, conducted 52 artillery fires at enemy positions, suppressing 4 artillery and mortar batteries and destroying 3 ammunition depots and up to 3 infantry battalions, repelled 205 attacks of enemy aircraft (one aircraft shot down), transported over 20 thousand servicemen, wounded and evacuated citizens.

May 31, 1949 "Red Crimea" was transferred to the detachment of training ships of the Black Sea Fleet. On April 8, 1953, she was decommissioned and reclassified as a training cruiser. From June 1956 to June 1957, the expedition personnel were stationed on the cruiser special purpose(EON) on lifting the battleship "Novorossiysk". The cruiser was stationed in the Sevastopol Bay near the coast, opposite the Ushakovskaya gully on the Korabelnaya side. It was connected to the shore by a floating pier.

Cruiser "Pobeda" Nikolai IVANOV 1 On the upper deck of the cruiser "Crimea", which by the evening of March 16 had docked to the native Russian world, the entire crew lined up in parade formation. In the line, not only the overwhelming percentage of personnel who voted to return to their relatives

From the author's book

Guards cruiser "Krasny Kavkaz" Laid down on October 19, 1913 in Nikolaev at the Russud plant under the name "Admiral Lazarev". The ship was launched on June 8, 1916, but at the end of 1917 the construction of the "Admiral Lazarev" was stopped due to the devastation that gripped the country. December 14, 1926

From the author's book

1st Guards battalion of armored boats of the 1st brigade of river ships of the Volga military flotilla (in 1945 - 1st Guards Belgrade division of armored boats of the Danube flotilla) The division was formed in November 1941 as part of the 1st brigade of river ships of the Volga military

From the author's book

2nd Guards battalion of armored boats of the 2nd brigade of river ships of the Volga military flotilla (in 1945 - the 2nd separate guards Bobruisk Red Banner division of armored boats of the 1st Bobruisk-Berlin Red Banner brigade of river ships of the Dnieper

From the author's book

Guards missile cruiser "Varyag" pr. 58 In the late 1950s. project 58 was developed - a fundamentally new ship with a powerful missile weapons The ships had a standard displacement of 4300 tons, so they were originally assigned to the class destroyers and got

From the author's book

Guards heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Varyag" On December 6, 1985, on the slipway of the Black Sea plant in Nikolaev, the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Riga" was laid down (of the same type as the aircraft carrier "Admiral of the Fleet Soviet Union Kuznetsov ") and launched on November 25, 1988 by the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy

From the author's book

Guards missile cruiser "Varyag" pr. 1164 July 31, 1979 on the slipway of the plant. 61 Communards in Nikolaev, the missile cruiser pr. 1164 "Chervona Ukraine" was laid down, launched on August 28, 1983, entered service on December 25, 1989, and on February 28, 1990 was included in the Pacific Fleet.

From the author's book

Guards missile cruiser "Moskva" pr. 1164 Golovnoy in a series of missile cruisers pr. 1164 "Slava" was laid down on November 5, 1976 on the slipway of the plant. 61 Communards in Nikolaev, launched on July 27, 1979, entered service on December 30, 1982, and on February 7, 1983 included in the Black Sea Fleet.

Alexander Illarionovich Zubkov (1902-1978), rear admiral, participant in the defense of Sevastopol 1941-1942. During the war years, Captain 1st Rank Alexander Illarionovich Zubkov was the commander of the cruiser "Red Crimea" (1938-1944). Later, Zubkov commanded the Novorossiysk naval base of the Black Sea Fleet (12/19/1944 - 05/09/1945).

The cruiser "Red Crimea" performed many feats under the leadership of Alexander Illarionovich: the ship covered the defenders of Sevastopol and Odessa with the fire of its guns, participated in almost all the landing operations of the Black Sea Fleet (Feodosia, Alushta, Sudak, Grigorievka, Kerch-Feodosia landing operation on the coast) about 10 thousand paratroopers, transported the wounded, personnel and civilians about 20 thousand people, repulsed more than 200 attacks of enemy aircraft, destroyed a large number of enemy equipment and manpower.

Thanks to the skilful guidance of his captain, the cruiser did not receive any serious damage, although she was constantly in the hottest spots.

In November 1944, when the squadron was returning to Sevastopol, the cruiser Krasny Krym, under the command of Zubkov, was honored to be the first to enter the main base of the Black Sea Fleet.

The cruiser and the captain "understood" and complemented each other - they were one. There was a unanimous opinion about Alexander Illarionovich in the navy as a great specialist, an enthusiast in his field and good man... This combination of personal and professional qualities was the key to success in the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War.

Stocky, small in stature, his eyes were the color of aqua, he always spoke in a calm soft voice.

His speech was very correct, there was a sense of education, a kind of military intelligence. He was charming and the sailors loved him very much. Alexander Illarionovich was distinguished by his flexibility of mind and the ability to make unexpected decisions, such as, for example, in the task of landing troops right in the bay of the city of Sevastopol in order to recapture it from the enemy.

At the moment when our ships approached the Kerch Strait, a strong storm began. The sea was covered with a veil of impenetrable fog.
The cruiser slowed down, and instead of the early morning of December 21, when the ship was supposed to moor in Sevastopol, the cruiser approached him only at 11 o'clock. The fog cleared away, and the coast began to be clearly visible. At the same time, the cruiser also became clearly visible from the shore. Enemy artillery opened fire, fascist bombers flew in. The splashes of water from bombs and shells were so strong that it was not possible to see the nearby ships.
Fascist bombers, dropping bombs, simultaneously fired large-caliber machine guns at the ships. The cruiser's anti-aircraft gunners fired at enemy aircraft. The sailors did everything possible to repel the attack of the enemy, and they succeeded.

Boldly and courageously covered the sailors and our fighters, based in Sevastopol. The approach to the bay was further complicated by the fact that the entrance to it was mined, and the ship had to move through a minefield along a narrow fairway.

Any maneuvering was not possible. Alexander Illarionovich decides to use the only thing left at his disposal - speed, despite the danger of fast movement along the fairway. The cruiser burst into the bay at full speed and under the bombs and fire of the enemy began to moor, the sailors immediately joined the fire support of the defenders of Sevastopol.

During the landing, "Krasny Krym" received several direct hits from shells, suffered losses of personnel, but nevertheless fulfilled the assigned combat mission.

Such a swift passage of the cruiser to the South Bay of Sevastopol was equated with the daring flight of ace Valery Chkalov under the Troitsky bridge, because Previously, ships always entered this bay through a narrow entrance by towing.

They were deployed at production facilities (light cruisers "Svetlana" and "Admiral Greig") and Putilovskaya shipyard (light cruisers "Admiral Spiridov" and "Admiral Butakov"). One of the main requirements of the Main Directorate of Shipbuilding was the complete unification of all ships of the project intended for the Baltic Fleet. As a result of numerous changes and corrections in the projects of the Putilov and Revel shipyards, it was finally possible to achieve an almost complete identity of these projects.

Even more building a cruiser "Svetlana" complicated the entry of Russia into the First World War. A strong blow to the construction time of the ship was the termination of supplies by the German company Vulkan, under the contract with which Svetlana was to be equipped with water tube boilers and steam turbines. The shipyard management was forced to reorder the equipment, some of the orders for the mechanisms were placed in England, some at the already overloaded Russian factories.

Despite the difficulties of wartime, by the beginning of 1915, work on the construction of the cruiser "Svetlana" managed to intensify. Cruiser readiness as of October 1915 "Svetlana" on the case was 64%, and on the mechanisms - 73%.

By November 1916 on "Svetlana" boilers and turbines were loaded, and their installation began. Also, tests were completed on almost all water- and oil-tight compartments. General readiness of the cruiser "Svetlana" at the moment it was: for the body - 81%, for the mechanisms - 75%. Mostly there were no pipelines and some auxiliary mechanisms, which were re-ordered to other factories with the beginning of the war.

By the fall of 1917, the situation in the Baltic theater of operations was developing extremely unsuccessfully for the Russian army. The capture of Riga and the islands of the Moonsund archipelago by German troops created the real prerequisites for the capture of Revel. In connection with the current situation, the Maritime Ministry decided to evacuate unfinished ships and factory equipment from Reval.

By November 13, 1917 on a cruiser "Svetlana" all finished and semi-finished products and materials available at that time at the plant and necessary for the completion of the ship were loaded. In addition, it was decided to load the equipment of workshops (shipbuilding, foundry, turbine, model and others) onto the cruiser. Total according to the load sheet "Svetlana" took on board about 640 tons various equipment and materials. In the second half of November 1917, the cruiser "Svetlana" was towed to Petrograd for completion at the Admiralty plant.

In November 1924, at the Baltic Shipyard, which at that time was part of the Lengossudotrest structure, a complex of work was begun to complete the construction of a light cruiser "Svetlana"... During the forced long-term storage, the mothballed hull, superstructures, equipment and mechanisms of the cruiser were covered with dirt and rust, some of the materials, equipment and weapons loaded on board before evacuation from Reval were lost for various reasons. Simultaneously with the cleaning of the cruiser from dirt and rust, the development of drawings for a partial modernization of the ship was started according to the assignments issued by the Red Army Navy Directorate.

Given the deficit Money allocated by the VSNKh for the completion of the cruiser, the service station decided to complete the ship according to the initial project with minor modernization. The modernization mainly concerned the replacement of four 63-mm anti-aircraft guns with nine 75-mm guns of the Möller system with an elevation angle of 70 °, as well as the installation, in addition to two underwater torpedo tubes, of three more three-pipe surface torpedo tubes of 450 mm caliber.

As a result of the fact that in the process of partial modernization, additional weapons were installed, the number of the cruiser's crew, as well as the mass of some stocks (mine, artillery and skipper [note 1], drinking water and provisions), the total displacement of the ship increased to 8170 tons. With the change in displacement, other main design shipbuilding characteristics of the cruiser (waterline length, draft, and some others) also changed.

In accordance with the order dated July 1, 1928, the light cruiser "Profintern" was enlisted in the Baltic Sea Naval Forces and raised the naval flag of the USSR.

The cruiser had the following main dimensions: overall length 158.4 meters (at the waterline - 154.8 meters), width with armor and plating 15.35 meters (without plating and armor - 15.1 meters), draft on an even keel 5.58 meters. The freeboard of the ship was: in the bow - 7.6 meters, midships - 3.4 meters and in the stern - 3.7 meters.

The cruiser hull was divided into compartments using water- and oil-tight longitudinal and transverse bulkheads. Also, to ensure the unsinkability of the ship, it was provided for the device of a second bottom throughout the entire hull and a third bottom in some of its sections (mainly in the area of ​​boiler rooms and engine rooms), as well as placement power plant in seven boiler rooms and four turbine watertight compartments.

The armor protection of the cruiser formed two contours, based on the principle of invulnerability from damaging factors (shells and fragments) of the artillery of its main opponents - destroyers and light cruisers. The first contour of armor protection limited the space between the sides of the ship and its decks (upper and lower), and the second - between the sides and the lower deck. The platform, which closed the last contour from below, was not armored, since it was located below the waterline. The side armor of the secondary circuit of increased thickness protected the vital centers of the ship - boiler rooms and engine rooms. The 25-mm armored belt of the first circuit, included in the calculation of the longitudinal strength of the ship's hull and made of sheets of uncemented Krupp steel, had a height of 2.25 meters and ran along the entire length of the ship, covering the side from the upper to the lower deck. The main armor belt, 75 mm thick, was located below and extended almost along the entire length of the ship. This belt consisted of 2.1 meters high Krupp steel cemented slabs. In the area of ​​the 125th frame, the belt ended with an armored traverse 50 mm thick. The lower part of the main armor belt dropped 1.2 meters below the waterline and rested on the side edges of the platform, and the upper part closed the contour of the lower deck flooring. The planking of the lower and upper decks was 20 mm thick. The stern valance, starting from the armored traverse, was protected by 25 mm armor.

A significant disadvantage of booking, according to the shipbuilding committee of the naval ministry, was the lack of armor protection for chimneys and boiler casings.

As a source of steam for the turbines, the cruiser was equipped with four universal and nine oil boilers of the Yarrow-Vulcan type with a working steam pressure of 17.0 kg / cm². The boilers were installed in seven boiler rooms; the first boiler room housed one boiler, and the rest - two. The total mass of the power plant was 1950 tons. Normal stock fuel of about 370-500 tons of oil and 130 tons of coal provided the cruiser with a sixteen-hour run at a speed of 29.5 knots (470 nautical miles) and twenty-four hours at a speed of 24.0 knots (576 nautical miles).

The power electrical equipment of the cruiser was represented by a bow power station, which was located on the platform in the area of ​​the 25-31st frames and was equipped with two diesel generators (diesel dynamo) direct current with a capacity of 75 kW each and a switchboard that allowed switching with electricity consumers and manage the various operating modes of the generators. In the aft part of the ship, there was an aft power station located on the platform in the area of ​​the 103-108th frame, but it was equipped not with diesel generators, like the bow power plant, but with two turbine generators (turbodynamo) of direct current of a higher power - 125 kW each. Here, in the stern, there was also the main switchboard of the aft power plant, which performed the same functions as the switchboard of the bow power plant. The turbines were fed with fresh steam from the steam line of the auxiliary mechanisms, and the spent steam was also discharged into the cooler of the auxiliary mechanisms. The on-board network voltage was 225 volts.

Main caliber consisted of fifteen 130-mm 55-caliber guns (B-7) of the 1913 model. The vertical guidance angle of the guns ranged from −5 ° to + 30 °, horizontal - 360 °. Total ammunition - 2625 rounds.

Torpedo armament the cruiser consisted of two three-pipe 533-mm torpedo tubes 39-Yu of the first series. Ammunition consisted of six torpedoes of the 53-38 type, which were in the vehicles.

Anti-submarine weapons was represented by six scoops for depth charges of the M-1 type and two carts for depth charges of the B-1 type. The stock of bombs was: ten B-1 depth charges and twenty - M-1.

As mine weapons the ship could take on the upper deck up to 90 mines of the KB-3 type or up to 100 naval mines of the 1926 model.

For setting up camouflage smoke screens, the cruiser was equipped with DA-2B smoke equipment with a continuous operation time of up to 30 minutes and 30 marine smoke bombs of the MDSh type. The stock of smoke substances in the barrels was 860 kilograms.

Anti-chemical protection was provided by three FPK-300 filters, the supply of degassing substances on board was: 2.5 tons of solid chemicals and 300 kilograms of liquid. To protect personnel, 582 sets of special protective clothing were provided.

Navigation and communication equipment (data as of November 1943)

In 1930, shortly after arriving in Sevastopol, the cruiser "Profintern" was retrofitted with one more pair of three-pipe 450-mm torpedo tubes, installed on the upper deck on board on special sponsons.

During the repairs, which took place in the summer of 1941, the ship was equipped with demagnetizing windings of the LPTI system.

At the end of 1941, instead of the aft pair of 21-K cannons, 12.7-mm Vickers anti-aircraft machine-gun mounts were installed.

During the repairs in 1943-1944, the cruiser's anti-aircraft armament was slightly modernized. "Red Crimea"... The remaining 45-mm 21-K guns were removed and two 37-mm 70-K assault rifles were delivered.

In addition to all of the above facts of modernization on the ship, in the process of repairs and operation, the locations and the number of combat artillery and mine posts, range finders, searchlights, as well as appearance and the height of the masts.

This action, being then the first for the warships of the USSR, which was breaking out of the impasse of foreign policy isolation and therefore attaching political significance to it, was successful.

At the end of 1929, to provide the crews with a good maritime practice and the extension of the training period, the command of the Navy decided to send a detachment of ships on a long voyage in winter storms. The Practical Detachment of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces set out on a long voyage, consisting of the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna and the cruiser Profintern. The detachment was supposed to go from Kronstadt through the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea to Naples and back. The commander of the brigade of battleships of the Baltic Sea L. M. Haller was appointed as the commander of the detachment.

Leaving Brest, rounding Cape San Vincent and passing Gibraltar, the detachment of ships headed for Sardinia. From January 8, 1930, the cruiser Profintern and the battleship Paris Commune were on a business visit to Cagliari, and from January 14 in Naples, where the ships were visited by A. M. Gorky.

After the detachment left Naples, taking into account the damage to the ships, which were not fully eliminated, and the fatigue of the crews, the naval command decided to send them to Sevastopol for thorough repairs. On January 18, 1930, having covered 6269 nautical miles in 57 days, the cruiser Profintern and the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna dropped anchors in the Sevastopol roadstead. It was decided not to return the cruiser and battleship that completed the long voyage to the Baltic, but in order to strengthen it, be included in the Black Sea Naval Forces.

In October 1933, the cruiser Profintern paid a visit to Turkey.

On October 31, 1939 the cruiser "Profintern" was renamed into "Red Crimea".

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the tactical reorganization of the USSR Black Sea Fleet was carried out. As a result of the reorganization, large surface ships were united into a squadron based in Sevastopol and including the battleship Paris Commune, the Light Forces Detachment and a brigade of cruisers. The cruiser "Red Crimea" was included in the cruiser brigade. Together with the "Red Crimea" the brigade included the light cruisers "Krasny Kavkaz" and "Chervona Ukraina", as well as the 1st division of Novik-class destroyers and the 2nd division of destroyers of the "Gnevny" type.

On June 22, 1941, the cruiser Krasny Krym met at the Ordzhonikidze Sevastopol Marine Plant, where it had been under repair since May. In connection with the outbreak of hostilities, repair work on the cruiser was accelerated and by the second half of August, the ship entered service.

After leaving the repair "Red Crimea" almost immediately began to perform the assigned combat missions. August 22, 1941 a detachment of ships as part of the cruiser "Red Crimea", destroyers

"Red Crimea" - light cruiser of the USSR Navy. When the cruiser was laid down, it was named Svetlana, in honor of the cruiser of the same name, who died heroically on May 28, 1905 in the Battle of Tsushima. She was the lead ship in a series of light cruisers.

Of the Russian Imperial Navy.

He took part in battles as part of the Black Sea Fleet during the Great Patriotic War, was awarded the title - Guards ship.

Building decision new series light cruisers for the Russian fleet were adopted on the basis of the reinforced shipbuilding program for 1912-1916, adopted at a meeting of the State Defense Commission in June 1912.
The naval minister IK Grigorovich and the outstanding Russian and Soviet shipbuilder AN Krylov, who then held the post of chief inspector of shipbuilding and chairman of the Marine Technical Committee, took an active part in promoting the program and its allocations.

Orders for the construction of a series of four light cruisers for the Baltic Fleet were placed at the production facilities of the Russian-Baltic Shipbuilding and Mechanical joint stock company"(Light cruisers" Svetlana "and" Admiral Greig ") and Putilov shipyard (light cruisers" Admiral Spiridov "and" Admiral Butakov ").
One of the main requirements of the Main Directorate of Shipbuilding was the complete unification of all ships of the project intended for the Baltic Fleet.
As a result of numerous changes and corrections in the projects of the Putilov and Revel shipyards, it was finally possible to achieve an almost complete identity of these projects.

On November 25, 1912, the Revel shipyard of the Russian-Baltic Shipbuilding and Mechanical Joint Stock Company submitted a project to the Ministry of the Sea light cruiser with a displacement of 6,650 tons and a speed of 29.5 knots. The project was considered and on December 18, 1912, approved by the Minister of the Navy.
Until the end of 1912, the plant submitted to the Naval Ministry the schemes for booking and disposing of artillery, a diagram of the angles of fire, drawings of artillery cellars, calculations of the cost and delivery time of armor by the Izhora plant, as well as other documents required to conclude a contract.

On February 14, 1913, a contract was signed between the Naval Ministry and the Revel Plant. The contract provided for the construction of two light cruisers for the needs of the Baltic Fleet.
On behalf of the customer, the contract was signed by the head of the department of general affairs, Major General N.M. Sergeev, and on behalf of the contractor, by a member of the board of the Russian society for the manufacture of shells and ammunition, process engineer K.M. Sokolovsky.

Revel ship building period

On November 24, 1913, in the presence of the Minister of the Navy, the laying of the light cruiser "Svetlana" took place, however, due to the unpreparedness of the shipyard and delays in the supply of materials, the actual assembly of the ship on the slipway began only on April 1, 1914.

The construction of the Svetlana cruiser was further complicated by Russia's entry into the First World War. A strong blow to the construction time of the ship was the termination of supplies by the German company Vulkan, under the contract with which Svetlana was to be equipped with water-tube boilers and steam turbines.
The shipyard management was forced to reorder the equipment, some of the orders for the mechanisms were placed in England, some at the already overloaded Russian factories.

Despite the difficulties of wartime, by the beginning of 1915, work on the construction of the cruiser "Svetlana" was intensified. As of October 1915, the readiness of the cruiser "Svetlana" in terms of the hull was 64%, and in terms of mechanisms - 73%.

By November 1916, boilers and turbines were loaded onto the Svetlana, and their installation began. Also, tests were completed on almost all water- and oil-tight compartments.
The general readiness of the cruiser "Svetlana" at the moment was: hull - 81%, mechanisms - 75%. Mostly there were no pipelines and some auxiliary mechanisms, which were re-ordered to other factories with the beginning of the war.

By the fall of 1917, the situation in the Baltic theater of operations was developing extremely unsuccessfully for the Russian army. The capture of Riga and the islands of the Moonsund archipelago by German troops created the real prerequisites for the capture of Revel. In connection with the current situation, the Maritime Ministry decided to evacuate unfinished ships and factory equipment from Reval.

By November 13, 1917, all finished and semi-finished products and materials available at the plant at that time and necessary for completing the ship were loaded onto the Svetlana cruiser.
In addition, it was decided to load the equipment of workshops (shipbuilding, foundry, turbine, model and others) onto the cruiser. In total, in accordance with the loading list, Svetlana took on board about 640 tons of various equipment and materials. In the second half of November 1917, the Svetlana cruiser was towed to Petrograd for completion at the Admiralty Plant.

Completion of the light cruiser "Svetlana" ("Profintern")

In the first time after the October Revolution, work was carried out on the cruiser standing at the outfitting wall of the Admiralty Plant. Through the efforts of the management of the Russian-Baltic Shipbuilding and Mechanical Joint Stock Company, the missing equipment was purchased and installed.
But at the end of March 1918, in accordance with the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on the demobilization of the military industry, the Naval Ministry decided to stop completing the construction of the cruiser Svetlana. For seven years, the cruiser was at the wall of the Admiralty plant in a mothballed state.
In 1924, the ship was transferred to the Baltic Shipyard for completion.

In November 1924, at the Baltic Shipyard, which at that time was part of the Lengossudotrest structure, a complex of work was begun to complete the construction of the light cruiser Svetlana.
During the forced long-term storage, the mothballed hull, superstructures, equipment and mechanisms of the cruiser were covered with dirt and rust, some of the materials, equipment and weapons loaded on board before evacuation from Reval were lost for various reasons.
Simultaneously with the cleaning of the cruiser from dirt and rust, the development of drawings for a partial modernization of the ship was started according to the assignments issued by the Red Army Navy Directorate.

Taking into account the shortage of funds allocated by the Supreme Council of the National Economy for the completion of the cruiser, the service station decided to complete the construction of the ship according to the original project with minor modernization. The modernization mainly concerned the replacement of four 63-mm anti-aircraft guns with nine 75-mm guns of the Möller system with an elevation angle of 70 °, as well as the installation in addition to two underwater torpedo tubes of three more three-tube surface torpedo tubes of 450 mm caliber.

As a result of the fact that in the process of partial modernization, additional weapons were installed, the number of the cruiser's crew was slightly increased, as well as the mass of some reserves (mine, artillery and skipper, drinking water and provisions), the total displacement of the ship increased to 8170 tons.
With the change in displacement, other main design shipbuilding characteristics of the cruiser (waterline length, draft, and some others) also changed.

On February 5, 1925, in accordance with the order of the Red Army Naval Forces, the cruiser changed its name to Profintern.

In October 1926, the actually finished cruiser Profintern moved to Kronstadt for docking and completion of outfitting work.
On April 26, 1927, the Profintern was presented for surrender. Despite the significant overload, during the acceptance tests, the ship reached a speed of more than 29 knots with a turbine power of 59,200 horsepower.

Frame

The cruiser had the following main dimensions: overall length 158.4 meters (at the waterline - 154.8 meters), width with armor and plating 15.35 meters (without plating and armor - 15.1 meters), draft on an even keel 5.58 meters. the freeboard of the ship was: in the bow - 7.6 meters, midships - 3.4 meters and in the stern - 3.7 meters.

The cruiser hull was divided into compartments using water- and oil-tight longitudinal and transverse bulkheads. Also, to ensure the unsinkability of the ship, it was envisaged to arrange a second bottom throughout the entire hull and the third bottom in some of its sections (mainly in the area of ​​boiler rooms and engine rooms), as well as the placement of the power plant in seven boiler rooms and four turbine watertight compartments.

Reservation

The armor protection of the cruiser formed two contours, based on the principle of invulnerability from damaging factors (shells and fragments) of the artillery of its main opponents - destroyers and light cruisers. The first contour of armor protection limited the space between the sides of the ship and its decks (upper and lower), and the second - between the sides and the lower deck.
The platform, which closed the last contour from below, was not armored, since it was located below the waterline. The side armor of the secondary circuit of increased thickness protected the vital centers of the ship - boiler rooms and engine rooms. The 25-mm armored belt of the first circuit, included in the calculation of the longitudinal strength of the ship's hull and made of sheets of uncemented Krupp steel, had a height of 2.25 meters and ran along the entire length of the ship, covering the side from the upper to the lower deck.
The main armor belt, 75 mm thick, was located below and also extended almost along the entire length of the ship. This belt consisted of 2.1 meters high Krupp steel cemented slabs.
In the area of ​​the 125th frame, the belt ended with an armored traverse 50 mm thick. The lower part of the main armor belt dropped 1.2 meters below the waterline and rested on the side edges of the platform, and the upper part closed the contour of the lower deck flooring. The planking of the lower and upper decks was 20 mm thick. The stern valance, starting from the armored traverse, was protected by 25 mm armor.

The casings (protective elements) of the cruiser's chimneys were protected from the upper to the lower deck (the first chimney to the tank deck) with 20-mm armor.
Above the upper deck, all elevators for supplying ammunition to the guns had armored casings made of non-cemented Krupp steel 25 mm thick. The conning tower consisted of two tiers and had vertical walls of 75 mm non-cemented Krupp armor, an armored roof and 50 mm thick filing.
Also, the base of the conning tower from the lower part to the upper deck was made of 20-mm non-cemented steel. To protect the numerous wires and cables coming from the ship's control devices and artillery fire, as well as telephones installed in the conning tower, a special pipe of forged cannon steel with a wall thickness of 75 mm was provided.

A significant disadvantage of booking, according to the shipbuilding committee of the naval ministry, was the lack of armor protection for chimneys and boiler casings.

In accordance with the order of July 1, 1928, the light cruiser Profintern was enlisted in the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea and raised the naval flag of the USSR.

Power plant

Steam turbines of the Curtis - AEG - Vulcan system were installed on the cruiser as a power plant in accordance with the specification. Serial turbines of this type, produced by the Vulkan plant, had a design forward power of 10,700 horsepower, and the actual power with a forced stroke of about 14,000 horsepower.
The design speed of the turbines was 650 rpm, and the initial steam pressure in front of the nozzles was 14 kg / cm² (SGS). The reverse turbine, located in a housing separate from the forward travel turbine, directly adjacent to the forward travel turbine housing and fastened to its rear bottom, developed a power of about 35% of the forward travel turbine power.
All four turbines installed on the cruiser were completely autonomous, representing separate units acting on their propeller shafts.
Two bow turbines worked on the right and left outer shafts, and two aft turbines - on the left and right middle shafts.
This arrangement of the turbines ensured high survivability of the ship and the power plant, giving the ship good maneuverability, as well as approximately the same length of the propeller shafts.
According to the project, the turbine installation of the cruiser with a forward power of 50,000 horsepower provided a speed of 29.5 knots. In reverse, the power of the turbines was about 20,000 horsepower.

As a source of steam for the turbines, the cruiser was equipped with four universal and nine oil boilers of the Yarrow-Vulcan type with a working steam pressure of 17.0 kg / cm².
The boilers were installed in seven boiler rooms; the first boiler room housed one boiler, and the rest - two. The total mass of the power plant was 1950 tons.
A normal fuel supply of about 370 - 500 tons of oil and 130 tons of coal provided the cruiser with a sixteen-hour run at a speed of 29.5 knots (470 nautical miles) and twenty-four hours at a speed of 24.0 knots (575 nautical miles).

Electrical equipment

The power electrical equipment of the cruiser was represented by a bow power plant, which was located on the platform in the area of ​​the 25th - 31st frames and was equipped with two diesel generators (diesel dynamo) direct current with a capacity of 75 kW each and a switchboard that allowed switching with electricity consumers and manage the various operating modes of the generators.
In the aft part of the ship, there was an aft power station located on a platform in the area of ​​the 103-108th frame, but it was equipped not with diesel generators, like the bow power plant, but with two turbine generators (turbodynamo) of direct current of a higher power - 125 kW each. the main switchboard of the aft power plant was also located in the stern, which performed the same functions as the switchboard of the bow power plant.
The turbines were fed with fresh steam from the steam line of the auxiliary mechanisms, and the spent steam was also discharged into the cooler of the auxiliary mechanisms. The on-board network voltage was 225 volts.

Armament (data as of November 1943)

Artillery

The main caliber consisted of fifteen 130-mm 55-caliber guns (B-7) of the 1913 model. The vertical guidance angle of the guns ranged from −5 ° to + 30 °, horizontal - 360 °. Total ammunition - 2625 rounds.

Anti-aircraft artillery included:

three paired 100-mm 47-caliber guns of the Minisini system, made in Italy. One gun was installed on the tank, two - aft side by side. The vertical guidance angle of the guns ranged from −5 ° to + 78 °, horizontal - 360 °. Total ammunition - 1621 shots.

four semi-automatic 45-mm 46-caliber anti-aircraft guns (21-K), two on board in the rear of the forecastle between the first and second chimneys. The vertical guidance angle of the guns ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °, horizontal - 360 °. Total ammunition - 3050 rounds.

ten automatic 37-mm 62.5-caliber anti-aircraft guns (70-K). The vertical guidance angle of the guns ranged from -10 ° to + 85 °, horizontal - 360 °. Total ammunition - 10440 rounds.

two quadruple 12.7 mm Vickers anti-aircraft machine-gun mounts mounted side by side on the stern superstructure. Total ammunition - 24,000 rounds.

four 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine guns of the 1938 model. Total ammunition - 11,930 rounds.

Mine torpedo and anti-submarine

The cruiser's torpedo armament consisted of two three-pipe 533-mm torpedo tubes 39-Yu of the first series. The ammunition load consisted of six torpedoes of the 53-38 type, which were in the vehicles.

Anti-submarine weapons were represented by six scoops for depth charges of the M-1 type and two carts for depth charges of the B-1 type. The stock of bombs was: ten B-1 depth charges and twenty - M-1.

As a mine weapon, the ship could take on the upper deck up to 90 mines of the KB-3 type or up to 100 naval mines of the 1926 model.

Chemical and anti-chemical

For setting up camouflage smoke screens, the cruiser was equipped with DA-2B smoke equipment with a continuous operation time of up to 30 minutes and 30 marine smoke bombs of the MDSh type. The stock of smoke substances in the barrels was 860 kilograms.

Anti-chemical protection was provided by three FPK-300 filters, the supply of degassing substances on board was: 2.5 tons of solid chemicals and 300 kilograms of liquid. To protect personnel, 582 sets of special protective clothing were provided.

Navigation and communication equipment (data as of November 1943)

The ship's navigational equipment set included: five 127-mm magnetic compasses, a Kurs-II grade X gyrocompass, an MS-2 echo sounder and a Thomson mechanical lot, as well as a GO M-3 log.

Communication facilities were: two "Reid" transceivers and one of the RB-38 brand; Shkval-M, Breeze, Uragan radio transmitters and two Bukhta transmitters; Radios KUB-4 (1 set), 45-PK-1 (3 sets) and "Dozor" (3 sets). Crew

As of November 1943, the crew of the light cruiser Krasny Krym consisted of 48 officers, 148 petty officers and 656 privates of the Red Navy - a total of 852 people.

Cruiser upgrades

In 1929, as a result of a minor modernization, the cruiser Profintern was equipped to receive and transport a seaplane.
Launching and ascent aircraft were carried out by a specially installed crane-beam, which was located on the waist between the second and third pipes above the platform for the aircraft. In addition, the aft torpedo tube located on the poop was dismantled on the ship.

In 1930, shortly after arriving in Sevastopol, the Profintern cruiser was retrofitted with another pair of three-pipe 450-mm torpedo tubes, mounted on the upper deck on board on special sponsons.

1935 - 1938 - major overhaul and modernization. As a result of the work carried out, the cruiser's anti-aircraft armament underwent the greatest changes. In particular, 100-mm anti-aircraft guns of the Minisini system were installed on the cruiser, instead of partially dismantled 75-mm anti-aircraft guns of the 1928 model, anti-aircraft semi-automatic 45-mm guns 21-K, anti-aircraft machine guns DShK.
The cruiser's torpedo armament was also completely modernized: instead of four three-tube 450-mm torpedo tubes, two newest three-tube 533-mm tubes were installed and underwater traverse torpedo tubes were dismantled. The main boilers of the power plant were also modernized - all were converted to liquid fuel.

During the repairs, which took place in the summer of 1941, the ship was equipped with demagnetizing windings of the LPTI system.

At the end of 1941, instead of the aft pair of 21-K cannons, 12.7-mm Vickers anti-aircraft machine-gun mounts were installed.

During the repairs in 1943 - 1944, the anti-aircraft armament of the cruiser Krasny Krym was slightly modernized. The remaining 45-mm 21-K guns were removed and two 37-mm 70-K assault rifles were delivered.

In addition to all of the above facts of modernization on the ship, in the process of repairs and operation, the locations and number of combat artillery and mine posts, range finders, searchlights, as well as the appearance and height of the masts changed.

Service history

Service of the ship from 1928 to 1941

In August 1929, the first visit of the warships of the Soviet Baltic Fleet to Germany took place. Two cruisers, Profintern and Aurora, visited the port of Swinemunde.

This action, being then the first for the warships of the USSR, which was breaking out of the impasse of foreign policy isolation and therefore attaching political significance to it, was successful.

At the end of 1929, in order to provide the crews with good maritime practice and extend the training period, the command of the Navy decided to send a detachment of ships on a long voyage in winter storms.
The Practical Detachment of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces set out on a long voyage, consisting of the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna and the cruiser Profintern.
The detachment was supposed to go from Kronstadt through the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea to Naples and back. The commander of the brigade was appointed as the commander of the detachment. battleships Baltic Sea L. M. Haller.

Having left the Great Kronstadt raid on November 22, 1929, the ships of the detachment passed the autumn Baltic and Danish straits without incident.
In the North Sea, due to an error in the calculations of the mechanics, who did not take into account the difference in the salinity of the water in the North and Baltic seas, boilers boiled on the ships. After fixing the malfunctions and taking fuel in the area of ​​Cape Barfleur, the detachment headed to the Bay of Biscay.
Having got into a fierce 10-11 ball storm in the Bay of Biscay, the cruiser Profintern received heavy damage to the hull, as a result, the detachment commander decided to go for repairs to the nearest port of Brest. After carrying out repair work on the Profintern in Brest and replenishing supplies on December 4-7, 1929, the detachment of ships went out to sea, where they again fell into a severe 11-point storm.
Under the blows of the waves on the battleship "Paris Commune", the bow attachment collapsed and the commander of the detachment decided to return to Brest. From December 10 to 26, the ships were in Brest due to an ongoing storm.

Leaving Brest, rounding Cape San Vincent and passing Gibraltar, the detachment of ships headed for Sardinia. From 6 to 8 January 1930 the cruiser Profintern and the battleship Paris Commune were on a business visit to Cagliari, and from 9 to 14 January in Naples, where the ships were visited by A. M. Gorky.

After the detachment left Naples, taking into account the damage to the ships, which were not fully eliminated, and the fatigue of the crews, the naval command decided to send them to Sevastopol for thorough repairs.
On January 18, 1930, having covered 6269 nautical miles in 57 days, the cruiser Profintern and the battleship Parizhskaya Kommuna dropped anchors in the Sevastopol roadstead. It was decided not to return the cruiser and battleship that completed the long voyage to the Baltic, but in order to strengthen it, be included in the Black Sea Naval Forces.

In October 1933, the cruiser Profintern paid a visit to Turkey.

From 1935 to 1938, the cruiser was overhauled and modernized at the Ordzhonikidze Sevastopol Marine Plant.

Combat path during the Great Patriotic War

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the tactical reorganization of the USSR Black Sea Fleet was carried out. As a result of the reorganization, large surface ships were united into a squadron based in Sevastopol and including the battleship Paris Commune, the Light Forces Detachment and a brigade of cruisers. The cruiser "Red Crimea" was included in the cruiser brigade. Together with the "Red Crimea" the brigade included the light cruisers "Krasny Kavkaz" and "Chervona Ukraina", as well as the 1st division of Novik-class destroyers and the 2nd division of destroyers of the "Gnevny" type.

On June 22, 1941, the cruiser Krasny Krym met at the Ordzhonikidze Sevastopol Marine Plant, where it had been under repair since May. In connection with the outbreak of hostilities, repair work on the cruiser was accelerated and by the second half of August, the ship entered service.

After leaving the repair "Red Crimea" almost immediately began to perform the assigned combat missions. On August 22, 1941, a detachment of ships consisting of the cruiser "Red Crimea", the destroyers "Frunze" and "Dzerzhinsky" arrived to help besieged Odessa.
The ships delivered to Odessa a replenishment consisting of the 1st detachment of volunteer sailors in the amount of 600 people and the 2nd detachment of volunteer sailors in the amount of 700 people. After unloading the troops, a detachment of ships fired on the advancing units of the 15th Romanian Infantry Division in the areas settlements settlement them. Sverdlov and Chabanka.

In mid-September 1941, the command of the Odessa defense region, with the participation of senior officers of the Black Sea Fleet, developed a plan for a counterstrike in the Odessa region.
As one of the components of the operation, it was planned to land a tactical assault force of up to one regiment in the area of ​​the village of Grigorievka, located 16 kilometers from the front line. The transportation and fire support of the landing, consisting of the 3rd Black Sea Marine Regiment, was carried out by a detachment of ships consisting of the cruisers Krasny Krym, Krasny Kavkaz, and the destroyers Boyky, Impeccable and Merciless.
On September 21, 1941 at 13:30 the cruiser "Krasny Krym", having on board more than a thousand paratroopers, as part of a detachment of landing ships left Sevastopol in the direction of Odessa. On the night of September 23, while carrying out artillery shelling of the bridgehead, the ships made a landing.
At 4 o'clock in the morning, having finished the disembarkation, the cruisers left for Sevastopol. The landing forces of the troops carrying out the counterattack successfully completed the combat mission.
On September 23, 1941, gratitude was announced to all personnel participating in the operation by the Military Council of the Odessa Defense Region.

Unable to withstand the attacks of the German army in the area of ​​the Perekop-Ishun positions, Soviet troops at the end of October 1941 were forced to withdraw to Sevastopol and the Kerch Peninsula. On October 30, 1941, the advanced units of the 11th German Army of Colonel-General Manstein reached the close approaches to Sevastopol. Considering the danger of the sinking of the large ships of the Black Sea Fleet based on Sevastopol, the fleet command decided to relocate the squadron to Novorossiysk and Poti.
On the night of November 1, 1941, the main detachment of ships left Sevastopol. For the solution of operational tasks and artillery support of the troops of the first and second defense sectors located in the south of the Sevastopol defense region, the cruisers "Krasny Krym", "Chervona Ukraina" and several destroyers were left and dispersed across the bays of Sevastopol.

On December 21, 1941, during the second offensive of the German troops on Sevastopol, the cruiser Krasny Krym, among the squadron ships, delivered to the city an important replenishment for the defending Soviet military units - soldiers of the 79th Marine Rifle Brigade.

In November - December 1941, in the battles for Sevastopol, the cruiser "Red Crimea" conducted 18 artillery fires.

December 28 - 30 "Red Crimea" took an active part in the Kerch-Feodosia landing operation. Having landed a detachment of paratroopers loaded onto it with the help of launches, the ship provided fire support for the landing troops. In total, during the landing operation, the cruiser Krasny Krym underwent eleven air attacks, as a result of artillery shelling eleven shells and mines hit the ship.

On January 15-25, 1942, as part of a detachment of landing ships, the Krasny Krym cruiser carried out the transportation and disembarkation of troops that were part of the second and third landings in the Sudak region.

From January to June 1942, the cruiser Krasny Krym delivered military cargo and reinforcements to Sevastopol, making a total of 98 voyages together with other ships of the Black Sea Fleet.
During the same period of time, the cruiser, along with other ships [approx. 3] the Black Sea Fleet carried out fire support of the Sevastopol defense region. In total, artillery strikes were made for a total of 64 days, and on some days the fire was opened several times.

For the courage shown in the battles for the Fatherland against the German invaders, for perseverance, courage, discipline and organization, for the heroism of the personnel, the crew of the cruiser "Red Crimea" is awarded the title of "Guards".

After the capture of Sevastopol by the Wehrmacht and the defeat of the group of Soviet troops on the Kerch Peninsula, the main focus of hostilities in the Black Sea shifted to the region of the Caucasian coast of the USSR. The military confrontation that took place in the summer of 1942 and in the winter of 1942 - 1943 in the region of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the basins of the Don and Kuban rivers was called the Battle of the Caucasus.

In early August 1942, there was a threat of a breakthrough by German troops in the Novorossiysk direction. In this regard, the ships of the Black Sea Fleet began to evacuate Novorossiysk. Within a month, the cruiser "Red Crimea" and the destroyer "Nezamozhnik" took out more than 10,000 people and over 1,000 tons of cargo to Tuapse.

In the second half of October 1942, as part of a detachment of ships of the fleet, the cruiser Krasny Krym took part in the transfer of the 8th and 9th Guards rifle brigades from Poti to Tuapse. The transfer of these units made it possible to stop the offensive of the Wehrmacht troops in the Tuapse region and stabilize the front line.

During the defense of the Caucasus from July to December 1942, the ships of the squadron, which included the "Red Crimea", transported 47,848 soldiers and commanders of the Soviet Army with weapons and about 1,000 tons of military cargo. November 5, 1944 "Red Crimea" fires an artillery salute at the entrance to the roadstead of Sevastopol.

On February 3 - 4, 1943, the cruiser "Krasny Krym" was in the group of ships covering the amphibious assault in the operational area Stanichka-Yuzhnaya Ozereyka.

In October 1943, the cruiser was put under repair in Batumi, which lasted until the end of the summer of 1944.

On November 5, 1944, the cruiser Krasny Krym was given the high honor to lead a squadron of warships of the Black Sea Fleet returning to Sevastopol. At the entrance to the Northern Bay, the cruiser's artillery fired the first salute shot. A flag signal was raised on the masts of the ships of the formation: "Greetings from the winners to the undefeated Sevastopol."

During the war years, the cruiser "Red Crimea" completed 58 combat missions. The crew of the cruiser conducted 52 artillery fires at the positions of the German troops, while 4 batteries, 3 ammunition depots and up to an infantry regiment were probably destroyed. The ship transported more than 20 thousand personnel, wounded and evacuated citizens of Sevastopol.
During the landing operations, about 10 thousand people were landed as part of the landing forces. The cruiser's anti-aircraft artillery repelled over two hundred attacks from enemy aircraft.

In the post-war years

On May 31, 1949, the cruiser "Krasny Krym" was reorganized into a training cruiser, on May 7, 1957 - into an experimental vessel and renamed into "OS-20", on March 18, 1958, it was turned into a "PKZ-144" floating barracks.

In July 1959, the ship was excluded from the lists of the Navy ships and handed over to the OFI for dismantling for metal. According to some reports, the ship was sunk in the late 50s while testing new types of weapons.

Memory of the cruiser "Red Crimea"

On July 30, 1983, on the day of the celebration of the bicentennial of the Black Sea Fleet, a memorial sign was erected in the center of the Feodosia Gulf, dedicated to the sailors of the cruisers Krasny Krym and Krasny Kavkaz, who died during the landing in Feodosia and were buried at sea. The memorial sign is made in the form of a buoy with a plate on which information about this event is stated.

The name "Red Crimea" was assigned BOD project 61, which was part of the Black Sea Fleet from 1970 to 1993.

 

It might be helpful to read:

• Craft from plasticine for the day of cosmonautics;
• School riddles - fun activity for kids;
• How to mold a plasticine bat step by step with a photo;
• Embroidered keyrings Embroidered keychain diagram;
• Station game "fair";
• Games in the summer day camp for primary school children;
• Camp competitions for children;
• Children's riddles about transport;