Organization of the activities of the club association. Forms and methods of work of cultural institutions of the club type The concept of a club and club activities

1. The concept of "club" and club activities.

2. The composition of the premises of the club and their purpose.

3. Life cycles of club activities

4. Classification of clubs.

5. Club membership.

1. The concept of "club" and club activities

Clubs are classified as enterprises of the hospitality industry and are considered as a direction entrepreneurial activity from different points of view (motivations of people, business and possible career).

Club- an association of people with similar interests in a certain place.

The purpose of creating clubs is the development of social activity, education, creativity and leisure activities - recreation and entertainment.

The club is managed by creative specialists and administration.

Staff requirements:

Possess pedagogical knowledge;

It is necessary to know some kinds of art.

The club is created with the aim of developing the social activity of its members, their creative beginnings, education and raising the cultural level. Visitors to the club relax and have fun together. The club community is characterized by initiative, initiative, public opinion and consciousness.

The club establishes and develops interpersonal contacts, different in goals, degree of regulation, depth, stability, duration and other features. When people communicate, their social activity is manifested. The club acts as a leisure center.

The club is managed by leaders and specialists. The staff has pedagogical knowledge, is oriented in various types art. In the performance of their functions, the staff is guided by the theory and methodology of organizing leisure activities, using methods and techniques for organizing the interaction of people. Various means of transmitting emotional information are used (live speech, texts, visual aids, various types of art). Club activities are always multifunctional.

There are complex and specialized clubs.

Complex clubs are designed to organize communication between people with a wide range of interests. The educational activities of such clubs, the development of creativity, the provision of cultural recreation and entertainment should take into account the interests of a heterogeneous composition of visitors.

Specialized clubs are focused on a contingent of visitors with a narrower variation of interests. It can be people of the same profession, social group, age, etc. With the strengthening of one of the functions of the activity, clubs * are in the nature of cultural and educational, recreation, communication, youth, environmental, sports and recreation, technical creativity and other specializations. In some cases, club activities can be combined with the organization of consumer services for the population.

2. The composition of the club premises and their significance as a leisure center

Club facilities should be focused on the implementation of various types of leisure activities. A typical composition of the club's premises includes a spectator complex, demonstration and club complexes, administrative and utility and technical premises (Fig. 9)

The premises of the spectator complex include a vestibule, a foyer, and sanitary facilities. The demonstration complex is formed by an auditorium (halls) with a stage (or stage), premises for serving a concert or film screening. The club complex of premises is formed by premises for lecture and information work, for the work of circles and studios, for recreation, entertainment, and communication.

The auditorium of the club is designed for multi-purpose use. It should transform quickly and relatively easily. The floor of the room should be flat at one level. Furniture should be provided mobile or stationary, but easily dismantled. It is advisable to have natural lighting in the hall.

The interior space of the club should be comfortable, cozy, conducive to communication. The individualized interior is designed to create a special club atmosphere.

Functional connections of the club premises are shown in fig. nine.

Rice. 9 Composition of club premises

Evaluation of the effectiveness of functional links is carried out taking into account their compulsion and intensity. So, coordination of the work of the hall with the foyer, lobby, living room, ballroom looks quite successful. The same scheme, but without connection with the dance hall, is considered unsuccessful. It is not advisable to limit the connections of the ballroom only with the foyer and lobby. The connections of the ballroom with the cafe, the hall, the living room are also essential.

The integrated use of premises in clubs is achieved by eliminating duplicate areas and premises that will be formed if a separate material and technical base is created for each type of activity (entertainment, gaming, educational, etc.). Some rooms allow multifunctional use. For example, rehearsals of vocal circles can be held in club rooms. It is also envisaged to unite adjacent premises of the same purpose and use them for another type of activity (for example, the association of two club premises for a theatrical performance).

3. Life cycle of club activity

In small settlements, as a rule, complex clubs are created. The degree of complexity of the clubs is different and depends on the degree of integration of the activities carried out, on the area of the premises, on the degree of flexibility and multifunctionality of their use. The smaller the settlement, the higher the degree of complexity of the club.

A club within the city should be considered as an element in the formation of the city's public center. The integration of activities in it and its cooperation with the public service enterprise improves the quality of leisure activities and expands the possibilities of social contacts.

When analyzing club activities, the number of participants, the composition and number of interest groups, the degree of connection with leisure and recreation institutions, the frequency and place of meetings of participants, and the club space are studied. The socio-demographic structure of participants is the distribution of persons depending on age, gender, marital status. Groups have their own value orientations, models of behavior. Common value orientations, interests, hobbies, sympathies allow us to speak about the presence in the club of the socio-psychological structure of the participants. Other structuring of the participants and the club is also possible, emphasizing various types of social relations - formation, development, then "withering away". Of interest is the definition of the period of existence of the club movement.

Club activity is characterized by a number of features, can be considered in various aspects, therefore it is possible to form many groups of indicators of the life cycle of the club movement. For example, when the idea of forming a club becomes obsolete, the attendance of events held and the closeness of contacts decrease. The club ceases to exist as an activity. The organizers of the club movement should be concerned not only with the exhaustibility of the ideas driving the formation of the club movement. It is important to replace the obsolete movement with a new one. The cyclic nature of the development of the club movement is supported by the feedback phenomenon: the functioning of the club generates new knowledge and the possibility of their application to change an outdated idea. In general, the organization of a rational change of activities on the scale of the existing club premises leads to an increase in the efficiency of the club business.

The underestimation of the life cycle of the club movement in the USSR led to the opposition between the formally regulated activities of clubs and the informal movement. Each stage of the club movement requires special principles of organization, management methods. Not all stages of development of the club movement need to provide a special room.

Club activity needs forecasting. Reliability is important for forecasting - and from this position, the forecast should be developed according to the available data on the actual state of the club movement. At the same time, one should abstract from those trends that are very likely not to be repeated in the future. On the other hand, with the variety of prospects for the development of the club movement, one should rely on those that, apparently, will come true. The future of the club movement is considered a natural result of the previous development, however, it is assessed in connection with such characteristics as "uncertainty", "search", "risk". It is advisable to single out the socio-psychological, cognitive, organizational, entertaining, recreational functions of club activities and predict their development.

4. Classification of clubs

Differences between clubs are characterized by two elements: the types of members and the purpose of the association.

The traditional classification of clubs is divided into landscape and urban, taking their location as the basis for such a division. Related to this division is the amount of property administered by the clubs.

City clubs are not owners and operate on rented space. They are prone to commercial operations predominantly in the catering industry, which limits the opportunities for sports for their members.

Landscape clubs (sometimes referred to as rural clubs) are located in suburban areas where land is plentiful and less expensive. Therefore, these clubs are able to offer a wide range of sports events both indoors and outdoors.

There are also good restaurants and small hotels with no more than 30 rooms.

Although this traditional classification covers most of the clubs, it does not take into account other clubs such as yacht clubs, tennis clubs, military and various humanitarian associations of people.

The classification will be given below in a more detailed form.

country clubs located in a suburban or rural area, they

generally well equipped for sports. Usually it is golf, but some specialize in tennis and swimming. In addition, many clubs create opportunities for their members to do something other than golf: horseback riding, card games, aerobics, and so on.

Almost all country houses have one or more lounges with comfortable armchairs, sofas, and a restaurant. Many clubs have everything for organizing banquets. Often guests pay for themselves and their guests at the end of the month. Banquet equipment is used during official banquets and informal parties, dinners, dances, weddings. Some clubs charge prohibitively high entry fees (up to $250,000 in some cases) to keep the establishment exclusive.

city clubs usually distinguished by great efficiency, can be very diverse in sizes premises, by direction, by the types of services offered. Some, especially those that have existed for many years, have their own premises, others have to rent. A club cannot exist if it cannot accommodate the tastes of its members. As already mentioned, city clubs are divided into the following categories:

Ø professional

Ø elite

Ø sports

Ø dining

Ø University

Ø military

Ø yacht clubs

Ø partnership

Ø corporate

Professional clubs , as is already clear from the very unite people of the same profession.

Elite clubs give their members the opportunity to communicate with each other. Members may be representatives of different professions, but more or less of the same socio - economic formation. Social clubs in many ways copy the famous London clubs, to which only true gentlemen could belong, and therefore it was considered bad form to talk about business there.

Sports clubs give citizens the opportunity to swim, play tennis, etc. In some urban sports clubs, due to lack of space, treadmills and sports fields are located directly on the roof of an indoor tennis court. Usually clubs have lounges, a bar and a restaurant where athletes can relax and socialize with each other. Some sports clubs even have rooms where you can take a nap.

Dining clubs located, as a rule, in large office buildings. Often membership is offered to employees of other offices who rent space in the same building. Usually these clubs are open during lunch hours, and sometimes in the evening.

University clubs established, as a rule, by former graduates. They are usually located in prestigious areas of the city and offer their members a wide variety of entertainment, but the main focus is on good food and booze.

IN military clubs representatives of both sergeants and officers are accepted. Like other types of clubs, they have everything you need to have a good rest and have fun, as well as drink and eat. Although the officers' clubs are located on the base, in recent years they have more and more often invited civilians to manage and maintain the club.

the main task yacht club - keep in order the pier where the yachts of the club members are. Yacht clubs have lounges, bars and a catering department, as in other clubs. The maritime theme, of course, dominates the design of yacht clubs, and this is precisely what attracts new members: no matter what profession and social stratum they belong to, they are all brought together by a love of the sea.

Among friendly clubs there are very specific associations, for example, "Veterans of Foreign Wars" and "Moose", helping former comrades in arms and organizing support charity events in their support. Although clubs do not have such a variety of equipment for various types of recreation, decent bars and banquet halls, as a rule, are still available.

Corporate clubs focused on organizing not leisure, how much profit. As a rule, they are owned by corporations. Individuals buy memberships, not properties. These clubs became popular during the real estate boom of the 1970s and 1980s when they managed to enter some housing projects. Residents paid a small entry fee and monthly membership fees ranging from $30 to $50, for which the whole family received the opportunity to enjoy the benefits of the club.

There are also recreational clubs whose main task is to contribute to the satisfaction of the needs of their members in the restoration of physical, psychological and intellectual strength, providing services for recreation and the opportunity to engage in physical education, sports, etc.

5. Club membership

The motives for which people join clubs can also be classified as recreational and social, however. They are even more difficult to classify than the clubs themselves.

This is due to the fact that each club has its own understanding of the goals and objectives, which makes them different from each other. Even if a club may define its main goals as social, the members of such a club may have other goals.

If a landscape club considers itself recreational, as evidenced by the presence of a golf course, then some of its members may not play golf at all. They may just like the idea of being members of such a respectable and elite society. Differences in the motivation for joining a club have an impact on the nature of membership.

Members of clubs may have different rights in the club, which is determined by the level of their membership. Club membership is divided into:

1. Collective membership bought by firms for their executives or executive directors and their families. The owner of the ticket, which gives the right to membership in the club, is the corporation represented by its leader. Companies buy these club memberships as a perk for their executives and to represent the firm in numerous social organizations.

2. Complete membership gives the right to its members and their families to use the services of the club indefinitely. In some clubs, the number of full members is limited, and granting a client full membership status requires the consent of the remaining members or an approval committee.

3. Membership, limited which- or permitted activities. Such membership is possible in some landscape clubs for those who do not want to participate in sports such as golf. Since maintaining the field is quite expensive, such members pay a lower entry and annual fee than full members. Such members are allowed to use any facilities of the pool, restaurant, etc., except for the golf course.

4. public membership usually provides fairly broad rights, including the right to use the services of a restaurant. This type of membership is used in those clubs that do not have other recreational opportunities, except for the golf course (pool, golf, etc.), as well as in clubs where there is a need for this kind of membership. The advantage here is that only the type of activity in which the club member is interested is paid.

Club owners

Clubs can be classified according to the nature of their ownership. Clubs that are created by people who want to unite on the basis of common interests, as a rule, belong to their founders and are called collective clubs.

When accepting new members, the new members acquire a part of the authorized capital and the right to participate in management. If members leave the club, they sell their share to the club at a price based on the popularity of the club.

Now the club business has acquired a commercial character.

Clubs that are created and managed by organizations in commercial purposes, are called private. Members of the club pay an entrance fee as well, but their participation in the management of the club is limited. They cannot sell or transfer their membership when leaving.

Clubs in the USA are managed by the CLUB CORPORATION OF AMERICA.

6.Organizational structure of clubs

Collective and private clubs are managed on the basis of the charter, as well as the rules that determine the procedure for its membership and the types of permitted forms of activity, as well as the nature of the behavior of members. The charter defines the name, purpose and structure of the club.

The supreme governing body of the club is the Board of Directors. The powers of the Council in different bodies are different. They depend on the nature of the ownership. The Board of Directors is entrusted with the responsibility of developing directions for the activities of the club as a whole.

The daily affairs of the clubs are managed by professional managers who report to the Board of Directors.

The organizational structure of the club is determined based on its functions. It is based on the principle of division of labor. This principle of structure is called functional distribution.

Landscape clubs have a traditional organizational structure.

Rice. 11 Landscape club structure

The club is headed by a director or Executive Director and deputies are heads of services whose duties include maintaining the grounds, the club house and other buildings in good condition.

The head of the sports grounds service is responsible for maintaining the sports grounds and territories adjacent to the club house in order.

The head of the group of coaches is responsible for conducting programs of sports games, competitions, for the operation of the sporting goods store, etc.

The director of the club house is responsible for the operation of the restaurant and functional services and living rooms, monitoring the work of the attendants and his deputies.

ClubsAndbusiness.

Despite the fact that the main purpose of the clubs is to provide a certain level of service, they are commercial enterprises. Private clubs are created for the purpose of generating income, but collective clubs must also exist within the budget, which is determined by the income and expenses of the club.

table 2

Income landscape and city clubs

Sources of income	Club income, %
Sources of income	Landscape	Urban
1. Membership fees
2. Food and drinks
3. Sports. Job
4. Accommodation

Membership fees and restaurant services are the main source of income for both landscape and urban areas. The level of these revenues varies depending on the category of clubs.

Most of the expenses for both landscape and city clubs are salaries and fees. For landscape clubs it is 46%, for city clubs - 50%.

Another significant consumer of club funds in landscape clubs is the maintenance of sports grounds (golf games, etc.).

In recent years, private clubs have greatly expanded their reach and influence.

There are currently approximately 11,000 national clubs with a staff of approximately 1.1 million and an annual salary fund of $4 billion.

The salaries of club managers and staff are very attractive and depend on the type of club and its geographical location.

The average salary of a director and CEO ranges from $40,000 to $80,000 per year, deputy directors - from $25,000 to $45,000 per year, depending on experience and level vocational training. At the same time, it should be noted that many clubs, especially landscape ones, are seasonal enterprises. Therefore, this level of salary with seasonal work is considered high.

Additional benefits received by club leaders include: preferential rental of premises, paid vacations, free meals in clubs, car maintenance, medical insurance, use of special privileges in the club, etc.

The club complex includes premises for;

Lecture and information work,

Works of circles, studios,

Communication

Examples of the functional premises of the club

test questions

1. Classification of clubs by location.

2. Classification of clubs in accordance with the direction of work.

3. Describe the composition of the premises of the clubs and their purpose.

4. Describe the organizational structure of the clubs.

5. How many club memberships do you know. List the characteristics of these species.

6. The purpose and essence of the activities of the clubs.

When organizing a disco, it is necessary to take into account

test questions

1. Define the concept of "mass views"

2. Name the forms of mass entertainment establishments.

3. What staff is needed to organize discos?

1. The concept of "club" and club activities.

2. The composition of the premises of the club and their purpose.

3. Life cycles of club activities

4. Classification of clubs.

5. Club membership.

6. Organizational structure of clubs.

1. The concept of "club" and club activities

Clubs are classified as enterprises in the hospitality industry and are considered as a direction of entrepreneurial activity from various points of view (motivating people, business and possible careers).

Club- an association of people with similar interests in a certain place.

The purpose of creating clubs is the development of social activity, education, creativity and leisure activities - recreation and entertainment.

The club is managed by creative specialists and administration.

Staff requirements:

Possess pedagogical knowledge;

It is necessary to know some kinds of art.

The club is managed by leaders and specialists. The staff has pedagogical knowledge, is oriented in various types of art. In the performance of their functions, the staff is guided by the theory and methodology of organizing leisure activities, using methods and techniques for organizing the interaction of people. Various means of transmitting emotional information are used (live speech, texts, visual aids, various types of art). Club activities are always multifunctional.

There are complex and specialized clubs.

Specialized clubs are focused on a contingent of visitors with a narrower variation of interests. These can be people of the same profession, social group, age, etc. When one of the functions of the activity is strengthened, clubs * are in the nature of cultural and educational, recreation, communication, youth, environmental, sports and recreation, technical creativity and other specialization. In some cases, club activities can be combined with the organization of consumer services for the population.

Today it is impossible to imagine the educational process without the inclusion of schoolchildren in club activities organized on a voluntary basis, taking into account the interests and needs of children. It creates conditions for the development of their creative abilities, for communication, self-expression and self-affirmation, provides them with opportunities for recreation and satisfaction of their hedonistic needs.

State standards of the second generation, the most important idea of which is the implementation of an activity approach in the pedagogical process, suggest such an organization that will allow each child to be put in an active position, to show him his subjectivity. Club activity is just aimed at this. It is she who, first of all, will help to solve the tasks set by the new standard in the organization of extracurricular work of students.

The most common in practice and, as experience shows, effective in educational terms are group forms of club work; it is in the process of activity of interest associations that favorable conditions are created for creating a team, it becomes possible to take into account the interests and capabilities of each of its members, to develop the individuality of the child.

Club associations at the school are diverse: the clubs themselves, circles, studios, sections, societies. Each of them has its own characteristics, but they are all voluntary associations of students of interest. However, each of the types of club associations has its own specific features, and these are reflected in their definitions.

Club at school- this is an association of students of interest on a voluntary basis, organizing a variety of creative activities for children, having a certain structure and self-government body.

Circle- this is an amateur association of students by interests, carrying out thematic activities, as a rule, of a cognitive or creative nature.

Studio- a definition most often applied to those club-type associations in which students are engaged in art (choreographic, choral, theatrical).

Section- this is a thematic part of some certain activities carried out under a special program. More often the term is used to refer to a structural unit, for example, a club.

Society- this is a voluntary, permanent association of schoolchildren or their groups (circles, sections) engaged in some kind of thematic activity (scientific society of schoolchildren, environmental society, etc.).

The most common types of club associations in schools are mugs And clubs. Formally, a circle differs from a club in that, as a rule, it is smaller in terms of quantitative composition; its activities are narrowly focused and often organized according to a specially proposed program; usually there are no structural subdivisions (sections, departments) in it, a self-government body is not elected.

Each club association is characterized common features , which together reflect their inner essence.

The first sign is voluntariness to join the association . It is this feature that primarily determines the goal, the content of its activities, the choice of forms and methods of work.

The second sign of club association - its general availability to any member of the school community . The general availability of classes for everyone determines the amateur nature of the organization of the club association and the democratic style of its life. It is impossible to restrict access to the club by poor academic performance, violations of discipline, competitive admission to the association. It is not fair to arrange exams and screenings for joining some clubs (circles). The activity of school club associations is amateur in nature, does not aim to achieve great results in some kind of subject activity, is aimed not so much at the result as at the process that brings satisfaction to its participants.

The third sign of club association - relative stability of its composition . In its absence, it is impossible to create a team. Long-term contacts of participants form relationships of mutual dependence and responsibility, lead to children's awareness of their belonging to the team, and the association of interests acquires its own "face" in the school. The stability of the composition contributes to the organizational design of the association: the definition of its structure, the establishment of internal and external relations, the distribution social roles participants, etc.

However, the stability of the composition of the club association is relative. With a pedagogically expediently organized activity, leaving it, moving to other associations should be considered as a normal phenomenon. Most often, this is due to the search by schoolchildren for the most favorable conditions for testing their strengths and capabilities, for acquiring new knowledge, for fulfilling the desire to find their calling or to realize already existing individual creative plans.

At the same time, as we have already noted, the creation of a team in a club (circle) is possible with some nominally constant composition of participants. Experience shows that it should be at least 75% of the total number of members of the association.

The fourth sign of club association - the unity of the personal significance of the goals of the work for its participants and the social orientation of their activities . Schoolchildren come to the club to meet their individual interests and needs, but to put into practice individual plans they can, participating in the implementation of a socially significant goal, carried out in collective activities. This is the specificity of the logic of the organization of the work of the club association, its difference from the logic of the cognitive process, in which the realization of the collective goal is provided by individual activity.

In connection with this feature of the club association, its members objectively give birth and develop the need for team building, which, of course, will contribute to its faster development. Indeed, the team in the club association develops faster (than, say, the team of the class) and less painful. This is also because the division of labor in the club is usually carried out by the children themselves on the basis of the voluntary choice of the area of work and partners in joint activities. In addition, schoolchildren often come to club associations not alone, but with their friends, a well-established contact group with the same interests, and they immediately determine their place in the complex and diverse activities of the team.

Making club activities socially useful is usually easy. To do this, you need to put it at the service of the school team. The most expedient and natural way for this is the inclusion of the club team in the system of activities of the schoolwide team, the formation of the association as an integral organic part of it.

The fifth sign of club association - organization of its activities as a collective , which, of course, does not mean that there cannot be individual activity in it. Moreover, its combination with the collective one increases the efficiency of the work of the association (the activities of a choreographic studio, a drama circle are impossible without the thorough work of each participant).

In club associations, schoolchildren participate in various types of collective activities, but an indispensable condition for its organization should be creative nature . Creativity is the norm for the development of children; according to L.S. Vygotsky, their natural need. She, of course, forms one of the most important and strong motives for schoolchildren to come to the club association.

Creativity is characterized by novelty, originality, originality of the activity itself and its products. Its level will be determined by the social significance of the results. Increasing the social role of club associations through the inclusion of their activities in the educational system of the school can become an important incentive for the development of creativity of members of the interest group; and the higher this level of involvement in the life of the school, the more opportunities arise for the development of the creative potential of the club team.

Creativity in the club is not so much an individual as a collective process. The organization of collective creative activity contributes to the formation of each member of the association active position. Then he becomes not a simple contemplator of what is happening, but its creator, while showing his individuality. In the process of such activity, each participant develops, including his creative activity.

It is easier to involve members of a club association in managing the life of their team than in primary teams of other types. This is due to the voluntary participation of schoolchildren in an association of interests and the fact that the achievement of individual goals in it is possible only if they are actively involved in the implementation of the collective goal.

Determining the features of associations of interest allows us to formulate them functions :

creating conditions for identifying, satisfying and developing the interests, abilities and inclinations of schoolchildren;
giving children the opportunity to satisfy their needs in creative activities;
organization of communication of students by interests;
providing them with a field of activity for self-expression, self-affirmation, self-education;
organization of recreation for children during extracurricular time;
realization of hedonistic needs of children;
systematization of extracurricular activities of the school team, giving it more emotional richness.

The specifics of the functions of the club association determines the peculiarity of the position of the student in it . It lies in the fact that the child does not have to put up with a situation that does not satisfy him (as is often the case in the classroom), because interest associations are organized on the basis of the voluntary entry of participants into them. In the club, it is easier for a schoolchild to find himself, to assert himself, in some respect to feel like the first among equals, which is necessary for every young person in the process of his development to overcome his own inferiority complex. In a club association, a student usually does not strive for the position of "prima"; he is satisfied with any role, if they are individual, special.

Club associations effectively implement their educational functions if they activity will become an organic element of the school . At the same time, interest associations can positively influence her life, contribute to the development of her educational system.

The process of becoming a club association as an organic component of an educational institution is taking place three stages :

the stage of formation of the system of its activity;
the stage of active interaction with the general school team;
the stage of active interaction with the extracurricular environment.

In the course of its development

The first stage - the stage of formation and organizational design of the club association - is the most complex and controversial. At this time, the content and forms of its activity are determined, self-assertion takes place in the team of each participant. The association basically works "for itself". At the same time, the future of the association, its place and significance in the school community depends on how its activities are organized at this stage.

The organizer of club work at school must remember that when determining a set of associations by interests should be based on the interests and needs of children . The idea of the need to create it should be born in the student team itself. . How to do it?

This can be facilitated by the organization of mass forms of club work with children, a story about similar associations of other schools, a meeting with their participants, etc. All this will help to interest children, to form in them a desire to communicate, the need to develop their creative abilities.

In one of the schools, club work was organized very poorly: about a dozen circles (mainly subject ones) worked irregularly, being, in fact, a continuation of the lessons, and, of course, could not effectively implement their functions. There was no real connection between them and the school staff. Most of the teachers did not have creative methods of managing associations of interest, and they did not have a serious desire to organize them. The environment surrounding the school could do little to help in this regard. The organization of children's leisure was mainly the business of the children themselves.

The educational situation at school and outside it led to the fact that the majority of students had poorly developed creative abilities, children had poor organizational skills and had little initiative.

The situation at the school began to change with the change of principal. His attempt to intensify the club activities of students was not successful, because the children showed neither desire nor initiative to participate in any associations.

The birth of the club of high school students was preceded by the activation of all extracurricular activities of the general school team. Children's associations of different ages were created, which took the initiative to carry out many school affairs. When organizing them, the method of collective creative activity was widely used, with which both teachers and schoolchildren met for the first time.

The overwhelming majority of children and many teachers joined the work with great interest. However, after some time it turned out that the strength of the teachers "drained", they lacked the knowledge and skills to guide the life of the student team at a new level, and the schoolchildren themselves, without adults, were not yet able to do anything to maintain this level. A problem arose: on the one hand, the children were “excited”, they received an impetus to develop their interests and creative abilities, and on the other hand, both schoolchildren and teachers were not ready for such work.

By this time, a situation had potentially arisen where it was possible to unite high school students into a club at school, because the idea of his birth became a need for many of them, and they themselves began to make suggestions to get together after school in order to come up with something, with someone interesting to meet, etc.

At one of the meetings with high school students, they were asked to create a club at school, in which they themselves could implement the proposals made. Subsequently, the club became a noticeable phenomenon in the life of the entire school, influencing the development of its educational system.

In the process of working with an association of interests, its leader must monitor the development of the interests and needs of children and in accordance with these changes to build the work of the club. This is especially important at the beginning of the association's activities.

To identify the interests, needs of club members, their motives for joining it, you can use a variety of methods : observation, conversation, questioning, creation of special situations, etc.

So, during the first meeting with the members of the association, you can offer them complete two sentences: "I think that in our club ..." and "I came to the club to ...". You can organize a group drawing up an invitation to the club. In the process of "brainstorming", the participants of the association compose a text, the content of which includes thoughts that reflect their desires and needs. Here is one of the options for such an announcement, compiled in a high school communication club: “Dear friend! If you like to read poetry, listen to music, dance, sing, fantasize, if you want to get into the theater, circus, disco, make new friends, make life around you more interesting, we are waiting for you in our club!

Another method for identifying the motives for the work of children in an association of interests can be survey on the topic "What attracts you to the club?".

Each participant receives a questionnaire containing a list of motives for working in the club. All motives are combined into 6 groups: collectivistic, cognitive, communication, self-education, self-affirmation, egoistic (a member of the club, of course, does not know about this). The respondent evaluates the significance of each motive for himself in points: 0 - not attractive at all; 1 - almost does not attract; 2 - attracts to a weak degree; 3 - attracts to an average degree; 4 - attracts to a strong extent; 5 - attracts to a very strong extent.

Such an assessment allows, when processing materials, to calculate the average indicators for each motive and for groups of motives. A repeated questioning of the same members of the association at the end of the academic year will show the dynamics of their motives for working in the club. It is expedient, in our opinion, to question all newly coming students to the association using this method.

According to our observations, it is better to conduct a survey anonymously, during which participants should not have the right to communicate with each other. In general, it is more expedient to make the survey conducted not by the head of the association, but by a person neutral in relation to him (say, one of the teachers of the school).

We offer one of the variants of the questionnaire compiled by us for the members of the club of high school students (the questionnaire was compiled on the basis of a methodology borrowed from V.G. Pryanikova). Note that the motives in the questionnaire are divided into groups: 1 - collectivist; 2 - cognitive character; 3 - communication; 4 - self-education; 5 - self-assertion; 6 - selfish. When preparing the text of the questionnaire for children, it is advisable to “mix” them.

What attracts you to the club?

Points

1.1. Opportunity to help the club, school, others 1.2. Opportunity to make school life more interesting 1.3. An opportunity to help your class make life more interesting in it 1.4. Opportunity to share your knowledge and skills with others 2.1. Opportunity to spend your free time 2.2. Opportunity to learn something new and interesting 2.3. Opportunity to learn something that will help you learn better 2.4. The desire to expand the general cultural horizons 2.5. Possibility of getting assistance in choosing future profession 3.1. Ability to communicate with friends 3.2 Opportunity to find new friends 3.3. I go to the club because my friend is there 3.4. Opportunity to communicate with an interesting leader 4.1. Favorable conditions for overcoming your shortcomings 4.2. Favorable conditions for development at home positive qualities(ability to speak, communicate, get in touch) 5.1. Ability to express yourself (find an activity where you can succeed) 5.2. Ability to earn peer approval and recognition 5.3 Opportunity to use work in the club to increase your prestige among comrades 6.1. Ability to get parental approval 6.2. Ability to please teachers

At the beginning of the work of the association, it is important to create such conditions, to organize the activities of children in such a way as to satisfy their needs for coming to the club, to a certain extent, "go along with them." These should be bright cases, emotional in nature, perhaps not directly related to the profile of the association (an evening of acquaintance, meeting with an interesting person, a trip to the forest, etc.). At the same time, each participant must find their place in them, satisfy their hedonistic needs. Children should want to come to the club again.

Already at the stage of formation of the system of work of the association, it is advisable for its participants to act as the organizer of some kind of school-wide business (review, competition, exhibition, evening, etc.). This will allow, firstly, everyone to express themselves in the non-club environment; secondly, to declare the club at the school, to determine its status in it.

All this creates the prerequisites for start doing something big, meaningful for yourself and others . Now it is necessary for the participants to think seriously about what their association should be like, what to do. It's time to determine the short, medium and long-term prospects for the life of the club.

Solving the goal problem- the first link in the creation of the club's work system. The problem of goal-setting in it is realized in a peculiar way. Usually, the participants in the association themselves show great interest in defining the tasks, content, and forms of future activities; initiative in drawing up a program of action; they are jealous of all kinds of programs "from above". This, on the one hand, complicates, and on the other hand, facilitates the role of the leader of the association.

In the process of goal-setting, it is unacceptable when the promotion of a single goal can lead to standardization of the activities of each member of the association; creating a situation where everyone is beginning to be “cut with the same brush”. “Uniform purpose” does not mean “uniform purpose”. It involves the unification of the actions of everyone in a common cause; however, everyone must find in it your place to come to a collective solution of the problems put forward own funds, based their interests and needs. Setting a goal, on the one hand, should contain the idea of team building, and on the other hand, the idea of the creative growth of each participant.

At the beginning of the activity of the association, it is especially pronounced the contradiction between the great personal significance of the work of the club for schoolchildren and its socially useful character. Children are often focused only on satisfaction. own desires. In this case, the teacher needs to instrument the proposals of the club members so that their ideas, on the one hand, remain personally significant for them, and on the other hand, are focused on people (to learn something on their own, so that later they can teach younger comrades; organize a literary evening in school where everyone can show their talents, etc.).

Next step - determination of the content of the activities of the association and its pedagogically expedient organization . The work of the club should organically combine socially and personally significant matters, educational and entertaining.

In the system of the club, there are several activities in terms of its importance to the union. The first kind - basic; he is given most of the time of the club, its content determines the profile of the association (preparation of a performance in the school theater, training in the sports section, making a ship model in a ship modeling circle, etc.). The second activity is related to preparation for participation in the main work of the association(speech exercises in the process of setting up a voice in a theater studio, studying the theory of ship modeling in a ship modeling circle, creative study in a journalists' club, etc.). The third type of activity in the association is, as it were, optional and not always associated with the main view: in one case, it can implement cognitive functions (meeting interesting people, an excursion to a museum, etc.), in the other, it can simply serve as a rest for club members (evening, hiking, "skit", etc.).

The wider the field of activity of the club, the more diverse will be the forms of its work.. Among the many activities of the association, it is necessary to single out those that reflect the main direction of its activity. Essentially, this pivotal (key) cases , constituting the skeleton, the basis of the club's work system. The effectiveness of the base case will be higher if

In its significance, the case goes beyond the framework of the club association, it focuses on the environment;

In the process of preparing and conducting the case, the activity is organized as a collective one, and all members of the club, including adults, participate in it;

The case is characterized by high emotional richness;

In planning and preparing the case, the traditions of the association and the school are taken into account;

Cases are optimally distributed in time.

The number of key cases during the year depends on the profile of the team, its experience, and established traditions. Usually their number is 2 - 4, but there may be one pivotal case (final exhibition, reporting concert, organization of a school tourist rally), considered in this case as a creative report of the association in front of the school, and all the work of the club during the year is aimed at preparing this case .

In its work, it is advisable for the club to have main theme . It can become a core that unites the participants around itself. The main theme determines the "face" of the team. Its educational opportunities will be higher if, firstly, it reflects a socially significant idea, and, secondly, all members of the team take part in its promotion and formulation. In the literary and musical club, where schoolchildren themselves write scripts and prepare literary and musical compositions, main theme may become the theme of Memory; in the theater studio - the theme of Humanism; in the photo circle - the theme of Nature, etc.

The work of the club association will be more efficient and its educational opportunities higher if the activities of the participants are organized as a collective. Let's show this by the example of working on a program in a literary and musical club of one of the schools in the Yaroslavl region, which we led for several years.

Work on a composition always begins with the presentation of its idea, which is expressed by individual participants or a group of high school students at a meeting in a club or simply in communication with the leader and with each other. Ideas can be “endured” for a long time and sufficiently argued, or born “the other day” after something seen, heard, read. There may be ideas - orders from the school's self-government bodies. Any ideas are welcome, but those related to the main theme of the club - the theme of Memory - are especially appreciated. They are expressed less frequently, but more weighty in their significance and richer in proposals for their implementation.

By the beginning of the school year, by the time of the collective planning of the club, there are usually already quite a lot of proposals. The task in this case is to reasonably select 3-4 of them. At the same time, first of all, it is taken into account that the idea is interesting and useful not only for the participants of the association, but also for the people around them. In the event that an idea born during the school year captures everyone, a decision is made to immediately implement it; then adjustments are made to the plan, and the name of the new composition appears on the club poster.

Each idea adopted at the general meeting of the collective is “nurtured” by the members of the association for a certain time. The club repeatedly returns to the conversation about it even before the start of the main work on the program. The process of “nurturing” an idea often takes a very long time. Thus, the idea of the program “Silence on Mamaev Kurgan…” was born during a trip of a group of school students to Volgograd during the summer holidays, and was realized only a year later. This stage of work on the program is one of the most responsible, and its success will depend on how the members of the association will be able to constantly keep the idea “in shape” so that it becomes their own for the whole team and personally significant for each of its members.

Then comes the direct work on the preparation of the program. It begins with a "brainstorming", as a result of which a project for a future composition appears. In the process of "brainstorming", students work in groups, and it is natural that in each of them there are schoolchildren of different abilities, and not everyone can act as a "think tank". However, even if 1-2 high school students become generators of ideas, the rest of the club members do not remain indifferent: they accept or reject ideas, inspire the “thinker” and thus participate in creating the layout of the future composition. During the discussion, the leader unobtrusively expresses his opinion. In such an environment of collective creativity, the relationship of cooperation between the members of the club association and the teacher develops and strengthens.

After that, a case council is elected, which considers all the proposals made, draws up a scenario future program and organizes its preparation. The council usually includes the most creative participants and skillful organizers. The Council of Affairs should be the coordinator of the work on the program, its collective leader.

Roles are distributed in the council: positions of a screenwriter, director, graphic designer, sound engineer, etc. appear. Each of the members of the council becomes the leader of the corresponding group of participants, whose activities are organized as a collective.

In the course of working on the program, club members look for the necessary literary and musical material, compose a script, discuss it in a team, prepare a soundtrack, artistic and technical design, etc. At the same time, close interaction is established between the participants, their intensive communication and mutual assistance are organized, which, of course, unites the team of the club. The teacher directs the work, manages the interaction of schoolchildren, corrects their activities, and actively participates in the preparation of the program. During this period of the work of the association, it is mainly responsible for the direct supervision of both the collective and individual activities of schoolchildren.

Rehearsals are organized in separate blocks of the program and, in fact, are a collective creative process of finalizing the script, searching for the most successful stage implementation of an idea, its artistic expression.

After the premiere, a collective analysis of the further improvement of the composition made with the setting of tasks is necessarily carried out. At first, the analysis usually goes on the level of “liked it - didn’t like it”, “it worked out - it didn’t work out”. Students should be taught the methodology of analysis, the level of which increases with the acquisition of team experience and becomes the norm for club life.

In addition to the main activity that determines the profile of the association, it also organizes others that help prepare schoolchildren for participation in profile view activities or serving as time for relaxation, communication, entertainment. One of these activities can be creative study organized in different ways in the work of associations of different directions.

In the literary and musical club, creative study has become an integral part of the "skit" - evenings of relaxation and communication with comrades. Usually friends from other schools were invited to such meetings. The structure of the “skits” changed every time, but, as a rule, it included a conversation “on the circle” about the pressing problems of the life of their team, creative study, songs in the “eagle circle”, games, memories of “the past” over a cup of tea, dance program. At the end of the academic year, in a solemn atmosphere, graduates were “converted” to “old people” and new participants were initiated into members of the club in a solemn atmosphere.

The basis of creative study was the use of methods for organizing collective creative activity. The students composed poems, wrote parodies, depicted scenes, and came up with original tasks themselves. At first, the study program was developed by the head of the association, and as the team accumulated work experience, a specially created group of its members was engaged in this. Creative learning provides teachers with favorable opportunities for studying students, identifying the role of the club in their lives, the nature of the relationship between schoolchildren, their positions in relation to teachers and friends of the club. During the creative study, the club members were offered the task “Add lines”: “I have been going to the club for two years and I find it for myself ...”, “The teacher says to me: “Is the club open for you?”, “In the family circle, when we sit, we talk about the club with my mother ... ”During the game in burim, poems were composed according to rhymes: friends - their own; school - cheerful: forward - leads; we take - we give.

Analyzing the collective "products of creativity" of schoolchildren, the organizers came to the conclusion that the club is considered by its members to be a native team. In their poems they wrote: “He became our school, this club is cheerful; we bring knowledge from it and give it to our friends.” In an appeal to newcomers, schoolchildren reminded that the main law for them is the law of friendship: “And remember: in difficult times, any of your friends are always with you!”

Creative study was included in the system of activities of the literary and musical club as an integral and important part of it. The skills and abilities of collective creative work, acquired by schoolchildren in its process, were used by them in the preparation of new literary and musical compositions in the club, in the organization of classroom and school-wide affairs. For the head of the team, creative study became an indispensable means of adjusting the relations between the members of the association: in an atmosphere of recreation and entertainment, it was easier to create pedagogical situations that introduce schoolchildren into team work.

In the process of establishing the system of work of associations of interest, several important problems of organizing its activities . The first one is the ratio of collective and individual forms of activity of schoolchildren in the club, since children come to it, first of all, to satisfy their personal needs and are almost immediately ready to start individual activities. However, they find themselves in a situation where they can satisfy their needs only when they become participants in collective activities. So they objectively have a need to enter into contacts with teammates. In associations of interest, this is facilitated by the fact that one of the reasons schoolchildren come there is almost always their desire to communicate with peers and make new friends.

Individual activity is associated with the acquisition of new knowledge, skills and abilities by schoolchildren. It will become more effective if it is organically included in the process of collective work, if the members of the association themselves are involved in its organization (mutual training, mutual assistance, etc.).

The second problem in the organization of collective activity is division of labor among its participants. It is resolved positively when members of the club come to their “specialization” voluntarily, choose their “profession”, based primarily on their own interests.

In the initial period of the work of the association, schoolchildren usually go deep into their role; it satisfies their needs in a certain type of activity, improves their knowledge, skills and abilities. Unlike academic work, in which everyone is obliged to participate in all its forms, club activities create favorable conditions for choice. However, it is important that the student also be able to try himself in different types work, so it is advisable to change the composition of specialized groups of different profiles. It is necessary that not only the spheres of activity change, but also the role positions of its participants: from an ordinary performer to an organizer of affairs.

The third problem is the problem of pedagogical leadership. At this stage, it should be ubiquitous and multifaceted. The leader is the organizer of the activity, its inspirer, consultant-adviser, ordinary performer, and his main task is to manage the relations of the association members. The stage of the formation of the club is associated with solving the problems of self-affirmation of schoolchildren in it, and the teacher needs to be helped in time to determine the role and place of each, to make sure that they meet the needs of the children.

The fourth problem in the work of the club in the process of its formation is organization of self-government . Due to the specifics of the association, it is easier to involve its members in managing their lives than in other types of collectives.

Often the organization of self-government comes down to the work of elected bodies or to the distribution of public assignments. The task is to include everyone in an active, interested activity in organizing the life of the association; and to the greatest extent the solution of this problem is facilitated by the organization of its work as a collective one. It is impossible to first create a body, and then come up with a job for it, because it is the presence of work that creates the need to create a new body or choose a responsible position.

Obviously, in any case, the supreme body of self-government should be general meeting its members, but in the organization of the activities of elected bodies or responsible persons in the team there may be options.

1. If the club association is numerous, and its activities are diverse, then it is advisable to choose advice. At the same time, it should be taken into account that it will be effective only when its functions are clearly distributed and responsibilities are correctly distributed among its members. The Council should be given the right not only to organize the activities of the association, but also to determine its content. In this case, the council will become the subject of the formation of public opinion of the entire team. The council should be sufficiently flexible, mobile, and frequently updated. He and his manager should regularly report to the team, receive from him an objective assessment of his activities and take it into account in his work.

2. A permanent or sufficiently long-term self-government body of a club association is not created, but formed provisional bodies (case councils) whenever the need arises; at the end of their activity, they disintegrate. This allows you to include more children in the work as organizers, managers of the life of your team.

3. Under the conditions of a permanent self-government body, business advice, each time changing in composition. In this case, their activities are supervised not only by the childish head of the club, but also by his council.

It is known that in the life of a club association as an association of a special kind, it is of great importance to include in its activities rituals, symbols and paraphernalia . The first stage plays the most important role here.

The name, motto, emblem, laws, charter should be included in the life of the club gradually, as its members accumulate experience in collective activities. The students themselves must take part in this. Rituals, symbols and paraphernalia will play their role when there is a need in the team not only to have them, but also to use them to improve their lives.

Often the work of a club association is regulated by legal documents (charter, laws, membership card, etc.). There should be no more than one or two of them in the club (the life of an association of interests does not tolerate excessive regulation); they will be effective if they are born by the collective itself and, if necessary, are corrected by it. The association may not have such documents at all.

Laws in the life of the club are also introduced gradually. Each of them is necessarily discussed in the team, where, thanks to this, an environment is created that provides an opportunity for their implementation. In the course of the work of the association, laws may change.

In the literary and musical club already familiar to us, the name was born a month after the start of its work and came from children. The club was unanimously named "Helios", at the same time they chose the motto of the team's life. They were the words of V. Mayakovsky: “Shine always, shine everywhere, until the last days of the bottom, shine - and no nails! Here is my slogan and the sun!” In the competition for the emblem, the simplest and most understandable to everyone was recognized as the best: the sun with numerous rays and the name of the club and school in the center.

The first law of the club was the law "Got out - go away!" It is interesting to note that a year later it was changed and read: “Got out - light up!” The creative atmosphere in the association was helped to create and maintain the laws of communism: “Every business is creative - otherwise why?”, “Better difficult than tedious!”, “Live for the smile of a comrade!” and others. Half a year later, a hymn was born in the club (to the motive of the song "Globe"), in which there were such words:

"Helios" means "sun"

So people shine

Without a trace, to the bottom

Happiness, joy to give.

Let people come to our school

We will always work for them

To love their homeland,

Just to make people better.

The introduced symbols and attributes, on the one hand, reflected the current life of the club, on the other hand, aimed at improving the activities of the team.

In the process of the formation of the team, there appear in it traditions . In the conditions of the club, they, as a rule, quickly become stronger, which, of course, contributes to team building. However, club members often associate traditions only with satisfying their need for recreation, with participation in entertainment activities, which strengthens ties between children, but does not raise the club's authority in the school. It is important that to the “internal” traditions are added those that are aimed at benefiting the people around (assisting in the preparation New Year's Eve at school, participation in the celebration of Victory Day in the countryside, leadership of circles of younger schoolchildren, etc.).

So, the first stage of the work of the association of interests is the most complex and controversial. It is associated, first of all, with the organization of the "internal" life of the club, the formation of the system of its life.

The connections of the association of interests with the general school team and the extracurricular environment are still weak (at the level of presenting their products to the environment). The association is an autonomous link in the educational system of the school. The level of her involvement in it is low. In fact, the first stage is the process of preparing the club team to enter the extracurricular environment (primarily, the school environment). It is dangerous if the prerequisites for this have not yet been created and the team has not tested its strength on the environment. This can cause the team to remain at the level of a formal presence in the educational system of the school, which, of course, reduces its educational opportunities, having become isolated in the sphere of its own interests.

The most common form of leisure activities is club activities. It is actively used by social educators for the purpose of

prevention of deviant behavior of students, and for the purpose of their social rehabilitation and correction personal qualities.

Club work is one of the types of social and pedagogical activities, the sphere of realization of interests and individual creative activity of the individual . Recall that recreational activities are predominantly restorative, while leisure activities are restorative and creative; club activity, being creative, has a constructive orientation.

Club activities are organized on the principles of voluntary association of people with common interests, as well as amateur performance and self-government, taking into account the age and sociocultural characteristics of club members.

The first organizer of club activities in Russian pedagogy is S.T. Shatsky, who created in the early twentieth century. in Moscow, a club for children of the working poor "Settlement". In his opinion, in order to compete with the street, the club had to create an environment in which children would be interested; club employees must have imagination, be able to diversify the forms of work.

The purpose of modern club work is as follows:

inclusion of the child in a variety of socially valuable and personally significant activities;

formation of experience social behavior required for successful login public relations;

· identification and development of intellectual, communicative, expressive, instrumental abilities.

The main characteristics of club work:

The use of a game form of assimilation by children of future social roles;

implementation of various activities that allow solving the problem of professional self-determination, self-knowledge;

Satisfying the need for communication (in contrast to the meaningless pastime on the street, the guys communicate in the club on the basis of common useful deeds, hobbies, interests);

developed self-government, relative autonomy from adults;

building humanistically oriented interpersonal relationships with peers and adults.

- "Fatherland" - a patriotic program;

- "Family" - joint activities and recreation of children and parents;

- "Health" - valeological program;

- "You and drugs" - a preventive and socio-pedagogical program;

- "Yards of our childhood" - a program of object-spatial rehabilitation living space children and teenagers;

– “Hope” – work with disabled children, curative pedagogy;

- "Origins" - search and local history program;

- "Teenager and the Law" - crime prevention.

Currently, the process of restoring club work at the place of residence is underway. Some clubs exist as institutions additional education children. Work in them is carried out through circle and studio forms.

Circle - an association of lovers of a particular activity, headed by a professional teacher or a specialist in the profile of the circle. Unlike a club, a circle always represents structural subdivision any institution (educational, additional education institution, leisure center, etc.).

Studio - an association for gifted youth. The studio provides the basics of special training for professional activities.

Other clubs operate as purely leisure institutions or as public organizations.

The goals of organizing club educational activities with children and adolescents in the microdistrict, depending on the conditions (availability of material base,

networks educational institutions etc.) can be:

- socio-pedagogical protection of adolescents (prevention of interpersonal conflicts; protection of the rights of the child; formation and development of personal qualities of a teenager necessary for a positive life);

- increasing the degree of independence of children and adolescents, developing their ability to control their lives and more effectively resolve emerging problems;

- creating conditions in which children and adolescents can maximize their potential creative abilities;

- adaptation or readaptation of children and adolescents in society;

- compensation for the lack of communication at school, in the family, among peers;

- additional education received in accordance with the life plans and interests of pupils.

Teaching practice recent years allows us to determine priority areas of club activities at the place of residence:

– assistance to the family in solving problems related to education, upbringing, childcare;

- assistance to a teenager in eliminating the causes that negatively affect his behavior, academic performance and attendance at a general education institution;

- involvement of children and parents in the organization and conduct of social and pedagogical events and actions at the place of residence;

- study, diagnosis, resolution of conflicts, problems, difficult life situations affecting the interests of the child, in order to prevent serious consequences;

- individual and group counseling of children, parents of teachers on the resolution of problem situations, conflicts, stress relief, etc.;

– promotion and clarification of the rights of children, families;

- identifying the needs and needs of children, developing their abilities and interests in various types of activities through circle (workshops, sections, etc.) and studio (creative teams, amateur associations, etc.) forms of work;

– Creation of rehabilitation camps for maladjusted children;

- conducting summer profile shifts (labor, sports, leisure, creative, etc.) at the place of residence of children and adolescents on the basis of clubs, schools and other institutions of additional education.

The basic institutions of the education system for organizing club work at the place of residence are traditionally

are schools and institutions of additional education for children, including teenage clubs at the place of residence; centers, houses and palaces of children's and youth creativity; centers and stations for young tourists, technicians; children's and youth sports schools.

The conditions for the effectiveness of club activities include:

organizational and pedagogical conditions

Studying and identifying opportunities for organizing club activities in an institution or microenvironment;

the presence of adults who can organize certain types of club activities;

· the presence or creation in the institution of the material base necessary for the organization of club activities in accordance with the chosen direction;

purposeful work of teachers to form a club team of students, to ensure its sufficiently long and stable functioning;

· creation of a system of interrelations of club associations with other teams and the social environment;

psychological and pedagogical conditions

study and identification of the interests of pupils in the field of leisure, their needs, abilities and skills that can be formed, implemented and developed in certain types of club activities;

creation of opportunities for the creative development of pupils in the process of realizing their needs, abilities, interests and skills in club activities;

· taking into account the gender and age characteristics and personal resources of pupils when choosing directions and types of club activities, when determining the ratio of reproductive, productive and creative components of its content;

Ensuring the personal significance of the content of club activities;

stimulation of activity and formation of the subjective position of pupils;

· implementation by teachers and pupils of their personal resources in the process of life of the club team;

pedagogical conditions

· the adequacy of the content of club activities to the interests of pupils, social conditions and the possibilities of its organization;

the complex nature of the activities of the pupils of the club team, corresponding to its educational functions and profile;

a combination of individual, group and collective forms in the process of organizing the life of the club team;

· the optimal ratio of pedagogical guidance and self-government by participants in club activities;

Stimulation of amateur activities of pupils, aimed at their self-organization and self-development;

creation of subject-subject relations in the club team, both between pupils and between pupils and teachers;

· Creation, preservation and updating of traditions of activity and relations in the club team.

At present, a system of social services for children, adolescents and students in the form of social and pedagogical centers operates in the republic.

(SPC). The purpose of these centers is to promote the adaptation of children and young people in society, the organization of their meaningful extracurricular time and the provision of socio-pedagogical and psychological help.

Leisure activities for children and young people in the SPC are organized through forms of club work. We reviewed below structure of the leisure organization service in the SPC The Zavodskoy district of Minsk includes various club associations and can serve as an exemplary model for creating a social service of this kind, taking into account local opportunities and needs.

Labor exchange . Goals club: organization of temporary employment of youth and its real labor adaptation.

Areas of work:

– organization of employment of adolescents and youth;

– formation of professional knowledge and experience among young people to increase competitiveness in the labor market;

- providing the opportunity for those in need to get a temporary or permanent job;

– interaction between employment centers and the labor exchange;

Young businessman's club . Goals club: the formation of the economic culture of young people, the qualities of a business person; assistance in conscious choice of profession and professional development. Forms work: lectures, seminars, project development. The source of funding is the funds of the participants themselves, income from commercial activities, contributions from enterprises, assistance from youth organizations, educational authorities.

Hobby Center . Goals club: development of creative abilities of participants, satisfaction of their diverse interests and requests in the field of free time, compensation for negative and insufficient impact external environment on children through the development of a positive interest in creating their own social significance.

Areas of work:

– technical (aircraft modeling club, computer club, etc.);

- natural science (club of gardeners, club of cynologists, etc.);

- art (music club, photo club, poetry club, etc.);

- sports and recreation (hardening club, athletics club, football team fans club, tourist club, etc.);

- Collective-collecting (club of philatelists, etc.);

– leisure (disco club) [ 1, p. eighteen ].

Hobby Center clubs conduct training sessions, workouts, hikes, prepare and hold exhibitions of the work of their members, visit exhibition halls, help in creating museum expositions, etc. - thus used various forms cultural activities.

Family Leisure Club . Goals club: providing cultural and educational services to children under 18 and their parents; creating an environment of family well-being, mutual understanding between parents and children; organization of meaningful family leisure.

Areas of work:

- familiarizing the family with socio-cultural and educational values;

– psychological and pedagogical education of parents;

- inclusion of children and their parents in the system of social ties;

- creation of conditions for the implementation of personal creative plans, satisfaction of interests in their chosen areas of activity;

- providing an opportunity to choose amateur activities for children and their parents in the field of free time;

- provision of competent psychological assistance in defusing the tension of family relations.

Family leisure clubs can also be formed in the structure of existing cultural and educational institutions. A wide variety of gaming, training, and entertainment grounds can operate here; psychological and pedagogical consultation; hotlines; group of social educators.

Communication club. Goals club: creating an environment for communication of interests for young people, conditions for creative development in the field of leisure.

Directions and forms of work:

- socio-ideological (message during scheduled meetings about the most important events in the life of the world, country, city, etc.);

- socio-psychological (discussion of a pre-planned topical problem in the form of a dispute or discussion);

- cultural and creative (joint visits to exhibitions, performances, museums, competitions, etc., followed by a discussion of what they saw);

The frequency of such meetings is determined by the club members themselves. At the first meeting, they jointly draw up a plan of club work for the year, develop rules for communication and discussions.

Club "Ecologist"». Goals club: communication to students of the system of environmental knowledge, familiarizing the younger generation with activities for the study and protection of the environment.

Directions and forms of work:

- development of students' creative abilities, the formation of the ability to see and appreciate the beauty of nature (competition "Monuments native nature» - take a picture of a river, meadow, flowers, etc. and write a story about them; competition "Silent guards" - to develop a sketch of an environmental sign; competition "Our little brothers" - a description of an interesting incident that happened to a pet, the organization of an exhibition of pets; photo contest "Window to Nature" - photographing natural objects during a hike with the subsequent organization of a photo exhibition);

- implementation of environmental protection activities (action "Red Notebook" - a description of rare plants and animals in their area, cooperation with the local environmental center; operation "All-Seeing Eye" - participants acting as journalists write notes to the newspaper about the environmental problems of their own city or district, based on verified facts, etc.).

Club "DOM". DOM - Children's Order of Mercy. Unites in its ranks children with disabilities, children from dysfunctional families, their friends and peers from wealthy families. Children can come to the "HOUSE" with their sisters and brothers, classmates, parents, friends.

Goals club: creation of a stable social environment, adaptation of children with physical and social anomalies among peers and through them in society; revival of the best traditions of charity, education in children of kindness, sensitivity, compassion.

Areas of work:

– assistance to disadvantaged children in solving social, moral, psychological, human rights, legal and educational problems;

- manifestation special attention to disabled children studying at home and in special boarding schools, as well as to children with a degree of disability that gives them the opportunity to study at school.

Literature

1. Zhurlova, I.V. Club activity is a form of organization of youth leisure / I.V. Zhurlova // Pazashkolnae vykhavanne. –2000. – No. 5. – P.17 – 19.

2. Shakurova M.V. Methodology and technology of work social educator/ M.V. Shakurova. – M.: Ed. center "Academy", 2002. - 272 p.

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