Unusual professions with strange names. Disappearing professions: titles Name of each profession left

Pre-profile preparation lesson summary

Classifications of professions. Signs of the profession.

Smirnova Elena Mikhailovna, Deputy Director for Internal Affairs,

pre-profile teacher, primary school teacher

You've probably noticed how quickly and accurately the librarian finds the book the reader needs. The easiest way to find it is if you know the author and the name - the alphabetical catalog will help with this. But it so happens that the reader is looking for literature on a topic of interest, without knowing either the author or the title. Then the librarian comes to the aid of a thematic catalog, where you can find the books you need. Finding a book helps classification - the rules for placing books on the shelves. In biology lessons, you study the classification of the natural world, in chemistry lessons, the classification of chemical elements. IN broad sense of this word, classification is a meaningful order of things.

The classification of professions is based on its own laws. There are about forty thousand professions in the world, and every year dozens of old ones disappear and hundreds of new ones appear. Some professions flirtatiously change their names, pretending to be modern. You will not immediately understand that the bartender is the bartender, and the manager is the manager. The alphabetical classification of professions will help you navigate them if you know the names of all forty thousand professions. How many professions do you know?

All students take turns calling the profession. Whoever was unable to remember the profession within three seconds or repeated the one already named is eliminated from the game. If the guys name not a profession, but a position (boss, director, president), such answers are not accepted, as are the words "oligarch", "authority", etc. The game goes on until there is only one winner.

IN different countries there are classifications that unite professions on various grounds: place of work, degree of independence, speed of promotion, etc. You can distribute professions by industry. For example, the garment industry. There are so many professions there - both fashion designers, and equipment adjusters, and locksmiths, and artists, and seamstresses-minders of various specialties, and economists, and accountants. But how can an industry be matched to your interests and inclinations? You can only try on a profession. That is why it is important to know the classification of professions, built on the basis of essential features (EA Klimov. How to choose a profession).

It is interesting that even in the 18th century, the famous historian and statesman V.N. Tatishchev proposed his own classification of species professional activity:

Useful sciences ( agriculture, physics, biology, mathematics);

· Dandy or amusement sciences (literature and art);

Vain sciences (alchemy, astrology);

· The necessary sciences (education, health care, economics, law);

· Harmful sciences (witchcraft).

In our country, the four-level classification of professions by E.A. Klimov, according to which all professions can be divided into five subjects, three goals, four means and four working conditions.

According to Klimov, five large groups of professions can be distinguished depending on the subject of labor - "technology", "man", "nature", "sign", " artistic image". This is the first level of classification.

1. TECHNOLOGY (T).This group includes professions associated with the production, maintenance and design of any technique, from space rockets and computers to the anvil and hammer of a blacksmith. Engineer, constructor, pilot, machinist, driver, electrician, builder, car mechanic, plumber, miner, engine tester are just a few of them. The peculiarity of technical objects is that they can be accurately measured and calculated, therefore, the professions of this group require a person to combine a practical mindset and creativity, accuracy, and good health.

· What type of thinking is typical for technology professionals?

2. PERSON (H).Doctor, nurse, teacher, educator, waiter, lawyer, salesman, hairdresser, tour guide - all these professions belong to the same group, because they have one subject of labor - a person. These professions are of particular social importance. They require patience and exactingness from a person, the ability to take responsibility for himself, to control his emotions. The main content of work in these professions is effective interaction between people. Some qualities contribute to successful workwhile others complicate it. If you have an increased need for communication, contacts with people will delight you, if you have a reduced need, they will tire you. An increased level of aggression is unacceptable for specialists in this field. By the way, the ability to communicate effectively is necessary for each of us.

· What is the temperament for communicating with other people?

3. NATURE (P).This group includes all professions related to living and inanimate nature. Research, study and use of natural resources, caring for animals and plants, their treatment - these are the possible activities. The professions of this group are: agronomist, breeder, livestock technician, veterinarian, dog handler, plant breeder, geologist, game manager, ecologist, land reclamator. The people of these professions are united by a love of nature. But this love is active, not contemplative. It's one thing to play with pets and admire flowers. And it is quite another thing to regularly, day after day, take care of them, observe, treat, walk, regardless of personal time and plans. To be successful in this activity, you need to be strong and resilient, caring and patient, not afraid of difficulties and not expecting quick results.

· What type of thinking is typical for successful specialists in this field?

4. SIGN (H).This group includes all professions related to the use of oral and written speech, work with documents and numbers. These are the professions of economist, accountant, linguist, mathematician, programmer, notary. The subject of labor for these professions is the "sign system", that is, all information that can be presented in the form of texts, formulas, signs, codes, graphs, diagrams and drawings. Much, if not all, depends on the reliability and timeliness of information in our life. Therefore, it is important for a specialist who works with signs to be able, on the one hand, to abstract from real physical, chemical, mechanical properties objects, and on the other - to represent and understand the characteristics of real phenomena and objects behind the signs. The professions of this group have special requirements for thinking, memory and attention of a person.

· What type of thinking is typical for a specialist in the field of sign information?

5. ARTISTIC IMAGE (X).This group includes professions related to visual, musical, literary and artistic, acting and stage activities. The creation of works of art is a special process. Contemporaries are not always able to appreciate the genius artist, poet or composer living nearby, because talent tends to overtake its time. Therefore, fame and recognition often come to creators only after death. But on the other hand, a person engaged in creativity experiences an incomparable joy. To master creative professions one desire is not enough - creativity, talent, hard work are needed.

· What type of temperament is most common in people of art?

Many professions are difficult to attribute to one subject of labor. For example, a good secretary should not only be a specialist in the field of symbolic information (work with documents), but also be able to use a computer and office equipment, communicate effectively with people. A good teacher, in addition to professional knowledge and the ability to communicate, must have artistry.

In the course of the teacher's explanation, the guys, independently or at the blackboard, fill all four floors of the pyramid, writing down the abbreviated names of the objects of labor at the first level, the goals of labor at the second level, the means of labor at the third level, and working conditions at the fourth level, emphasizing the preferred ones for each objects, goals, means and working conditions.

When choosing a profession, first of all, they mean the subject of labor. Thus, the concept "subject of labor" is the basis for further classification, the foundation of the pyramid, invented by Professor E.A. Klimov.

SUBJECT OF LABOR (TCHPZH)

Regardless of the subject of labor, all professions are classified according to three goals of labor: gnostic, transformative, exploratory. This is the second level.

1. Gnostic professions (D)

The gnostic, or cognitive, goals of labor can be varied: sort, compare, test, evaluate. Gnostic professions can be found among any of the five types of professions: "Nature" - laboratory biologist, exterior specialist; "Technics" - radio equipment controller, tester; "Man" - forensic medical expert, sociologist; Znak - proofreader, auditor; "Artistic Image" - art critic, theater critic. These professions impose certain requirements on the employee: cognitive activity, observation, stability of attention, memory, thinking, responsibility are necessary.

2. Transforming professions (P)

Man's transformative activity can be directed towards objects, energy, information, processes. In some cases, the results can be seen immediately - a builder, a blacksmith, an artist, in others - the results are waiting for months and years (breeder, educator). The predominance of practical or mental activity the specialist depends on the subject and the content of his work: "Nature" - livestock breeder, plant breeder, livestock technician; "Technics" - locksmith, machine operator; "Man" - teacher, trainer; "Znak" - layout designer, accountant; "Artistic Image" - graphic designer, fashion designer.

3. Prospecting professions (I)

The purpose of the labor of the professions of this class is the search for something new, unknown. "Priroda" - fishery inspector, gamekeeper, biologist-researcher; "Technics" - design engineer; "Man" - supply agent, production organizer; "Sign" - programmer, mathematician; "Artistic Image" - composer, designer. Many professions combine the characteristics of different classes.

The goals of labor make up the second floor of the Klimov pyramid.

OBJECTIVES OF LABOR (PIU)

SUBJECT OF LABOR (PTCHZH)

At the next level, professions are classified by tools, or by means of labor. The means of labor can be real and functional.

Material tools are a carpenter's hammer and ax, a surgeon's scalpel, a musician's violin, a teacher's pointer, a programmer's computer. Substance tools are manual (R) - scalpel, screwdriver, incisor, brush; mechanical (M) - sewing machine, car, crane; automatic (A) - automatic and semi-automatic lines, robotic systems.

Functional tools (F) invisible. This is the carpenter's eye, the tactile sensations of the surgeon, the inspiration of the musician, the knowledge of the teacher and the programmer.

The means of labor make up the third level of our pyramid.

MEANS OF LABOR (RMAF)

OBJECTIVES OF LABOR (PIU)

SUBJECT OF LABOR (PTCHZH)

Each of the professions involves working in certain conditions: in the office and under water, underground and in space, in hot workshops, in the open air at any time of the year.

The diver examines the water areas, the underwater part of structures and ships, finds and repairs damage to the hulls of ships and hydraulic structures, lays cable lines, pipelines under water, lifts sunken ships, conducts cutting and welding of metal structures under water; conducts research.

Underground navigators - mine surveyors - using special devices, make measurements and calculations, make underground maps, working both underground and on the ground, and at a desk. They work with pinpoint accuracy, because a deviation of even five centimeters with oncoming tunneling is unacceptable.

Civil aviation pilots not only carry cargo and passengers. They refine maps of the area, extinguish forest fires. Rolls, climb angles, speeds, directions, the state of onboard systems - all this is in the pilot's field of vision.

The doctor, educator, teacher are responsible for the life, health, and full education of people. Their work, like that of a pilot, is associated with increased moral and material responsibility.

There are four groups of working conditions:

B- usual, household microclimate (laboratory assistant, accountant, salesman, scientist);

ABOUT- open air (agronomist, traffic police inspector, installer, geologist);

H- unusual conditions (miner, astronaut, submariner, firefighter);

M- increased moral responsibility for the health and life of people, for great material values (teacher, doctor, judge, security guard).

Working conditions make up the fourth level of the Klimov pyramid.

CONDITIONS OF WORK (BONM)

MEANS OF LABOR (RMAF)

OBJECTIVES OF LABOR (PIU)

SUBJECT OF LABOR (PTCHZH)

Using this classification, any profession can be designated by a formula of four letters denoting the corresponding sign. Almost every profession has several characteristics. Therefore, the main thing is to highlight the main features and minor ones.

3. The teacher works:

4. There are:

Applications:

1. Working lesson card (for students)

2. Presentation

_________________________________ _____________________________

F.I. class

Task number 1. "Name the profession."

Task number 2. "In hot pursuit".

List the objects of labor according to the classification of Klimov.

Task number 3. "Pyramid of Klimov".

Task number 4. Control questions.

1. The base of the "Klimov pyramid" is:

a) working conditions; b) the subject of labor; c) means of labor; d) the goals of labor.

2. The subject of work of the driver is:

a) technique; b) a person; c) nature; d) artistic image.

3. The teacher works:

a) in living conditions; b) outdoors; c) in unusual conditions; d) in conditions of increased responsibility.

4. There are:

a) about 10 thousand professions; b) more than 100 thousand professions; c) about 40 thousand professions; d) 23 198 professions.

5. Hand tools are necessary in the work:

a) a surgeon; b) an astronaut; c) an actor; d) the driver.

"Dictionary":

Word-object Action word Feature word:
hWorker, builder, shoemaker; hammer, saw, ax, nail, nut, screw, shovel, rake, screwdriver, watering can, broom, needle, thread, scissors, knife, comb, syringe, bandage, medicine, thermometer; work, work. * Painter, welder, locksmith, electrician, lifeguard, photographer, artist, musician, poet, writer, actor, craftsman, profession; plane, pliers, wrench, crowbar. Q Bricklayer, engineer, cashier, tour guide, composer, journalist, specialist; machine tool, computer. h Build , paint, saw, chop, to fix , repair , twist, unscrew, score, try, save, work , work hard. * Plan, glass, weld, lay, distribute, issue, draw, fix, teach, manage, take pictures. Q Compose, write, study, serve. h Smart , kind, attentive , difficult, needed , necessary, quick . *Skillfulknowing, quick-witted, orderly , dexterous , useful, famous, best... Q Demanding, hardworking, patient, persistent, experienced, educated, observant. Adverbs: Skillfully,diligently,carefully, harmoniously, exactly, smooth , straight , slow

“We are watching. We tell ":

1. "Describing".We describe the professions according to the plan:

"Describing."We describe the tools according to the plan:

2. “Who / what? What is he doing? Which one? " We draw up a table about professions with the words of the game "We describe".


"Who what? What is he doing? Which one? "We draw up a table about the tools with the words of the game "We describe".

"Play":

1. "Magic glasses".Consider plot picture G-20 and name ...

2. "Listen - do it."(ü) - a pause for thinking, repeating and executing a command.

3. "Lump" We straighten the "lump" with:

i - the ribs of the palm of two hands, from the side of the index finger (fingers are tightly pressed against each other and motionless).

* - fingertips (fingers are tightly pressed to each other and motionless).

Q - the ribs of the palm of two hands, from the side of the little finger (fingers are tightly pressed to each other and motionless).


4. "Say the opposite."


5. "Say it differently."We play with all the selected words of the dictionary.


6. "Suitable - not suitable, because ..."

7. "Superfluous, because ..."(A-25)

i - Doctor (1), syringe, thermometer. * - Teacher, vegetables (3), autumn (2), vegetable (1), vegetable grower.

Screwdriver, hammer, builder (1). - Cook, educator, school (2), driver (3), summer (1).

Q - Morning (1), hairdresser (2), scissors, comb, hair dryer (3).

Vegetable grower (3), livestock breeder, doctor (2), village (1), milkmaid.

Screwdriver (3), truck, excavator, carpenter (2), locksmith (1), airplane (4).

8. "I - we - no."(IN 2)

i knife - knives - knives: * sharp knife - sharp knives - sharp knives;

Q my sharp knife - our sharp knives - our sharp knives.


9. "Change the word, answer the questions."We play with words:

i - saw, master; * - tool, profession; Q - accountant, training.

10. "Count".(AT 8)

i 1 my doctor, 2 my doctors, 3 my doctors 5 my doctors.

1 my seamstress, 2 my seamstresses, 3 my seamstresses, 4 my seamstresses, 5 my seamstresses.

* - 1 knowledgeable doctor, 3 knowledgeable doctors, 5 knowledgeable doctors.

1 young seamstress, 3 young seamstresses, 5 young seamstresses.

Q - 1 my knowledgeable doctor, 3 my knowledgeable doctors, 5 my knowledgeable doctors.

1 young skilled seamstress, 3 young skilled seamstresses, 5 young skilled seamstresses.


11. "Words-relatives."(AT 9).

Root words: i - master, watch; * - profession, repair; Q- library, stone.


12. "What, more, the most."(IN 1).

i The teacher is young, and the student is the most ... (young).

The shovel is sharp, and the knife is the most ... (sharp).

The student has a wide brush, and the painter has the most ... (wide).

* The teacher is young, and the student is still ... (younger).

The shovel is sharp, and the scissors are still ... (sharper).

The student has a wide brush, and the artist has more ... (wider).

Q The teacher is young, the student is still ... (younger), and the student is the most ... (young).

The shovel is sharp, the scissors are still ... (sharper), and the knife is the most ... (sharp).

The student has a wide brush, the artist has more ... (wider), and the painter has the most ... (wide).

Confusion".

i The excavator drives the excavator. * My dad works as a chauffeur.

The painter paints the wall with scissors. Forester protect animals and trees in the forest.

Q My aunt works as a doctor at a children's clinic.

I help my dad make kitchen furniture.

Unravel the words by removing the extra syllable: Mapalar, teacher, Swedish, driver, Dawar


14. . "Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?" + "Family".(B-5.1). We play with the words of the dictionary.

hammer saw drill tools

daddy's daddy's daddy's


15. "Singing"We learn the letter "W".


16. "Pick a word for the symbol."

Modeling "

19. "Composing" Play by dialing

20. "Making a guess."We play with the words of the game "We describe".

“We compose. We remember ":


1. h Postman

Who brings us newspapers

And greetings from your grandmother?

The postman brings them.

He walks with a thick bag.

(V. Stepanov)

hTo be healthy,

Sounds were all uttered

Who cares about us?

Speech therapists are times

Masseurs, nurse

And, of course, doctors.

(N. Nishcheva)

* Bricklayer

The house grows in the alley

The mason is laying the walls.

With him is an assistant - a trowel,

Trowel - scapula.

The house will be built on time

The masonry will be strong.

(V. Stepanov)


Q Everything for everyone

The bricklayer builds dwellings

Dress is a tailor's job

But the tailor has to work

Nowhere without a warm shelter!

The bricklayer would be naked

If only skillful hands

Didn't make it in time

An apron and a jacket and trousers.

Baker to the shoemaker on time

He instructs to sew boots.

Well, and a shoemaker without bread

Will he sew a lot, sharpen?

So it turns out that way:

Everything we do is needed.

So let's work hard

Honestly, diligently and amicably!

(Yu Tuvim)

2. h Dexterous two hands

Heels on shoes

And heels on the heels -

Also the work of these hands

(shoemaker )

hAll of me is made of iron,

I have no legs or arms.

I climb a hat into a board

And for me everything is thump and thump!

(nail)

* His coming

Everyone is happy

When in the kitchen

(plumber )

* Business, artisan,

He made a chair with me:

I was not silent for a minute,

He knocked, knocked, knocked.

(a hammer)

Q I'll sit under my arm

And I will indicate what to do:

Or I'll put it to bed

Or let me walk.

(thermometer )

Q What this eye won't look at-

All pictures will be transferred.

(camera)


3. h At the machine it is day and night,

He can do everything, he- ...

(working)(No. 13, p. 19)

h He brings letters to the house,

Long-awaited ...

(postman)(№13,21)

* Children's songs couplets

Compose for us ...

(poets)(No. 13, p. 23)

* Boots lame assistant,

Nailed heels ...

(shoemaker)(№13,23)

Q The entire sheet is written in quick handwriting

Writing an essay to the newspaper ...

(journalist ) (No. 13, p. 23)

Q Sleep and rest are forgotten,

Writes the song ...

(composer)(№13,22)


4. They brought new scissors to the hairdresser. The scissors were shiny and beautiful, and all the old barber tools envied them and feared that they would be quickly replaced by these scissors. But....

Dad left a toolbox in the kitchen. They liked it there and decided to stay in the kitchen forever. Since the tools go bad without work, they began to look for a job ...

5. 1. Consider picture G-20. Work with her according to the algorithm.

2. h Name 2 - 3 more tools that are appropriate for each profession. * Do you think there are only female and only male professions? Q What is the most important profession?

3. Why do the people say: h The work of the master is afraid. * If you want to eat rolls, do not sit on the stove.

Q The work of the master praises.

Topic 31. "Victory Day"

"Dictionary":

Object words Action words Sign words:
h War,world,victory,army; defender, hero , enemy , soldier, commander; award, monument, help. * Homeland , holiday , fireworks, parade, offensive, battle, defeat, congratulations, care; warrior , fighter, veteran, winner; border, fortress; medal, order; weapon, fire, wound. Q Enemy, traitor, spy, volunteer, partisan; general, marshal, officer; front, rear; courage, heroism, courage, fearlessness; celebration, eternal flame, Fatherland, Homeland . h Fight, win, protect , remember, congratulations. * To advance, fight, rid, conquer, fight, reward, thank. Q Honor (memory), glorify , to be proud, salute, wish. h Old, terrible, brave , strong , military. * Brave , combat, wounded, eternal... Q Great, domestic, festive , solemn, brave, valiant. Adverbs: Joyfully, fearlessly, desperately, forever

“We are watching. We tell ":

1. "Describing".We talk about the heroism and courage of the defenders of the Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War and about the events of the war years according to plan:

2. “Who? What? What is he doing? Which one? "We fill in the table.

i - holiday, hero; * - fireworks, parade; Q fortress, partisan.

"Play":

1. "Do it, please."(ü) - pause for thinking, repeating, executing a command

2. "Katalochka".With the fingers of the left hand, roll the pencil along the brush right hand 10-15 times:

i - all fingers in order, starting with the thumb;

* - all fingers in order from the little finger to the big one, without stopping when changing the movement;

Q - fingers in order: 1, 3, 5, 4, 2.


3. "Say the opposite."We play with all the underlined words of the dictionary.


4. "Say it differently."We play with all the underlined words of the dictionary.


5. "Suitable - not suitable, because ..."

6. "Superfluous, because ..."(A-31)

i - Soldier (1), tank, plane. * - Remember (2), give, reward, tanker (1).

Salute (1), warrior, officer. - Brave, brave, officer (3), soldier (1), young (2).

Q - Veteran (3), combat (1), machine gun, tank (4), pistol, spring (2).

Shoots (4), advances, attacks, war (1), draws (3), thinks (2).


7. "I - we - no."(IN 2). We play with the words of the dictionary.

i veteran - veterans - veterans;

* familiar veteran - familiar veterans - familiar veterans;

Q my friend is a veteran - our friends are veterans - our friends are veterans.

8. "Change the word, answer the questions."We play with words:

i- peace, army; * - veteran, order; Q - celebration, winner.

9. "Is - was - will be"(AT 4).

* flowers (seedlings) (bouquet to the veteran)

battle (enemy offensive) (enemy retreat)

Q victory (war) (holiday)

holiday (preparation for the holiday) (memory of the holiday)


10. "Count"(AT 8).

11. "Words are relatives."(AT 9).

i - victory, hero; * - fight, shoot; Q- defense, war.


12. "How - more."(IN 1).

i, *, Q The battle lasts a long time, and the war still ... (longer).

In peacetime, it is difficult to defend the country, but during war it is even more ... (more difficult).

The soldier aims quickly, and the sniper still ... (faster).


Confusion".

i Victory Day is an important holiday * Grandfather Petin fight the war on

War bring grief to people. He has received many awards.

Q We watch the Victory Day veterans parade

Veterans children give flowers and gifts.


14. “Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?" + "Family".(B-5.2). (with words that match the meaning)

medal order congratulations awards

grandfather grandfather grandfather grandfather


Folded words "

i long + wait, order + wear; *, Q military + field, duty, sea, air.

16. "We sing."We learn the letters "Y", "E", "E", "I", "Y".


17. "Pick a word for the symbol." Symbols - word-object, word-action, word-sign and symbol of prepositions

Modeling "

20. "Composing"... We play the set F - 9 with prepositions

i - above * - before, with Q - s, k

Tables:

1. A soldier, a tank, an airplane.

2. Salute, warrior, officer.

3. Remember, give, reward, tanker.

4. Brave, brave, officer, soldier, young.

5. Veteran, combat, machine gun, tank, pistol, spring.

6. Shoots, attacks, attacks, war, draws, thinks.

7. Winner, gunner, border guard, tank, parachute, May.

“We compose. We remember ":


1. h My grandfather

On grandfather's chest -

Orders, medals.

Them at the front to grandpa

For the courage they gave.

My grandfather invited

Visit the kindergarten.

Grandpa accepts

Festive parade.

(Yu Kapotov)

* Victory

The war ended in victory

Those years are over.

Order medals are burning

Many on the chest.

Who wears the order of battle

For feats in battle,

And who - for the feat of labor

In my native land.

(S. Mikhalkov)

Q Ninth of May

Parents are happy

Children and grandfathers

To a proud holiday

Our Victory.

On this joyful day

Peace and light

By the spring sun

The earth is heated.

On a festive morning

Nobody forgot

Put flowers

At the soldiers' graves.

(G. Vieru)


2 .h Not a tractor, but with tracks,

Not a fortress, but with a tower,

Not a gun, but with a barrel.

(tank )

* Without fins, among the depths

Iron dolphin swims.

(Submarine)

QIt is sent to a foreign country,

All your secrets will be discovered ...

(spy)

3. h All the soldiers stood in a row,

Begins….

(parade).

* She brings many troubles

Angry, scary ...

(war).

Q Thunder struck, merry thunder,

Everything sparkled around!

Rushing to the sky relentlessly

Colorful fountains

Sprays of light are pouring everywhere!

It's festive ...

(firework ) (№8,244)


4. Petya listened to the stories of his grandfather-front-line soldier about the war. And he very much dreamed of saving someone, protecting someone. Once, playing in the yard, I saw Petya crying baby ..

Seryozha read in the book that service dogs helped people in the war. And so they gave Seryozha a puppy for his birthday ...

5. 1. Look at the paintings of G-23 (23.1 - 23.3), put them in order. Work with them according to the algorithm. Make a story about them.

2. h What do you think were the soldiers who won the war?

* What, in your opinion, should be done to become a good defender of the Motherland?

Q Explain the expression: "World-world".

3. Why do they say so: h A skilled fighter is a good fellow everywhere! * Courage is important, but skill is needed.

Q Whoever stands for a just cause will always win.

CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW:
The names of the different professions.
Appointment of different professions.

CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW Nouns: doctor, builder, teacher, firefighter, photographer, cook, hairdresser, policeman, tailor, shoemaker, baker, writer, pilot, driver, librarian, salesman, gardener, carpenter, painter, bricklayer, electrician, crane operator, excavator , welder, glazier, foreman, architect, tractor driver, combine operator, milkmaid, poultry woman, pediatrician, dentist, ophthalmologist, surgeon, neuropathologist, nurse.

ADVERSE: kind, attentive, caring, responsible, professional, skillful, knowledgeable, conscientious, disciplined;

VERBS: heals, teaches, educates, extinguishes, photographs, cooks, cooks, shears, puts, follows, sews, mends, cuts, bakes, writes, composes, flies, drives, carries, gives out, accepts, sells, counts, looks after, grows, lays, installs, lifts, controls, paints, digs, planes, glass, welds, sows, plants, digs.

ONE IS A LOT.
Teacher - teachers - teachers.
Doctor - doctors - doctors.
Seller - sellers - sellers.
Baker - bakers - bakers.
Photographer - Photographers - Photographers.
Tailor - tailors - tailors.
Milkmaid - milkmaids - milkmaids.
Postman - Postmen - Postmen.

NAME BY THE SAMPLE (children from 6 years old):
He is an artist and she is an artist.
He is a teacher, and she is ....
He is a writer, and she is ....
He is a guide, and she is ....
He is a singer, and she is ....
He is a translator, and she is ....

WHO'S DOING WHAT?
Teacher - teaches to read, write, count.
Fireman extinguishes the fire.
Builder - Builds and repairs houses.
Painter-plasterer - paints, whitens, plasters.
Photographer - taking pictures.
Cook - ....
Tailor - ....
The hairdresser - ... .
Librarian - ...
Doctor - ....
Writer - ....
Driver - ....
Tractor driver - ....
Milkmaid - ...
Poultry - ....

WHO NEEDS WHAT TO WORK?
For hairdresser - scissors, comb, hair dryer, curlers.
To the doctor - medicine, white coat, thermometer.
Artist - ....
Teacher - ....
To the tailor - ....
Painter - ....
Fisherman - ...
Seller - ....
Gardener - ....
Carpenter - ....
Milkmaid - ...
Tractor driver - ...

GUESS THE PROFESSION (children from 6 years old).
Who carries the luggage? (Porter.)
Who welds the pipes? (Welder.)
Who is inserting the glass? (Glazier.)
Who works on the crane? (Crane operator.)
Who is laying the bricks? (Mason.)
Who sharpens knives? (Grinder.)
Who fixes the watch? (Watchmaker.)
Who works on the excavator? (Excavator operator.)
Who is painting the walls? (Painter.)
Who looks after the birds? (Birdwoman).
Who composes the music? (Composer.)
Who plays the piano? (Pianist.)

CONFUSION.
The painter sews clothes.
The driver controls the plane.
The hairdresser knits a jacket.
The librarian delivers mail.
The photographer composes music.
The tractor driver sews clothes.

DESCRIBE A PROFESSION BY PLAN:
The name of the profession.
What tools are needed to work in this profession.
What does a person of this profession do.

NAME (children from 6 years old):
Children's doctor - ... (pediatrician).
Dentist - ... (dentist).
Eye doctor - ... (ophthalmologist).
The doctor performing the operations is ... (surgeon).
The doctor who treats the nerves - ... (neuropathologist).
Physician Assistant - ... (nurse).

Medical clothing - ... (cap, scarf, dressing gown, gloves).
Medical instruments - ... (syringe, spatula, pipette, thermometer, hammer, tweezers).

What is a profession? (Business, work, occupation.)
What are your parents' professions?
What are professions for?
What do you want to be when you grow up?
Why do you need to study professions? Where are they trained?

We get up very early, because our concern is
Take everyone to work in the morning. (Driver.)

Will guide a glass eye
Click once - and we remember you. (Photographer.)

We must fight with fire -
We are partners with water.
They won't be afraid with us
You have carbon monoxide gases.
Everyone needs us very much,
So who are we? - ... (Firefighters).

Tell me who is so delicious
Cooking cabbage soup,
Fragrant cutlets, salads, vinaigrettes,
All breakfasts, dinners? (Cook.)

SHOW A WORD.

In the carpenter's bag you will find a hammer and a sharp ... (knife).
Any tool at the place - and a plane, and ... (chisel).

We must fight fire.
We are brave workers.
We are partners with water.
Everyone needs us very much.
So who are we? -… (firemen).

I would be a pilot pilot
I certainly wanted to become
I'm then on a plane
To Moscow would ... (flew).

A hurrying thread runs after a needle
I can do anything for myself ... (sew).

It's not difficult for me to mend a sock myself
The pocket should be repaired, swept over ... (belt).

There are probably a thousand poods in it!
Heavy ... (thresher).

I'm not bragging, I will say:
I will rejuvenate all my friends!
They come to me sad -
With wrinkles, with folds.
Very cute go away -
Fun and smooth.
So I am a reliable friend
Electric ... (iron).

In the world of various words,
That shine, burn and burn
Gold, steel. Diamond
There is no more sacred word ... (labor).

A blue pilot raises into the sky ... (plane).

He drove the goats to the hillock cheery ... (shepherd boy).

Plane in hand - the work is different:
Knots, squiggles with a plane ... (we plan).

But not with a brush and a bucket, our painter comes into the house:
Instead of a brush, he brought a mechanical ... (pump).

So that people do not get wet in the rain
The roofer covers with iron ... (house).

The crane is moving - of a huge height
Serves iron to the roof ... (sheets).

White sawdust is flying, flying from under the saw:
It is the carpenter who makes the frames and ... (floors).

We need to buy bread or give us a gift -
We take the bag and go out into the street.
We walk along the shop windows and enter ... (shop).

Well, in this store there is a pretzel, rolls in the window,
Healing bread with bran. The store is called ... (bread).

Every day a newspaper is brought to our house ... (postman).
Seven brave fellows of daring mowers were sharpening their scythes, grass ... (mowing).

In front of the kids' eyes, they paint the roof ... (painters).

We are taking the boards up the mountain, we will build a new one ... (house)
I fly dolls in the morning. Today I am ... (nurse).

It's time to paint the rooms. They invited ... (painter). Baruzdin S.

A circus performer knows how to pranks, animals and birds ... (train).

Ir-ir-ir-my dad ... (commander).

He brought us the southern fish, the future cabin boy ... (sailor).

I did not drink or sleep, gnawed a tree ... (saw).

Sews, sews up and pricks with a sharp pointed nose ... (needle).

Which specialties have gone down in history forever, which are on the verge of extinction, and which are just emerging - this is what this article is about.

Why some professions are disappearing

In the 21st century, society is developing rapidly. At the same time, the appearance of settlements is changing, new and existing cities are growing rapidly, and a modern way of life is being born. In huge production workshops, the human workforce has been replaced by automatic robots, some activities have been transformed beyond recognition in comparison with past centuries and even with past decades, others completely disappear into oblivion. In this regard, the concept of "disappearing professions" appeared. We will describe them in detail below.

Together with the changing reality, many names of professions go down in history. Some simply transform their name into another designation, but there are also those that completely cease to exist. You can no longer meet their representatives on the street, information can be found in historical archives, and you can see it - unless in a movie or theatrical performance.

Professions that do not exist

Disappearing professions are no longer relevant. Because of the fast development of science and technological process some specialties are losing demand. Machines replace human hands and can handle almost all crafts much faster and more efficiently. Automation of many processes significantly reduces the cost of production and at the same time increases the productivity of any process. Serious negative consequences of this are the loss of jobs, an increase in unemployment, as a result - the impoverishment of the population and an increase in the world. Therefore, today the state is making a lot of efforts so that everyone can master a profession that is relevant to the current reality. It is important for everyone to learn and gain skills in the areas that humanity needs.

Excursion into the past

Let's remember the old professions that have lost their popularity and have remained only on the pages of history. Some of them are known by their names, others sound foreign and completely unfamiliar.

TOP professions that have ceased to exist:

  • Daguerreotype... They created the first portrait photographs. Then there were no cameras, but there were silver plates on which the very first photographs were created. They were replaced by photographers who clicked on film. But this is a completely different kind of work, therefore, we can safely say that daguerreotypes have already become part of history.
  • Chimney sweeps... They regularly went out in search of dirty chimneys. Not a single family could do without their efforts and labor. The modern generation knows about this specialty only thanks to the myths and fairy tales that have survived to this day. Chimney sweeps were held in high esteem because chimneys and fireplaces prevented fires.
  • Rat catchers... Surely many have not heard such names of professions. But in fact, it was a very important and dangerous position, these people could be compared to superheroes. They saved entire cities from the invasion of rodents, which were real carriers of dirt and disease. It was the rats that brought the plague that wiped out half of Europe in the 16th century. Today in many countries they strictly monitor order, preventing the spread of sewage and garbage. If necessary, clean public areas regularly using strong poisons and other pest control products. In the past, tens of thousands of rats were killed by hand.

Continuation of the list

  • Stonebreakers... Hard labor, during which people died. Workers crushed rocks used for construction around the clock. Now the stone is mined by specialized equipment controlled by a person.
  • Lamplighters... Every evening they went to work with long sticks, lit streetlights and kept the city lit. Of course, it's hard to imagine that electricity once did not exist.
  • Telephone operators... They were still quite recently, but today, in the "world mobile phone", such old professions ceased to exist. And once, in order to hear the desired subscriber, it was necessary to contact the telephone operator, who redirected the signal to the desired point.
  • Typists... Women in all printing establishments spent hours typing texts, knocking, as from a machine gun, on the keys typewriter... It is hard to imagine that today someone is working on this outdated apparatus.
  • Counters... At the workplace of these women there were only abacus and paper with a pen for notes. In every company, an accountant had such a lady subordinate to her, who knew how to fill in the numbers on the bone accounts in seconds. After all, a few decades ago there was no calculator, and complex calculations were done on accounts. Only women were hired, as they approached her more responsibly and were distinguished by special assiduity.
  • Coachman - a cabman, drove a horse-drawn carriage. But with the advent of the car, people stopped moving in strollers and phaetons, which is why there was no need for this specialty.
  • Profession shoe shiner was once very much in demand. Dirty shoes are a bad form, so all high-ranking and simply neat men regularly stood at the chairs, around which young boys with brushes and shoe polish were spinning.

Little known disappeared professions

The list of disappeared professions includes those that are heard by many. And there were also little-known ones: buoy-keepers, balagols, coopers, komashniki.

In the 15-18 centuries, the position of the kissing man was widespread. These people mainly followed the replenishment of the treasury, the payment by the peasants of the poll and quitrent (which is not tax office?), participated in trials and police surveillance. On taking office, they swore an oath of honesty and kissed the cross.

In construction, they did not do without diggers, embankments, delivery trucks and slabs. Today, their work is performed by excavators, cranes and other equipment.

There were many other specialties, without which it was difficult to imagine society in the past.

Professions that are disappearing

Experts regularly keep records of those on the verge of extinction. The disappearing professions are known to everyone today. Super-fast technology progress and the development of the Internet create new jobs, but at the same time you have to say goodbye to the usual crafts.

Here are examples of professions that will cease to exist in the near future. However, to the consolation of many, we can say that the old ones are being replaced by new activities, the list of which is constantly updated.

Disappearing professions:

  • Packer... Enterprises will no longer need manual packaging; robots will soon replace humans. Cars don't require days off, they don't need sick days, and they don't argue with their bosses. Many firms and factories are already switching to full automation of production.
  • Conductor... Modern public transport is equipped with a turnstile. It is installed in front of the entrance. To use the bus, you need to insert a card or lower the desired bill. It turns out that there is no need for a person who catches "hares" and sells travel tickets.
  • Postman, cashier.
  • Librarian.
  • Journalist... Numerous copywriters will replace them.
  • Call center operator.
  • Watchman, concierge, elevator operator, waiter.
  • Logist.
  • Miner.
  • Seamstress, weaver, potter.
  • Accountant, economist.
  • Architect.

Reducing the list of village artisans

Many rural professions are disappearing. There are fewer and fewer mowers, handymen in the fields, fruit pickers, blacksmiths and shepherds. Their work is performed by combines, cultivators, and garden equipment. There are practically no horses on the farms, so there is no work for the blacksmiths. And cows are increasingly seen only on large farms, so shepherds are disappearing. The process of reducing rural processes is especially pronounced in economically developed capitalist countries, while in developing countries it is still in demand. manual labor on the fields.

Simple and understandable specialties are closely intertwined with the world of high-tech technologies. Science and electronics are rapidly gaining momentum, and many countries simply do not keep pace with progress. This is probably why in some parts of our country there are such professions that have long gone into history in Europe.

One of the consequences of the collapse of the USSR

Separately, it is worth noting the professions of the USSR, which ceased to exist with the collapse of the country.

Everyone studied and tried to take their place in the party's nomenclature. Even the most outstanding instructor of the district committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - it sounded proud and solid. Not to mention the secretaries of the district committee and others. The pioneer leaders, who instructed the pioneers on the right path and organized their leisure, also went nowhere. Many professions of the USSR disappeared simultaneously with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics itself.

Indirect consequences of the disappearance of many professions

Even 50 years ago, the career was linear, verified and stable. In his youth, a person chose a profession to his liking, received an appropriate education and throughout his life was engaged in one business. Today the picture is quite different. In the age of ultra-fast technology, this model no longer works. A person has to study all his life, mastering new, as a rule, narrow specialties.

High competition, fear of unemployment and constant mental stress - all this negatively affects human health, his psyche, giving rise to neuroses, depression and mental disorders. As a result of constant employment, not enough attention is paid to the family, children, simple human connections are lost. This, in turn, gives rise to child criminality, which very quickly develops into "adult".

One of the consequences of the rapidly changing reality and the disappearance of many professions is the rise in unemployment, the impoverishment of the population, the fall in the birth rate, which, in a chain reaction, also generates social tension.

This is the kind of "black" relationship that the New York analytical agency has built.

Professions of the future

The dying professions will definitely be replaced by new ones that meet modern realities. Annually leading schools undergo certification to obtain permission to learn new crafts. And they are directly related to robots, nanotechnology and computers.

Here is a list of specialties that are likely to be needed in the future:

  • CyberWorker - will put things in order on the Internet.
  • City caretaker - Responsible for landscaping the city.
  • Master printer - 3D printing specialist.
  • Personal chronicler - will establish all your roots and create a family record.
  • Microflora specialist.
  • Drone operator.

Today these are just theoretical conclusions. But once the astronaut was considered a fantastic profession.

Quiz "GUESS THE PROFESSION"

(7-8 grades)

The choice of profession is ahead of you. But many of you have probably already thought about this problem. To find a job you love, you first need to know well what kind of work there are in the world. There are more than 40 thousand professions in the world. But this huge figure is far from certain. And not only because life does not stand still and all the time some old professions die off, and new ones appear, but also because people still have not agreed among themselves about what should be considered a separate profession or specialty, but which is just a kind of work. The sea of \u200b\u200bprofessions is boundless. This is our conversation today.

Warm up

All professions, as you know, are usually subdivided into 5 categories, depending on the type of relationship between a person and an object of action:

- "man is nature",

- "person - person",

- "man - technology",

- "man is an artistic image",

- “man is a sign system”.

Assignment: the named profession must be correctly correlated with one of the listed types (professions have already been divided into groups, the leader calls them out of order)

    "Man - an artistic image": sculptor, artist, art critic, engraver, tailor, glassblower, potter, parquet flooring, photographer, composer, artist, conductor.

    “Man - nature”: geologist, blaster, meteorologist, topographer, cheese maker, baker, forester, ecologist, microbiologist, livestock technician.

    "Man as a technician": an electrician, an excavator driver, an erector of reinforced concrete structures, a plumber, a fitter, a carpenter, a helmsman, a pilot, a driver.

    "Man - man": secretary, guide passenger car, waiter, hairdresser, guide-translator, lawyer, district inspector, legal adviser, doctor, teacher.

    “Man is a sign system”: programmer, economist, pharmacist, radio operator, stenographer, draftsman, navigator of civil aviation, technician-mathematician.

Vocabulary

Determine which professions the word groups belong to.

Pattern, fabric, cutting, suit, scissors, atelier (tailor)

Drawing, project, plan, city, harmony, blueprint, structures, buildings, construction (architect)

Workbench, plane, furniture, machine tool, timber, workshop (joiner)

Make-up, theater, stage, audience, applause (artist)

Game, walk, sleep, visual aids, round dance, matinee, nursery (teacher for children)

Book, fund, catalogs, erudition, knowledge, silence, readers-users (librarian)

Newspaper, news, people, efficiency, facts, editorial office (correspondent, journalist)

Telephone, cable, PBX station, subscribers, equipment, communications (telecommunication engineer)

Land, field, greenhouse, varieties, grain, care, fertilizers, harvest (agronomist)

Study, description, terrain, maps, scales, tripod, shooting, expeditions, eye (topographer technician)

Proverbs competition.

What profession do these proverbs and sayings speak about?

A) soldier:

Take care of your native land, like a beloved mother.

To live is to serve the motherland.

Do not spare your strength or life for your homeland.

B) blacksmith:

It's hard for the hammer, it's hard for the anvil.

Strike while the iron is hot.

It is not fire that burns iron, but fur.

What you put in the cauldron you take out.

Not salted on the table, salted on the back.

You can't spoil porridge with butter.

An old disease is difficult to treat.

Sick - get well, healthy - beware.

Not the patient is fastidious - pain.

D) grain grower:

Mow, scythe, while the dew. The dew is gone and we are home.

Those who are friends with agricultural technology do not worry about the harvest.

To reap is not to doze.

Who's doing what

Guess the profession by description.

    The workers of this profession include the words of Lomonosov: "... in the depths of the earth, space, and nature reigns richly ... Metals and minerals will not come into the yard on their own - they require eyes and hands for their mine." High medical requirements are imposed on people of this profession, since during the entire work shift they are forced to be deep underground. (Miner, miner)

    Wherever the construction of residential houses, industrial buildings, etc. is underway, openwork arrows of lifting devices rise. Their height reaches 50 meters or more, and their carrying capacity is several tens of tons. Here is what one of the professionals says about his work: “A real ace of our business can lower a multi-ton detail onto a matchbox with such precision that he will not even hesitate. It is necessary to equally be able to serve both the cargo and the can of water - to get drunk to the installers. I put the load with a deviation of plus or minus 5 cm. Of course, such accuracy does not come immediately, you need a lot of practice and a desire to achieve a high level of skill "

    The word itself is firmly entrenched in our lexicon, although it came from the West. Originally the word meant the ability to go around horses and drive them. In modern english language this word literally means "leading people." The functions of this profession change with the development of science, technology, production. Today these are the functions of planning, organizing and controlling. The presence of knowledge in the field of management, economics, law, psychology and the ability to apply them in life - that's what is required of a modern specialist in this profession. (Manager)

    This is the main person of the stock exchange, which is an intermediary in trade transactions. A person in this profession must know everything about securities. Of fundamental importance in determining professional suitability are personality traits such as emotional balance, a high degree of adaptability, since this is one of the most stressful professions. (Dealer)

    People of this profession are the first to arrive at the scene of a crime, they know everything about fingerprints and human handwriting. Any specialist in this profession knows that a man has a stride length of 65-90 cm, and for women and old people 50-70; and if the stride length is a meter or more, then the person is running. (Criminalist)

    Translated from English, this profession indicates the design, creation of industrial products. A person in this profession must be technically trained and have a developed artistic taste. But this is not the most important thing. The main thing is that a representative of this profession should treat the world of things as a transformer. Currently, the English version of the name of this profession is better known. We call such a person an artist-designer. (Designer)

    Currently, this profession has gained particular popularity in Russia. Unlike European countries, in our country to get the profession not difficult at all. But in France, for example, anyone who wants to get this profession is subjected to a serious examination. Psychological tests are one of the main stages of the exam. Their task is to establish the personal qualities of the subject: the degree of activity, the ability to maintain self-control and composure. By cross-questions, his good manners, courtesy, etc. are found out. candidates write essays about their future profession, by which examiners judge the mental abilities of the examinee, the level of his spiritual culture. One final tip: a member of this profession deals with values \u200b\u200band money. (Seller)

Guess the melody.

    A stewardess named Jeanne.

    Three tankers.

    Accountant.

  1. Green-eyed taxi.

  2. A soldier is walking through the city.

    The artist who paints the rain.

The active participants of the quiz receive prizes.

 

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