Electronic document and its file. Lesson on informatics "electronic document and file". The difference between external memory and internal

2. Features of storage, protection and legal force of electronic documents

2.1 Validation of an electronic document

2.2 Protection of electronic documents

2.3 Storage of electronic documents

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

« Electronic document- information fixed on a material carrier in the form of a set of symbols, a sound recording or an image and intended for transmission in time and space using means computer science and telecommunications for storage and public use. Electronic documents have technological specifics. The information contained in them cannot be perceived by a person in the physical form in which it is recorded on a material carrier. Only after decoding, this information becomes understandable to the user (image on the monitor screen, printer printout, etc.)

The main advantage of electronic document management is an increase in the efficiency of working with documents and making decisions. important and economic factor-- the introduction of an electronic document management system can reduce the overall cost of document management and greatly simplify the work with documents.

To organize office automation, it is necessary to make the transition from paper to electronic information carriers. To do this, the organization must have the following components:

· means for creation and processing of information in electronic form;

· means for data storage - archive (a server or several servers with peripheral equipment necessary for archival copying of documents);

· system of data transmission between users;

· means for obtaining a hard copy of archival data;

actually software workflow automation and data management.

Relevance of the topic term paper is that on present stage For the development of office work, it is important to correctly identify the features of working with electronic documents, their creation, storage and protection.

The object of the study is an electronic document.

The subject of the research is the features of working with electronic documents.

The purpose of the course work is to identify the modern public understanding of the electronic document, the features of working with electronic documents, the main advantages of electronic document management.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Analyze the concept of "electronic document";

2. Describe the main formats of electronic documents;

3. Describe the features of individual stages of work with electronic documents: storage, protection, legal force.

Source base: regulatory legal acts of federal authorities on issues of informatization, archiving, document management, office work:

Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ “On Information, information technology and on the protection of information”;

· State standards in the field of work with electronic documents and information: GOST R 15489-1--2007 “Document management. General requirements»; GOST R 51141-98 “Office work and archiving. Terms and Definitions".

The topic of the features of working with electronic documents in the works of Larin M. V. “Document Management and New Information Technologies”, Tkaneva A. “ Electronic signature: the right to life”, Tikhonova V.I. "Essential characteristics, composition and classification of electronic documents"

Structure of the work: introduction, 2 chapters, conclusion, bibliography

Electronic document: concept, features, formats

1.1 The concept of "electronic document"

With the development of information technology, the so-called electronic documents have become widely used, the use of which provides a lot of advantages for users:

1. Acceleration of workflow processes;

2. The ability to transmit a document through digital communication channels;

3. Easily changeable content (editing);

4. Theoretical possibility of eternal storage;

5. Unlimited copies that have legal force, etc.

However, the concept of "electronic document" was not always unambiguous and still causes controversy.

The term "electronic document" appeared around the beginning of the 1990s, but in domestic document science it began to be actively used only in the late 1990s. Prior to this, in domestic and foreign literature, the terms “machine-readable document”, “Document on a machine medium” were generally accepted. In particular, the definition of the term “Document on a machine medium” is given by the current GOST R 51141-98: and recording methods that ensure the processing of its information by an electronic computer "

It should be noted that an electronic document is machine-readable, but not every machine-readable document is electronic. Development computer technology made in the 1990s the term "machine-readable document" and its main characteristic - suitability for machine reading - unviable: in modern conditions, information can be read by machine from any paper document. There was a need for a new concept related to documents that go through all stages of their life cycle- from creation to destruction or transfer to eternal archival storage - in electronic form. This was the concept of "electronic document".

Most of the existing definitions of the term "electronic document" emphasize the similarity of the concepts "document" and "electronic document". At the same time, the emphasis is on the information component of the concept: an electronic document is defined, first of all, as information. In specific cases, databases (registers, cadastres, lists, etc.) and digitized copies of paper documents can be classified as electronic documents.

IN Russian legislation The normative definition of an electronic document appeared for the first time in federal law dated January 10, 2002 No. 1-FZ "On electronic digital signature": "an electronic document is a document whose information is presented in electronic digital form." The concept is also given in the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection": "electronic document - information presented in the form of a set of states of elements of electronic computing equipment (ECT), other electronic means processing, storage and transmission of information that can be converted into a form suitable for unambiguous perception by a person, and having attributes for document identification.

“A feature of electronic documents is that their information is presented in electronic digital form and, as a result, can be perceived by a person only with the help of appropriate technical and software tools. However, electronic documents perform the same functions and have the same value as traditional documents. That is why in the archival legislation of some developed countries in the definition of the concepts “document” and “electronic document”, the emphasis is not on the form of documents, but on their functions” .

According to this law, the following requirements are imposed on an electronic document: it must

created, processed, transmitted and stored using software and technical means;

have a structure established by law and contain details that allow it to be identified;

be presented in a human-readable form.

In accordance with the law, an electronic document on a machine medium is equated to a document on hard copy and has the same legal force as it. Thus, the law eliminates any uncertainty by placing electronic documents in a number of other technotronic documents and focusing on a generic concept - a document.

So, according to the definition of the US National Archives, electronic documents are documents containing digital, graphic and textual information that can be recorded on any computer medium (that is, containing any information recorded in a form accessible only for processing by a computer) and which meets the definition of "document": "all book, paper, cartographic, photographic, machine-readable and other written materials, regardless of their physical form or properties, created or received by a United States federal agency under federal law or in connection with the implementation state activity and held or to be retained by that federal agency or its successor as evidence of the activities (organization, functions, rules, decisions, procedures, actions, or others) of the federal government or because of the informational value of the data contained therein.

However, electronic documents, unlike traditional documents, are not physical, but logical integrity. A diskette or file cannot be considered an electronic document. An electronic record is recognized as an electronic document only if it is the result and evidence of activity.

The specificity of electronic documents also lies in the fact that they have their own physical and logical structure, which does not coincide with our previous traditional ideas about a document. It depends on the method of placing data on machine media and on the software and hardware used. The logical structure of electronic documents determines the semantic relationships between parts of documents in the form of data of various types: text, tables, graphics, animations, multimedia records, etc. Imprinting and reproduction of the document is carried out with the help of appropriate information technologies on a modular basis.

Electronic documents are directly dependent on information technologies, which have an irreversible tendency to become obsolete (change) as scientific and technological progress in the field of technology and software. The specifics of electronic documents, as well as mass application new information technologies, the intrusion into the field of document management and archiving by specialists in the field of computer technology has generated a certain terminological confusion and confusion of the concepts of "electronic record", "document", "videogram", etc.

In one case, an electronic document is understood as a computer-generated storage medium, in another, a separate file on this medium, in a third, a printout on paper, in a fourth, a kind of “matrix in computer memory.” Sometimes an image on the screen, including the one obtained by e-mail, from the Internet and other networks

(virtual document). I.L. Bachilo writes about this that it is possible to classify electronic documents into types according to their target attribute:

“An electronic document is a method of storing a traditional document in electronic form while identifying the identity of the primary document;

Electronic document - as a primary document, created in electronic system, included in the information and communication system without a paper form (computer programs, data along the north-north line, computer-to-computer)

Electronic document - a way to directly inform the user; display, file, television filing cabinets, electronic edition- CDROM, etc.;

An electronic document - as a means of expressing the will of a participant in an electronic form of legal relations - a legally significant fact, a legal act (a means of transporting an expression of will) in transactions, the exchange of scientific information, etc.) ".

“The scientific document management analysis of this situation in the historical aspect requires, first of all, to turn to the study of the definitions of electronic documents available in the literature. Thus, it was possible to identify over forty such definitions, formulated by specialists and presented in official documents. . Their analysis shows that with all the variety of approaches, three main groups of definitions can be distinguished:

1. An electronic document is a machine-readable document, a document on a machine medium;

2. An electronic document is a special type of document;

3. An electronic document is an electronic form;

Despite the massive use of the term "electronic document" in the literature and practice, as well as its consolidation by law, the definition has not yet been settled. An example of this is the data of a survey of practical archivists conducted within the framework of the VNIIDAD research topic “Documentary and archival problems of electronic documents”. These data are of great independent interest for research. At the same time, they testify to the lack of general ideas about the subject of the survey in archival institutions, which is an indicator of the instability, terminological uncertainty of the concept of "electronic document". In a recently published work of specialists in corporate information systems, it is also noted that an electronic document is “a document whose carrier is an electronic medium - a magnetic disk, magnetic tape, compact disc, etc.” .

According to A.P. Kurilo, an electronic document is presented as "in a certain way, an organizational ensemble of special symbols, codes and electrical signals corresponding to each other, which exists only in a telecommunications computing environment, is physically intangible and is inaccessible to a person if he does not use special equipment." For an electronic document, according to A.P. Kuril, unlike paper, lacks its second most important component - a material carrier that is in strict accordance with the information contained on it

Such an understanding reflects only the physical technical specification electronic document, leaving outside what interests the document specialist and any practical office worker - the goals, objectives, and functions of the document.

You can also consider another definition of an electronic document. S.I. Semiletov understands it as “a written document, made either in the form of an objective form of recording a digital machine code on a material carrier that is part of electronic technical means, or in the form of a physical field of various kinds of signals (electromagnetic, electrical, optical and acoustic) transmitted over a telecommunications channel in time and space. In this definition, the positive thing is that the author does not take his own document beyond the definition, but only modernizes the definition of a material information carrier.

The last point of view on the definition of an electronic document belongs to M.N. Kostomarov, who believes that the term “electronic form of a document” most accurately reflects the essence of this new phenomenon, and “electronic document” is just an intermediate state, a temporary form of storing the elements that make up a document in computer memory.

So, the text analyzes the concept of "electronic document". It shows that the following components can be distinguished in them: this is information fixed in a certain way on a carrier with the possibility of its identification; electronic documents perform the same functions and have the same significance as traditional documents; electronic documents have their own physical and logical structure.

It also follows from the above that there is still no exact concept of "electronic document". Along with the traditional document, the "electronic document" has a number of features: the massive use of new information technologies; electronic digital signature; lack of rigid binding to the carrier; sending documents to the electronic archive immediately upon completion of work with them in office work.

1.2 Formats of electronic documents

“First of all, we note that documents have physical and technical formats. The physical format means the form of existence of a document in nature: paper, electronic, etc. In the case of electronic documents, the technical format means the file format of an electronic document. .

There are many different file formats. In general, they can be divided into "single-program", that is, controlled and supported by only one software developer, and "multi-program", which are supported by several developers and can be processed by different programs.

We list the main formats (see table 1):

1. Text formats. They are most often created using word processors. The most common text formats are: single program formats Microsoft Word and WordPerfect.; RTF (Rich Text Format) format, which is supported by various software applications and at the same time retains the specified text formatting; PDF (Portable Document Format), which contains an image of a page that includes text and graphics. PDF files can be read with various read-only programs, but are only created with Adobe Acrobat.

2. Graphic formats. They store an image (for example, a photograph, a drawing) and are divided into two main types:

Vector formats that store an image as a set of geometric shapes. Among them, the most common are:

DXF format (Drawing Interchange Format), widely used in programs computer design used by engineers, architects,

The EPS (Encapsulated PostScropt) format, widely used in desktop publishing,

CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) format, widely used in many graphic editors (for example, in the Photoshop editor).

Raster formats that store an image as a set of dots - pixels. When you change the image scale, bitmap graphics get distorted. The most common raster formats are:

The BMP (Bitmap) format is a relatively low-quality format most commonly used in word processors;

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), widely used in many software applications;

GIF (Graphics interchange Format) format, widely used in programs designed for the Internet.

3. Database formats are created using special software - database management systems (DBMS). The DBMS allows you to establish links between the elements of information in the database, to perform various operations with database information (search, indexing, performing various mathematical operations, generating reports and references, etc.). Examples of DBMS are Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, IBM DB2, Sybase, etc.

For example, a customer database might contain fields for customer names, addresses, and purchase details. These fields can be organized into separate tables (for example, one table for all customer name fields).

Databases can be converted to text format, but the links between fields and tables will be lost (for example, you might end up with ten pages of names, ten pages of addresses, and a thousand pages of purchase details, that is, incoherent information).

4. Formats spreadsheets. Spreadsheet files store numbers and relationships between these numbers in cells.

For example, one cell might contain a formula that sums data from two other cells. Like database files, spreadsheet files are usually in the format of the program they were created with. Some programs can import and export data from other sources, including programs designed for such data exchange (for example, the DIF (Data Interchange Format) format). Spreadsheet files can be converted to text files, but the values and relationships between numbers will be lost.

5. Video and audio formats. These formats contain moving images (eg, digital video, animation) and audio data, which are most often created and viewed with their respective programs and stored in a single program format. The most used of these are the QuickTime and MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) formats.

6. Markup languages, also called markup formats, contain built-in instructions for displaying and understanding file content. These include:

SGML (Standart Generalized Markup Language), which is used in many countries around the world in government bodies and is an international standard;

· HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which is used to display almost all information on the WorldWideWeb;

· XML (Extensible Markup language) is a relatively simple language based on SGML and has become popular for managing and exchanging information.

Table 1. Most common file formats.


Format type	Basic formats	File examples	Description
Text formats Vector graphics	PDF, RTF, TXT, single program formats (e.g. Microsoft Word, Word Perfect) DXF, EPS, CGM	Correspondence, reports, notes, messages Email saved in text format. Architectural plans, complex illustrations	Created or saved as text (may include graphics) Store image as geometric shapes
Raster graphics	TIFF, BMP, GIF, JPEG	Web page graphics, simple illustrations, photos	Store an image as a set of pixels. When zooming, the image is distorted
Database files	Single program formats	Address books, mailing lists	Created in database management systems
Spreadsheet formats Video and audio formats	Single Program Formats, DIF QuickTime, MPEG	The financial analysis, statistical calculations Short videos displayed on the website, interview recordings	Store numerical values and calculations Contain moving images and sound
Markup languages	SGML, HTML, XML	Text and graphics placed on the website	Contains built-in instructions for displaying and understanding the contents of a file or multiple files

“Each of the file formats has its advantages and disadvantages when used in documentation support management. For example, text formats (World Perfect, Microsoft Word, RTF, etc.) are convenient for contextual search of documents in a database, while graphic formats (PDF, TIFF, etc.) allow you to scan an image of a document with all its external features, keep documents in the same form as on paper, with all signatures and visas.

The MS Word format, for example, is very convenient when editing a document and working with it in groups, however, an MS Word file stores a lot of hidden information (primarily about changes made to the file) and, therefore, is very unsafe from the point of view of service information leakage. In some cases, such as, for example, offer or a draft contract, hidden information allows you to establish what the initial assumptions were, who had the greatest influence on the text. When preparing a document in groups, the analysis of editing makes it possible to find out not only the names of the people who made it, but also who exactly contributed to the final version. .

"In Russia federal authorities executive authorities independently establish formats for certain types of electronic documents used in interaction with other organizations and citizens. For example, according to the requirements of the Federal Market Commission valuable papers(now - Federal Service on financial markets), files of certain types of documents must be submitted in RTF format. The Ministry of Finance of Russia, in turn, found that the documents statistical reporting are presented by insurance (medical insurance) organizations in the form of a set of text files in XML format.

"The Government of Moscow has established the main formats of electronic documents used in electronic document management." .

An electronic copy of a paper document intended for detailed reproduction of a graphic image is created using raster graphic formats (BMP, JPEG, GIF or PNG) or hybrid text-raster formats (PDF, DjVu).

An electronic original, produced in a semi-automated or automated manner, which implies the preservation of the graphic design of the document with the possibility of text formatting and the introduction of graphic elements, is created using PDF, DOC, RTF, HTML formats.

If, when using an electronic message, it is required to provide a search for the content by keywords, then digital copy A paper document containing information intended for text recognition and saving in a text format is created in a markup format (PDF, DjVu, DOC, RTF, HTML) or plain text format (TXT).

An electronic original, produced in a semi-automated or automated way, which implies the need for automated information integration, is created in the XML file format.

What is special about the XML format? Extensible Markup Language contains not only data, but also carries information that describes this data. It is applicable to any computer application, independent of hardware and operating systems and allows you to transfer large amounts of information without the need for time-consuming transformation of data structures.

The predecessors of XML are the standard common markup language SGML, which was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization as a standard back in the 1980s, and its simplified version, the hypertext markup language HTML.

The XML format has been adopted by the standards bodies of the Internet community, represented by the World Wide Web Consortium and UDDI.org. Currently, Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, as well as a number of small firms in the software industry have quickly switched to using XML in their products and are practically implementing the idea of standardizing XML-based document formats.

The PDF format, created by Adobe Systems Inc., is very popular in document exchange and is widely used for documents on the Internet because it allows you to save the original appearance documents and makes it difficult to make changes to the document. Adobe estimates that half a billion people have already downloaded it. free program PDF viewers, many businesses have adopted this format as the standard for transmitting and storing documents, and many third-party vendors offer PDF-enabled products, some for free.

However, Adobe is under no obligation to provide free access to its software in the future. Moreover, new versions Adobe software files of previous versions are often misrepresented. That's why a modified version of the PDF format has appeared, called PDF-Archive (PDF-A). It is considered abroad as one of the two main formats that can be used in the future for archival storage of electronic documents. The second format is the XML discussed above.

The PDF-A format, like XML, has its advantages and disadvantages in the archival storage of electronic documents. In particular, the PDF-A format is especially suitable for archiving electronic documents because it preserves the appearance of the original paper document. Her convenience was confirmed by the experience of court cases in two of the largest bankruptcies in US history - Enron Corporation and Global Crossing. They created a huge number of PDF documents, and the federal judiciary was faced with the task of preserving and archiving these documents. This was largely the impetus for the development of a draft international standard for archiving PDF documents.

However, the possibilities of using this format in electronic archives limited: for example, the PDF-A format is not suitable for archiving audiovisual documents.

“It should be noted that none of the electronic document file formats can be considered universal for long-term archival storage, since equipment, technologies and software are changing quite quickly. Already today it is not easy to reproduce documents created in AmiPro, Word Perfect word processors on modern equipment. Will it be easy, for example, to use an archival document in MS Word format 97 years from now in 10-15 years?

Most likely, a variety of formats will be preserved. Therefore, archival services are developing regulatory conditions for the archival storage of electronic documents of various formats, primarily the most common PDF

However, at present, great hopes are associated with the use of the XML format as a standard for the exchange of electronic documents in various fields of activity, especially in the field of public administration.

It follows from the foregoing that an electronic document has a variety of formats, but none of the electronic document file formats can be considered universal for long-term archival storage, since equipment, technologies and software are changing quite quickly. The format of the document depends on the scope, the scope of activity of an organization, on legal status document.

workflow editing protection

Informatics lesson on the topic "Electronic Document and File".

Lesson Objectives:

to form a primary idea of the types of memory, to show the distinctive features different types memory;

develop an understanding of the organization of storage of electronic documents in the external memory of a computer;

to instill elementary skills in searching for files and folders;

expand students' understanding of the creation and storage of electronic documents.

Pedagogical tasks of the lesson:

to introduce students to the types of memory and the main characteristics of internal and external memory;

improve the methods of searching for files and folders and master the basic operations with files and folders;

pay attention to the correct use of terminology in student responses

Requirements for the level of mastering the educational material after the completion of the lesson:

have an idea about the purpose of internal and external memory;

know the main differences between internal memory and external memory;

have an idea about the organization of information on external media;

be able to perform basic operations for creating folders for storing documents;

be able to search for folders and documents by name and know how to display files in a folder window.

During the classes.

I. Minutes of entry into the lesson.

Hello guys. Glad to see you. They say that the world is illuminated by the sun, and man by knowledge. I wish you to acquire new knowledge today. We will work with you in groups. Each group has its own commander who will take responsibility for the distribution of responsibilities .

II. Updating of basic knowledge.

In the last lesson, we met with you various types documents. Each group has an envelope with the first task

(Slide 1) You need to parse the contents of the envelope according to the following scheme: the name of the document - the purpose of the document. Run time - 2 minutes. - Time is over. We check the correctness of the execution.

Examination. The commander appoints a responsible person who will be responsible. For each correct answer - 1 point.

The groups take turns answering. The teacher records the results on the blackboard in points.

Well done! You have mastered the topic of the last lesson well.

We reviewed with you the documents that exist in the form of a "hard copy" on paper.

What documents are stored in the computer's memory?

(Electronic Documents)

III. Definition of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Today you will replenish your knowledge about the electronic document.

(Slide 2) - The topic of our lesson is "Electronic document and file." You should get a primary understanding of the types of memory, their distinctive features;

to expand the initial knowledge about the creation and storage of electronic documents.

We will achieve these goals by solving the following tasks:

(Slide 3) Let's study what is the internal and external memory of a computer;

Let's get acquainted with the concept of a file - an electronic document;

Let's create computer folders, electronic documents, give them names.

IV. Learning new material.

(Slide 4) - In the last lesson, we learned that an electronic document is a set of data that is stored in computer memory.

(Slide 4) -What do you think an electronic document can be? Sl. 5 (Drawing, story, any personal document entered into the computer's memory).

(Slide 6) - Where are electronic documents stored? (in computer memory)

Important! When we create an electronic document with a computer, we must store this document in its memory.

Read the textbook material of paragraph 23 (twenty-third) pages 137-138 on computer memory on your own.

Examination.

Name the types of computer memory. (Internal and external memory of the computer). Slide 8

Read what is called internal memory. (read aloud).

And what does the textbook say about the external memory of a computer? (read aloud).

And what modern devices for storing data and programs do you know? (hard magnetic disk, compact discs, flash drives).

The teacher makes a summary.

Computer memory is needed to store data and programs.

Consider once again the main differences between external memory and internal memory.

External memory is designed for long-term storage of information; executable programs and data are stored in internal memory only when the computer is running.

As soon as the computer is turned off or a program is closed, the internal memory is freed up for other programs and data.

That is why electronic documents that the user creates using any programs must be saved in external memory.

Slide 12.-How are electronic documents stored in the external memory of a computer?

Find the answer in the textbook p.138.

Answer. (Electronic documents are stored as files.)

What is a file?

Find the definition in the textbook, page 138 (th)

A file is a set of data that has a name and is stored in the computer's external memory.

Let's repeat the definition for strong memorization. (repeat aloud)

Teacher

Slide 13.- So, when saving an electronic document in external memory, it must be given a name (name).

Slide 14.- Who comes up with the name of the file?

Find the answer to this question in the textbook p.138.

(The file name is provided by programmers or users.)

What is the difference between a user and a programmer? (The user is using computer programs A programmer writes programs for a computer.

The teacher shows folders with documents

What do I have in my hands? (Folders.)

What do you think is in them? (Different documents).

Please note that all folders are signed, that is, they have names (names).

Why do you think all folders are signed? (To quickly find desired document).

Slide 15.- Programmers (people who create programs) have come up with a file storage tool that allows you to sort electronic documents into groups. Such a tool is a computer folder, which performs the same role as a real folder for storing paper documents.

If you sort documents into different computer folders and give these folders the appropriate names, then it will be easier for the user to find the desired picture or text that he created a long time ago.

Slide 16 (Consider a computer folder) You see that the computer folder contains other folders called subfolders and various electronic documents, all folders and documents have names.

Fizminutka Conducted by the student

V. Computer workshop.

Now we will take places at the computer, we will have a small research work, upon completion of which we draw conclusions

They took their places. Watch your posture while doing computer work.

We will work according to the following algorithm,

1. On the desktop, right-click - create a folder.

Let's give a name - Mathematics

The second student does the same task.

On the desktop, right-click - create folder.

Let's give a name - Russian language

2.Open the folder named Mathematics. Let's create WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson

Open a folder named Russian language. Let's create a WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson

What did you notice? (that we created files with the same names in different folders)

Let's open the folder named Mathematics again. Let's create another WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson

What does the computer say?

If such a document already exists, you must specify a new name.

Let's draw a conclusion

(slide 18) In one folder, the file names should be different. There can be files with the same name in different folders).

Let's go back to our workplace.

Physical break. Conducted by a student.

VI. Primary assimilation of the studied material.

Slide 19. Let's look at the objectives of the lesson. Have we covered all the questions? (Everything)

Let's check how you learned the new knowledge gained in the lesson.

To do this, I suggest that you complete practical task number 2. . Time is limited. (Perform task).

Mutual verification. Let's check the assignments.

The first group passes its task to the second group, the second to the third, the third to the first.

An electronic textbook will help us check how you coped with the task. We check. We give points.

No errors - 5 points

1 mistake -4 points

2 mistakes - 3 points

3 or more mistakes - 2 points

We return tests by groups. Record the results on the board.

We will consolidate the knowledge gained by doing the work individually: I distribute the students to work on the computer according to the cards, the rest of the guys do the work in workbooks.

Fizminutka: conducted by the student.

VII Filling in the student's achievement card in the lesson

Now I suggest that you give yourself grades for the lesson, for this you need to fill out a student achievement card in the lesson.

Map of student achievements in the lesson

Last name, first name ______________________________________________________

	Number of points

Did I complete the task correctly on the computer (everything is correct - 1 point, with errors - 0 points)
Can I name the main differences between internal memory and external memory? (everything is correct - 1 point, with errors - 0 points)
Can I answer the question "What is a file?" (everything is correct - 1 point, with errors - 0 points)
Calculate your total points
Rate your lesson 4 points - score 5 3 points - score 4 2 points - score - 3

VIII. The teacher assigns grades for the lesson. Today we were active in the lesson, gave complete and accurate answers to the questions posed, accurately completed tasks on the computer .......

He asks the guys if my assessment coincided with yours. For everyone else, I will give grades by checking the work done on the computer and in workbooks.

Slide 20. IX. Homework

Slide 21.X. Summarizing.

Thank you for your work in class. Let's thank each other for cooperation. Submit your diaries for marking. The lesson is over.

Name
document

Lesson topic. Electronic document and file.

The objectives of the lesson: to form a primary idea of the types of memory, to show the distinctive features of different types of memory;
Expand the initial knowledge about the creation and storage of electronic documents;

Lesson objectives. An electronic document is a set of data that is stored in a computer's memory.

What can be an electronic document?

Electronic documents Where are electronic documents stored?

Electronic documents are stored in computer memory.
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER!
When we create an electronic document with a computer, we must store this document in its memory.

§ 23, pp. 137-138 about computer memory TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY

COMPUTER MEMORY

INTERNAL

EXTERNAL

Modern "disk storage"

Computer memory is needed to store data and programs.

The difference between external memory and internal

External memory is designed for long-term storage of information,
internal memory stores executable programs and data only while the computer is running.

As soon as the computer is turned off or a program is closed, the internal memory is freed up for other programs and data. That is why electronic documents that the user creates using any programs must be saved in external memory. How are electronic documents stored in the external memory of a computer? Page 138

Electronic documents are stored as files
What is a file?
A file is a set of data stored in the external memory of a computer and having a name.

This means that when saving an electronic document in external memory, it must be given a name (name). Who comes up with the file name? Page 138

The name of the file comes up with programmers or users
What is the difference between a user and a programmer?
The user uses computer programs, the programmer writes programs for the computer

Programmers (people who create programs) have come up with a file storage tool that allows you to organize electronic documents into groups. Such a tool is a computer folder, which performs the same role as a real folder for storing paper documents.
If you sort documents into different computer folders and give these folders the appropriate names, then it will be easier for the user to find the desired picture or text that he created a long time ago.

Folder Research work

1. On the desktop, right-click - create a folder. Let's give a name - Mathematics
On the desktop, right-click - create folder. Let's give a name - Russian language
2.Open the folder named Mathematics. Let's create a WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson
Open a folder named Russian language. Let's create a WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson
Let's conclude: we created files with the same names in different folders

Research

Let's open the folder named Mathematics again. Let's create another WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson
What does the computer say?
Let's conclude: in the same folder, the names of the files must be different.

Lesson objectives.

We will study what is the internal and external memory of a computer;
Let's get acquainted with the concept of a file - an electronic document;
Let's create computer folders, electronic documents, give them names.

Homework

§23, know p. 141, R.T. § 23 optional

Summarizing

Thank you for your work in class.
Let's thank each other for cooperation.

Informatics lesson on the topic "Electronic Document and File".

Lesson Objectives:

to form a primary idea of the types of memory, to show the distinctive features of different types of memory;

develop an understanding of the organization of storage of electronic documents in the external memory of a computer;

to instill elementary skills in searching for files and folders;

expand students' understanding of the creation and storage of electronic documents.

Pedagogical tasks of the lesson:

to introduce students to the types of memory and the main characteristics of internal and external memory;
improve the methods of searching for files and folders and master the basic operations with files and folders;
pay attention to the correct use of terminology in student responses

Requirements for the level of mastering the educational material after the completion of the lesson:

have an idea about the purpose of internal and external memory;
know the main differences between internal memory and external memory;
have an idea about the organization of information on external media;
be able to perform basic operations for creating folders for storing documents;
be able to search for folders and documents by name and know how to display files in a folder window.

During the classes.

I. Minutes of entry into the lesson.

II. Updating of basic knowledge.

In the last lesson, we got to know you with different types of documents. Each group has an envelope with the first task

Examination. The commander appoints a responsible person who will be responsible. For each correct answer - 1 point.

The groups take turns answering. The teacher records the results on the blackboard in points.

Well done! You have mastered the topic of the last lesson well.

We reviewed with you the documents that exist in the form of a "hard copy" on paper.

What documents are stored in the computer's memory?

(Electronic Documents)

III. Definition of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Today you will replenish your knowledge about the electronic document.

(Slide 2) - The topic of our lesson is "Electronic document and file." You should get a primary understanding of the types of memory, their distinctive features;

to expand the initial knowledge about the creation and storage of electronic documents.

We will achieve these goals by solving the following tasks:

(Slide 3) Let's study what is the internal and external memory of a computer;

Let's get acquainted with the concept of a file - an electronic document;

Let's create computer folders, electronic documents, give them names.

IV. Learning new material.

(Slide 4) - In the last lesson, we learned that an electronic document is a set of data that is stored in computer memory.

(Slide 4) -What do you think an electronic document can be? Sl. 5 (Drawing, story, any personal document entered into the computer's memory).

(Slide 6) - Where are electronic documents stored? (in computer memory)

Teacher

Important! When we create an electronic document with a computer, we must store this document in its memory.

Slide 7

Read the textbook material of paragraph 23 (twenty-third) pages 137-138 on computer memory on your own.

Examination.

Name the types of computer memory. (Internal and external memory of the computer). Slide 8

Read what is called internal memory. (read aloud).

And what does the textbook say about the external memory of a computer? (read aloud).

And what modern devices for storing data and programs do you know? (hard magnetic disk, compact discs, flash drives).

(slide 9)

The teacher makes a summary.

Computer memory is needed to store data and programs.

(slide 10)

Consider once again the main differences between external memory and internal memory.

External memory is designed for long-term storage of information; executable programs and data are stored in internal memory only when the computer is running.

(slide 11)

As soon as the computer is turned off or a program is closed, the internal memory is freed up for other programs and data.

That is why electronic documents that the user creates using any programs must be saved in external memory.

Slide 12.-How are electronic documents stored in the external memory of a computer?

Find the answer in the textbook p.138.

Answer. (Electronic documents are stored as files.)

What is a file?

Find the definition in the textbook, page 138 (th)

A file is a set of data that has a name and is stored in the computer's external memory.

Let's repeat the definition for strong memorization. (repeat aloud)

Teacher

Slide 13.- So, when saving an electronic document in external memory, it must be given a name (name).

Slide 14.- Who comes up with the name of the file?

Find the answer to this question in the textbook p.138.

(The file name is provided by programmers or users.)

What is the difference between a user and a programmer? (The user uses computer programs, the programmer writes programs for the computer.)

The teacher shows folders with documents

What do I have in my hands? (Folders.)

What do you think is in them? (Different documents).

Please note that all folders are signed, that is, they have names (names).

Why do you think all folders are signed? (To quickly find the desired document).

Slide 16 (Consider a computer folder) You see that the computer folder contains other folders called subfolders and various electronic documents, all folders and documents have names.

Fizminutka Conducted by the student

V. Computer workshop.

Now we will take places at the computer, we will carry out a small research work, after which we will draw conclusions

They took their places. Watch your posture while doing computer work.

We will work according to the following algorithm,

(slide 17)

1. On the desktop, right-click - create a folder.

Let's give a name - Mathematics

The second student does the same task.

On the desktop, right-click - create folder.

Let's give a name - Russian language

2.Open the folder named Mathematics. Let's create a WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson

Open a folder named Russian language. Let's create a WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson

Output:

What did you notice? (that we created files with the same names in different folders)

Let's open the folder named Mathematics again. Let's create another WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson

What does the computer say?

If such a document already exists, you must specify a new name.

Let's draw a conclusion

(slide 18) In one folder, the file names should be different. There can be files with the same name in different folders).

Let's go back to our workplace.

Physical break. Conducted by a student.

VI. Primary assimilation of the studied material.

Slide 19. Let's look at the objectives of the lesson. Have we covered all the questions? (Everything)

Let's check how you learned the new knowledge gained in the lesson.

To do this, I suggest that you complete practical task number 2. . Time is limited. (Perform task).

Mutual verification. Let's check the assignments.

The first group passes its task to the second group, the second to the third, the third to the first.

An electronic textbook will help us check how you coped with the task. We check. We give points.

No errors - 5 points

1 mistake -4 points

2 mistakes - 3 points

3 or more mistakes - 2 points

We return tests by groups. Record the results on the board.

We will consolidate the knowledge gained by doing the work individually: I distribute the students to work on the computer according to the cards, the rest of the guys do the work in workbooks.

Fizminutka: conducted by the student.

VII Filling in the student's achievement card in the lesson

Now I suggest that you give yourself grades for the lesson, for this you need to fill out a student achievement card in the lesson.

Map of student achievements in the lesson

Last name, first name ______________________________________________________

	Number of points

Did I complete the task correctly on the computer (everything is correct - 1 point, with errors - 0 points)
Can I name the main differences between internal memory and external memory? (everything is correct - 1 point, with errors - 0 points)
Can I answer the question "What is a file?" (everything is correct - 1 point, with errors - 0 points)
Calculate your total points
Rate your lesson 4 points - score 5 3 points - score 4 2 points - score - 3

VIII. The teacher assigns grades for the lesson. Today we were active in the lesson, gave complete and accurate answers to the questions posed, accurately completed tasks on the computer .......

He asks the guys if my assessment coincided with yours. For everyone else, I will give grades by checking the work done on the computer and in workbooks.

Slide 20. IX. Homework

Slide 21.X. Summarizing.

Thank you for your work in class. Let's thank each other for cooperation. Submit your diaries for marking. The lesson is over.

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Slides captions:

Purpose of the document Name of the document

Lesson topic. Electronic document and file. The objectives of the lesson: to form a primary idea of the types of memory, to show the distinctive features of different types of memory; Expand the initial knowledge about the creation and storage of electronic documents;

An electronic document is a set of data that is stored in a computer's memory. What can be an electronic document?

Electronic Documents

Where are electronic documents stored? Electronic documents are stored in computer memory. IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER! When we create an electronic document with a computer, we must store this document in its memory.

§ 23, pp. 137-138 on computer memory

TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY COMPUTER MEMORY INTERNAL EXTERNAL

Modern "disk storage" Computer memory is essential for storing data and programs.

The difference between external memory and internal memory External memory is designed for long-term storage of information; in internal memory, executable programs and data are stored only when the computer is running.

How are electronic documents stored in the external memory of a computer? Page 138 Electronic documents are stored as files What is a file? A file is a set of data stored in the external memory of a computer and having a name.

This means that when saving an electronic document in external memory, it must be given a name (name).

Who comes up with the file name? P.138 Programmers or users come up with a file name What is the difference between a user and a programmer? The user uses computer programs, the programmer writes programs for the computer

Programmers (people who create programs) have come up with a file storage tool that allows you to organize electronic documents into groups. Such a tool is a computer folder, which performs the same role as a real folder for storing paper documents. If you sort documents into different computer folders and give these folders the appropriate names, then it will be easier for the user to find the desired picture or text that he created a long time ago.

Research work 1. On the desktop, right-click - create a folder. Let's give a name - Math On the desktop, right-click - create folder. Let's give a name - Russian language 2. Open the folder with the name Mathematics. Let's create a WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson Let's open a folder called Russian language. Let's create a WORD document. Let's give a name - Lesson Let's conclude: we created files with the same names in different folders

Research work Let's open the folder named Mathematics again. Let's create another WORD document. Let's Give a Name - Lesson What does the computer say? Let's conclude: in the same folder, the names of the files must be different.

Lesson objectives. We will study what is the internal and external memory of a computer; Let's get acquainted with the concept of a file - an electronic document; Let's create computer folders, electronic documents, give them names.

Homework §23, know p. 141, R.T. § 23 optional

Summing up Thank you for your work in the lesson. Let's thank each other for cooperation.

An electronic document is documented information presented in electronic form, that is, in a form suitable for human perception using electronic computers, as well as for transmission over information and telecommunication networks or processing in information systems(Clause 11.1, Article 2 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ "On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection").

According to the definition presented in paragraph 3.1 "GOST R 7.0.8-2013. National standard Russian Federation. System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Office work and archiving. Terms and definitions" (approved by the Order of Rosstandart of October 17, 2013 No. 1185-st), an electronic document is a document whose information is presented in electronic form.

At the same time, an electronic document is characterized by:

authenticity - a property of an electronic document that guarantees that an electronic document is identical to the declared one;
reliability - the property of an electronic document, in which the content of an electronic document is a complete and accurate representation of the confirmed transactions, activities or facts and which can be trusted in subsequent operations or in subsequent activities;
integrity - the state of an electronic document in which no changes were made after its creation;
suitability for use - a property of an electronic document that allows it to be localized and reproduced at any time.

Based on this, we can conclude that an electronic document is any document that is presented in electronic form, including a scanned image of a document, a file typed in text editor, etc.

At the same time, electronic documents can be formalized, i.e. compiled in such a way that allows using software tools to recognize their content, and unformalized (for example, a scanned copy).

As part of the exchange of electronic documents, the parties can use both formalized documents and non-formalized ones. The exception is cases where the legislation has approved a mandatory format for the exchange of a specific document (for example, the format of an invoice). But if the document is not formalized, its acceptance and recognition is possible only with the participation of a person.

In order to exchange documents in electronic form without human participation in recognizing the text of these documents, it is necessary to draw up all documents in a formalized form, i.e. in a format that can be used by the software of all participants in the exchange.

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