The cruiser "Aurora": where the famous ship fought. What ships are the best in World of Warships? What cruiser is better

The cruiser is a class of combat supervision vessels that can perform various tasks offline, regardless of the main flotilla. Recently, this was supplanted by the combined parts of the fleet consisting of several units, and the courts focused on a specific type of operation (mainly to complex resistance to air, terrestrial and marine species Equipment of the enemy). Currently, cruisers are used by the Navy of Russia, USA and Peru.

general information

The development of the military fleet began with the time of the Russian Empire. Other countries in this regard also tried to keep up. This is especially true for the USA, France, Germany, Japan and the UK. The cruiser is one of the components of the links of the army, which ensures the sovereignty of the state and protect him from the opponent's encroachment. The vessel of the flotilla not only ensure the control of the water border, but also support its land.

There are many tasks to the Navy. Among them:

Ensuring the security of the country.
Support for various humanitarian and research campaigns that do not contradict the interests of the state.
Conducting internal and joint exercises.

Due to such a different focus, ships are divided into ranks depending on their main purpose. Classes of ships, in turn, are divided into subcategories. The difference between them is the type of power plant, displacement, purpose, the presence of additional features. Russia provides four rank of ships, the highest of which is considered the first. Consider first features brief characteristics And the purpose of cruisers.

Historical moments

The concept of a "cruiser" in extension included in the seventeenth century. Under this term, in those days, an autonomous active swimming agent was meant. The name was more aimed at determining the purpose of the ship, rather than its device. The vessels themselves were small, possessed at high speed and maneuverability. They were used for intelligence, transmission of information, individual action in the protection of territories and combat conflicts.

Already in the 18th century, the cruiser is the frigate, which, along with compact dimensions, has high speed. It houses artillery weapons. Also, this category includes corvetics, brigal, boat and some more modifications of swimming agents.

Linear cruiser: Basics

Such vessels belong to the category of heavy surface ships. Their appearance was the result of a special maritime conference held in Washington. Representatives of British having a powerful, efficient and very expensive analogues of the "Hawkins", after an attempt to change the parameters of cruisers from representatives of the Conference insisted on the adoption of certain restrictions on this issue. As a result, the requirements for linear cruisers included maximum displacement of up to 10 tons and weapons caliber not more than 203 millimeters.

In 1936, a new agreement was signed with the participation of the United States, Great Britain and France. According to him, the construction of heavy ships was forbidden until 1942. In this regard, the linear cruiser began to have weakened weapons, reduced displacement and a smaller price. Preferably, this refers to the samples of the type "York", "County" and "Surrey".

They tried to build similar ships and the artillery armament of the caliber of 305 millimeters was able to be taken to the Kronstadt vessel, and also equipped with reinforced armor. Two cruisers were laid in 1939, however, with the beginning of the war, their construction was suspended.

Atomic

The atomic cruiser in the USSR was represented by four units of Project No. 58 ("Grozny"). They were laid as destroyers, but in 1977 they were retracted to missile courts. In addition, in the period from 1970 to 1990, six were developed atomic icebreakers "Arctic", most of which remained in the project were either partially converted to other types.

The cruiser "Glory" became one of the ships that were obtained by limited mass production. One copy was raised for about four years. The new generation of the Soviet fleet is intended for maneuvers in open ocean waters. Their main purpose is the confrontation of shock aircraft carriers, amphibious technique, fighting of various types convoys and force support on land and water.

Characteristics that have a combat superwater ship "Glory":

length / width / sediment - 187/19 / 7.5 meters;
power plant - gas turbine engines;
the ship is equipped with a platform for placement of the "Surface surface" category launchers;
armament - aerial artillery, torpedoes against submarines, anti-aircraft installations and machine guns, the possibility of basing a military helicopter.

Light modifications

A light cruiser caused an increase in interest in the early thirties of the last century. There were several reasons for it:

It was easier to comply with interstate agreements on the armed equipment of the vessel.
The ship has become a maneuvering and faster, which made it possible to use it for highly specialized tasks.
The cost of building one unit has decreased significantly.

Military fleet Soviet Union Replenished with project cruisers 26. Ships are constructed with the participation of Italian specialists, differ in powerful weapons and good speed. The disadvantages include small navigation range, low booking and weak seaworthiness. In the forties of the twentieth century, several cruisers of the project 68 were created on the basis of these prototypes, distinguished by enhanced protective and seaworthy indicators.

Ships of the Navy of Russia

The modern fleet of Russia is a reliable developing industry. In 2014, the Navy received five new ships, three submarines and several dozen boats of various purposes. In addition, projects with rocket strategic weapons are being developed and created.

The basis of the surface strength includes:

destination;
combat cruisers;
military destroyers, as well as a variety of modifications of boats, support and support tools.

In addition, the fleet will be replenished with upgraded backup units. Among them are two dozen submarines, anti-submarine ships and destroyers.

What will upgrade undergo?

It is planned to improve the brand "Admiral Kuznetsov". He will be dismantled by the launchers "Granite", which will increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe aircraft hangar to 4500 square meters. Armament will increase by anti-aircraft complexes using medium-range charges.

Also, modernization will be subjected to ships, named after Admirals: "Nakhimov", "Ushakov", "Lazarev". "Peter Great" is a cruiser heavy typewhich is also planned to transform by 2020. Updates will mainly affect the installation of the newest armed, intelligence and radar systems.

In addition, the plans for improvement are the boats of projects No. 877, 971, 945 ("Haltus", "Pike", "Barracuda", "Condor"). Presumably, they will be equipped with modern aircraft complexes and rockets. By and large, it will be universal combat vessels focused on confrontation with ground, air and seasy forces enemy.

Ship "Vasily Bykov"

The types of cruisers of this series are designed to patrol the economic zone, the protection of the territorial water border, protection against pirated invasions, environmental monitoring, as well as salvation and search for affected ships. In addition, this cruiser is able to perform the following tasks:

Protect and accompany trade or military vessels.
Perform a patrol and rescue mission.
Used as a means of medical support.

In the next five years, 12 modifications are expected. This cruiser is a ship, which is named after the Hero of the USSR, Council Admiral V. Bykov.

Perspectives

The design of the progressive aircraft carrier was started in 2005. According to the plans, the ship in 2017 was supposed to occupy a place in Northern Fleet RF. However, in the construction process, the conditions and requirements were regularly changed, which led to a delaying process. In 2013, the layout was demonstrated submitted by the Krylov State Scientific Center and the Nevsky PKB.

Designers were announced on the existence of three projects, the price of each of which, after incarnation, will be about 130 billion rubles. The estimated period of construction of the samples is 10 years.

New ships will have the following features:

Have a displacement of at least 80 thousand tons.
To be equipped with four catapulines and a pair of springboard.
Equipped with several lifts.
Be able to accommodate several amphibious machinery, as well as assault helicopters.

In addition, these ships are planned to establish a radar complex similar to an improved analogue of Mars-Passat, as well as accompanying systems and other types of radar.

The history of cruisers shows that these vessels are claimed on the fleet for several centuries. Modern ships can perform a variety of military tasks, as well as provide substantial assistance to eliminate disasters and accidents.

The Russian fleet, despite all the difficulties, remains on leading positions among the Navy of the world powers. It is planned to create the newest vessels with the highest characteristics. Many project parameters are kept secret. However, it is known that there are several modifications in the development. Among them:

Watchdow vessel for distant marine spaces (Project No. 11356).
The newest frigates for the Black Sea.
Esminets "Leader".
Aircraft carrier on the project of the CCNC MVMS-2013.

All development is equipped with the equipment and weapons of the last generation, they can compete on equal foot with the most well-known foreign analogues.

As well as a number of other types of ships.

First steam cruisers

In the middle of the XIX century, cruising functions began to perform sailing ships of various types: frigates, corvettes, boat, clips.

US Navy "Kersarge", who put a point in the quarry "Alabama".

A significant impetus to the development of cruising class ships gave civil war in the United States 1861-1865. Confederation of the Southern States, without having a large fleet, in the fight against the sea made a bet on the actions of sailing and steam raiders. The confederation for the first time began to formally apply the term "cruiser", although he still united ships for its intended purpose, and not on the design. Although they were actually a bit, they managed to capture more than 200 merchant ships. Especially distinguished Raiders "Florida" (English. Florida.), who captured 38 ships and "Alabama" (eng. Alabama.), on the account of which there were 69 prizes and the acceleration of the enemy canoner boat "Gaterras" (English. Hatteras.). The two-year-old epic "Alabama" broke off on July 19, 1864, when it was surrounded by the Kersarge Sluts (Eng. Kearsarge.) In a fierce battle near French port of Cherbourg. Impressed and the number of forces involved against the raiders. So, for those who acted until the end of the war of the Rider "Shenando" (eng. Shenandoah), It chased to 100 enemy ships.

The success of Raiders Yuzhan spawned and imitated by the enemy. Already after the end of the war, the American fleet replenished the frigates of the type "Vampanoa" (English. Wampanoag), To which the task of combating British shipping in the event of a military conflict. The ships were very high-speed, the head even put the world speed record - 17.75 knots, but in general were considered unsuccessful. The wooden housing was too harlot, the cars had a bitten weight, and the diving range under the pairs left much to be desired.

British Freges "Shah" is a typical shipping aircraft of the 1870s, which carried out cruising functions.

In Russia, the first steam courts that performed cruising functions were built in Arkhangelsk screw clipper "Robber", "Dzhigit", "Plastun", "Arrows", "Okrichnik" and "Rider" (1855-1857), as well as armored steaming aircraft ( Subsequently renamed to cruisers) "Prince Pozharsky" (1867) and "General Admiral" (1873).

In 1878, the term "cruiser" appeared in British and Russian classifications (although the definitions of cruisers did not coincide: in Russia, the cruiser called an auxiliary unprotected ship). In the US, the first cruisers were built in 1884 "Atlanta" and "Boston". In 1892, reclassification was conducted in the UK and in Russia, as a result of which, in both countries, the cruisers began to include legogencies and unarmented artillery ships with steam engine, Including old shippingopregates and sail-screw corvettes.

Cruiser at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries

Armpet Cruiser

Armored cruiser "Oleg".

Already the first experiments of the use of unarmented cruisers showed their extreme vulnerability. The location of the artillery cellars and power plants below the level of the Waterlinia did not allow them to provide them with any reliable protection, and with the transition from horizontal to vertical steam machines it was generally impossible. However, the requirement is the cheapness of cruisers, and therefore limited displacements did not allow to equip most of the cruisers onboard armor.

Control circuit of the armored cruiser.

As a result, this led to a compromise solution - installation on the cruisers of a special armor deck with a bevels, covered with the car and cellar of ammunition. Additional protection of the sides of the shells provided "coal pits", which constitute part of the body, a layer of coal 2 feet was an exemplary equivalent of 1 inches of steel armor. In the navy of that time, new ships were called "armored" or "protected" ( protected Cruisers). The first representative of the new class was the British "Komos", laid down in 1878. In the future, thanks to the relative cheapness, the armored cruiser began to form the basis of the cruising forces of the majority of sea powers.

Bronnal cruiser

German armor-cruiser "Gneisenau".

The vulnerability of unrelized cruisers pushed Russian shipbuilders to another path. Since in the second half of the XIX century, the Russian marine ministry was passionate about the idea of \u200b\u200bthe cruising war against British shipping, a desire arose to increase the combat stability of Russian raiders in the fight against the numerous cruisers of the likely enemy. In 1875, the Russian Imperial Fleet entered the "General Admiral" frigate, which became the world's first armored cruiser. Unlike armored cruisers, these ships had not only armored deck, but also to reservations in the area of \u200b\u200bWaterlinia.

Initially, only Russian and British fleets developed the type of armored cruiser, but in the 1890s such ships began to build all the leading marine powers. At the same time, it was believed that the armored cruisers were able to supplement, and if necessary, replace the battleship - the main shock force of fleets of the late XIX century.

In wars for the redistribution of the world, which took place at the end of the XIX-early XX centuries, the armored cruisers played quite important role And they showed themselves very well. In particular, this applied to Japanese ships that perfectly showed themselves in the battles of the Russian-Japanese war. The inspired admirals of various countries hastily ordered the new cruiser of this class, but it was at that time the armor cruiser suddenly and irrevocably outdated. Successes in the field of engine building, metallurgy and the development of fire control systems led to the appearance of linear cruisers that can easily catch up and destroy any armored cruiser.

In addition, unleyd cruisers continued in the fleets of some countries. Small and weakly armed, they were intended for service that is not related to participation in serious combat actions, for example, to intimidate the population of the colonies or the role of the stationer.

IN war time A number of states used auxiliary cruisers. They were usually armed commercial vessels and were intended to carry a watch or raider actions.

Cruiser in the First World War

Birmingham (United Kingdom) - Typical light cruiser First world.

Progress in shipbuilding and related industries led to significant changes in the Military Engineering. The emergence of steam turbines, which have noticeably the best mass-dimensional characteristics and specific power, as well as the transition to liquid fuel allowed to introduce fundamentally new classes of ships into the combat composition of flots. Although the coup in the naval business is usually associated with dreadnights, large changes occurred in the construction of cruisers. First, new power plants made it possible to equip side armor even relatively small ships, which led to the appearance in the 1910s of light cruisers. Secondly, possessed by the enormous power of the turbine, allowed to start the construction of linear cruisers, which were entrusted with special hopes.

By the beginning of the First World War, the cruiser occupied an important place in the offshore arms system. A large number of tasks were penalted for cruising forces:

Violation of enemy communications;
Fight against enemy raiders;
Maintaining far intelligence in the interests of the Main Fleet Forces;
Support for light strength;
Conducting torpedo-artillery attacks during the general battle;
Blockade actions;
Raid operations.

The largest and most modern cruising forces possessed the United Kingdom due to their dependence on maritime communications and Germany, which gathered these communications to interrupt. At the same time, the dreadnight race led to a situation in which a number of solid marine powers could not pay due attention to the construction of adequate cruising forces. So the United States and France did not have a single modern cruiser until the end of the war.

Cruising forces at the beginning of the First World War

State	Linear cruiser	Bronnal cruiser	Light cruisers	Armpet Cruiser	Note
Austria-Hungary	0	3	3	7
Great Britain	10	34	36	22	plus about 40 old armored cruisers
Hermann Empire	7	9	6	33	plus about 13 old armored cruisers
Italy	0	10	3	9
Russia	0	6	0	8
USA	0	12	6	16
Ottoman Empire	0	0	0	2
France	0	19	0	13
Japan	2	13	3	10

Being relatively numerous and much less valuable combat units rather than the dreadnights, the cruiser was actively used by all the warring parties. The most bright cruising battles of the First World War can include battles at Cape Koronel, Falkland Islands, Gelgoland Bay, Dogger Banks.

Linear cruiser "Ripals" (scheme).

In the last three, the British linear cruisers exceeded themselves. However, in the Etland battle of 1916. They suffered heavy losses due to constructive deficiencies and illiterate tactics, after which the trust in this type of ships fell sharply.

As a blockade force, the English cruisers showed themselves quite successfully. The German cruisers could not, despite individual successes, break the British communications and their usefulness was reduced to the distraction of some enemy forces from the main theater of hostilities.

Mass construction of cruisers during the war was only the United Kingdom and Germany. The British fleet over the years of war was replenished with 4 linear and 42 light cruisers, German - 1 linear, 12 light and 2 armored rooms. In the rest of the countries, cruising forces increased slightly: Japan has built 2 linear cruisers, Austria-Hungary - 1 armored carp. In Russia, in front of the war laid 4 linear cruisers like "Izmail" and 6 light-type "Svetlana", but could not complete any.

Development of class cruisers between world wars

Heavy cruiser

The first generation of heavy cruisers

The emergence of heavy cruisers was the result of the Washington Maritime Conference. During the debates about cruising forces, a proposal for the qualitative restriction of newly built ships of this class has arisen. British, shortly before this, the strongest cruiser type "Hawkins", was extremely unwanted to let these very expensive ships and they, with a benevolent attitude of the United States and Japan, insisted on the adoption of the restrictive characteristics of close to "Hawkins". Thus, the future cruisers had to have water displacement not more than 10,000 tons, and the caliber of artillery should not exceed 203 mm.

Heavy cruiser "Cornwall" like "Kent"

Heavy cruiser "Colber" type "Suffrene"

An even weaker booking was received by the first "Washington" cruiser of France type "Düken", built in two copies. Their defense was limited to the fine armor of artillery cellars, but the speed and seaworthiness corresponded to the highest standards. The next type of french cruisers like "Suffrene" received a noticeably more powerful booking, and it was intensified from the ship to the ship. As a result, all 4 units turned out quite different.

The Italian fleet traditionally made the main rate on the speed, neglected by navigability, a distance and partly by reservation. A pair of Trento cruisers formally considered the most high-speed "Washingtonians" in the world, although their record speed was confirmed in real exploitation.

Heavy cruiser "Pensacola"

US fleet after a long fluctuations between projects of trade advocates and a squadron cruiser chose something average. In armament, they even a few exceeded foreign counterparts, had a high speed and a greater range of swimming, but unsatisfactory protection. In addition, the cruiser of the Pensacola and Northampton types due to the miscalculations of the designers turned out to be unfaded. Fully contractual displacement was used only in the following type - "Portland", which had enhanced booking. In total, the American fleet received 10 heavy cruisers of the first generation.

The Japanese fleet, who considered the heavy cruiser as powerful squadrons, sought to get solid ships, but the minimum possible sizes. As a result, 4 cruisers of the types of "Furutak" and "Aoba" suffered from significant overload, were weaker than any foreign ship of a similar class, had a weak booking, but very powerful torpedo weapons.

The results of the development of heavy cruisers of the first generation were disappointing for military sailors. Without having sufficient experience, the shipbuilders of all countries could not create balanced combat units. The common drawback of all ships was a weak booking. As a result, the cruiser was unsuitable to participate in the battle of the main forces, but it is excessively armed and too expensive to combat communication on communications.

Heavy cruiser "Doychland"

Another unpleasant surprise was the emergence of the German "armadiors" of the type "Doychland", often referred to as "pocket" linkers. Only connected by the restrictions of the Versailles, but not signed by Washington, Germany was able to create a combat units that were inferior to 10,000 tons, led by "Washingtonians" in speed, but had a huge superiority in fire power due to the installation of 283-mm guns.

Second generation of heavy cruisers

Meanwhile, the active diplomatic struggle of leading powers for maritime dominance led to the conclusion in 1930 by the London Sea Treaty. According to his decisions, the number of cruisers with 203-mm artillery, from now in difficulty, was limited to the US number of 18 units, for the United Kingdom 15 and for Japan 12. France and Italy London Agreement did not sign, but a year later, a Roman pact was concluded, which limited the number of heavy cruisers 7 units for each of the fleets. In 1936, a new London Treaty was signed, with the participation of the United States, Great Britain and France. He forbade the construction of heavy cruisers until 1942.

The United Kingdom, who has already had 13 heavy cruisers, was limited to the completed pair of York-type ships. From "County" they distinguished their reduced displacement, weakened weapons, but also an abbreviated value. From the bookmark of improved cruisers like "Surrey" had to be refused.

Hard cruiser "Alzheri"

The French fleet had the opportunity to build only one heavy cruiser. They became "Alzheri", which was considered the most perfect European Class ship. Its main features were a solid booking and excellent anti-pedigurized protection.

Heavy cruiser "Zara"

A good defense was also distinguished by the 4 Italian cruiser like "Zara". Landing the cruisers of other countries in navigability and range and having unbearable speed, these ships were considered the most protected cruisers of the pre-war construction. However, the fighting qualities "ZAZ" decreased sharply due to unsatisfactory artillery. Another heavy cruiser of the Italian fleet was Bolzano, in general, repeated type "Trento". On the test, he managed to establish an absolute speed record for heavy cruisers - 36.81 knots. In real exploitation, the speed turned out to be much smaller.

The US fleet received 7 "New Orleans" cruisers. On these ships, finally, the protection was sharply strengthened, because of which the American command believed them by its first full-fledged cruisers. The further development of the class was the "Wichit" cruiser, built in a single copy, due to the restrictions of the London Treaty. Already after the start of the war in Europe, the US manual ordered the Baltimore series. Developed on the basis of "Wichita", but without limiting water displacement, these cruisers had a powerful booking, and also differed sharply reinforced anti-aircraft artillery. In line, they began to join the Second World War.

Heavy cruiser "Takao"

Japanese maritime guide after failure with the early types of heavy cruisers, decided to build the most strong ships. 4 Möko cruisers and the following "Takao" cruiser followed by them were very armed, possessed high speed and relatively reliable armor protection, but their actual displacement was significantly more negotiable. On this quantitative limit of heavy cruisers was exhausted for the Japanese, but during the construction of light cruisers like "Mogs", it was originally provided for the possibility of replacing 155-mm guns by 203-mm, which was made before the start of the war. The last Japanese heavy cruiser type "tone" was also laid as light, but the system entered already with 203-mm artillery. Their peculiarity was the placement of all heavy guns in the nose, which made it possible to free the feed part for the hydrochane.

In the second half of the 1930s, the Nazi Germany wished the classic hard cruisers. Total crigsmarine replenished 3 cruisers of the "Admiral Hipper" type, and another in unfinished form sold by the USSR. These ships had water displacement noticeably more than 10,000 tons, but did not stand out in best side From the point of view of artillery weapons and armor protection. The advantages of the project treated the perfect fire management system, but there were large drawbacks - the non-defense of the energy installation and the limited range of navigation, which did not allow to effectively use the cruiser as raiders.

In addition to the great sea powers, SPAIN and Argentina were acquired by heavy cruisers, two units each. The Spanish Cruiser of the Canarias type as a whole repeated the British "Kent", Argentine "Almirant Brown" was a reduced version of the Italian Trento.

An attempt to build a heavy cruiser has taken the USSR. In the final version of the Kronstadt cruiser, they were rather linear than hard. Huge ships were supposed to carry a 305 mm caliber artillery and a powerful booking. In 1939, 2 such ships were laid, but with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, their construction stopped.

In general, the heavy cruiser of the second generation turned out to be noticeably more balanced combat units than their predecessors. Special improvement has undergone protection, but this was achieved either by a decrease in other characteristics, or by the method of a tight violation of international treaties.

Light cruisers

Light cruiser "Dujep Troen"

Light cruisers of the 1920s

In the first post-war decade, the construction of light cruisers was given relatively little attention, as the efforts of leading marine powers were concentrated on heavy cruisers. As a result of the receipt of light cruisers in the fleet were limited.

The United Kingdom limited himself to the completion of the type of cruisers such as "D" and "E" . The French fleet, who did not have modern cruisers of the National Construction, received in 1926 three lung cruisers like "Douges Troen". The ships turned out to be excellent walkers and became the first cruisers in the world equipped with an artillery of the main caliber placed in the towers along a linear-elevated scheme. At the same time, armor protection was only symbolic.

The United States, who also did not have modern lung cruisers, built 10 units of the Omaha type in the first half of the 1920s. These very high-speed ships were poorly protected, and their formally powerful artillery was placed on an already obsolete scheme.

Light cruiser "Omaha"

The Japanese fleet developed a very specific type of cruiser - the leader of the fleets of the destroyers. Japanese cruisers of the 1920s differed in high speed, but weak weapons and booking. In -1925, 14 loved ones were built according to the characteristics of cruisers of the types "Kuma", "Nagara" and "Sadei".

Germany, stood with versal restrictions, was forced to build a cruiser with displacement of no more than 6,000 tons and with guns no more than 150 mm. The first German light cruiser of the post-war construction "Emden" was only a slightly improved version of the project of the First World War. Further, Reichsmarine received 3 "k" cruisers. Equipped with tower artillery, they were too weakly protected, and most importantly, they differed extremely low seaworthiness.

"Sedai"

Secondary activity showed the secondary naval powers. The Netherlands completed the 2 cruiser of the "Java" type, which were outdated at the entry into force during the First World War.

Spain led construction of lung cruisers with British help. As a result, the "Navarre" cruiser became an option for British Birmingham, 2 cruisers of the Mendez Nunies type as a whole repeated the British "Caledon", and 3 of the "Prince of Alfonso" type ships - the British type "E".

The British Admiralty has approached the design of the light cruisers of the new generation, started before signing the London Treaty, in the face of severe budget constraints. The new cruiser type "Linder" and their advanced version of Sydney should have had moderate characteristics at an equally moderate price. Nailing and autonomy was focused on, weapons included only 8,152-mm main caliber guns, and the reservation was limited. Alignificant, but also less expensive, the cruiser of the type "Arezuiz" turned out to be the number of instruments of the main caliber decreased by a quarter. These small cruisers were intended for service during squadron. In total, the British fleet received 5 cruisers like "Linder", 3 types "Sydney" and 4 types of "Arejus".

Light cruiser "Belfast".

The news of the bookmark in Japan cruisers like "Mogs" with armament of 15 155-mm guns forced the British sharply raising the combat qualities of new cruisers. In 1934, the construction of a series of 5 ships of the Southampton type ships - large cruisers with weapons from 12,152-mm guns. Their enhanced versions were the Manchester type cruiser, built in the amount of 3 units. The crown of class development in the royal fleet was a pair of cruisers like Belfast. In the same weapon, they were well protected and had reinforced anti-aircraft artillery. However, the cost of cruisers turned out to be very high.

Restrictions on the second London contract forced to press a successful project. So a cruiser type "Fiji" appeared ( COLONY SERIES 1.). With standard displacement, about 8,000 tons, I had to weaken the reservation and limit the 952-mm guns. In order, they began to join during the war.

The United States under the influence of news from Japan began to build a Brooklyn type cruiser, also armed with 15 152-mm implements. In total, the American fleet received 9 cruisers of this type. Already in 1940, the Cleveland type cruisers were launched, ordered in record number - 52 units, although in total 29. By that time, negotiated restrictions lost strength, but for saving time, the project was based on Brooklyn with a reduction in the instruments of the main caliber in favor of universal and anti-aircraft.

The Italian fleet continued to develop a series of "Kondottie". From type to type grew displacement, reservation and armament increased. The last "Condottime" like "Giuseppe Garibaldi" quite fit the best foreign samples, but their artillery still had serious disadvantages. Before the start of the war in the Italian fleet, the idea of \u200b\u200bCruiser Scout was reborn. In 1939, a large series of cruisers type "Captain Romani" - small, weakly armed and almost unarmented, but at a speed of up to 40 knots.

The leadership of Crygsmarine was more fond of hard cruisers. In the 1930s, only 2 cruisers of this class, Leipzig and Nuremberg were built. In terms of its characteristics, they generally did not exceed the "K" cruiser. Especially impossible with navigability.

The Japanese fleet did not attach great importance to light cruisers. Before the war laid only three small series of highly specialized cruisers of the type "Agano", "Oydo", as well as training type "Kature". Their combat power was very limited.

A number of small cruisers were replenished with fleets of the Netherlands and Sweden, and the Swedish cruiser-airport "Gotland" turned out to be a very original, albeit an unsuccessful lung cruiser. Dutch fleet received a single cruiser "de Ryutyter" and a couple of small cruisers like "Trompl".

The USSR Navy received Cruiser projects 26 and 26-bis. Designed with Italian help, they were distinguished by powerful weapons (9,180-mm guns), high speed, but weak booking, low seaworthiness and low swimming range. Before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the fleet received 4 vehicles of these types. In 1940, the construction of the Cruisers of the project 68 with an artillery of a caliber of 152 mm, but noticeably more protected and seaworthy were proceeded. With the beginning of the war, their construction was conserved.

Creiser-mine barrels

Cruiser-Mine Barrier "Ebdiel".

In the Fleets of Great Britain and France received some development class of cruisers-mine barrels. Interest in these ships was associated with successful actions during the First World War of German ships of this class of type "Brummer".

The British were first built in the 1920s experimental cruiser-minzag "Edmenchur". A relatively large ship had a small speed for the cruiser, but it became the first ship of the royal fleet equipped with partially electric energy Installation . In 1939, the British started the construction of the Ebdiel series, only 6 units. Small ships were armed with only universal artillery, but they took on board up to 156 minutes and differed unusual for British ships to the maximum possible speed - more than 39 nodes.

Similar evolution has undergone similar projects of the French fleet. At first, the fleet received a relatively squirrel ship of Pluto, although superior in the speed of his British analogue. Then, in 1935, the cruiser-minzag "Emil Burtin" was commissioned. Leg-protected ship, capable of accepting up to 200 minutes, had a full weapon of a cruiser out of 9,152-mm guns and developed the speed of more than 30 knots on tests.

Flots of other countries of specialized cruisers-mine barrels did not build, but often envisaged the possibility of placing mines on ordinary types of ships.

Cruiser PVA

Cruiser air defense "Atlanta".

The growth of the threat from the air and the restrictions of the second London contract led military seafarers to the idea of \u200b\u200bconstruction of relatively small, but armored cruisers with universal artillery of the main caliber, capable and fighting the air opponent and act as the leaders of the destroyers. In the British fleet, such ships became the "Dido" type cruiser. Total fleet received 16 units of the original project and its improved variant armed with universal 133-mm guns.

The American fleet was replenished with "Atlanta" type with 3-series - a total of 12 units. The main weapons of cruisers were represented by universal 127-mm implements in an amount of from 12 to 16 pieces. As the air defense cruiser was designed and the type "Worcester", laid down at the end of World War II in two copies.

In addition, the air defense cruisers planned to acquire the fleet of Italy and Japan, but the lack of shipbuilding capacity did not allow these intentions to realize these intentions.

Cruiser in World War II

Before the start of war, the main powers - the conflict participants had the following amounts of cruisers as part of their fleets: UK - 65 (18 heavy, 47 lungs), USA - 37 (18 heavy, 19 lungs), France - 19 (7 heavy, 12 lungs), Germany - 11 (6 heavy, 5 lungs), Italy - 20 (7 heavy, 13 lungs), Japan - 38 (18 heavy, 20 lungs), Holland - 4 lungs, USSR - 7 light cruisers.

Baltimore (USA) is possible the most perfect heavy cruiser of the Second World War.

In World War II, the cruiser, which was an important component of fleets, were used very actively. The most bright and characteristic combat clashes with the participation of cruising forces can be attributed to the mercy of La fee on December 13, 1939, the battle in the Yavansky Sea on February 27, 1942, the fight at the Islands of Savo on August 9, 1942, fighting in the area Guadalkanal Islands in September - December 1942 and a number of others.

The construction of new cruisers during the war years was carried out on a large scale in the United States and in the UK. Americans managed to build 47 cruisers before the end of the war - 2 large, 12 heavy and 25 lungs and 8 air defense cruisers. The British acquired 35 cruisers - 19 light and 16 air defense. Japan was limited to the completion of 4 light cruisers, Italy was put into operation 3 cruisers scout.

The beginning of the war has canceled international agreements and made it possible to create truly harmonious and powerful cruisers. American "Baltimore" became the crown of artillery cruisers (English. Baltimore.). In the US, the class of "big" cruisers like "Alaska" appeared (English. Alaska.), But they did not receive further development.

Development of class cruisers in the first post-war period

In the first post-war period, the construction of new cruisers was very limited. The United States and Great Britain and without this have enormous fleets, much superior to any possible enemy. In particular, the American Navy consisted of 83 cruisers, British 62. A severe economic situation affected the shipbuilding programs of other countries, and for defeated and unclear military-political status. Also, the uncertainty associated with the emergence of new means of struggle - nuclear weapons and managed missiles has a great influence on the development of fleets of that time.

The United States in the first post-war period was limited to the completion of a number of cruisers who were in a high degree of combat readiness. 8 heavy cruisers of Baltimore types were commissioned ( Baltimore.), Oregon ( Oregon City.) and de Moines ( Des Moines.), 3 lung cruisers like "Atlanta" ( Atlanta., in 1949 he was reclassified into a dealer cruiser), 1 type "Cleveland" ( Cleveland.), 2 types of Fargo ( Fargo.) and 2 types of "Worcester" ( Worcester.). At the same time, the construction of 23 cruisers was discontinued, and a significant part of the remaining was derived to the reserve. 6 Cleveland cruisers were sold to Latin American countries.

The United Kingdom, which was in a difficult economic situation, became on the path of large-scale reducing the fleet. In 1945-1955, 2 cruiser, Kitai, Kitai, Gomindanovsky were transmitted on a 32 cruiser layer - 1. Construction of 3 tiger cruisers (English. Tiger.) It was frozen.

The French fleet counted 9 cruisers after the war, 2 of them were written off in 1945-1955. Construction of a cruiser "De Grass" ( DE Grasse.), laid back in 1939, it was continued according to a changed project and completed in 1956. The Dutch fleet was by the end of 1945 2 cruisers in combat composition and two more completed in 1950-1953 on a modified project ( De Zeven Provincien.). Italy has found 9 cruisers by 1946. From this quantity, 4, 1 was put on the layer and 4 were transferred on reparations (France - 2, Greece - 1, USSR - 1).

The USSR has placed 8 cruisers by the end of 1945 and two more cruisers were obtained on reparations from Germany and Italy. Two cruisers ("Red Caucasus", "Red Crimea") were written off in 1953. Nevertheless, the cruising forces of the Soviet Navy could count on a great future, since I. V. Stalin was a fan of large ships and dreamed of conducting the cruising war against former allies.

The preliminary version of the first post-war shipbuilding program of the USSR provided, in particular, the construction of 92 cruisers of various types. In view of the explicit inadequacy of such projects, the construction of 34 cruisers - 4 heavy and 30 lungs were planned in the construction of the "large fleet" in 1945-1955. By 1950, they were completed in the adjusted project, embedded before the war cruiser type of Chapaev (project 68K). In 1953-1957, 15 cruisers of the 68-BIS project came into order, another 6 cruisers of this type were commissioned at a high degree of readiness. According to its basic characteristics, they corresponded to American ships of the 1940s. Three heavy cruisers like "Stalingrad" (Project 82) were laid in 1951-52, but in 1953 their construction was discontinued. In addition, the intensive development of new projects of artillery cruisers was carried out.

Rocket cruiser

Crecer USA

With the appearance by the mid-50s suitable for use, the SPK began work on the installation of these systems on combat ships. Originally rocket weapons appeared on re-equipped artillery cruisers. In 1955-56, two "Baltimore" type cruisers were put into operation on which, due to the removal of feed guns, there were two paired launchers of the SERI "Terrier" ( Terrier). In 1957-60. under the rocket complexes "Terrier" and "Talos" ( Talos.) Six cruisers of the "Cleveland" type cruisers were converted, and three more Baltimore cruisers received a combination of Tulos Sprink and Tartar ( Tartar.).

In view of the extremely high cost, the project "Long Beach" has not received development. In the 1960s, the American Navy preferred to build less large cruisers. In 1962-64 9 "Legs" type ships were commissioned ( Leahy.). The atomic version of this project was named Bainbridge ( BainBridge.) And built in a single copy. In 1964-67 The American fleet received 9 slightly larger cruisers like "Belknap" ( Belkna). This type had its atomic version "TRANS" ( Truxtun.), who also remained the only one. Subsequently, they were re-equipped SPK "Standard" ( Standart.) Different modifications.

In 1974-75 There were two atomic cruisers like "California" ( California.) And finally in 1976-80. The construction of 4 nuclear cruisers like "Virginia" is completed ( Virginia.). These series initially armed the SPC "Standard". The main task of American missile cruisers of that time was to ensure air defense air defense. Until 1980, these ships had no anti-relocated missile weapons.

It should be noted that by virtue of the characteristics of the national classification, all American rocket cruisers of a special building before reclassification of 1975 were listed by frigates.

Cruiser of European countries

Rocket cruiser "Colber".

The construction of rocket cruisers in European countries was extremely limited. France in 1972 re-equipped the Kolber cruiser in the rocket with the installation of a paired PU "Masurka". Italy has put into operation two cruisers like "Andrea Doria". As part of the British fleet, 8 lung rocket cruisers of the County type appeared, but most sources classify them as destroyers.

Cruiser of the USSR

The development of the cruising forces of the Soviet Navy imposed a large commencement of N. S. Khrushchev large superwater ships. The first victim of this policy was the unfinished cruisers of the 68-bis project. Attempts to guide the fleet to save 7 unfinished cruisers by re-equiping them in rockets on projects 64, 67, 70 and 71 did not have success. In fact, the cruiser "Dzerzhinsky" was actually re-equipped under the experimental purposes, which received one twisted PU M-2 "Volkhov-M". As for the latest projects of "classic" cruisers - light 84 and heavy 66, these programs were stopped at the stage of sketching design. Also, the design of the nuclear cruiser of the project 63 was also discontinued.

Thus, the only Soviet missile cruisers of a special building in the 60s. The 4 ships of the type "Grozny" (project 58) are laid as destroyers. In addition, in 1977, the rocket cruisers were reclassified by the project (4 units), due to the disadvantages of their anti-submarine weapons. It should be noted that Western military experts ranked to the missile cruisers of the BOD types of 1134-A and 1134-b (only 17 units).

Cruiser-helicoletonians

Cruiser-helichedone "Vittorio Veneto".

The rapid development of the underwater forces after the Second World War caused the need to strengthen the anti-submarine forces. This was particularly important to the beginning of the 60s, when nuclear submarines with ballistic missiles began to go to combat patrol. One of the ways to solve the issue was to enter the combat composition of the fleets of special helicopter ships capable effective search PL at high distance from the shore. The United States, which had a large number of specialized anti-submarine aircraft carriers did not need to build special ships of this type, so the helicopter cruiser appeared in the fleets of European countries and the USSR.

European Cruiser-helicopter

The first ship - the French cruiser "Jeanne D'Ark" became the anti-submarine helicopter Jeanne d'Ark.), entered into operation in 1964 and capable of acting as a landing helicopter and a training ship. In the same year, the Italian fleet received two cruisers like "Kayo Duilio" ( Caio Duilio.), and later their enlarged version of Vittorio Veneto ( Vittorio Veneto.). The latter could take up to 9 anti-submarine helicopters. British fleet in 1964-69. Rebuilt two purely artillery cruisers like "Tiger" ( Tiger.) In the cruiser-helicopter traders who took 4 helicopters. The assessment of this type of ships was so high as future light aircraft carriers of the "Invinsbel" type ( Invincible) Originally, also had to become a helicopter cruisers with an airguard from six heavy machines.

Soviet cruisers-helicopter

The first suggestions for the construction of the cruisers-helicopters were nominated in 1958 as attempts to save from cutting almost ready-made cruiser project 68-bis due to their restructuring in the ships of the pole with anti-submarine weapons. However, the sizes of cruisers seemed to the command of the Navy excessive and the development of the project 1123 "Condor" began in 1960 with " pure sheet" The first cruiser of the Moscow project entered into operation in 1967 and turned out to be quite effective for the purposes of the PO due to the presence of 14 anti-submarine helicopters and powerful GAS. The second cruiser "Leningrad" entered the fleet after two years. All his service, the ships were held in the Black Sea Fleet, actually acting in the Waterlife of the Mediterranean Sea. Initially, it was intended to build a series of 12 cruisers of this type, but a sharp increase in the combat capabilities of atomic missile pylons, especially in terms of the range of shooting by ballistic missiles, forced to limit the two ships. The construction of the third cruiser of the project 1123 was canceled in 1968 before the bookmark. Nevertheless, Condoras played an important role in the development of domestic aircraft ships.

Modern cruiser

American cruiser

The newest Cressers of the US Navy are "Tykanderoga" type ships ( Ticonderoga.). The head in the series of 27 units entered service in 1981. Becoming the first ship equipped with a multifunctional weapon system "IJIS" ( Aegis.), sharply raised the possibility of air defense and pro. Starting from the sixth ship of the Bunker Hill series, the cruiser was obtained by installing the vertical MK41 launch for the Standard missiles, Tomahawk ( Tomahawk.) I.

Titonner type rocket cruiser

The cruiser participated in operations against Iraq () and Yugoslavia (1999) as rocket-artillery support ships. In 2004, the first five ships of the series are derived from the combat composition of the fleet. The remaining 22 units since the city are undergoing modernization including the adaptation of ships to new anti-aircraft missiles, the replacement of artillery and electronic equipment.

Presumably since 2016-2019, these cruisers will be replaced by 19-24 new CG (X) ships created on the project Zumwalt. DD (X). At the present moment, the project is at the study stage.

Soviet / Russian cruisers

A kind of visiting card of the Soviet Navy in the last period of its existence was heavy atomic rocket cruisers like "Kirov" (project 1144 "Orlan"). The head ship came into order in the city in and to him were added two more, the last of the stuffy ships came into order after the collapse of the USSR under the name "Peter the Great". These are the largest surveying warships (except aircraft carriers), built after World War II, which gave rise to Western experts to refer to their linear cruisers. On the cruisers, almost the entire nomenclature of modern marine weapons produced by the Soviet MCC was presented, because of which all ships of the series differ significantly among themselves on combat systems.

Each of the four atomic rocket cruisers PF.1144 ("Orlan") had so significant differences in armament that the head "Admiral Ushakov" (former "Kirov") and the last - "Peter Great" (former "Andropov") - it is possible without extinguishing Count with different ships. This practice had and ideological justifications. One of the influential Admirals GUK called this "modernization during construction" and sincerely considered the objective need to introduce the fruit of "scientific and technological progress". However, the fact that, due to such quasi-progressive solutions, the fleet as a result became a "vinegerette" from ships of various projects and "breeding", the highest echelons, apparently not worried much.

In 2007, the sole valid cruiser of this type was "Peter Great". The cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" is on repairing the end of which is scheduled for 2011, "Admiral Lazarev" and "Admiral Ushakov" will be upgraded and adopted in the fleet until 2020.

Regarding the ships of the Eaglan project, there are various opinions, from enthusiastic to sharply critical:

As you can see, the cruiser PR.1144 is purely mechanically and spontaneously turned out (it turned out) Multipurpose. It demanded the adjustment of his tasks (we note that the process is on the principle of the "cart ahead": first the ship "turns out", and then it is inventing tasks). These were supplemented by the demand for the defeat of the NK NK enemy or, more precisely, aircraft carrier shock connections (AUS). But then it never occurred to anyone how to "remove" the solution of a new task with the surviving old one. In the end, it can not even "self-" cruiser who actually actually all the nomenclature of weapons and weapons for the NK (except, perhaps the mino-traly), at the same time romance and drive the enemy plars and romance to AUS. In other words: it's good that the ship is multipurpose, but it is unclear what is good?

The construction of rocket cruisers with a gas turbine power plant was also resumed. It was assumed to build 6 units of the project 1164. From 1979 to 1990 The fleet included three ships like "Glory". The fourth ship of the Admiral Lobov series in 1991 at 75% of readiness passed to the property of Ukraine, renamed "Galicia", then in Ukraine, remains unfinished. Attempts to sell the cruiser of success did not have. The remaining two ships were not laid.

The main appointment of these cruisers was the fight against NATO aircraft compounds with the help of Basalt's anti-develop missiles, due to which they were called "killers of aircraft carriers." As the main anti-aircraft weapon, the cruiser was obtained by the Fort SPC.

Cruising composition of the fleets of the world for 2011

A modern cruiser is an expensive product of shipbuilding, rocket and electronic technologies. Only a few states can afford to afford the ship of this type. Significant cruising forces have only two countries - the USA and Russia. The cruiser of the remaining powers are built in the 50-60s. XX century and already outdated.

The Cruiser of the Fleets of the World for 2007 is the USA - 22 cruisers of URO "Tychondenrog", Russia - 2 heavy atomic rocket cruisers type 1144 (Orlan) and 2 on preservation, 3 rocket cruisers of type 1164, Peru - 1 cruiser-helicopter helicopter "Admiral Grau" ( Admiral Grau) type "de Reuters".

Notes

gramota.ru - the word cruiser
Sakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia cruisers. 1860 - 1910. - Minsk: Harvest, 2006. - P. 51. - (Library of military history). - ISBN 985-13-4080-4
Sakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia cruisers. 1860 - 1910. - P. 48.
Sakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia cruisers. 1860 - 1910. - P. 49.
Sakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia cruisers. 1860 - 1910. - P. 50.
Sakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia cruisers. 1860 - 1910. - P. 52.
Content
Content
Donets A. Heavy cruiser type hawkins. - Vladivostok: Rurik, 2004. - P. 50. - (cruiser of Britain).
Cruiser World War II. Hunters and defenders. - m .: Collection, Jauza, Eksmo, 2007. - P. 9. - (Arsenal Collection). - ISBN 5-699-19130-5
Donets A. Heavy cruiser like "County". Part. 2. - Vladivostok: Rurik, 1999. - P. 53. - ( Martial vehicles peace).
Patney S. V. Dashyan A. V. et al. Cruiser World War II. Hunters and defenders. - P. 10.
Malov A. A. Patney S. V. Heavy Creiser Trento, "Trieste" and "Bolzano" // Sea company. - 2007. - № 4. - P. 3.
Malov A. A. Patney S. V. Heavy cruiser "Trento", "Trieste" and "Bolzano". - S. 19.
Stille M. USN Cruiser VS IGN Cruiser. Guadalcanal 1942. - Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. - P. 10. - ISBN 1-84603-466-4
American cruiser of the Second World War. - Ekaterinburg: Mirror, 1999. - P. 14. - (ships close-up-2).
Lacroix E. Wells II L. Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. - London: Chutham Publishing, 1997. - P. 55. - ISBN 1-86176-058-2
Cofman V. L. Pocket linkers of the Fuhrera. Corsairs Third Reich. - m .: Collection, Jauza, Eksmo, 2007. - p. 5. - (Arsenal-Collection). - ISBN 978-5-699-21322-1
Cofman V. L. Pocket linkers of the Fuhrera. Corsairs Third Reich. - P. 140.
Patney S. V. Dashyan A. V. et al. Cruiser World War II. Hunters and defenders. - P. 12.
Patney S. V. Dashyan A. V. et al. Cruiser World War II. Hunters and defenders. - P. 14.
Cofman V. L. Heavy cruiser "Alzheri" // Sea collection . - 2007. - № 4. - P. 32.
Cofman V. L. Heavy cruiser "Alzheri". - P. 31.
Patney S. V. Heavy cruiser type "Zara" // Sea collection. - 2006. - № 2. - P. 31-32.
Patney S. V. Heavy cruiser type "Zara". - P. 8.
Malov A. A. Patney S. V. Heavy cruiser "Trento", "Trieste" and "Bolzano". - p. 5.
Malov A. A. Patney S. V. Heavy cruiser "Trento", "Trieste" and "Bolzano". - P. 24.
American cruiser of the Second World War. - P. 19.

CRUISER

(it. Kreizer). Military vessel sent; in cruise.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. - Chudinov A.N., 1910 .

CRUISER

running military vessels adapted to long-sworn swimming. In wartime, serve to capture the enemy transport and commercial ships, and in peaceful - to observe smuggling.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. - Pavlenkov F., 1907 .

CRUISER

military vessel floating in all directions to observe the shores and to prevent smuggling trade; In the war, the same time follows the enemy courts, preventing them from bringing the provision, tools, and so on.

A full dictionary of foreign words included in Russian.- Popov M., 1907 .

CRUISER

goal. Kruisser, it. Kreuzer. Crashing military ship.

Explanation of 25,000 foreign words included in the Russian language, with their roots. - Michelson A.D., 1865 .

Cruiser

(goal. Kruiser) A high-speed warship with powerful artillery and rocket weapons, designed to destroy ships and coastal objects of the enemy, for the intelligence and sentigible service, to cover the convoy and landings (on the crossing of the sea and during disembark), etc.

New dictionary foreign words.- by edwart,, 2009 .

Cruiser

cruiser, MN. Crecers, cruisers, m. [Goal. Kruiser] (military. Ma.). Big high-speed military ship. Mine cruiser.

Big Dictionary Foreign Words. - PDDK Publishing House, 2007 .

Cruiser

but, mN. Cruisers, Os. and cruiser, oh, m. ( netherl. kruiser).
Large speed warship.
Cruising - related to Cruiser, cruisers.

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words L. P. Kratyn.- M: Russian, 1998 .

Synonyms:

Watch what is a "cruiser" in other dictionaries:

Cruiser, cruiser, mn. Creisers cruisers, husband. (Holland. Kruiser) (military. Ma.). Big high-speed military ship. Armor cruiser. Mine cruiser. Explanatory dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov

The cruiser, a warship, differing from the battleships of greater ease and speed, dismissal from 7500 to 21,000 tons. After the First World War, according to the arms limit contracts, the calibers of the guns on the cruisers did not exceed 200 mm. ... ... Scientific and Technical Encyclopedic Dictionary

Martial surface ship for maritime fighting, violation of the enemy marine communications, etc. Edwart. Explanatory maritime dictionary, 2010 cruiser big ship with strong artillery, torpedo weaponhaving a greater speed and ... ... Marigree

- (from the Gulle. Kruiser) Warrant ship. As the class of ships, cruisers appeared in the 60s. 19th century During the 2nd World War, we were shared on the lungs and heavy. In modern Navy, there are cruisers rocket, anti-submarine and other ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Cruiser, a, mn. a, s and s, s, husband. Large speed combat ship. Bronnosna, anti-submarine, missile. | | arr. Cruising, Aya, Oe. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Swedov. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

SUT., Number of synonyms: 3 Varyag (10) Ship (101) Raider (6) Dictionary of Synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishi ... Synonym dictionary

cruiser - Cruiser, MN. Cruiser, genus. cruisers and cruisers, cruisers. Pronunciation [Craiser] is obsolete ... Dictionary of the difficulties of pronunciation and stress in modern Russian

cruiser - A combat surface ship for maritime fighting, violation of the enemy's maritime communications, etc. appeared in the 60s of the 190s 19th century. Until the mid-20th century, the main weapons were tower artillery (6 9 caliber guns 203 280 mm). ... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary

This term has other meanings, see Cruiser (Clipper). Cruiser "Aurora" ... Wikipedia

- (Holle. Kruiser, from Kruisen Swim by the Sea, Crucial) A combat surface ship, designed to fight the light forces of the opponent's fleet, Defense of combat ships and coneds, ensuring the landing of marine assaults, fire ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

Cruiser "Zabiyaka", S. D. Klimovsky. The cruiser "Zabiyaka" became the first in the domestic fleet with a cruiser of a special building. At night - in the late 70s of the XIX century. - He was considered one of the most high-speed ships in the world. ...

The Navy of Russia has 203 superwater ships and 71 submarines, including 23 atomic submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. Russia's defense capability at sea provides modern and powerful ships.

"Peter the Great"

Heavy atomic rocket cruiser "Pretty Great" is the world's largest peak ship in the world. It is able to destroy the enemy aircraft carriers. The only cruiser of the famous Soviet project 1144 "Orlan". Built in the Baltic Plant and launched on the water in 1989. Commissioned after 9 years.

For 16 years, the cruiser passed 140,000 miles. The flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Navy of Russia, the port of the registry is Severomorsk.
With a width of 28.5 meters, a length of 251 meters has long. Complete displacement of 25860 tons.
Two nuclear reactors with a capacity of 300 megawatts, two boilers, turbines and gas turbinerators are able to provide energy by the city by the population of 200 thousand. May develop speed up to 32 nodes, the melting range is not limited. Crew in 727 people can be in autonomous swimming 60 days.
Armament: 20 CM-233 launchers with covered rockets P-700 Granite, firing range - 700 km. Film complex "Reef" C-300F (96 vertical start missiles). Anti-aircraft system "Cort" with a reserve of 128 missiles. Artist by AK-130. Two anti-submarine rocket and torpedo complex "Waterfall", the Council-1M anti-separated complex. Reactive installations of bombing of RBU-12000 and RBU-1000 "Tornado-3". Three anti-submarine helicopters "Ka-27" can be based on board.

"Admiral Fleet of the Soviet Union of Kuznetsov"

Heavy aviance cruiser "Admiral Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (Project 11435). Built in the Black Sea Shipbuilding Plant, launched in 1985. I wore the names of "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Since 1991, he entered the Northern Fleet. We carried the combat service in the Mediterranean, participated in the rescue operation at the death of Kursk. Three years later, according to the plan, it will take up modernization.
The length of the cruiser is 302.3 meters, full displacement of 55,000 tons. Maximum speed - 29 nodes. The crew in 1960 people can be in the sea a month and a half.
Armament: 12 granite anti-relocated missiles, 60 missiles "Break-1", 24 Installations of the VCC "Blade" (192 rockets,) and "chestnut" (256 rockets). May carry 24 helicopters ka-27, 16 supersonic aircraft Yak-41m vertical take-off and up to 12 fighters Su-27K.

"Moscow"

"Moscow", Guards Rocket Cruiser. Multipurpose ship. Built on ship shipping factor of 61 Communar in Nikolaev. Was originally called "Glory". Commissioned in 1983. Flagship of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia.
He participated in the military conflict with Georgia, in 2014 he carried out the blockade of the Ukrainian Navy.
With a width of 20.8 meters, it has a length of 186.4 meters and a displacement of 11490 tons. Maximum speed 32 node. Swimming range up to 6000 nautical miles. The crew in 510 people can be a month in the "autonomy".
Armament: 16 installations of P-500 "Basalt", two art installations AK-130, six 6-bodle art installations AK-630, installations B-204 S-300F SPF (64 rockets), launching installations SPC "OSA-Ma" (48 rockets), torpedo devices, reactive bombing of RBU-6000, Ka-27 helicopter.
A copy of "Moscow" - the cruiser "Varyag" is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.

"Dagestan"

The watchdog "Dagestan" was commissioned in 2012. Built on a Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant. In 2014, transferred to the Caspian flotilla. This is the second ship of the project 11661k, the first - Tatarstan is the flagship of the Caspian Fleet.
Dagestan has more powerful and modern weapons: the Universal RC "Calibr-NK", which can apply several types of high-precision missiles (the shooting range is more than 300 km), Zrak "Palma", AU AK-176M. Equipped with STELS technology.
With a 13.1 meter width, Dagestan has a length of 102.2 meters, displacement of 1900 tons. May develop speed up to 28 nodes. The crew of 120 people can be in autonomous swimming for 15 days.
The shipyard laid four more such ship.

"Persistent"

The flagship of the Baltic Fleet Esminets "persistent" was built on the Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant named after Zhdanov and launched on the water in 1991. It is intended to destroy terrestrial targets, anti-aircraft and anti-worker defense of compounds.
With a width of 17.2 meters, it has a length of 156.5 meters, and a displacement of 7940 tons. The crew of 296 people may be in swimming without entering the port up to 30 days.
The destroyer carries the Ka-27 helicopter. Equipped with spray art installations AK-130/54, Six-power installations of AK-630, installations of P-270 "Mosquito", six-solid reactive bombing installations, two SHTIl SPC and torpedo devices.

"Yury Dolgoruky"

Atomic submarine "Yuri Dolgoruky" (the first submarine of the project 955 "Borea") was laid in 1996 in Severodvinsk. Commissioned in 2013. The port of the registry is Gadzhiyevo. It is part of the Northern Fleet.
Boat length 170 meters, underwater displacement - 24,000 tons. Maximum surface speed - 15 nodes, underwater - 29 nodes. Crew 107 people. Maybe three months carry combat duty without entering the port.
Yuri Dolgoruky carries 16 ballistic missiles "Bulaw", equipped with PHR 9R38 "Needle", 533-miliethly torpedo vessels, six installations of acoustic counteraction RPPS-324 "Barrbum". In the coming years, six more submarines of the same class will be built on the versions of Russia.

"Severodvinsk"

Multi-purpose nuclear submarine "Severodvinsk" was the first submarine of the new Russian project 855 "ash". The most "quiet" submarine in the world. Built in Severodvinsk. In 2014, he became part of the Northern Fleet of the Navy of Russia. The port of the registry is western faces.
With a width of 13.5 meters, it has a length of 119 meters, underwater displacement of 13,800 tons,
The surface speed of Severodvinsk is 16 nodes, underwater - 31 node. The autonomy of swimming is 100 days, the crew is 90 people.
It has modern silent nuclear reactor new generation. The submarine is equipped with ten torpedo apparatus, Cable missiles P-100 "Onyx", X-35, ZM-54E, SM-54E1, ZM-14E. Carries strategic winged rockets X-101 and can hit targets within a radius of up to 3000 kilometers. Until 2020 in Russia, it is planned to build six more classes of class "ash".

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