Reasons for taking time off from work. This is not absenteeism: in which cases an employee has the right to take time off and leave early from work. Russians do not risk admitting to the reason for absence from work

Every person has a situation when it is necessary to leave work on personal matters. So what's the right way to take time off from work so as not to look like a bum?

Your reason for leaving must be meaningful in the eyes of your boss.

The fact that you do not get enough sleep or are tired is your personal problem. Good workers should leave these problems outside the office. But passing an exam at a driving school or health problems are quite good reasons.

If the reason for the interview obviously does not seem important to the management (after all, you know for sure that no one will let you go to a meeting with a girl or a football match), then you can come up with a meaningful reason. The reason must look believable and significant enough in the eyes of the leader - which means that you must know his preferences and views. The reason you invented should look as convincing and believable as possible.

Problems related to real estate are suitable: neighbors flooded you, you need to re-register an apartment, you need to register a relative. Explaining the reason why you need to leave is not worth going into details. There is no need to tell the whole story of how long you have been saving up for this apartment, it is quite enough just to outline the problem.

It is better to ask for it in advance, preferably before.

It is worth preparing for a conversation with a leader. You need to go to the leader with the confidence that you must be released. You must convince yourself that your departure will not harm your work, and any employee may need to take time off. If you doubt the appropriateness of your request, it will be easy for your boss to refuse you.

You should not tell your boss by phone that you have already stayed at home, so you want to take time off. Not a single leader likes it when subordinates make decisions themselves, and the leader is simply informed.

Where to start a conversation.

It is worth starting the conversation with a summary of the problem you are having. For example: "Alexander Alexandrovich, I am buying a new apartment, and I need to arrange it. This can be done only on weekdays", and then smoothly move on to the main question: "Would you mind if I come to work for two hours tomorrow later?" The manager will become much more compliant if you add: "I have already completed part of tomorrow's work, so my absence will not affect my work in any way", and give an example: "I prepared Required documents, and call the clients. "Be prepared for counter questions from your manager:" At what stage is that? Has this been done? "If you mumble, it is unlikely that you will be released. If you do not know what to answer these questions, then say:" everything is going strictly according to plan and in accordance with the approved schedule. "

After you were released, you must immediately quietly leave.

You should not make the fact that you have taken time off from work to be widely publicized. Don't make your colleagues jealous. Otherwise, your colleague, who will not be released from work early tomorrow, will say that they will let you go, almost every other day for less significant reasons. Do not give reasons to denigrate your business reputation... If you have to inform your colleagues that you have been released, do not go into details. You should not give advice like: "The boss is always being led to sick relatives, since the very health problems of his beloved wife." There is no need to give food for gossip. If the rumor reaches the leader that you took advantage of his kindness and gullibility to achieve small personal gain, he is unlikely to sympathize with you ever again.

Ask only when it is really necessary.

The issues of late arrival and early departure from work are the most painful for managers. Because it is believed that if an employee is at the workplace, it means that he works, even if it is not, and at this time he is playing solitaire on the computer. If you take time off from work once a month, this is already considered often. Your personal problems will not be sympathetic forever. Over time, constant absences from work will begin to annoy even the manager with the most good character... Therefore, begging from work should not be abused.

Sometimes, due to any life circumstances, the employee needs temporarily leave workplace on certain days... Then the chief is provided with an application for time off, which indicates the reasons for the pass.

For a list of good reasons, see Labor Code of the Russian Federation... Most often, the head of the organization decides on his own whether to give a day off or not.

Day off is recreation, which is given to an employee for work on weekends and non-working holidays.

Most often, managers are critical of employee passes. But sometimes the circumstances are not very successful, and the employee needs to leave work for a while.

The hardest of all is for those people who often ask for time off, coming up with constant excuses. This is beginning to annoy the bosses. It is considered normal to take time off from work. no more than 3 times a month.

It is best to notify your boss about your request in advance, a week in advance or, for example, in the evening. This is necessary so that the manager has time to settle all work issues and entrust the work to other people.

Try to explain the reason specifically, but without unnecessary details. Leave your phone number or address Email for communication in case of critical situations at work.

It is important to know that all sorts of methods work in the event that this happens rarely. Better to provide a compelling story that has happened to many, including the boss.

You can take a day off for your own account. Then the missed days will not be paid. It does not require grounds for temporary resignation from work. Documents are provided only for paid days... You must provide following:

Sick leave.
Certificate confirming donation.
A subpoena or military enlistment office.
A certificate from the registry office, proving the registration of marriage on the day off.

The employer may provide compensation for overtime.

Medical indications

TO medical grounds leaving the workplace include:

The need to visit a doctor in case of illness of the employee or his young child. Also, a girl may leave due to an examination in an antenatal clinic (for example, in case of pregnancy) or to undergo a medical examination on on their own... An employer may require a medical certificate as proof of an extra day off.
Donation. According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, this reason is the basis for a two-day paid pass. It is necessary to provide a document from the doctor confirming the donation of blood at the hospital department.

If the employee did not notify the organization in advance about the donation on a specific day and the next day began to perform work duties under difficult conditions, this is violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation by the organization.

If a person becomes a donor several times a year, then he can take time off on all days of donating blood.

But there are times when the management of the organization does not let go of an employee who regularly took time off for this reason, but only in those cases when blood is needed by a sick family member or in the presence of a rare group.

According to Art. 128 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee, at his request, can be provided unpaid leave for valid reasons... Labor Code of the Russian Federation the period of such leave has not been set... This means that an employee can take leave of any length of time, even a couple of days.

Granting leave is not the employer's obligation, but only his right. The company's management may refuse if it considers that the reason is not valid enough.

Family circumstances include:

The birth of a child (provided up to 5 working days).
Registration of marriage (according to Art. 128 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - up to 5 working days). Weekends can be given to choose from during the wedding period, before the date of marriage registration, after the wedding celebration.
The death of a family member or close relative (up to 5 working days, has the right to extend up to 2 weeks).
The emergence of household emergency situations(pipe break, fire, gas leak and others). The supervisor should provide a certificate from the rescue service or management company specifically dealing with this issue.
Anniversary of a relative.
Event in school and preschool institutions.
Meeting close relatives from a long journey.
Other circumstances.

Sample and rules for filling out an application

The application can be submitted in advance or on the day of leaving (there is a good reason). The best option will inform the chief about the request in advance. In this case, there will be more confidence that the management will not refuse.

If the application is absent, then the employer counts absenteeism, and this direct violation work schedule , entailing disciplinary responsibility. With regular absences, an employee can be fired.

The only requirement for the application is official style... Even if you take time off from work only in words, it is still necessary to write a statement for reporting. Upon returning to work, it is destroyed.

The statement is written in free form... Items required for content:

Name of company.
Information about the leadership.
Employee data.

The document usually indicates the reasons for the time off. But this is not a requirement. At the birth of a child, death of a close relative, registration of marriage and other circumstances, time off is provided by law.

The leave application has standard view ... Writing it is straightforward.

In the upper right corner of the sheet, information about the addressee is written: the position of the head, the name of the enterprise with an indication of the organizational and legal form (OJSC, CJSC, ODO, individual entrepreneur and others), full name of the director.
Next, the data about the employee (position, name of the activity, full name) are indicated.
City, area where the organization is located.
Date of writing the application.
Title of the document.
The main part of the statement. The period for which the weekend is planned, the reason. If you need to leave work urgently, it is important to indicate this.
Signature with decryption.

General Director of CJSC "Ural-Logistic"

Soloviev A.I.

From a specialist in financial and economic security

Uvarova I.N.

G. Vologda

04.05.2017.

Statement

I ask you to give me a day off from 05/06/2017 to 05/07/2017 because of my daughter's graduation.

Financial and economic activity specialist

signature Uvarov I.N.

If the application is attached additional documents(certificate, doctor's opinion, etc.), it is necessary to indicate them in the text.

Nuances when drawing up an application:

It is possible to issue in duplicate - one for the employee and the other for the employer.
Referring to management, based on the standards and concepts of subordination established in the organization.

The rest of the details, if necessary, can be clarified with the personnel department.

How to take time off if the boss is against

In many organizations, the reasons for leaving work are not always credible to management. Sometimes the employee does not actually say the true reason, because he believes that he will definitely be refused.

It turns out that the employer thinks that they are lying to him, and the employee that he will not be given time off. It turns out a parodox. In this case, there are several legitimate reasons to quit your job.

Sometimes it is impossible to take time off for objective reasons, for example, if the employee is a resuscitation doctor or a duty officer of the fire department or the Ministry of Emergency Situations. It is impossible to leave work temporarily due to the specifics of the profession.

The easiest and safest way is donation... The management cannot deny you a day off. The employee receives two days off, provided for by the federal law of the Russian Federation - on the day of donating blood and the next day.

Leave work at your own expense provided based on family, personal and other circumstances. But this is not the responsibility of the employer, but only the subject of agreement between the parties.

For these purposes, time off not paid... The employee loses part wages for the number of days missed. The money is calculated for the month in which the day off was taken, i.e. the salary will be reduced depending on how many days off were taken.

Example:

A consultant manager of a bank branch receives a salary of 30,000 rubles. The number of working days established by the employment contract is 20. Average daily earnings are 1,500 rubles.

The employee took 4 time off for personal reasons at his own expense. Then from his salary will be deducted: 1500 * 4 = 6000 rubles. At the end of the month, he will receive the amount including income tax (30,000 - 6,000) * 13% = 20,880 rubles.

Sick leave. It occurs when the employee himself or his minor child is really seriously ill. The employer is obliged to issue days off.

You should not buy sick leave. This is a direct violation of the law, which will result in criminal liability.

The organization may provide additional days off for:

Fulfillment of the labor duties assigned to the employee in the given month.
Overtime work. When it is possible to engage in overtime work: if there is a delay in equipment at the enterprise, the employee does not have time to fully complete his work properly, a technical malfunction, the absence of one of the employees.
Participation in creative events, trainings, subbotniks, etc.
Substitution of one of the employees.
Putting forward new ideas that contribute to the development of the organization, improve work, team cohesion.

Employees should not be involved in overtime work as usual. This is punishable by law. In a two-day period, he can be involved in work no more than 4 hours... The number of additional hours per year should not exceed 120.

WWII veterans.
Disabled people.
Family members of servicemen and law enforcement officers who died in the line of duty.
Senior citizens.
Parents of children under 15 years of age.
Residents of the Far North with a child under 15 years old.
Citizens with multiple jobs.
Students who earn extra money during their studies.

There are others legal grounds for taking time off, prescribed in Art. and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. But remember: even any legal method does not guarantee an adequate response from the boss. It is best when the leadership of the organization meets halfway.

Professional tips for this issue are presented below.

Sometimes a situation arises when you really need to take time off from work. For example, feeling unwell, overwork, lack of sleep, personal affairs, or just a very bad mood. However, it is at least unreasonable to resort to such arguments when talking to your superiors, since none of these reasons will be considered valid enough to give you time off. In this case, you will have to find serious arguments that could convince your boss to let you go from work. Below we will tell you how you can take time off from work.

Let's make a reservation right away: if an employee regularly takes time off from work under various pretexts, after a while even the most patient boss will think whether this employee is really indispensable. Also, do not take time off from work unless you absolutely need to if you have just recently come to this team. Otherwise, you may not have a good reputation. Therefore, leave should not be abused.

How to take time off from work?

First of all, you need to talk with your boss about the need for time off in a calm, confident tone, clearly and specifically - the way you talk, for example, about the results of work for the quarter. You should not act as a poor supplicant and beg for a day off - under certain conditions, you have every right to him and notify your boss about this.

Here are 10 reasons to take time off from work that you can bring to your boss:

1. Severe toothache. The urgent need to go to the dentist will fill your boss with sympathy for you.

2. Real estate transactions. Registration of documents for the purchase or sale of an apartment or summer house is a very important procedure that must be performed personally.

3. Important family events. The first bell at school, parent meeting, child's performance at city competitions, etc. - quite a good reason to take time off from work.

4. Household problems. For example, you flooded your neighbors, or they flooded you, the gas valve broke, etc., and now you are waiting for emergency service - this is a sufficient reason not to come to work at all, of course having warned your superiors in advance.

5. Transport problems. The car broke down, got stuck in a huge traffic jam, got into an accident - such reasons are difficult to ignore.

6. Passing exams. If you are studying at a university, on courses foreign languages or at a driving school, your boss is obliged to give you free time during the exams. True, then you will have to submit a supporting document for work.

7. Registration of various documents. Visiting various official bodies can take a whole day. Arguments such as obtaining a passport, insurance policy, etc., are strong enough to competently take time off from work.

8. Visit to the hospital. Since all people are sometimes sick, this argument will be humanly understandable to your boss, and he will agree to let you go for tests or examinations, as well as to visit sick relatives.

9. Donation. According to the law, after donating blood, the donor is entitled to two paid time off.

10. Arrival of relatives. If relatives or friends come to visit you who need to be met at the station, brought home and placed, this is a sufficient reason to take time off from work early.
If you do not want to make up arguments for granting time off, just write a request for one day of time off at your own expense. Just remember that no one will do your job for you.

10 reasons to take time off from work early help you do urgent things or rest so that you can start working with renewed vigor the next day.

Most workers work five days a week for eight hours. And it is no wonder that they physically do not have time to go to the clinic, the housing office, to the child's school - after all, the opening hours of these institutions are practically the same. Write a full day off because of parent meeting I don't really want to, more often than not, employees simply ask for time off from work. In this regard, the employer has many questions: what to do with paying for the time of absence, how to take it into account, whether it is necessary to issue it, etc. Read the article - and you will find answers to the above and some other questions.

Indeed, “begging” from work is not uncommon. Basically, employees ask to let them go for a couple of hours or half a day. It happens, of course, they ask for more time - a day or even two.

We must say right away that this situation is not regulated either by the Labor Code or by any other acts containing norms labor law... Therefore, the decision on the issue of registration and payment for the absence of the requested employee depends on various circumstances.

If an employee takes an hour or two off

First of all, we note that if an employee decides to leave for personal business at lunchtime, then he does not need to take time off from work. Breaks during the working day (shift), including for rest and meals, refer to rest time (Article 107 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). And according to Art. 106 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation rest time - the time during which the employee is free from work duties and which he can use at his own discretion... Thus, during lunch, an employee can leave work and resolve his issues without the consent of the employer.

If you need a couple of hours in work time, you need a corresponding statement from the employee addressed to the head of the organization. You say: why multiply pieces of paper, because you can verbally inform your immediate supervisor and that's it? We believe that a statement is still required. On it, if the manager agrees, the corresponding visa, the signature of the manager and the date are affixed. In this case, the employee will be sure that his absence will not be regarded as a violation. labor discipline, and the employer learns that the employee is absent. In this case, you do not need to issue an order.

For your information

Absenteeism is considered absence from the workplace without good reason during the entire working day (shift), regardless of its (her) duration, as well as more than four hours in a row during the working day (shift).

The need for a statement is also indicated by arbitrage practice... So, the employee was fired for absenteeism. Disagreeing, he went to court with a claim for reinstatement, justifying his demands by the fact that he had asked for leave from the director. The court, examining the case materials, did not find confirmation of this fact, since the employee did not apply to the employer with any written statements about the need for absence, for example, on granting leave without pay. Accordingly, the dismissal was recognized as lawful (Appellate ruling of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Court dated September 19, 2016 in case No. 33-12406 / 2016).

Note that the absence on request must be recorded in the time sheet, because the employer is obliged to keep accurate records of the working time worked by each employee. The absence period is taken into account when calculating the employee's salary.

If an employee takes time off for the whole day

Different design options are possible here:

unpaid leave;
annual paid vacation;
day off.

Let's consider these options.

Unpaid leave

Based on Part 1 of Art. 128 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for family reasons and other valid reasons, an employee, upon his written application, may be granted unpaid leave, the duration of which is determined by agreement between the employee and the employer. As you can see, the legislation does not establish either the minimum or the maximum duration of such a vacation. This means that unpaid leave can be granted for any period on which the parties to the employment contract come to an agreement, even for one day.

As can be seen from the wording of the norm, the granting of such leave is a right, not an obligation, and if the employer considers the reason disrespectful, he can deny the employee an unpaid leave. At the same time, it must be remembered that there are categories of employees that the employer does not have the right to refuse to do so. In particular, on the basis of a written application, the employer is obliged to provide such leave:

working old-age pensioners (by age) - up to 14 calendar days in the year;
working disabled people - up to 60 calendar days a year;
employees in cases of childbirth, marriage registration, death of close relatives - up to 5 calendar days;
in other cases provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, other federal laws or a collective agreement.

If the employee, without waiting for the approval of an unpaid leave for one day, does not come to work, and the employer refuses to grant such leave, absence from work can be regarded as absenteeism (appeal rulings of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Court dated 09.19.2016 in case No. 33-12406 / 2016, Rostov Regional Court dated 15.08.2016 in case No. 33-14008/2016, etc.).

So, such a vacation is issued as follows:

The employee writes a statement to the head of the organization, which indicates the date of the vacation and the reasons why it is required. If the application is written for several hours, you need to specify the specific hours.
The manager puts on the application a visa "Agreed" or "I do not mind", and in case of refusal to grant leave - "Refuse".
If the head of the company agrees:
- an order is drawn up to grant leave without pay (with such an order, the employee must be familiarized with the signature);
- a personal card is filled in (form T-2) - it is necessary to keep records of the number of days of unpaid leave, since the length of service for the provision of annual paid leave depends on this;
- the time sheet is filled in.

The question of paying for the day for which the employee was granted unpaid leave disappears by itself, since everything is clear from the name of the latter.

Annual paid vacation

Each employee is guaranteed an annual paid vacation, which is provided in accordance with the vacation schedule, mandatory for both employees and employers (Article 123 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

note

The vacation schedule is approved no later than two weeks before the onset of the new year, taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the primary trade union organization.

At the same time, nothing prevents the granting of annual leave outside the schedule, if the employee and the employer have come to an agreement on this. We add that by general rule vacation can be divided into parts, one of which is at least 14 calendar days (Article 125 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). But the rest can be used as agreed between the employee and the employer. Therefore, it is perfectly legal to provide one day of annual paid leave.

For registration annual leave for one day (if the employer agrees) you need:

Receive a statement from the employee, which indicates the specific desired day.
Issue an order granting annual leave.
Make appropriate notes on the timesheet.

Note that in the case of registration of an annual paid vacation for one day, there may be difficulties associated with paying for the vacation. In particular, according to the rule of Art. 136 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the vacation must be paid no later than three days before its start. Moreover, this rule applies to vacation of any length, for a day or two weeks the employee goes to rest - it does not matter.

Therefore, the granting of one day of annual leave is convenient if the employee knows in advance that he needs to leave on that date. However, in most cases, employees take time off spontaneously, when certain circumstances arise.

Day off

Despite the fact that the Labor Code does not define the concept of "day off", according to the established practice, the day off is considered to be the rest provided as compensation for work or duty in non-working hours... Time off should not be confused with unpaid leave, since it is not provided as compensation for something, but for personal reasons that employees have, or by virtue of the law.

Labor legislation provides for several cases when the employer must provide an employee with a day off for work outside of working hours. (We present them in the form of a diagram on page.)

The procedure for issuing time off is as follows: an employee writes a statement asking for a day of rest, indicating the reasons, for example, for overtime work or work on a day off. (Donors must attach to the application a certificate confirming the fact of donating blood.) On the basis of such a statement, an order is issued, with which it is necessary to familiarize the employee with a signature.

Of course, you need to make notes on the timesheet:
- additional days off without pay are designated by the letter code "НВ" or digital "28";
- day of rest for donor workers - with the letter code "ОВ" or digital "27" (additional paid day off).

When involved in overtime work	By virtue of Art. 152 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the first two hours of overtime are paid at least one and a half amount, the next - at least double the amount. At the request of the employee overtime work instead of the increased pay, it can be compensated by the provision of additional rest time, but not less than the time worked overtime, while the rest time is not subject to payment
When attracting to work on a weekend or a non-working holiday	In accordance with Art. 153 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, work on a weekend or a non-working holiday is paid at least double. At the request of the employee who worked that day, he may be given another day of rest. In this case, work on a weekend or holiday is paid in a single amount, and the day of rest is not payable
When a worker donates blood and its components	According to Art. 186 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, if an employee went to work on the day of donating blood and its components, as well as on the day of the associated medical examination, he is given another day of rest at his request. In the course of donating blood and e components during the period of annual paid leave, on a weekend or a non-working holiday, the employee is given another day of rest at his request. In addition, after each day of donating blood and its components, an additional day of rest is provided.
For processing time within the work schedule when working on a rotational basis	Due to the increase in working hours and the reduction in rest time during the shift period, employees usually accumulate overtime hours, which are paid in the amount of a day tariff rate, daily rate (part of the salary ( official salary) per day of work). Overtime hours that are not multiples of a whole working day may accumulate throughout the year and be summed up to whole working days with the subsequent provision of additional days of rest between shifts. In this case, the underutilized hours of daily (inter-shift) rest, as well as the days of weekly rest, are summed up and provided in the form of additional days off from work (in the form of days of inter-shift rest) during the accounting period

If the employee systematically takes time off

There are workers who constantly need somewhere. Such workers can be assigned part-time work. Article 93 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation allows the introduction of this mode of work by agreement between the employee and the employer when hiring or in the process of labor activity.

Remuneration for part-time work is made in proportion to the time worked or depending on the amount of work performed. At the same time, work on such conditions does not entail any restrictions on the duration of the main annual paid leave, the calculation of seniority and other labor rights.

To set part-time working hours, you must:

To conclude additional agreement To employment contract, in which to register the specific start and end time of work, duration working week and the period for which part-time work is established. This document signed by both parties to the employment relationship.
Issue an order for the introduction of part-time work specific employee indicating the reasons for this decision.

Additionally, we note that the employer may propose to introduce part-time work, and the employee may refuse, believing that it is more profitable for him to write applications with a request for unpaid leave. In such a case, part-time work cannot be set.

So, if employees occasionally take time off during working hours on personal matters, this must be documented, at least with an application with a management visa confirming permission to leave. If they take time off for a day or two, other options are possible - registration of a vacation, paid or unpaid. If the employee takes time off periodically, for example, every Tuesday and Friday for a certain number of hours, it may be worth considering introducing part-time work for him.

The fact that you are tired or did not get enough sleep is your problem. Good workers decide all their affairs outside the office. And, for example, health problems or passing a driving license exam are already significant reasons.

The personal preferences of your boss also play a big role. For example, he is a big football fan. You can take time off from him for an important match of your team and you will probably get permission.

Briefly describe why you need to leave your job

It is better not to deceive the bosses. Even if he cannot find out the truth in any way, it is still not very good idea... If the circumstance is already very important, then, in principle, problems cannot arise at all. For example, your neighbors downstairs called you and said that you were flooding them. When explaining the reason, there is no need to go into details. Let us know if you think you are going to return to work today.

Prepare for a conversation with your boss

Think in advance what you will say. Do not hesitate and show your own indecision. Be sure to mention that your departure will not harm your work in any way. You can say that you have done all the tasks in advance, or do them already at home. In no case do not leave on your own, and then just call. It is unlikely that the boss will find it acceptable if someone makes decisions for him, and then just informs.

If possible, take time off in advance

For example, if you know your daughter has an important presentation in three days, then tell your boss today. And constantly remind him of this, as such requests are often forgotten. Do all the things planned for that day in advance.

It is better to start a conversation with a brief statement of the problem.

For example: "Ivan Ivanovich, my daughter has a concert in three days and I definitely need to be there." Only then ask (rather than confront the fact) if you can leave. Be sure to say that the work will be done on time, but the truth really needs to be gone. If the reason is really significant, you can be more persistent.

If you were released, then you should not delay leaving.

There is no need to collect things for a long time, talk with other employees or try to finish something. The manager may think that this is not so urgent for you if you are not in a hurry to get it done. Also, do not arouse envy in your colleagues and tell how you easily managed to "get out of your job." First, the employee can tell the manager about it. Secondly, everyone else may also start asking for time off, and this obviously will not play into your hands.

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