What types of business activities can be engaged in. Is foreign economic activity possible? They include

An activity that regularly makes a profit is considered entrepreneurial. If you engage in such activities without registering an individual entrepreneur and not paying taxes, sooner or later you will have to bear responsibility to the state.

Liability is provided for in Article 14.1 Administrative Code. The fine for trading without registration ranges from 500 rubles to 2,000 rubles, and if the activity was subject to licensing or a special permit was required - from 2,000 to 2,500 rubles with confiscation of tools and production products.

Article 116 of the Tax Code provides for another fine for unregistered entrepreneurial activity - 10% of proven income, but not less than 40 thousand rubles.

In addition, the tax office can charge taxes and penalties on the amount of income that can be proved.

Another reason that for many becomes a decisive factor is the blocking of bank accounts. Many unregistered entrepreneurs accept money from customers to an individual's card account in a bank. Since 2017, banks have been actively blocking accounts for suspicious transactions on the basis of Law 115-FZ "On countering the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism."

By registering as individual entrepreneur, you will be able to accept money from customers to the current account on legal grounds and not be afraid of fines from the tax inspectorate.

IP registration

The procedure is quite simple, unlike the registration of an LLC.

In order to register as an individual entrepreneur, you need to send a package of documents to the tax office:

Application form P21001.
Receipt of payment of state duty (800 rubles). Since 2019, when submitting registration documents to in electronic format duty will not need to be paid.
Passport copy.
Application for the use of the simplified taxation system (if it is planned to apply this regime).

A package of documents can be taken to the tax office in person, sent through a representative, sent by mail or sent electronically. You can send documents in electronic form directly through the website of the Federal Tax Service, but for this you first need to issue electronic signature(approximately 1,000 rubles).

The tax office will register you as an individual entrepreneur within 3 working days after receiving the documents. If there are grounds for refusal or errors in the application, you will be denied registration, and you will have to resubmit the documents. You will have three months to resubmit the documents without paying the state fee again. If you do not meet this deadline or make a mistake again, you will have to pay a fee.

Where can an individual do business?

Anywhere in Russia, regardless of where it is registered.

An individual entrepreneur is always registered at the place of registration and is registered with the local tax office, to which the address of his registration belongs. He will have to pay taxes and submit reports to this inspection, regardless of where he conducts his business.

For example, if you are registered in St. Petersburg, and your business is in Kazan and Perm, you will pay and report to the St. Petersburg IFTS.

The exception is business on UTII and PSN. These are special taxation regimes, which we will discuss below. If an individual entrepreneur applies these special regimes, he must pay and report to the tax office at the place of business (with some exceptions).

What taxes does a sole proprietor pay?

It all depends on which taxation system the individual entrepreneur has chosen.

For small businesses in Russia, there are 3 preferential taxation regimes that allow individual entrepreneurs to reduce the tax burden and reporting volume.

USN - simplified taxation system

The most popular mode among individual entrepreneurs, very simple and profitable.

By choosing this mode, you will pay taxes according to one of the options:

6% of all income received;
15% from the difference between income and expenses;

and at the same time you will be exempt from personal income tax, property tax (which you use in entrepreneurial activity) and VAT.

The object of taxation - "Income" or "Income minus expenses" you choose yourself and indicate this in the application. It will be possible to change the object only from the beginning of the next calendar year.

Reporting on the simplified tax system is only one declaration per year.

To start applying the simplified tax system from the first day of work, you need to send a notification to the IFTS along with registration documents or within 30 days after registration. Do not meet this deadline - you can switch to the simplified tax system only from the beginning of the next calendar year.

We described in detail what a simplified taxation system is, on what conditions it can be applied by individual entrepreneurs, how to pay tax and report, in this article.

UTII - single tax on imputed income

It also provides for the exemption of individual entrepreneurs from personal income tax, property tax and VAT.

It can only be used for certain types of activities and only in those regions where this regime has been introduced by local authorities. To find out if UTII is valid in your region, contact the local IFTS.

By choosing this mode, you will pay taxes not on actual income, but on estimated income. For each type of activity, the Tax Code prescribes a basic profitability, on the basis of which the tax is calculated, taking into account coefficients and physical indicators. How much you actually earn from this activity - more or less - the tax office will not be interested.

UTII reports must be submitted every quarter.

An individual entrepreneur can transfer a business to UTII at any time. To do this, you need to send an application to the tax office that refers to the address of the business (or to the IFTS at the place of residence for some types of activities).

OSNO - general taxation system

If you do not switch to any of the listed special modes, you will automatically be listed on the OSNO - common system taxation. This means that you will be required to pay personal income tax on business income, property tax and VAT.

All this involves a lot of accounting and reporting work, so before deciding to work for OSNO, make sure that you cannot use one of the special modes, or that OSNO is more profitable for you.

Other IP taxes

All other taxes (transport, land, water, etc.) you will have to pay only if there is an appropriate object of taxation. It does not depend on the applicable tax regime.

IP insurance premiums

In addition to taxes, all individual entrepreneurs are required to pay insurance premiums into two types of insurance: pension and medical.

Contributions consist of two parts: fixed and additional.

Fixed insurance premiums

This is a fixed amount that each registered entrepreneur must pay to the IFTS during the year.

In 2018, this is 32,385 rubles, of which 26,545 rubles are for pension insurance and 5,840 for medical insurance. The amount is indexed every year.

This amount does not depend on the income of the entrepreneur, or on the applicable taxation regime, or on whether the entrepreneur conducts business at all or simply has the status of an individual entrepreneur. From January 1 to December 31 of the reporting year, a fixed amount must be paid, in installments or in full.

Decrease fixed payment is possible only in one case - if the entrepreneur was in the status of an individual entrepreneur for an incomplete year, that is, he either registered an individual entrepreneur in the current year, or vice versa, deregistered. Then fixed insurance premiums are calculated in proportion to the time that the businessman was in the status of an individual entrepreneur.

The Tax Code provides for only a few cases when an individual entrepreneur may not pay fixed contributions if he did not conduct business. This is caring for a child under one and a half years old or a disabled person, military service, departure to another country with a diplomat spouse or to a remote area with a military spouse.

Additional insurance premiums

This part of the contribution is dependent on income. If an individual entrepreneur earned more than 300 thousand rubles in a year, he must additionally transfer 1% of the excess amount to the budget. For this, 6 months are given after the end of the reporting year.

Reducing tax on insurance premiums

Due to insurance premiums, you can reduce tax payments: simplified tax system, UTII, ESHN or personal income tax. Entrepreneurs who earn up to 500 thousand rubles can thus not pay tax at all, because. it will be covered by insurance premiums.

The procedure for reducing taxes on contributions depends on the applicable taxation regime and on whether the entrepreneur has employees.

How to withdraw profit

Entrepreneurs, unlike organizations, have a great advantage. They can freely withdraw profits at any time and in any amount. All the money that is on the account of the individual entrepreneur or at the cash desk belongs to him, he does not have to coordinate their withdrawal from the account with anyone and pay additional taxes on the withdrawn amounts.

But be careful, because according to the law 115-FZ "On counteracting the legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism", a bank can block a current account if the operation seems suspicious to them, this is now very common. Do not withdraw large amounts without urgent need, give clarifications to banks in time, and, if possible, pay for purchases with a corporate card.

IP liquidation

This procedure is as simple as registration. You just need to pay off tax debts, submit missing reports, pay the state duty and fill out an application to close the IP.

If there are employees, you must first dismiss them and deregister in the funds.

What else do entrepreneurs need to know?

According to the law, individual entrepreneurs have the right not to keep accounting records, provided that they keep tax records.
Individual entrepreneurs are exempted from the obligation to observe cash discipline.
In order to accept payments from customers, some entrepreneurs may need an online checkout. For more information about who needs a cash desk, who can do without it, and what other methods of settlements with customers can be used, read the article "How to accept money from customers".
For non-compliance with the terms of payments to the budget, submission of reports and other violations, individual entrepreneurs face fines. We have collected the most common violations in the article "Top 10 IP violations and the amount of fines for them".
In addition to tax reporting, entrepreneurs sometimes have to submit statistical reports if they fall into the annual sample of Rosstat.

Accounting, taxes and reports will help you online accounting "My business". Feel free to open an IP and register in our service. With us, you will do everything right.

Is it possible foreign economic activity IP? Many domestic entrepreneurs are interested in this issue. In many ways, commercial activity is associated with the supply of products from the manufacturer to the consumer. This also applies to individual entrepreneurs whose activities involve the manufacture of various goods suitable for sale in our homeland, as well as for export to countries near and far abroad, since for the normal development of business it is necessary to look for additional sales opportunities.

But here the question arises, can an individual entrepreneur conduct foreign economic activity? To deal with this dilemma, you need to learn as much as possible about this type of service. Therefore, we will further analyze this issue in more detail.

Individual entrepreneur and foreign economic activity

Can an individual entrepreneur engage in foreign economic activity? In connection with the desire of the majority of citizens to open their own business and start doing business, many provisions have appeared in the legal framework of our state that are aimed at creating favorable conditions for this. Particularly much attention was paid to representatives of small businesses, since if there is not too much initial capital, it is very difficult to effectively develop the chosen commercial direction.

Several enough convenient systems taxation, which allow not only to reduce interest rates, but also to get rid of the need to pay a whole set of various taxes that are mandatory for owners of larger organizations. In addition, we were given the opportunity to various types trade in the territory of the state, and in the presence of certain documents to supply their products outside of it.

This made it possible to significantly expand the range of opportunities for individual entrepreneurs who are engaged in the supply of agricultural products, the manufacture of souvenirs, and the transportation of goods from neighboring countries with subsequent sale in Russia.

In addition, this way of doing business is suitable for all taxation systems that are provided for individual entrepreneurs. current legislation. In its provisions there is also foreign economic activity.

An individual entrepreneur has the right to conduct business relationship with foreign partners, providing the services they need or delivering their products to their sales areas. The implementation of this procedure is detailed in Article 10 federal law"About the basics state regulation foreign trade activity".

It says that any citizen of the country has the right to engage in external economic activity if there is an appropriate registration in one of the federal districts or entities that have issued a permit to engage in entrepreneurial activity in accordance with the regulatory legal framework of the state.

This gives the right to carry out export transportation to most countries of the world, and, if desired, to supply imported products. At the same time, if an individual entrepreneur is a VAT (value added tax) payer, then, in accordance with the law, his compensation is carried out by state financial institutions in the volumes and terms provided for by the current regulatory legal documents.

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Foreign economic activity for individual entrepreneurs

Basic rules of this kind commercial activities are to negotiate with representatives foreign company while complying with the terms of the drawn up agreement and taking into account the requirements of the legal acts of both parties.

Concerning economic feasibility carrying out this operation for an individual entrepreneur, this definition implies compliance with several main provisions, which include the following:

Such a transaction is based on the principle of absolute self-financing and self-sufficiency, including when performing foreign exchange transactions. The export-import agreement is based on the principle of cost accounting.
The volume of the deal to be made should be based on the resources at our disposal. These may well include material, intellectual and monetary opportunities.
Before conducting such a transaction, it is necessary to make a full and thorough analysis of the conditions that the current market offers, take into account the features of other proposals and perform a feasibility study. This will avoid the occurrence of unforeseen situations associated with risks.
A transaction that involves contact with companies located outside of our country must be carried out in compliance with bilateral government agreements, international laws and regulations that are in force on the territory of all parties to this process.

In most cases, doing business with other countries for small businesses involves a significant amount of risk situations in which there is a danger of losing profit from the transaction. This may be a consequence legislative features the country in which the partner is located. Therefore, most businessmen prefer to apply to law firms specializing in international law and providing their services at the conclusion of transactions.

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, any citizen has the right to engage in economic activities not prohibited by law.
By virtue of the provisions of Art. Art. 2 and 23 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, it is not entrepreneurial activity as such that is subject to registration, but the citizens who carry it out - individual entrepreneurs.
Citizens who have received the status of an individual entrepreneur in accordance with the established procedure have the right to engage in any type of activity, with the exception of those prohibited by law.

There are types of entrepreneurial activity, on the beginning of which it is necessary to notify the authorized executive body. The list of these species is given in paragraph 2 of Art. 8 of the Federal Law N 294-FZ. The procedure for notifying federal executive authorities (their territorial subdivisions) of the commencement of implementation certain types activities, as well as a list of works (services) performed (rendered) in the implementation of these types of activities, are given in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 584.

In order to exclude individual entrepreneurs from carrying out certain types of activities, as a rule, a licensing mechanism is used. The list of licensed activities is given in Art. 17 of the Federal Law N 128-FZ.

In some cases, restrictions on the activities of individual entrepreneurs are directly prescribed in the laws governing relations in certain sectors of the economy.
For clarity, we present in the table a list of activities that individual entrepreneurs are not entitled to engage in.

Kind of activity	Grounds for the ban
Production of alcohol, wholesale and retail trade in alcohol	Paragraph 1 of Art. 16, pp. 5, 10 art. 18 Federal Law N 171-FZ
Activities in the field of aviation technology (development, production, repair, testing)	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 27, 2002 N 346
Activities in the field of armaments and military equipment(development, production, repair, disposal)	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 26, 2008 N 889
Activities in the field of production of weapons and ammunition	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 26, 2008 N 890
Trading in weapons and ammunition	Article 18 of the Federal Law of December 13, 1996 N 150-FZ "On Weapons", Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2010 N 482
Activities in the field of production and disposal of ammunition	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 26, 2008 N 891
Activities in the field of production, storage, use and distribution of explosive materials for industrial use	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2008 N 279
Production of pyrotechnics and distribution of class IV and V pyrotechnic products	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 26, 2002 N 467
Production of medicines	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.09.2010 N 684
Activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs	Federal Law N 3-FZ, Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.11.2006 N 648, of 07.04.2008 N 249
Activities related to the employment of citizens of the Russian Federation outside the country	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 23, 2006 N 797
Activities for the organization and conduct of gambling	Paragraph 1 of Art. 6 of Federal Law N 244-FZ, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 17, 2007 N 451
Private (non-state) security activities	Article 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation N 2487-1
Activities in the securities market (brokerage, dealer activities, management securities etc.)	Chapter 2 of the Federal Law N 39-FZ
Activities of non-state insurance funds	Federal Law N 75-FZ
Activities of investment funds, mutual investment funds, as well as activities for the management of these funds	Federal Law N 156-FZ
Activities related to the examination of industrial safety	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 22, 2006 N 389
space activities	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2006 N 403
Activities for the sale and transmission of electrical energy	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 31, 2006 N 530

If individual entrepreneurs have doubts about the possibility of carrying out a particular licensed type of activity, they should seek clarification from federal authorities executive branch for licensing. A complete list of these bodies is given in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 45. This document approved the List of activities, the licensing of which is carried out by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

PS Consultant Plus

Having decided to go into self-employment, the first thing to do is to determine the type of activity (VD) that bring the maximum profit. The chosen occupation obliges compliance relevant requirements.

In some cases, registration of IP may not be enough, and the organization of a legal entity will be required. Also, an indication of the type of activity according to the all-Russian classifier is necessary at the time of registering a business with the Federal Tax Service.

It is better to choose the right directions at the very beginning, before starting work, so as not to waste time making changes in the future.

Main and additional

Russian legislation, the number of types of IP activities not limited. When registering and registering for tax purposes, you must specify one main type, the rest will be considered additional.

Isolation of the main VD also requires statistics for a more convenient classification of IP. In addition, the selected code is important for the FSS, since it determines the injury rate.

There are no obligations in reality to engage in all these areas. But to carry out activities, information about which is not listed in the register, the entrepreneur is not in the right.

When adding to the list, it is important to consider that some activities are possible only with permission special services or if licensed. If there will be no actual work on them, such species do not need to be indicated.

You can switch from one registered view to another. There is no need to always stick to the main activity. Temporary cessation of work on the main type is also not prohibited.

Advertising services.
Consulting and legal support.
Publishing and printing.
Organization of entertainment events.
Personnel selection.
Wholesale trade.
Various types of creative activity.
Transportation using cars.
Retail some types of goods.

Requiring consent and permission

In some areas of business, in order to get started, you first need get permission from a number of regulatory authorities, which check the level of workplace safety, the likelihood of harm to employees and consumers.

are subject to control technical condition premises and compliance with sanitary standards. The permission to start a business is issued by relevant service: sanitary and epidemiological, fire inspection, Ministry of Emergency Situations, city administration, urban planning and architecture department, etc.

Until they are ready from all the necessary regulatory organizations, the IP cannot start work.

The group of activities requiring permission and approval includes such directions, how:

Retail food products.
Organization Catering(cafes, restaurants, bars, canteens, etc.).
Food production (bakery, sausage shop, smokehouse, etc.
Manufacture of consumer goods.
Entertainment services that involve the possibility of injury (shooting range, paintball club).
Cosmetic services, hairdressers, manicure rooms, SPA-salons and other beauty services.

Licensed

There are VDs that you can deal with only after receiving the appropriate license. Activities subject to licensing are controlled by federal laws.

To obtain a license, you must complete set of conditions regarding the parameters of the premises used, technical equipment, availability required documents, skill level of performers.

The list of all types of activities available to individual entrepreneurs, for which a license is required, consists of 50 items.

They include:

Private security, search service.
Transportation of passengers.
Manufacture of certain medicines and medical equipment.
Medical activity.
Services in the field of education.
Activities related to hydrometeorology or geophysics.
Work related to military or aviation technology.
Activities involving the storage, transportation and use of flammable and chemical agents.
Retail sale of excisable goods (alcohol, tobacco).

Forbidden

For certain types of work for individual entrepreneurs it is worth ban. These include the military and chemical industry, activities in the field of economics and finance, as well as everything that can threaten people's lives.

If an entrepreneur wants to work in any of the listed areas, it is necessary to organize entity, which has a different list of powers and obligations in contrast to the IP.

Production and wholesale alcohol.
Distribution of weapons and ammunition (cartridges, spare parts).
Creation, testing and repair of military equipment.
Activities in the field of space exploration.
Production and storage of explosives.
Work on the sale of electricity.
Activities related to drugs.
Organization of non-state pension and mutual investment funds.
Activities in the banking sector.
Anything related to gambling.
Media on television and radio.
Passenger and freight transportation using air transport.
An industry that harms the environment.

You can learn how to add types of IP activities in this video.

How to choose OKVED and indicate it correctly in 2018

To, you need to contact the Federal Tax Service. What the entrepreneur plans to do is indicated in the application using the appropriate codes from of the all-Russian classifier types of economic activity (OKVED). For initial registration, it is necessary to have the code of one main VD, but it is better to immediately enter additional ones.

An updated classifier has been in force since 2018, therefore, from January 1, activity codes must be taken from it. The classifier is structured by sectors of the economy, each section is under a certain Latin letter.

The code itself is made up of 6 numbers. The first two designate the class to which the activity belongs, the next two define the group, the remaining two define the subgroup and species. In the application, it is enough to indicate the first 4 digits of the selected code, then specific directions included in one group will be automatically included.

In the future, the entrepreneur can replace or add new OKVED codes. To do this, you need to submit an application to the tax office again, making changes to the types of activities does not require payment of state duty.

A responsibility

An individual entrepreneur is responsible for the timeliness and reliability of the mandatory information provided about the IP in the Federal Tax Service. OKVED codes refer to mandatory information.

If an entrepreneur is engaged in activities, information about which is not recorded in the USRIP regarding this individual entrepreneur, the data about him is not reliable. Or if the start of this activity occurred before the corresponding change was made to the register, the IP data was not entered in time.

According to the law, registration of changes is given three days. For such violations of IP, only an administrative fine of 5,000 rubles threatens. No other measures are provided for entrepreneurs engaged in work not specified in the registration documents.

But non-compliance with the requirements of the regulatory authorities in the case of certain types of activities are issued severe fines and possible suspension of work until the violations are corrected. The absence of a compulsory license generally means that the work is illegal and may face criminal liability.

popular business

Since an individual entrepreneur, unlike legal entities, bears full financial responsibility with their personal property, entrepreneurs who have chosen this form of organizing their business are trying to choose the type of activity that will require minimal investment.

Lending and investment are not widely available for individual entrepreneurs. Complex production involves expensive equipment, higher requirements for the premises, for the level of special training of personnel, and strict safety rules.

Therefore, most often, entrepreneurs start with retail, providing household services and small scale production.

In the wake of import substitution propaganda, it has become popular to open small shops offering farm products.
Bread is always the most demanded product, so in all cities there are private bakeries and pastry shops.
Today, a huge number of goods can be bought via the Internet. The most favorable prices for those who buy, albeit in small, but wholesale lots. This allows you to make resale profitable. Retail sale of non-food products is the most common type of activity among individual entrepreneurs.
Increasingly, people are willing to pay for comfort, most urban residents no longer count on own forces in many everyday situations. Hence the growing interest of entrepreneurs in providing services such as repair and cleaning of premises, installation of furniture and equipment, delivery of goods, etc.

With the opening of IP, many are just starting to do business. Perhaps the main task of a novice entrepreneur is to choose the right type of activity. The law allows you to try your hand at different areas without wasting time on numerous re-registrations.

Each businessman, in turn, must take a responsible approach to the issue of obtaining the necessary permits, timely payment of taxes and reporting.

The selection of activities is described in this video.

Wanting to come into individual entrepreneurship, a person asks the question - which IP is better to open for beginners, how to do it with minimum investment, and what business ideas to use? The desire to start your own business is commendable, but it is important to do it right, take into account all the nuances so that the business develops and brings satisfaction along with a stable income.

There are several main areas in which a novice IP can develop:

Production of goods;
service;
mediation;
work related to the possession of information;
there is a business on partnerships.

The first type of questions does not raise - an individual entrepreneur is engaged in the production of some goods, household or food, and sells it to customers. The provision of services is also a rather simple thing: the future entrepreneur offers himself as a performer. For example, a person with knowledge of electricians makes minor home repairs, a carpenter fulfills orders for furniture (this is a business in the field of goods and services at the same time), etc.

Becoming an intermediary, an individual entrepreneur works according to the classic business scheme - the purchase of goods at favorable price and sell it for profit. Subspecies - a situation where a person brings the seller and the buyer together, receiving an intermediary percentage from this. This is where salesmanship is critical.

Business for individual entrepreneurs in the information sphere today looks attractive. So, if an individual entrepreneur has knowledge in mathematics and other subjects, he can become a tutor, conduct courses, and help in writing papers. Any expert knowledge becomes a means of earning if you find those who need this information.

Partnership is an interesting type of business. For example, there are cases when large corporations turned to so-called problem solvers to solve complex problems. These are people with a unique vision of the situation, the ability to assess current position cases and find an original way out of the crisis. A case in point is when a major sports shoe manufacturer could not beat employee theft. The invited specialist suggested a simple solution: to spread the production of left-handed sneakers to a separate factory, to another region. An individual entrepreneur can offer ideas to the management of a partner firm, receiving a benefit.

An individual entrepreneur has a separate status in business - he is both a citizen and a legal entity. According to the Civil Code, there are few restrictions on the activities of individual entrepreneurs - but they exist, and some of them relate to types of business acceptable for individual entrepreneurs.

Legal classification:

Prohibited activity.
Requiring permission.
subject to licensing.
Ordinary - that is, carried out without restrictions and prohibitions.

Let's consider them in order.

It is important to understand: the work of an individual entrepreneur is regulated by law. It spells out the requirements and responsibilities of the individual entrepreneur, as well as the permitted areas of activity.

Individual entrepreneurs are prohibited from doing anything that is dangerous to the health and lives of people. The "forbidden" list of businesses also includes the military industry, the production of chemicals and certain sectors of the financial and economic sphere.

The IP cannot:

distribute and produce alcohol-containing products;
trade in weapons, ammunition, weapon parts;
produce explosives, pyrotechnics and store them;
work in the space industry;
to broadcast on TV and radio channels;
open mutual funds and NPFs - pension funds not owned by the state;
work with drugs, psychotropic substances;
carry out activities in the field of work of Russians outside the country;
engage in air transportation;
sell electricity;
open a gambling business (including lotteries);
open an enterprise that actively influences the environment;
develop, test and repair military equipment.

The above list of businesses is incomplete, there are approximately 40 positions in it. If a citizen still wants to do business in areas prohibited for individual entrepreneurs, he must either abandon this idea or register himself as a legal entity.

With permission

Some (VDs) need to obtain a business permit from regulatory authorities when it is necessary to ensure the safety of the enterprise, employees and customers. Their list is quite large, it includes items such as catering services and sales food products, beauty salons, entertainment services, etc.

To engage in them, an individual entrepreneur must obtain an appropriate license.

Today the list contains about 50 items, the main ones are:

services in the field of education (except for tutoring);
passenger transportation, with minor exceptions to the rule;
operations with military and aircraft equipment;
medical services, production and sale of medicines and medical equipment;
business with little impact on the environment;
private investigation and security;
use and storage of fire and explosive substances, chemicals.

To engage in them, a special room equipped with appropriate equipment should be equipped, documentation prepared and a license obtained.

They are safe for people, and the entrepreneur is not required to comply with any business requirements for these PDs. You can start working immediately after registration with the supervisory authorities.

The majority of areas of interest to individual entrepreneurs belong to ordinary VDs:

The SP can change the ID at will. All that is needed is to enter the relevant data into the USRIP through the tax office by submitting an application there with the changed code (codes) of the business activity. When registering and subsequent changes, you can specify several codes, there is no official restriction. However, there is a recommendation - up to 30 VD.

When starting a business, it is important not to make a mistake with the tax system.

An entrepreneur, no matter what kind of internal affairs he is engaged in, interacts with the tax inspectorate. When registering a business, a tax regime is selected that determines the procedure for this interaction and the tax burden. And if the individual entrepreneur hires employees, the choice will affect the tariffing of payments to the FSS and the PFR. It is advisable to choose the best type of system for beginner IPs in advance, at the stage of business planning.

Our state is trying to ease the tax conditions for entrepreneurs by offering businesses a differentiated system of rates.

In 2017, there are several forms of taxation for individual entrepreneurs:

suitable for any IP;
the tax is levied on the income of an individual, value added and average annual cost property;
13-30% tax rate on FL, 0-18% VAT, up to 2% on property;
reporting is submitted in the form 3-NDFL and 4-NDFL.

is divided into two types - "income" and "income minus expenses";
Suitable for sole proprietors with up to 100 employees. and income up to 150 million rubles a year;
under the “income” system, the rate is 6% (with the possibility of reducing it by regional authorities);
for "income minus expenses" rate of 5-15%, also at the discretion of the local authorities;
the report is submitted in the form of an annual declaration, taxes are paid quarterly in advance, and the final payment is made at the end of the year.

using it, you can open and launch an individual entrepreneur with up to 100 employees, working in trade or services ( local government may expand this area or abolish the entire tax regime);
imputed (i.e., expected to be received) income is taxed;
rate 7.5-15%;
reporting in the form of a quarterly tax return, every 3 months. paid a fixed amount.

individual entrepreneurs have no more than 15 employees, and incomes up to 60 million / year;
subject to the potential income established by local laws;
6% rate (from 0 for Sevastopol and Crimea);
declaration is not given. An individual entrepreneur acquires a patent for a certain period - from a month to a year.

OSNO is considered the main one, others are classified as special, due to the presence of features in the conditions. Some offer tax incentives.

The individual entrepreneur has the right to choose the most beneficial system for himself.

So, BASIC is good for everyone. According to the simplified tax system, it is impossible to engage in some VDs - insurance, banking, production of excisable goods, etc. (all VDs are indicated in the tax code, article 346.12). UTII - mainly suitable for trade IP and the service sector. In addition, in Moscow, for example, UTII is not valid, and in the regions it will be canceled by 2021.

PSN is similar to UTII, but is suitable for a narrow circle of VD, in addition, for each type of business, you will have to buy a separate patent. Also, a patent purchased in one region is not valid in another. As for the ESHN, it is suitable only for agricultural producers. If you open an enterprise that processes products, you cannot use the system. Under ESHN, an individual entrepreneur is obliged to engage only in agricultural production, which should bring from 70 percent of income.

Taxation under the simplified tax system is “zero” two years after the formation of an individual entrepreneur, under the conditions:

work in social sphere, science or industry;
registration of an entrepreneur after the adoption of the law on zero tax for businesses in the field.

The same applies to PSN.

If an individual entrepreneur has involved different VDs, taxation is combined. For example, production works according to OSNO, and trade - according to UTII. And income from renting housing and tutoring is suitable for PSN.

There is a simple algorithm of actions for choosing a business IA:

Among the ideas of an individual entrepreneur, business ideas are different.

Popular options in 2017:

Of course, this is not a complete list of possible VDs that an individual entrepreneur can deal with. Just look around and you will surely find interesting idea to sell a product or provide a requested service.

It might be useful to read: