Equipment used for the production of flour. Flour milling equipment Business idea rice flour products

The mini flour mill is very profitable business. It does not require huge starting investments and pays off fairly quickly. Also, the manufactured products are in demand in the market at any time of the year.

Business Features

Household mills for grain processing are able to work with a large volume of raw materials. This value can reach 0.5-1 t/h, which is a very good indicator. To start production from scratch, you need to invest at least 50 thousand dollars (provided that you have your own or rented premises without the need for overhaul). Under other circumstances, the starting capital must be increased several times. Despite this, small capacity flour mills offer numerous advantages:

if necessary, all equipment can be upgraded, its profile can be changed;
low operating costs, which leads to low production costs;
there is no need to hire a large staff of service personnel and qualified specialists in order to establish a mini-production of the required capacity;
the availability of the possibility of producing a variety of products that are in demand at this particular time;
such a plant can be located near the source of raw materials for production, which will reduce transportation costs.

The simple things of flour production

The principle of operation of the mini-factory

The scheme of work in the presence of a small flour production plant is as follows:

Wholesale purchase of grain of the first grade.
Processing of raw materials into flour using modern equipment that has the necessary capacity.
Sales of received products end user wholesale or retail.
Sale of waste that remains in the process of grain processing. These products include bran. They are sold as feed for poultry and animals.

If you are engaged in the production of premium flour, in the process of grain processing you can get 60-72% finished products the right quality. Also remains 28-40% of bran, which are subject to sale.

To expand the range of presented products, it is possible to produce small-scale batches of other goods - wholemeal flour, with bran, and others. Their release is focused on certain groups of buyers and is in high demand.

Raw material requirements

For grain, as a raw material for the production of flour, the following requirements are presented:

the amount of moisture in wheat of soft varieties - 14.5%, in durum - 15%;
volumetric weight - 750-850 g / l;
the presence of organic and inorganic impurities - no more than 1.5%;
the amount of metal inclusions - a maximum of 0.02%;
the volume of mineral impurities - 0.3%;
the amount of cockle - 0.5%;
the volume of germinated grains is 0.3%.

The mill can process exceptionally high quality grain that does not show signs of spoilage. Also, the raw materials should not contain foreign inclusions and mold.

Stages of processing raw materials in mini-productions

Vorohoochistitel VO - 50

The mini-mill provides an opportunity to get a quality product that will be in demand in the market. To achieve this, you need to adhere to a certain technological scheme. It includes the following steps in the process of producing high quality products:

Room for a mini-factory

Also, the flour mill must be placed in an industrial building of a certain area. With a capacity of up to 1 t / h, it is necessary to prepare a room with an area of 30-40 square meters. m, and with an indicator of 1-10 t / h - 100-300 sq. m. It is also necessary to organize spacious warehouses for storing finished products and raw materials. Their area can be several times larger than the size of industrial premises.

Grain in warehouses can be stored in a silo and floor way. In the first case, raw materials are placed in vertical structures, the maximum height of which is 60 m. Silo structures are not cheap, but they are of high quality and reliability. If it is decided to use the floor storage method, the grain can be stored in bulk or in special containers. This method is less efficient but more economical.

Necessary equipment

The flour mill must be equipped with a whole range of equipment, without which it is impossible to organize efficient production.

Cereal cleaning device

The principle of operation of this equipment is as follows:

Grain is poured into the receiving hopper, which is to be cleaned from various impurities.
The raw material passes through an aspiration column, where light particles are removed under the action of an air stream.
The grain enters the separator. With its help, there is a separation into small and large impurities.
Getting into the puppet collector, the raw material is cleaned of plant seeds and other small particles.
With the help of a scouring mechanism and an aspiration column, the prepared grain is cleaned of dust and dirt.
With the help of a special machine, the raw materials are moistened, followed by hardening.
Fully prepared grain goes to household mills to produce the necessary products.

Mill

Household flour mills work according to the following principle:

Grain from the receiving hopper enters the roller machine.
The mixture obtained during the grinding process is transferred to the cellar bunker.
The product is sorted into fractions.
The cycle described above is repeated three times. This makes it possible to obtain products such as flour, bran and intermediate raw materials (it is recycled).

Filling machine

Household mills must be equipped with packaging lines that allow you to get the finished product for sale. They include the following mechanisms:

storage device;
transportation equipment;
separator for removal of metal inclusions;
sifter;
packing units;
package grouping module;
sewing head;
various sensors and more.

1. Hopper 2. Conveyor 3. Doser 4. Dust removal system 5. Outfeed conveyor 6. Bag sewing machine

Mini-mills with the following equipment will allow you to get a quality product that will be in demand in the market. The use of standard packaging from 500 g to 3 kg will increase profits as a result of an increase in the range.

Business plan

The flour mill is profitable business, because to get high profitability it is necessary to purchase equipment with good performance. On average, household mills of medium power will cost 1.1-1.2 million rubles.

In order to recoup such an enterprise in 1-1.5 years, it is necessary to ensure the grain processing process in 2 shifts. The average productivity of the equipment should be 0.5-3 t/h. Also, household mills can be additionally equipped with other units - platform scales (cost from 20 thousand rubles), bag sewing units (average price 15-25 thousand rubles). They are not mandatory, but the benefits are tangible.

When calculating profit, the following should be taken into account:

The flour mill processes wheat, which costs $200 per ton.
The average price for 1 kg of flour is $0.37, and bran is $0.08.
From 1 ton of grain, you can get 720 kg of flour and 280 kg of bran.
After the sale of products, the income is 288.8 dollars.
Net profit from 1 ton of grain - 88.8 dollars.

With a capacity of 1 t/h, about 170-180 tons of raw materials can be processed per month. This will allow you to get 15-16 thousand dollars of net profit. Therefore, we can assume that the flour mill is a fairly profitable business when using efficient and high-performance equipment.

Video: Flour production process

Alexander Savkov's company has a loud name - "Ochakovsky Food Ingredients Plant", but the scale is not suitable. Compact mill, industrial mixer and filling machine, that's all the equipment. True, it occupies a small part of the floor rented at one of the enterprises of the Moscow industrial zone. An already purchased German unit will be installed on the free area. “We will grow up,” says the owner. “In terms of flour, our capabilities were realized by seventy percent, and by additives - only by ten percent.”

Flour and food additives are not original products. Nevertheless, the revenue of Savkov's company is growing by an average of 30% per year and this year is likely to exceed 110 million rubles. OKPI produces limited demand flour - barley, corn, rice and mixtures of flavoring and functional additives for various products. Moreover, in such batches that other manufacturers will not undertake. Savkov's approach is to seek profit in small things. There was no other choice: at the time of the creation of the business, all of its capital was reduced to managerial experience, and $100,000 had to be borrowed to start.

“I like production,” the entrepreneur, who graduated from Tomsk Polytechnic University, explains without a hint of posturing. After receiving an engineering degree, he moved to Moscow in 2000. He was hired by the Fisonik company, which invested in energy-saving technologies. Its founders also considered non-core projects, and Savkov ventured to put forward ideas from himself. Only on the sixth attempt did he achieve agreement. Mosobltara sold equipment for the manufacture of glassine - impregnated cardboard. Since glassine is used in roofing, Savkov suggested resuming production in order to sell the material. construction companies. Shamil Iskhakov, co-owner of Fisonik, gave him $40,000.

The current miller recalls that already in the third month he was haunted by one thought - to bring the matter to mind, sell it and no longer take on such projects. As production director, Savkov received $400 a month, counting on a share in the profits in the future. The desire to “go out beautifully” helped to cope with a bunch of problems. Within a year, the investment paid off, and the parchment shop was sold for $80,000. Savkov was paid a bonus of $12,000. Encouraged by the fact that everything was successful, he agreed to the boss’s proposal to participate in the competition for projects for the resuscitation of the Pirkenhammer Czech porcelain factory, which was bought by Iskhakov. The tender was conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers. Savkov admits that he had a trump card - knowledge of investor sentiment. As a result, his project was approved - economical: all viable equipment is restored and concentrated in one workshop. The author agreed to minimum wage- €800. But he could gain unique experience and understanding of all the processes of organizing complex production. “I personally made about 2,500 plates,” the entrepreneur boasts. Having revived, in 2004 the plant produced up to 50,000 items per month. And then Savkov's work permit in the Czech Republic was canceled when he tried to get a visa for his pregnant wife at the embassy.

Alexander did not protest, judging that he was now able to find Good work in Moscow. And he was hired as a director of production at Rosgame with a salary of $6,000. The gambling market grew rapidly, Rosgame shareholders expanded the production of slot machines. “Alexander was distinguished by his initiative and willingness to take on a large amount of tasks,” notes Evgeny Matveychuk, a former shareholder of Rosgame (now the owner of the Kooker’s cafe chain). “He controlled everything so clearly that we could be calm about the state of affairs.” Savkov was promoted to executive, and then CEO. If in 2004 Rosgame sold equipment for $27 million, then in 2006 - for $55 million. The company has a network of 40 "R-clubs". It all ended when a law was passed in December 2006 banning gambling clubs. The enterprise was closed, the equipment was sold out.

Savkov had to look for work again. Having been interviewed at Mars and Formula Cinema, he chose the least status option - the position executive director in a company created by his acquaintance at Khladokombinat No. 7 (G. F. Ai Rus - production of ingredients for soft ice cream). According to Alexander, in a young growing business, he hoped to achieve more than as one of the managers in a large project.

One day, a customer who was buying powdered sugar asked if they could also supply rice flour. Savkov studied the issue and found that such a product in the Moscow region is constantly being produced by a single enterprise. It is unprofitable for large mills to make small batches of rare types of flour, although there is a sales market - confectionery companies, manufacturers of snacks and ready-made breakfasts, meat processors (flour with a high starch content is added to sausages and sausages). The average profitability of wheat flour production is 5-7%, rice flour - 20-25%. Savkov convinced the owner of GEF I Rus to buy the mill, and when he did not agree on a share in the project with him, he decided to create his own company.

Just at that moment, a potential investor appeared - Roman Cherepanov, co-owner of the Nova Leasing and Olymp Engineering companies, a classmate of Savkov's wife. Together with his partner Dmitry Zemlyakov, he agreed to provide $100,000 in exchange for a 50% stake in the project. “As friendly help,” Cherepanov explains.

In February 2008, Savkov established OOO Ochakiv Food Ingredients, ordered a mill, and found premises. In the summer, the company started working. “When we already had clients, I talked with the manager of one mill,” says Alexander. “He said that we can make up to 5 tons of flour a day, and heard: the laboratory level, we make 200–300 tons.” But already in 2009, OKPI's revenue amounted to about 30 million rubles. Savkov agreed to produce batches of even 500 kg and with weekly deliveries - so that the client did not have to order and buy out large volumes.

Where there is flour, there are food additives - flavors, emulsifiers, stabilizers, etc. And the market is wider - both dairy enterprises and canned food producers need additives. What you need: find out the needs, order mixture recipes from food institutes, purchase additional equipment. With additives more cost-effective than flour, the business began to grow faster. In 2012, OKPI sold products for 90 million rubles, flour brought in less than a third of the proceeds.

Compared to the market leaders, this is quite a bit. The revenue of the PTI group of companies - the largest manufacturer of food additives - in 2012 exceeded 3 billion rubles (they do not comment on the activities of a small competitor). Nevertheless, OKPI products are purchased by such giants as Cherkizovo and Mikoyanovsky Meat Processing Plant. Large customers account for about half of the revenue. “We take only a few items and in small volumes, but we are satisfied with the combination of price, quality and service,” says Alexander Kostikov, a representative of Cherkizovo. - OKPI is a mobile company, promptly responds to requests.

Back in 2011, Savkov bought out investors' shares by taking out a bank loan (according to Cherepanov, he invested for a year or two and left the project because this business he is not interested). There is now enough profit and short-term loans for development. When OKPI capacities are loaded, what will happen next? "Let's master new market. Here, we are studying the prospects, - Alexander points to a pile of nutrition bars on his desk. - We want to create a tablet with a complete set of proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids. It's time to make products for end users."

In this material:

The flour production business should be based on real calculations made taking into account the state of affairs in a particular region, after analyzing the market situation. The document helps to clearly plan both investments at the start and the expected profit, assess the profitability of the business and its feasibility.

Flour is a product that any housewife can find. On an industrial scale, this raw material is in demand at bakeries and private bakeries; it is used for the manufacture of pasta and breading. Despite the relatively high competition, the need for flour is inexhaustible, which means that the flour production business is economically profitable.

Features of the flour milling business

When deciding for yourself on what scale flour production will be organized, you need to understand that modern high-performance equipment allows you to ensure a high yield of the final product, organize the supply of large lots to factories and other interested objects. But at the same time, a small flour mill requires less start-up costs and allows you to manage with a minimum number of workers.

Not being seasonal, the flour production business depends on fluctuations in exchange rates, reliability of raw material suppliers, and crops in specific regions.

What raw material is flour made from?

Along with the traditionally habitual wheat flour of the highest, first and second grade, grains of other cereals can be used in production - rye, barley, oats, corn, spelled, rice, as well as from buckwheat, soybeans, peas.

Flour from different types raw materials differ in taste and energy indicators, different in calorie content and chemical composition.

Flour is divided depending on the purpose:

bakery;
confectionery;
pasta.

Depending on grind:

thin;
coarse (whole grain).

Flour production technology

During the production process, the grain goes through several stages of processing and processing until the finished product is obtained.

Input control of raw materials. At this stage, the quality of the grain, its compliance with the norms and requirements of technological documentation is assessed.
Preparation and cleaning of grain.
Peeling and grinding of raw materials (separation of films).
Grinding (crushing) of grains.
Sifting flour, separating unground grains.
Packing of finished products.

Organizational plan of the enterprise

Production registration

To register a private business, it is necessary to draw up documents for an individual entrepreneur or LLC. If you do not plan to work with legal entities, then IP is enough.

For registration, you will need an application to the tax office to obtain a TIN, an application, a photocopy of your passport and a receipt for payment of state duty.

To register an LLC, you need a Charter, a decision to establish a company, an order to appoint a head, information about the authorized capital and a personal account number.

OKVED code 2 - 10.6 - "Production of products of the flour-grinding industry, starch and starch-containing products."
To obtain a license required for grain processing, Rospotrebnadzor must submit quality documents for raw materials (from the supplier), technological documentation for machinery and equipment, schemes technological process, health and safety instructions.

Room search

The room for the equipment of the flour mill must comply with the norms of sanitary and hygienic documents, be equipped with ventilation, have water supply, sewerage, and electrical supply.

Before installing the equipment and starting work, the shop is treated against rodents.

In addition to the main premises for the workshop, warehouses for grain and finished products - flour, utility rooms will be required.

The production room should be located next to a convenient road junction or road to facilitate the transport of grain and the removal of flour.

Purchase of equipment

The flour mill requires:

devices for preliminary processing and preparation of grain;
flour mill;
equipment for filling and packing.

But in addition to the three main positions, as a rule, additional machines are required for the formation of grinding batches and their storage, devices for separating impurities, grinding grains, separators for separating fractions, flour milling rolling machines, sorting sieve machines, brush, whip machines.

The price of machines for the flour mill is directly related to their productivity. Some entrepreneurs prefer to buy used equipment. It is much cheaper than a new one, but often it is either obsolete or not under warranty, unlike a new one.

The domestic manufacturer offers prices lower than those of foreign competitors.

Formation of staff

The staff of a private flour mill is small: 2 workers who have been trained on the spot or have experience in similar work, a technologist (shop foreman), a laboratory assistant who provides input control of grain and finished flour, a room cleaner, a storekeeper (1 or 2).

Gradually, gaining momentum and increasing production, you will have to hire an accountant, a purchasing and sales manager.

Advertising and search for flour distribution channels

To establish sales, it is necessary to negotiate and conclude agreements with organizations dealing with flour: bakeries, confectioneries, baking shops, as well as agriculture(if the plans include the release of compound feed).

In addition to working directly, you can attract intermediaries, expanding the horizons of sales. Best Advertising– quality products, positive reviews partners. You can release any number of printed products, but on initial stage it is important to personally negotiate, offer free samples.

Project financial indicators

Investments and current expenses

rent for 3 months - 100 thousand rubles;
purchase and installation of equipment - 1.5 million rubles;
advertising expenses, paperwork - 80 thousand rubles;
purchase of grain to start work - 200 thousand rubles.

To current expenses relate:

rent, communal payments- 100 thousand rubles;
salary, taxes - 150 thousand rubles.

In some cases, shipping costs must be taken into account.

Income and expected profit, profitability assessment

Statistics say that the profitability of the flour milling business is approximately 20-22%. It will be possible to recoup the costs and start working in profit in 12-18 months with a work shift of 12 hours without stops and days off.

The greater the power and productivity of the machines, the more products can be obtained per shift. Warehouses for raw materials and finished products should be designed to store a ten-day supply.

The flour milling business is interesting and relevant, having chosen a complex necessary equipment in a good price / quality ratio, you can organize profitable production relatively "little blood".

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Since ancient times, flour has been the basis of the human diet. From flour products, our body receives the nutrients necessary for human life. They contain vitamins and valuable minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. These nutrients are essential for the normal functioning of the human brain.

In modern production of flour products is fully automated. Used to make flour various equipment and manufacturing technology.

Flour is a powdered product obtained by crushing cereals.

It is classified according to several criteria: by species, types and varieties.

The species is determined by the grain used.

The type is determined in accordance with the intended purpose.

The variety is determined by the amount of product obtained from 100 grams of cereals. The more it is obtained at the output, the lower the grade.

Interesting fact! One grain yields about 20 milligrams of flour. It takes about 10,000 of these grains to make one loaf of bread.

AT modern production The most popular types of flour are:

wheat;
rye;
oatmeal;
rice;
barley;
buckwheat;
corn.

It has the highest popularity in the production of flour products. It has a high calorie content. Contains all the nutrients necessary for life. It is used for the manufacture of bakery and products.

Contains essential amino acids, vitamins and trace elements. It is used for the production of nutrient mixtures, bakery and culinary products. It is often mixed with wheat for special nutritional benefits.

oatmeal

It is high in carbohydrates and nutrients. Technology lean manufacturing allows you to save a rich composition of vitamins A, B and E.

Used for the manufacture of culinary pastries. Used as a food additive for various types flour products.

Rice

Contains a high amount of starch. Rich in vitamins and beneficial trace elements. Has dietary properties.

It is used for the manufacture of infant formulas and dietary products. Used to prepare various sauces, breading meat and fish dishes.

barley

Contains a fairly large number of trace elements. Normalizes work digestive tract. Removes harmful substances and toxins from the body. Widely used as a nutritional supplement for various types of food.

Buckwheat

Differs in its useful dietary properties. Easily digested and absorbed human body. Contains nutrients and amino acids. It is used for cooking various cereals and culinary pastries.

corn

It has unique taste, nutritional and healing qualities. The composition of corn grain includes all the substances necessary for the life of the body.

Cornmeal is made from yellow and white corn. Corn is rich in starch, iron, carotene and vitamins PP, E, D, B1.

AT Food Industry There are three main types of flour:

Bakery. Used for the production of bakery products and yeast dough.
Macaroni. Widely used for the production of pasta and spaghetti.
Confectionery. Used for production confectionery and baking.

Flour grade

In modern food production the following varieties are regulated:

Extra (grain) - 10–25%.
The highest grade (bakery) - 25–50%.
First grade (universal) - 25-70%.
Second grade (butter) - 70-85%.
Wallpaper - 95% or more.

Flour normalizes metabolism, regulates digestion, removes toxins, strengthens muscles, prevents diathesis and dysbacteriosis.

An adult needs from 300 to 500 grams of bread per day. With heavy physical exertion, this rate increases to 700 grams. For children and adolescents, the daily dose of bread consumption is 150-400 grams.

Production equipment

For the production of flour, the following equipment is used:

equipment for preparing grain for crushing;
mill complex;
packing unit.

Flour production equipment is supplied in sets ready for production immediately after installation and commissioning.

The main suppliers of production equipment are MILLTECH plants from Turkey, SKIOLD in Denmark, Penzmash OJSC in Russia.

Transportation and preparation of raw materials

Grain is brought in railway wagons. Railway tracks go directly to the territory of the mill.

Flour transportation is possible by all means of transport

Grain wagons are different from conventional freight wagons. They have a conical shape and several hatches at the bottom.

The locomotive brings the wagons to the section of the tracks, which is located above the receiving bunker equipment. The hatches open and the contents are poured into the bunker. From the bunker, along the underground conveyor, the grain is transferred to the top floor of the elevator and placed in a storage tank.

Then a sample of each batch of raw materials is sent to the laboratory for testing. Laboratory workers investigate and determine the possibility of using grain for the production of flour.

The studied samples are checked for the presence of grain pests. To do this, use equipment that has two sieves with different cell diameters. Microparticles during sieving pass through the sieve and fall in the form of sediment on the tray.

Then the studied samples are checked for contamination with impurities of other crops. After completion of laboratory studies, a batch of grain is sent to the mill.

A modern mill complex is a powerful equipment several floors high.

The grain begins its journey from the very top of the production structure and is transferred from floor to floor, passing through all stages of production. From the starting point to the finished product, the manufacturing process goes through all the floors from top to bottom.

Raw materials enter the elevator equipment from different fields and have different characteristics. To produce flour of the required quality, grain from different batches is mixed in the required proportion.

Main stages of production

The production process is carried out in 5 stages:

peeling grains;
purification of grains from impurities;
washing and moistening of grain;
finished product packaging.

Peeling grains

Raw materials are cleaned from volatile impurities and husks with a strong air flow. Shredded shells are transferred to another workshop for the production of bran.

Purification of grains from impurities

At this stage, various impurities are selected and removed by thermal hydrotreatment. Under the action of air flow and vibration, impurities are lifted up and removed from the cycle.

With the help of washing equipment, grains are cleaned from dust and dirt. The seeds are then moistened by sprinkling with water to facilitate separation of the kernels from the shells. Moistened grain mass is left to rest for several days and then sent for grinding.

Grinding

Moistened raw materials are crushed at the mill complex with the help of special equipment - roller machines. Crushed grains are repeatedly screened by scattering machines until a homogeneous powdery mass is obtained. The finished product is sent to the packaging shop.

Before packing the goods, the laboratory staff takes a sample of the received batch for analysis. According to the results of the analysis, the flour is assigned a grade.

The following indicators are subject to verification:

the amount of gluten;
gluten quality;
ash content of gluten.

Gluten is a mixture of protein products that make up cereals. Gluten is obtained by sifting flour and washing out protein substances with water. It is a highly plastic viscous mass of gray color.

To determine the amount of gluten, knead the dough. The resulting dough is soaked in water. After 15–20 minutes, all starch is washed out of the dough. The resulting dry residue is gluten. Its weight and elasticity are the result of a test.

The ash content is determined by burning the product in a kiln and weighing the remaining ash. The lower this indicator, the higher its grade.

According to the new rules, a vitamin-mineral mixture is added to the flour of the highest and first grades. Therefore, the products are not only natural and fresh, but also enriched with vitamins.

Finished product packaging

With the help of a filling machine, the finished product is placed in bags. The weight of one bag is 50 kg. The bag is sewn up and sent to the finished product storage area.

Ensuring high yields of cereal crops and application modern technologies production allows Russia to occupy a leading position in the world grain market.

The grain processing business is today a leading one in many countries of the world. Now not only large grain processing plants can be engaged in the production of flour and other grain processing products, but also private agricultural companies. All this is achieved with the help of flour-grinding equipment for grinding grain crops. And now there are a lot of them on the agro-market. Models that include all the necessary and additional functions are produced by various manufacturers in a wide range.

General information about flour milling equipment

Flour-grinding equipment is the main link in the stage of processing grain into flour of different varieties. The bread grain itself has a very hard, even tough and rather dense structure. And its constituent parts have different strength characteristics. That is why special devices are used for flour and grains, designed to provide mechanical effects and destroy the structure of grain crops. Today, there is a wide variety of companies that produce equipment for grinding flour, but all flour-grinding equipment devices, as a rule, perform similar functions to each other, so let's just get acquainted with the principle on which they work.

Technology of operation of flour-grinding equipment

To begin with, the grain is cleaned from the outside of dust, beards and embryos are removed from it. All this is done by scourers and brushes of flour-grinding equipment, or pneumatic separators for grain cleaning. necessary to remove impurities from grain crops. Then the grain is sterilized by a shock mechanism in special entolentors in order to get rid of live pests. If the grinding of flour is divided into varieties, then the grain is subjected to hydrothermal treatment.

Flour-grinding equipment - roller mill

The best solution for processing grain crops into flour of different varieties today is a roller mill. This flour-grinding equipment is a practically complete complex, including such grain processing functions as: grain cleaning, grinding, sifter, transporter and a lot of additional operations. The operation of such a mill is carried out due to simultaneously rotating cylindrical rollers, which are parallel to each other.

The grain passes over these rollers, the surface of which is usually corrugated. Rollers with a corrugated surface are selected individually, depending on the type of grinding. They differ in the number of applied corrugations, size and slope. After the grain has been processed on the rollers, it falls into the roller hopper, from where it goes to the next stage of processing - mill sieving. The grinding process itself takes place in three passes. After the first three grindings, the crushed mixture is sorted, as a result of which three different products are fed for sieving - flour, bran and residual grains. All these products are sent from the screening again to the rollers, now of a smaller caliber.

Then the whole processing cycle is repeated one more time on the flour-grinding equipment, thus, the flour is thoroughly separated from the residual products, and it is divided into varieties. The screening itself consists of two blocks, inside of which wooden frames are inserted, on which the sieves are longitudinally fixed. During the sifting of flour, it is indirectly enriched with oxygen by air flows that are supplied from special aerodynamic installations. After the grain goes through all three phases of grinding and sifting, it is fed to the slaughter. Pneumatic installations also take the grain out for harvesting. Flour milling units can be equipped with additional equipment for transportation, these are the so-called silos, in which flour and other products of the milling process are delivered without containers to rail or road transport.

If the function of packaging in containers is included in the flour-grinding equipment, then after feeding to the batch, the products are packed into bags.

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