The most profitable business in agriculture is the most risky and stable areas of activity. Do you need permission to open. The benefits of farming

The agricultural business is based on the cultivation of vegetables, fruits, herbs, farm animals and poultry. It's hard to say which one is profitable business v agriculture... It's all about food production. Therefore, whether it is a dairy farm or a greenhouse for growing greenery, there is always a buyer. Profitability varies depending on the type of business.

Promising business for the village

Recently, there has been a tendency for urban dwellers to move to rural areas. This is due to the fact that in big cities it is difficult to find decent job due to strong competition, very high cost of housing or its rent, large investments are required to open own business.

V countryside all these issues are solved much easier and faster. Do not think that it is impossible to establish your own business in a village or village. The countryside provides an opportunity to implement a large number of successful business ideas. Wherein stable income provided even at a significant distance from large cities and towns.

Let's get acquainted with a small but interesting list of profitable enterprises for rural areas:

Breeding carp in a pond;
Growing greenery in a greenhouse;
Breeding of poultry for meat and eggs;
Breeding pigs, cows, sheep, rabbits and other animals;
Cultivation of environmentally friendly crops;
Growing seedlings, seedlings, flowers and more;
Sawmill and woodworking;
Harvesting berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants;
Production of canned cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants and other vegetables.

The list is endless. Rural areas involve focusing on a specific field of activity - growing and producing food. But no one will forbid an entrepreneur to organize rural tourism or start producing elite wines.

Most stable business in agriculture

Some enterprising businessmen manage to make money even out of thin air. But in agriculture, this method will not work. It will require not only long-term investment, but also a lot of experience, knowledge, strong nerves and serious labor costs... Only resellers can get easy money on agricultural products. A person who decides to grow animals or vegetables will have to "sweat" very much before the first profit appears.

The most stable activities include:

Processing and storage of agricultural products;
Growing elite seeds;
Fertilizer production;
Agricultural trade.

Most risky business in agriculture

Due to certain characteristics and the impact of a huge number of factors that do not depend on a person, many types of activities in agriculture are very risky. Greatest risk open field cultivation is susceptible. Incomprehensible weather conditions do not give any guarantee that the funds invested in growing plants will at least pay off. With the same sowing and care, a completely different harvest can be obtained each year. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly maintain the crop rotation, otherwise the next year you can completely lose the crop altogether.

Livestock is also one of the unstable areas of income. Prices for meat and milk are constantly changing, and raising animals requires high costs, both for the purchase of young animals and for their maintenance. But this does not mean that this business is not worth investing in. There are many examples of agricultural farms flourishing and generating a lot of income for their owners.

What are the reasons for the difficulties in organizing an agricultural business?

Organization of entrepreneurship in agriculture requires colossal material, physical and energy costs. Based on the all-Russian statistical indicators, despite the cost, such a business is highly profitable.

An entrepreneur has to deal with the following main problems and difficulties in doing business:

Changes in the environmental situation for the worse;
Constant change in climatic conditions;
Epidemiological diseases of animals and poultry, which lead to pestilence or the need to exterminate the population;
Extermination of plant crops by insect pests;
Natural disasters: drought, hurricanes, torrential rains and more;
Increased state standards for products;
Constant control by the sanitary and epidemiological service;
Bureaucratic problems associated with obtaining certificates of quality, conformity and other documentation.

Officials very nicely and forward-looking describe all the delights of doing business in the agricultural industry. In fact, one has to deal with endless bureaucratic delays, lack of subsidies and assistance to small businesses.

Most profitable business

The profitability of a business can be determined based on several indicators. One of them is the presence of increased demand from the population. These indicators correspond to: poultry farming (breeding chickens, quails and geese), growing feed products, growing grain crops and pig breeding.

A lucrative investment can be attributed to the opening of a dairy plant, provided that the purchase of milk will be made from local farmers for a small fee. By buying milk for pennies, the plant gains double profitability by selling prepackaged and processed products.

Interesting videos:

Crop production is the cultivation of cultivated plants. The resulting products are used for own consumption or sale. Starting a plant growing business is very easy. There are several directions, some of them require a minimum start-up investment. To successfully handle the launch entrepreneurial activity, necessary .

Growing requires skill from a person. You will need to pay attention to the most popular products. The payback will depend on the chosen crop culture, equipment, scale and business plan development. Climate plays an important role. The location influences which product the choice will be made.

If an entrepreneur lives in the southern part of Russia, then he has more options. A person who is poorly versed in or fruit, it is better to opt for classic cultivated plants. Cucumbers, tomatoes and similar vegetables can be the basis of a business plan. They are in demand and do not require the skills of a professional agronomist.

If the goal is to create a large-scale agricultural enterprise, you will need to prepare for investing a serious amount. In this case, the initial start-up capital will be at least 1 million rubles.

Main types

Crop production is subdivided into types. There are the most demanded industries that a person should pay attention to first of all. The business plan is built around:

potato growing
grain cultivation
vegetable growing
melon growing
gardening

You can make the final choice based on your own preferences. Attention is also paid to the complexity of cultivation. Novice businessmen with a small start-up capital should choose responsibly.

Business plan

To draw up a business plan, you will need to determine the goals and objectives. First of all, it is important to come up with or borrow an idea that will be implemented.

A well-thought-out crop plan includes:

product
production plan
marketing activities
distribution of finance at first

At the stage of creating a business plan, it is determined how all the main tasks that will arise in the course of work will be solved.

It should be understood that it will be necessary to divide it into 2 parts: the cost of starting a business and the cost of maintaining the activity in the first time. It is necessary to calculate the capital in such a way that it will definitely be enough, even if force majeure situations arise.

The most expensive will be the area where the food will be grown. The land will need to be equipped with everything necessary to get the maximum.

When developing a strategy, take into account own resources... The amount of land at your disposal, the amount of capital, your own skills and experience in production management strongly influence how a business plan is drawn up.

Example

As an example, a project for growing cucumbers on an industrial scale will be given. This example is suitable for people who have a starting capital of about 1.5 million rubles. The cultivation will be carried out on fertile land. Several employees are hired for successful production.

The first step will be to study the characteristics and varieties of vegetables. After a detailed study of the nuances, they move on to creating a business. The requirements are as follows:

plot of about 500 m2
capital 1.5 million rubles
understanding of this type of crop production

A person who has 500 m2 of land at his disposal will be able to save money. The main expenses fall on the ransom or and the creation of a greenhouse. In addition, the costs include the official registration and purchase of seeds. You will need to pay employees a monthly salary. You can control small staff and keep accounting on your own. If there is no time for this, they hire an accountant and a manager.

If a person responsibly approaches the creation of a business plan, the profit for the year will be at least 1.5 million rubles. The numbers vary greatly. The business of growing and selling cucumbers pays off in 1-2 years. Profits are influenced by the personnel who will carry out the work. The entrepreneur will need to take care of hiring an experienced agronomist and a few handymen. Some actions are performed independently.

Business registration

It is considered an important point. No industrial agricultural enterprise can exist without being registered. A novice businessman will have three options for registration: KHK, IP and LLC. Depending on the scale and ambition, one or another option is chosen. IE is more suitable for small and medium-sized businesses, LLC for large ones. A peasant farm was created specifically to unite several entrepreneurs.

In both cases, it will be required. If hired labor is to be used, then workers must also be paid. You need to know about this before registering, as people do not pay attention to it. Maintaining accounting- an integral part of honest business.

To register crop production, you need to follow a series of simple steps:

apply to the federal tax service at the place of residence
choose the type of business
provide all the necessary papers
familiarize yourself with the requirements for an entrepreneur

It is worth noting that an individual entrepreneur is registered exclusively by the initials and surname of a businessman. An LLC allows a person to give the company any name. Also, the LLC has several founders, so it is better suited for starting crop production by a group of people.

Business registration is a simple process. It does not take a lot of time, unlike developing a business plan.

Important points

When registering your own business, attention is paid to several aspects. First, they study the advantages of a particular way of doing business. Secondly, they are determined with ambition. will allow to expand the enterprise in the future.

If a person has problems, they turn to a specialist. You may need to consult a lawyer. There are organizations that help start and register a business. They are approached as a last resort, when there is no time to study the details.

An entrepreneur, if possible, should perform all actions on his own in order to gain invaluable experience.

, which practically does not require skills from a person. Everyone is capable of growing. For creating successful business pay Special attention business plan.

The plan can be borrowed or created from scratch. Some organizations provide assistance in creating own enterprise... A serious approach to business creation guarantees the result.

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Vegetables, fruits, mushrooms are products that, along with, constitute the traditional diet of the population. always makes a lot of profit. So, let's consider the most popular and highly profitable areas of crop production as a business.

Each of the areas of business in plant growing differs in its principle of cultivation, start-up capital, and equipment. Having chosen any direction, first of all, make up.

Business on flowers: uzambara violets or roses?

Innovative methods such as EM technology or hydroponics can help you grow violets easier and more efficient. The investment to start a business is minimal: 13,000 rubles. - this is the purchase of cuttings + lamps for additional lighting, you can also buy or make your own special racks.

Orient the cultivation of violets for the holidays, then the profit will reach about 315 rubles. for one violet.

and how about roses? Having stopped your choice on, you must understand what you will need. This plant is quite whimsical, but the most popular among flowers. Prepare the soil, buy seedlings, and we will tell you how to grow and sell roses. The profitability of such a business ranges from 70% to 300%. Why not give it a try ?!

Starting capital: 600,000 rubles.
Fixed costs: about 115,000 rubles.
Revenue: 6,000,000 rubles. in 1 year.

Growing cucumbers

What's better than eating a fresh cucumber salad in winter? And in winter it is very difficult to find fresh vegetables in our strip. In supermarkets, such vegetables are usually far from the first freshness, or are processed with all kinds of chemistry. Get hold of regular customers will be simple enough. The main thing is to study the technology of growing cucumbers. We wrote about it in more detail in a separate article.

Find out all about the consumption of seeds, the choice of a variety of cucumbers, greenhouse cultivation - the most affordable, simple, profitable, features of plant care. Do not forget that the larger the greenhouse plantings, the more hands are needed to work. It also does not hurt to hire an agronomist-technologist. V correct greenhouses the harvest will be all year round, which means profit too. Crop farming as a cucumber business offers good results:

plot - 500 sq.m .;
investments - 1,600,000 rubles. (including business registration, construction, arrangement of greenhouses, purchase of seeds);
revenue - more than 2 million rubles. in year.

Greens in greenhouses

Special attention should be paid to a little whimsical plants such as dill and parsley. Growing them will not be difficult, but making good money can be quite easy. Any restaurant needs parsley and dill. It remains only to plant and wait for the first shoots. Read more about it in a separate article.

Choose a growing method that is convenient for you:

budget: natural soil using fertilizers;
expensive: using hydroponics, the period of growing greens is reduced by 2 times.

Initial expenses, rubles:

purchase of a greenhouse - 30,000;
seeds, arrangement of a greenhouse, equipment for work - about 35,000.

Annual costs- up to 240,000 rubles.

Revenue - 500,000 rubles. (5 tons of greens)

Net income - 260,000 rubles.

Payback - 5 months

Profitability - 40%

Growing oyster mushrooms and other mushrooms

Oyster mushroom is just that option, one might say low-cost, which will allow you to expand your business at a rapid pace. Just think, this type of mushroom has not only an exquisite taste and nutritious set. It also provides opportunities for a variety of implementation. Oyster mushrooms can be: sold fresh and processed into dry food additives, boiled and fried. Today, there are more than a hundred recipes for processing these mushrooms.

And most importantly, growing oyster mushrooms is one hundred percent profit. In addition, many people simply stopped going to the forests and planting for mushrooms, because cases of poisoning with mushrooms collected in these places have become more frequent. And independently grown oyster mushrooms are absolutely not dangerous in terms of eating.

You will need:

sawdust of trees;
plastic bags;
biohumus;
mushroom substrate.

Maintain the required temperature, fresh air, lighting, and soon mushroom growing will bring a good harvest.

Potato business

One cannot ignore the most common product in our strip - potatoes. It can be grown in huge quantities, the main thing is to be able to fight the Colorado potato beetle and observe the watering regime. You must, of course, choose the right potatoes to plant and get ready to make some good money.

Investments are minimal, here more and more depends on your desire to work.

What you need (cost is in rubles):

land, better to own, but you can rent (about 7,000);
equipment to facilitate labor (about 80,000);
potatoes for planting, it is better to pick up different varieties, just do not confuse them (about 120,000);
fertilizers for the land and pest control (23,000).

For your business, this is a small start-up capital. All work falls on the spring and summer period.

Description of the project
Description of the enterprise
Description of products and services
Marketing plan
Calendar plan
What equipment to choose
- - - Related business ideas:

We bring to your attention a typical business plan (feasibility study) of the organization farms on the maintenance of cattle. This business plan can serve as an example for obtaining a loan from a bank, state support or attracting private investment. On the example of the farm of the Ulyanovsk region.

Business plan for organizing a farm for keeping cattle in a small village. On the example of the farm of the Ulyanovsk region.

Description of the project

The purpose of this project is the opening of a farm in the village. Ryazanovo. The main directions of our activity:

raising young cattle with the subsequent sale of meat to the population;
production and sale of milk;
production and sale of straw and hay.

To implement the project, it is planned to receive a subsidy in the amount of 1.5 million rubles within the framework of the state support program for novice farmers, carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ulyanovsk region. It is also planned to send for the implementation of the project own funds in the amount of 509 thousand rubles. In total, the total cost of the project is 2,009,000 rubles.

Economic indicators of the project:

Net profit per year = 1 850 806 rubles;
Farm profitability = 83%;
Payback of the project = 13 months.

Social indicators of the project:

Registration of a new business entity on the territory of the Melekess district;
Creation of new jobs;
Receipt of additional tax payments to the budget of the Melekess district.

Description of the enterprise

The organizational and legal form of our organization will be peasant farm(KFH). The head of the farm will be Ivanov I.I.

Which taxation system to choose for a farm

As tax systems the unified agricultural tax (UAT) will be applied. The tax rate is 6% on profits.

Location of the enterprise: Ulyanovsk region, Melekessky district, with. Ryazanovo.

At present, practical activities have begun to implement the project:

Registration of a peasant farm in the IFTS was carried out;
There is an agreement with a large farm for the purchase of 50 heads of young cattle;
The farm owns a premise containing 24 head of cattle, including 14 bull calves and 10 dairy cows. It is also planned to build an additional room with an area of 1400m2 for keeping another 50 head of cattle.

The management staff of the organization will consist of 1 person - the head of the farm. Also, the organization plans to attract hired labor in the amount of 5 people.

Description of products and services

The planned sources of income of the enterprise are:

Sale of cattle meat to the population and processing enterprises;
Milk sales to the population and processing enterprises;
Sale of hay and straw in bales to the population.

More than 52% of the farm's proceeds will come from the sale of cattle meat.

Calves of the Simmental breed will be purchased for raising beef cattle. This breed is distinguished by good meat productivity; by the age of 18 months, the bull is gaining weight from 800 to 1000 kg.

Calves will be purchased from the age of 3 months at an average price of 15 thousand rubles per head. It is better to acquire calves older and stronger. This reduces the risk of disease and, with proper feeding, the calves gain weight very quickly.

In addition, the farm has 10 heads of dairy cows, from which it is planned to receive and sell from 4500 liters per month. milk. It is also planned to receive an annual offspring of young cattle from adult cows, which will reduce the cost of purchasing calves from third-party organizations.

For effective use production areas on the farm will simultaneously contain about 70 head of cattle.

The diet of young cattle and adult cows will include green fodder, root crops, corn, mixed fodder, barley, oats, straw, hay, etc. For raising one bull, about 20,000 rubles will be spent on feed per year, and about 10,000 rubles per year for the maintenance of a dairy cow.

The collection of straw and hay will be carried out using a universal front loader KUHN 10 with a lifting capacity of up to 500 kg. During the season (for the year) it is planned to sell hay and straw for a total amount of 725 thousand rubles.

Download farm business plan

Marketing plan

The main competitors will be similar agricultural producers. products of the Melekess district, personal subsidiary farms and larger agricultural production complexes.

It should be noted that today the demand for high-quality agricultural products remains at a high level. This suggests that there should be no problems with the sale of our products by our farms.

The sale of manufactured products is planned to be carried out in the following areas:

Sale of meat and milk to enterprises - agricultural processors. products;
Sale of hay and straw to the population and other farms of the Melekess district;
Sale of meat and milk to wholesale organizations;
Sale of meat and milk in the form of off-site trade, at fairs and in retail markets.

How much can you earn on this business

Let's move on to calculating the potential annual income of the enterprise.

On average, one cow receives 20 liters of milk per day. For the first 2 months, 10 liters of milk is used to feed the calves.

In the future, all milk is sold. Considering that 2 months are allocated for calving, the planned volume of milk sales per year will be 5400 liters per cow:

30 days * 20 liters / day * 8 months = 4800 liters
30 days * 10 liters / day * 2 months = 600 liters

Accordingly, up to 54,000 liters of milk can be obtained from 10 heads per year.

Wholesale price of milk - 24 rubles / l.

Meat

Gobies purchased at the age of 6 months, with proper nutrition and care for 1 year will gain up to 450 kg of live weight. With a meat yield of 70%, about 315 kg of marketable meat is obtained from each bull.

The farm will sell about 13,000 kg of marketable meat per year. The selling price of beef meat in bulk is 170 rubles / kg.

Hay and straw

During the season, the farm will produce and sell up to 10,000 bales of straw and 5,000 bales of hay. The selling price of 1 bale of straw is 35 rubles, a bale of hay - 75 rubles.

The total amount of proceeds from the sale of products for 12 months of operation will amount to 4,231,200 rudders.

The main share in the company's proceeds is the sale of cattle meat (52%).

Feed growing technology and livestock breeding

The room for keeping cows and calves will be convenient for servicing livestock, storing feed and manure. A walking area will be located next to the premises. Based on the sanitary standards for keeping livestock of cattle, the height of the ceilings in the room will be at least 2.4 m. The floor will be built from well-fitting wooden planks. Such a floor is easy to use and creates good zoohygienic conditions.

For feeding livestock, feeders from boards 600 mm high and up to 700 mm wide will be installed indoors, the length of the feeders will be about one meter.

The area of the windows of the premises for keeping cattle will be one tenth of the floor area. The distance from the windows to the floor is 1.3 meters. This arrangement promotes better penetration of sunlight into the room for keeping livestock of cattle.

A cemented manure groove with a flat and smooth bottom, 10-12 cm deep and up to 30 cm wide, will be made into the room for urine drainage. The livestock barn will be spacious, with an area of about 2.5 square meters. A cow gives about 10 tons of manure per year. The manure in the barn will be removed twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.

In the planned staffing table the farm will include 5 people:

The duties of handymen will include feeding livestock, cleaning manure and other household tasks.

Also, some work processes will be performed by third parties under contracts. repayable rendering services:

Slaughter of cattle. For these purposes, an experienced miner will be involved;
Accounting services;
Supply of feed from agricultural producers.

The cost of these services will be about 100 thousand rubles per year.

Calendar plan

The list of activities and their cost for starting a business are presented in the form of a calendar plan.

All in all, it will take 136 days to open a farm and 2.0 million rubles will be spent.

How much money is needed to start this business

Let's move on to calculating the main indicators economic efficiency farms.

The organization's fixed costs are presented in the following table:

Total fixed costs enterprises will amount to 185 330 rubles per month.

The structure of annual farm costs is presented in the form of a diagram:

The main costs of the farm are the costs of purchasing feed - 40% of the total costs per year. Next are the costs of payment wages employees - 30% of total costs.

Net profit based on the results of annual sales of products will amount to 1,850,806 rubles. The farm profitability is 83.0%. With such indicators of the business plan, the farm project will pay off in 13 months.

Our organization will make tax payments to various levels of the budget of the Ulyanovsk region up to 206,234 rubles per year.

Recommended download farm business plan, from our partners, with a quality guarantee. It is complete, finished project which you will not find in the public domain. Business plan content: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of the project 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

It is worth noting that starting a business will require serious investments. Nevertheless, a competent structure of activities will allow for a relatively short time recoup invested costs and come out in a stable plus. First you need to compose organizational plan and determine the main areas of activity, which may include:

Growing cereals, vegetables, herbs, berries and fruits.
Breeding pigs, cows, rabbits, bees, birds or fish.

In addition, additional activities are possible, for example, the production of frozen fruits, stew, flour, etc. After determining the main directions and calculating the preliminary costs, it is worthwhile to start drawing up an agreement for the lease of the territory, improving the premises / reservoirs, as well as purchasing necessary equipment... At the same stage, you can begin the selection of personnel who will serve the farm. You will definitely need to register your farm and obtain all the necessary permits to conduct activities. The final stage will be the adjustment of work with the sales market.

What equipment to choose

Any farm cannot do without machinery and auxiliary equipment. His choice depends specifically on the type of farm and what you are going to breed or grow on it. For beekeeping, beehives, refrigerators, bee hibernation facilities, as well as overalls will be obligatory. Large breeding farm cattle will require the presence of breast pumps, as well as tractors, combines and other agricultural equipment, along with attachments for mowing grass, etc. In the case of growing vegetables or crops, you will need equipment for watering and harvesting. The fishing business will require filters, compressors and pumps.

What OKVED to indicate when registering a business

When registering a business, you must indicate OKVED codes, according to the type of your farm. For example, if you have a cattle breeding farm, then OKVED code 01.21 - Cattle breeding will do. For a fish farm - OKVED 2.03. Fishing and fish farming, and for beekeeping - OKVED - 01.25.1.

What documents are needed to open

The implementation of the business and the sale of products is possible only after the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC (Learn what documents are needed to register an LLC). In the second case, you will be able to carry out partnership agreements with legal entities. To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need: a copy of your passport, ID code, a statement indicating the OKVED codes and a receipt for payment of the state duty.

Do I need permission to open

To open your own farm, you may need permission from the fire department and epidemiological station, as well as the territorial property administration. If an agreement is concluded for the lease of the territory for the location of the farm, the permission of the fire inspection is not required, and all obligations are automatically assigned to the lessor. Do you want to make money without leaving your home? If yes, then see the offer 50 ways to make money online.

The opening of modern farms is an alternative to existing large-scale collective farms in the supply of agricultural products to cities.

This article will discuss the nuances of running such a business.

Pros and cons of business

This activity as a branch of business occupies one of the leading positions among the types of entrepreneurial activity and has certain prospects in the future. This is due to specific benefits - they are associated with the ubiquitous passion for healthy eating and eating only natural products, which creates an increased demand for them among all groups of consumers: from mothers with babies to retirees.

It may seem to inexperienced entrepreneurs that opening a new farm is not only promising, but also more than simple. However, in practice, such an event is associated not only with the requirement to have experience in doing business in a similar area, but also with significant difficulties that may arise on the way of economic development.

Besides, given view business is associated with some risks that may arise in the process of its development. These include:

seasonality of activity;
absence or instability of demand for products;
high competition;
decrease in the income of potential consumers;
increase in prices for the supply of raw materials and supplies;
an increase in the cost of renting large agricultural machinery.

Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of the listed risks, as well as successful development business needs to draw up a business plan. It will stage-by-stage planned measures to open a farm, list ways to reduce risks, and calculate and analyze the main economic indicators project - revenue, start-up capital and payback periods.

What do you need to open a farm?

When drawing up a business plan, the first step is you need to decide on the direction of business development... Modern farms can function in different directions, among which the following industries are most popular:

Breeding of domestic animals and birds. In this case, the products of production can be not only meat and offal, but also wool, skin, feathers, eggs, milk, and so on.
Cultivation of agricultural crops (grain, industrial, melons and others).
Growing vegetables and fruits.
Other areas of activity, including beekeeping, fishing, mushroom farming, growing greenery, and so on.

Most of the farms are based on existing households in rural areas. This circumstance makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of start-up investments for equipping the farm, since initially such formations were built taking into account the chosen direction of development.

In addition, many households have at their disposal (either owned or leased) land developed for agricultural purposes. Newly created farms such land can be used for growing crops or for arranging pastures for grazing livestock.

When creating a farm, it must be registered, for which the organizational and legal form must be chosen.

Most often she is elected peasant farm (KFH)... Its features are the absence of the need to form a legal entity, as well as the ability to include all family members in the farm. At the same time, it is necessary to elect the head of the farm, which can be any person from the family who has reached the age of majority.

Next, it is necessary to resolve taxation issues, for which the peasant farm must be registered with the tax authorities. You should know what farmers pay uniform agricultural tax.

Individual entrepreneur - the head of a farm must be registered with The Pension Fund, as well as receive a letter from Rosstat on the assignment of statistics codes. In addition, the farm must have its own current account opened with the selected bank.

To open a farm, you need start-up capital. At the same time, part of the funds can be borrowed from the bank. To do this, you must provide a well-designed business plan with transparent tracking. financial flows... It is advisable to contact banks or private financial institutions focused on issuing loans to agricultural organizations, since other banks simply may not understand the specifics of organizing activities set out in the business plan.

Some farms can apply for financial support of business from the state, but only farms whose activities are included in the agro-industrial complex development program can take advantage of such assistance.

Breeding chickens

Chicken meat is one of the most popular all over the world, not only due to its high taste characteristics, but also its lower cost compared to pork, beef and other types of meat. And about popularity chicken eggs you do not even need to mention them, since they are part of almost all modern dishes. That is why chicken breeding is a business that can bring a stable tangible income.

The most successful location for such a business is the territory of a country house, preferably owned by an entrepreneur. When opening a chicken breeding farm, you need to rely on the following key points organization of this business:

Choosing a bird breed... According to the modern classification, chicken breeds are divided into egg (bred specifically for laying eggs), meat (raised for the purpose of obtaining meat) and meat-breeds (bred for complex production of products).
Choosing a specific breed, an entrepreneur should focus on his own experience and goals. When choosing a specific breed, it is necessary to find out all the features of keeping birds, including such indicators as the air temperature in the chicken coop and the level of illumination.
Number of chickens kept on the farm... This indicator affects other conditions for organizing a business - the volume of feed purchases, the number of farm workers, the size of the chicken coop, the area for walking, etc.
Chicken coop equipment... It is naive to believe that a chicken breeding farm involves the construction of only a chicken coop. Additionally, it must be equipped various techniques and installations - trays with food, drinkers, meters of air humidity, temperature, etc.
Close monitoring of the condition of birds... Careful tracking is required after purchase to prevent the risk of dropping chickens. appearance, condition of plumage, level of molt and pallor of the beak.
Bird walk... The place and time for walking chickens should be carefully thought out, while walking should be carried out mainly in the warm season and during the daytime. Since chickens are looking for food during walking, it must be provided in the form of worms, compound feed and corn.

The approximate payback period for such a business is about 8 months, which characterizes the direction as highly profitable.

Pig breeding

Pig breeding is one of the most cost-effective types commercial activities in the field of animal husbandry. In doing business in this direction, special attention should be paid to the sale of pedigree young animals. In order for the initial investment to pay off, it is necessary to sell 2-3 generations of animals. The choice of feeding the pigs (dry or liquid) depends on the preferences of the breeder himself.

The conditions in which animals will be housed also affect their healthy development. Building a premise from scratch is quite costly and unprofitable for starting a new business. Therefore, it is recommended to look for an empty farm with its subsequent lease or purchase. After that, the premises must be repaired, all the required networks - ventilation, electricity and water supply - must be connected.

It should be remembered that the better the premises are equipped, and the whole process of raising animals is automated, the less it will be necessary to hire workers to monitor the pigs. However, such vacancies as livestock technician, veterinarian, manager-administrator and accountant simply cannot do without such vacancies.

In this direction profitability is estimated at 25%, respectively starting attachments able to pay off in about 4-5 years.

Sheep breeding

There are advantages to developing a sheep business. They lie not only in a stable income, but also in a constant demand for the farm's products. At the same time, the products are not only meat, but also wool, as well as sheep cheese.

The direction has the advantage that the business can be started literally with the purchase of several heads, and in the future, as the farm develops and improves the work of the farm, the livestock can be increased.

It will be quite problematic to engage in sheep breeding within the city limits, therefore the overwhelming majority of such farms are located in rural areas. It is also a plus that any room, even unheated one, is suitable for keeping animals. It is necessary to acquire an area for walking sheep taking into account a further increase in the livestock population.

Despite the fact that the profitability of a business related to sheep breeding, is only 10-15%, with a competent approach to business and drawing up a clearly structured business plan, the farm can pay off in 1-1.5 years.

Cultivation of crops

Among the variety of activities, cereals are rapidly gaining popularity. Moreover, not only traditional varieties (rye and wheat) are actively grown, but also modern cultures bred by selective selection.

According to the latest statistics, the volume of harvested grain increases annually, which characterizes this direction agricultural business as quite promising. An important advantage is the substantial support from the state, which largely solves the problem of finding start-up capital.

However, a newly created farm for growing agricultural crops can be difficult in a developed competitive environment... That is why it is required to draw up a competent business plan that takes into account all the features of this activity.

When planning a business, first of all, it is necessary to decide on a specific grain crop that is supposed to be grown. Further planning of everything will be based on this choice. technological process, including aspects such as:

features of soil cultivation;
methods of sowing seeds;
timing and technology of harvesting;
the types of fertilizers used;
methods of protecting plants from harmful insects and diseases, etc.

Provided a competently drawn up business plan, rational use of funds received from the state and full adherence to the planned plan in commercial activities, the business of growing grain crops can pay off in less than 18 months.

Growing vegetables / fruits

The opening of an agricultural farm for growing vegetables or fruits is also one of the promising areas of business development due to the widespread passion for eating only natural products. And, since potential consumers do not fully trust the quality of agricultural products grown by state collective farms, the opening of private farms may well become promising business generating a stable income. Moreover, according to experts, prices for these products will continue to rise in the future, while demand will not only not decrease, but possibly increase.

Like any other direction of business development, this activity requires the preparation of a competent business plan that takes into account all the features and capabilities of the entrepreneur himself. The first step in the business plan should be to determine what kind of crop is supposed to be grown, taking into account the regional characteristics of the territory in which the farm will be opened. That is, you need to decide which crops are suitable for growing in the climate of a particular region, and which are not.

Also, one of two methods of growing vegetables / fruits must be selected without fail, namely cultivation in greenhouses or in the open field... Methods for protecting the crop from the unwanted effects of insects and crop diseases should be selected.

It should be remembered that the automation of the growing process has a positive effect on the yield of the farm, thereby increasing the profitability of the business.

When opening a farm for growing vegetables or fruits, you should remember about obtaining quality certificates for products, which positively affects the success in finding distribution channels and forming regular customers for products. With skillful business management, investments in opening a farm can pay off in less than a year.

Product markets

Establishing stable distribution channels for the products grown is essential for successful farming. To search for channels, an analysis of the situation on the local market of agricultural products must first be carried out. In the course of this analysis, the development of business in a given region is assessed, the level of competitive struggle and the level of demand for products is calculated.

At the same time, it is important to determine the directions of the search for sales channels, they can be:

Catering organizations - cafes, restaurants, canteens at factories and industrial enterprises, places Catering at educational, office and other organizations.
Organizations directly involved food industry- meat and bakery plants, enterprises for the production of pasta and cereals, organizations for the manufacture of confectionery products, etc.
Wholesale and retail trade enterprises.

It should be remembered that one of the most important conditions for a successful search for distribution channels is the competitiveness of farm products, as well as an appropriate level of quality at reasonable prices.

If the farm's products meet the requirements, then its marketing can be carried out by self-sale in food markets (both retail and wholesale).

Costs and payback periods

The amount of costs associated with the organization of a peasant farm largely depends on the initial conditions of the business. For example, if a peasant farm is created on the basis of an existing household, then the size of the start-up investment will be much smaller, since there will already be land and outbuildings at our disposal.

The situation is different if the farm is created from scratch. At the same time, the size of the start-up capital may also differ depending on the chosen direction of business development, the cost of renting a plot, the purchase price of animals or plants, and others.

If we take the average figures, then in total it will take about 5-6 million rubles to open a farm.

The payback of the business also depends on which direction of the farm's activity has been chosen. For example, if the farm is planned to be developed in the field of pig breeding, then the initial investment will pay off in about 4-5 years. If the peasant farm will work in the direction of breeding chickens, then the business will begin to make a profit after 8 months due to the high demand for products.

Thus, when planning to open a farm, first of all, it is necessary to determine the direction for its development, find out the features of farming in this area and draw up a structured business plan that determines the entire further organization of the business, taking into account the maximum reduction in the likelihood of risks.

Video on organizing farms

The video discusses the question of where to start a business in this direction:

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