Dairy farm business plan perspective. We are considering a business plan for a business such as a dairy farm. Analysis of possible risks

At present, the organization of business in the field of Agriculture is a promising and profitable business. There are a number of prerequisites for this. First, this governmental support in the form of subsidies and soft loans. Secondly, it is the growth in consumption of dairy products within the country. Thirdly, it is the policy of import substitution in the field of agriculture. As a result, the payback period of the project is 20 months, the break-even point of the project falls on 2 months after the start of work.

To organize a dairy farm, you will need to purchase 120 heads of large cattle(hereinafter - KRS). It is also necessary to hire 16 employees. When opening a business, you will need a land plot that must be purchased as a property. The minimum area of the site is 3,200 m2, the hangar (cowshed) - 2,000 m2.

The monthly productivity of the farm is 60,000 liters of milk. It is necessary to purchase already adult cattle, which will give milk immediately. IN this business there is no pronounced seasonality, since milk is consumed daily. However, in winter the cost of milk is higher. Farm products are classified as perishable. The wholesale selling price of milk is 32 rubles per 1 liter. In this way financial indicators projects are as follows:

Amount of initial investment - 16 930 000 rubles;

Average monthly profit - 900 000 rubles;

Payback period - 20 months;

Break even - 2 month;

Profitability of sales - 130% .

2. Description of the business, product or service

Today, more and more people want to consume fresh milk and dairy products. At the same time, it is desirable that these products be of domestic production. Also, many people like to buy products directly from farmers. All this testifies to the great prospects for the development of this business.

The main dairy farm product is raw milk. Also, as the business develops, you can open a workshop for the production of dairy products.

For the operation of the farm, a land plot of 3,000 m2 will be required. The site must include:

hangar / barn
summer paddock
warehouse for storage of inventory and equipment
forage base

Please note that the hangar should be located next to the pasture. In the case of opening a farm in winter, it is necessary to purchase hay for livestock once. Further, the farm will be able to provide hay for the animals itself. In addition to hay, animals need to be provided with special nutrients in the form of feed. Feed must be purchased once a year.

The next step is to build and prepare a hangar / cowshed to accommodate cattle. You can build a barn from different materials. The flooring can be either wooden or concrete. From the equipment in the barn you will need:

Storage tank
Engineering Communication
stall places
Milking unit with milk line
Fences and partitions
Additional equipment for animal feeding

Apart from technological equipment, for harvesting hay and other tasks you will need:

Tractor
Gazelle
Mower
Rake-tedder

Also, for the successful operation of the farm, you will need to choose one of the following milk production technologies:

loose
tethered with stall milking
tethered with milking in a special area

For this business plan, tethered stall milking technology was used, and automated system milk collection.

In addition to purchasing equipment, purchasing land plot and the construction of a hangar, the farmer will need to obtain permission to put the hangar into operation from the fire inspectorate and permission from the veterinary service. You will also need to pass inspections for compliance with the quality of products and obtain the appropriate certificate.

To obtain high results from the results of the audit, it is necessary to study the following regulatory framework:

GOSTs (e.g. 3625-84, 51451-99 and others)
Federal Law No. 8 "Technical regulations for milk and dairy products"
Federal Law No. 184 "On Technical Regulation"
Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation

As a result of compliance with all requirements and producing high quality products, your company will be able to successfully develop and bring constant profit.

3. Description of the market

For a dairy farm, the main success factors are both the quality of the product and the speed of its implementation, since this product is one of the perishable ones.

The main consumers of raw milk include dairies, processing plants, retail outlets and federal networks. Sales to these customers account for the largest share of the farm's revenue. Also, residents of neighboring houses and villages can purchase your dairy products.

As production develops, it is possible to purchase an additional installation for the production of dairy products, as well as carry out packaging of products on their own.

Most effective way load production capacity is the conclusion of long-term contracts with enterprises. This will avoid downtime and product damage.

4. Sales and Marketing

5. Production plan

To open a dairy farm, you will need the following:

Register entity- IP
Choose a land plot
Acquire land ownership
Build a hangar / barn and conduct communications
Purchase equipment and machinery
Find staff
Carry out commissioning work
Buy cattle
Get started and sell products

Stage/duration, weeks
IP registration
Selection of land
Buying a memory
Hangar construction and communications
Purchase of equipment
Recruitment
Commissioning works
Purchase of cattle
Beginning of work

The first step is to register an individual entrepreneur (OKVED - 01.21 "Cattle breeding"). Taxation system - ESHN. After registration, you will need to open a bank account, since most large customers will pay by bank transfer.

The next step is to select the land and purchase it in the property.

After purchasing the site, you can start building a hangar and conducting engineering communications. Next, you need to purchase and start equipment. The next step is to start recruiting staff and prepare equipment for work together. Next, buy cattle and start work.

6. Organizational structure

For the successful operation of a dairy farm, the following personnel are required:

Manager
Administrator (2 persons)
Milkmaids (3 people)
Handymen (2 people)
Tractor driver (1 person)
Sales manager (2 people)
Vet
Security guard (3 people)
Technologist

The total number of employees is 16 people. The manager can be either the owner of the business or an employee. The main tasks of the manager are strategic development enterprise, working with government bodies, meeting with clients and working with a company that provides promotion services.

The administrator is responsible for operational management enterprise and controls the shipment of products to customers. Milkmaids and laborers are responsible for milk production. The tractor driver works as a driver in winter and is also responsible for harvesting and collecting hay from the field in summer.

Sales managers work with potential clients and process incoming applications, as well as arrange meetings for the company manager.

The veterinarian is responsible for the health of the livestock. The technologist is responsible for the normal functioning of the equipment and its service maintenance. Security guards work according to the scheme day / three.

Tab. Payroll fund, rub.

fixed costs	Salary	The number of employees	Sum	Average salary per month per employee
manager
administrator

Handyman
tractor driver

At present, agriculture, of course, is not at its peak, but at least at the beginning of its rise. This is facilitated, in particular, by the increased attention of the state, which has promised to allocate billions of rubles to farmers for lifting. And, of course, no matter what crisis strikes, people will always want to eat, which means agriculture - profitable business regardless of external conditions. And farming as a business idea will always be relevant.

It is logical that in this regard, many Russians have recently paid attention to the village and to those associated with it. Someone decided to sow wheat, someone decided to provide the country with domestic vegetables and potatoes, and others started breeding cattle. It is the latter type of business that is developing most intensively today. Suffice it to recall that in dozens of regions new mini-farms are constantly being opened and the state supports their owners in every possible way. It's about how to open dairy mini-farm, we will tell you, and the experts of Agromoltekhnika, which is a leading supplier of agricultural equipment, will help us in this.

Dairy equipment from the catalog

What kind of animal?

First, let's figure out what a mini-farm is and how it differs from a regular one.

Firstly, the mini-farm is much smaller than the classic one, as the name implies. In our case, this is not only the area of the farm, but also the number of heads of cattle (cattle).

Secondly, maintenance of a mini-farm, as a rule, does not require additional personnel. Usually, all work is carried out by the forces of one family, which owns the farm.

Thirdly, the cost of opening a mini-farm is much lower than a regular one. At the same time, it is a springboard in big business. Judge for yourself: on such a farm you can minimal risk run in all technologies so that by the time they reach another level of business for you there were no blind spots in the industry.

What and how much?

So, what do you need to open a mini-farm? It is, of course, desire. In addition, you need a plot of land of sufficient area, preferably with utilities. And, of course, you need money. About how much, we will tell a little later.

For greater detail and clarity, consider the project of a mini-farm for 50 heads, which proposes to implement company "Agromoltechnika". For the construction of such an object, a land plot of at least a thousand square meters will be required. It is necessary to build a large hangar on it, where the animals will be kept. If desired, several additional administrative buildings can be built next to the hangar, although such premises are provided inside the hangar.

If we talk about the exact dimensions of the hangar, in which animals and all equipment will be placed, then this is a width of 15 meters, a length of 65 meters, a step between the arcs of the frame - three meters. The height of this structure, in accordance with the project of the Agromoltechnika company, is six meters, the floor area is 975 square meters.

What is important, the entire dairy mini-farm is essentially placed in this hangar. These are the feed department, sectors for calves of different ages, the sector for dry cows, the milking parlor and Staff only. The cost of such a hangar-farm, supplied by Agromoltechnika on a turnkey basis, is 5,800,000 rubles, including the construction of the foundation and floor.

Naturally, the matter is not limited to one hangar. After all, you will not let cows into empty rooms! Therefore, in addition, the farmer needs to purchase a lot of special equipment. These are stalls, rubber carpeting, drinkers, various fences, brushes, ventilation curtains, a milk cooling tank, a maternity ward, and so on.

Fortunately, all this is in the company "Agromoltechnika". Therefore, when opening a mini-farm, you do not need to run around several suppliers, ordering the right equipment in different places. After all, everything can be taken in one place, while at very affordable prices and with a guarantee.

As a result, a complete set of equipment for opening a dairy mini-farm will cost 5,400,000 rubles. Together with the hangar, the cost of launching a dairy mini-farm is 11,200,000 rubles.

The amount, of course, is rather big. But it's worth it. And now it becomes clear why.

We consider profit

So, on average, one cow produces 5,000 liters of milk per year. However, in leading farms, the annual volume of milk yield per cow is 9,000 liters of milk per year. Thus, it turns out that on average 50 cows will produce 250,000 liters of milk per year. Naturally, if the owner performs well and reaches a higher level of productivity, the volumes will increase, but we will focus on the average.

On average, a Russian farmer delivers milk to wholesalers at a price of 14 rubles, but this figure varies depending on the region and season. But even if we take the “average temperature in the hospital”, we get the annual revenue of a dairy mini-farm in no way less than 3,500,000 rubles.

The annual cost of keeping one cow in Russia in 2010 was 15,000 rubles. If we take the mini-farm we are describing, then its owner will spend 750,000 rubles a year on keeping animals.

By simple mathematical calculations, we find that a dairy mini-farm will pay off in four years. But it must be taken into account that the owner of such an enterprise can not only deliver milk to factories, but also process it himself, sell and produce other dairy products, the production of which does not require large expenditures. In this case, the company will pay off faster.

***
As you can see, opening a dairy mini-farm is a very attractive and interesting business, even if it requires significant initial investments. But keep in mind that not all companies with a similar starting capital boast a 4-year payback, and do not forget about the support that owners of mini-farms everywhere receive from the state.

Dear readers, this article was written and published in 2011. The information it contains may be out of date.

Provide stable income help mini-farm for cows. Initially, you can buy a small livestock. Gradually, the business will increase, the number of bulls and cows in the herd will increase. The proposed recommendations will help to organize and equip everything correctly.

A mini-farm for cows will help ensure a stable income

If you are planning to organize a farm, you need to carefully consider and calculate everything. Sample business plan dairy farm for 20 heads includes the main points of the organization of the process and financial issues.

The main points include:

choosing a place for a future mini-farm;
rent or purchase of a land plot (if it is not available);
purchase of inventory;
purchase of the initial livestock - bulls and cows;
organization of proper care for each individual;
maintaining cleanliness;
cleaning of waste products - manure.

Financial issues include items of expenditure and ways to earn income on the farm. The required investment determines the amount of initial capital required to start a business.

The main expenses are as follows:

purchase of building materials;
construction of a mini-farm;
purchase and delivery of livestock;
wages for hired personnel;
fodder preparation;
payment for veterinary services.

In fact, the productivity of these animals is extremely high.

A mini-farm for 10 cows will pay off very quickly. Such an enterprise can generate income in several directions. It could be:

sale of milk and dairy products;
sale of high-quality beef and/or meat by-products;
sale of skins;
sale of bulls and heifers, i.e., young animals;
the sale of manure as;
paid provision of breeding individuals for mating (mating) to owners of other farms.

In addition, you can also organize the sale of hay and / or silage. Of course, subject to the availability of appropriate land plots.

Farm from scratch (video)

The right choice of location

In order to have no problems, you need to choose the right piece of land. It should be a level and well-trodden area. The presence of a small forest belt near the mini-farm will protect the animals from drafts and / or strong winds.

Natural reservoirs and/or springs drinking water on legal regulations of the relevant laws of the Russian Federation must be at least 30 m away from places where large livestock are kept, otherwise the owner may be fined a large amount. In this case, the mini-farm will have to be moved to another site.

An equally important point - the absence of residential and / or other buildings near the place where the mini-farm will be equipped, cattle - this is an inevitable unpleasant smell. Do not create discomfort for residents of nearby settlements. On its own plot, a mini-farm for cows is being set up closer to the place where fruit and vegetable crops are planted. This will make it easier to use the manure to fertilize the soil. From a residential building, a modern farm should be located at a distance of 15 meters or more. Additionally, the main wind direction in the region should also be taken into account.

To easily build a farm for cows, you need to choose the right piece of land

Saving money

For a novice farmer to maintain, for example, ten or twenty heads, it is better to rent land. It will be much cheaper than buying. You can pick up a site with ready-made buildings, which, after a small repair, will provide proper living conditions for cattle. A leased plot and/or a cowshed for 50 heads has such a significant advantage as the ability to terminate the contract without any problems. For example, if a more suitable option was found.

The farm project and the initial estimate should be drawn up, focusing on recycled material. Used bricks, wood, etc. can be purchased much cheaper. The main thing is to check the quality of the goods - the degree of wear, safety, etc.

Sawdust is used for bedding in the barn. You can cook them yourself. To do this, you can buy old wood - frames, boards, lumber that are not usable.

Preparing for construction

To ensure proper housing and / or care of cows, a farm plan will help, which must be prepared in advance. You can make it yourself or find a suitable mini-farm project from friends and acquaintances.

The work site must be marked. At the same time, a place is necessarily prepared for storing building materials and tools.

Independent construction of a farm for cattle requires significant labor and time. You can speed up the process by inviting assistants. Hiring construction team will be very expensive.

Tools and materials

Before building a farm, you need to stock up necessary tools and materials. For work you will need:

dry concrete mix or cement and sand;
brick, wood or blocks;
slate;
ruberoid;
insulation;
fasteners;
bars and/or beams.

The tool kit must include:

shovels - shovel and bayonet;
roulette construction;
plumb and level;
technical knife;
puncher or electric drill;
construction mixer or concrete mixer;
solution containers;
saw and / or hacksaw;
mason's tool;
wire cutters and/or pliers;
hammers and sledgehammers;
overalls;
rag.

To store a supply of materials and working tools, you can equip a small barrack or a fenced area with a canopy.

Mini farm (video)

Barn dimensions

The health of cattle directly depends on the conditions of the herd. To make the animals feel comfortable, it is necessary to plan the following dimensions of the barn:

main area - 500 m² for 50 heads (at the rate of 6 m² per 1 adult or 10 m² for queens with offspring);
additional area for storage of feed, inventory and equipment;
wall height - from 2.5 to 3 m;
height to the roof ridge - not less than 3.5 m.

Experienced livestock breeders do not advise building very large barns for a wide range of livestock. In small rooms for 10 or 20 animals, animals feel more comfortable. At the same time, the cows on the farm are healthy and give a good milk yield. In the event of infection of one or more individuals, the main livestock will be easier to protect from the disease. In addition, a barn for 20 heads is easier to keep clean and tidy in order to obtain high-quality milk and / or meat.

Independent construction of a farm for cattle requires significant labor and time

barn construction

The selected version of the mini-farm and barn project needs to be studied and, if necessary, slightly modified. This will help tailor the proposed projects to specific conditions.

A brick structure for cattle must be built on a massive foundation. Under frame, wooden or block walls, you can make a lightweight version. The roof is made 2-pitched with a high ridge. From above, a hayloft and a storage system for the necessary inventory, equipment, etc. are being equipped. Another option is a modern hangar-type barn with an arched roof. The profile for it is gradually increased to the required size.

The ceiling of the cattle room is usually made of thick board. For cold regions, double decking is required. Joints are sealed with clay. To keep warm, it is necessary to pour sand or sawdust. The layer thickness is at least 10 cm.

The floor in the barn is best made of concrete. It is bred and poured using conventional technology. The concrete floor is durable, comfortable for animals and staff. Maintaining cleanliness does not require significant effort and time.

Plank floors are cheaper. However, it is necessary to cover the connecting seams with clay. Mandatory slope for the floor in the barn - no more than 2 cm per 1 m. This is safe for cows and convenient for cleaning manure.

Inside the barn, it is necessary to equip stalls measuring 170 by 110 cm. For the manufacture of partitions, you can use the following materials:

board;
reinforcing bar;
log;
beam;
metal pipe.

The floor is covered with dry chopped straw or sawdust. You can make wooden flooring. In the center of the room you need to leave a wide passage for the farm staff.

A canal or gutter is arranged at the back for the drainage of manure masses. Be sure to make a slope towards the tank for collecting liquid manure. The gutter is brought out through a special hole (opening) in the wall. It needs a latch.

Drinkers and feeders are easy to make with your own hands. They are placed in front of the stalls. The width of the bottom is 40 cm. From the bottom up, the feeder expands to 70 cm. The height of the outer side is 70 cm. The inner side facing the animal is not higher than 30 cm.

Conditions of detention and sanitary standards

The microclimate is very important for cattle. Therefore, in the barn of a farm for 50 heads, windows are needed for ventilation. They are located at a height of 120-150 cm above the floor. The ventilation system and heating device (if necessary) will help ensure the temperature and air circulation.

The area of thermal neutrality, i.e., the optimal temperature regime, is provided in the barn, depending on the breed of animals. Usually required from +4 to +20 °C. For young bulls and heifers, warmth is especially important. Large rooms will require artificial lighting. Electrical wiring must be installed by a specialist during the construction period.

Introduction

Essence of the project
Product Description
Market Analysis
Production plan
Financial plan
Marketing plan

Conclusion

List of sources used

Appendix

Introduction

Planning is inherent in all enterprises, regardless of their form of ownership. The planning mechanism includes: principles, setting priority goals, ensuring the relationship between indicators, taking into account factors and market conditions, monitoring the implementation of plans. The planning process is based on the knowledge and use of objective economic laws, the laws of commodity production (the law of value), the laws of a market economy.

The planning process in an organization begins with a clear understanding of what needs to be done for its effective development and functioning. The success of any plan depends on:

The quality of goal-setting in the main key issues of the development of the organization based on a review of its past, present and future development and the success of its response to changes in the environment;

The quality of the preliminary analysis of the activities of the organization itself and its pricing policy, market, competitors, product distribution, etc.;

Correct assessment of the competitiveness of the organization;

Choice and implementation development strategies, which will increase the competitiveness of the organization.

The main content of planning as a function of managing an organization consists in a reasonable determination of the main directions of activity and its further development, taking into account material sources and market demand.

Organization planning provides for the development of a set of measures that determine the sequence of achieving specific goals, taking into account the possibilities for the most efficient use of the resources of each department and the entire organization as a whole.

The purpose of the course project is to develop a project plan for a dairy farm that can provide milk to the Bakhchisarai region, as well as maintain the health of the population.

During the development of the project, the following tasks were set:

Justify the reason for the construction;

justify it economic efficiency and payback period of the project.

Summary

The project involves the construction of a dairy farm in the city of Bakhchisarai. At the first stage, the farm will have about 200 heads, in the future the herd will be expanded to 400-600 heads. According to the project implementation plan, it is planned to obtain high-quality milk with its subsequent sale to school and preschool institutions (Appendix 5) and to the Stroyindustriya plant. The initiator of the project must be an investor or the state, since the cost of building an enterprise is 146 million rubles.

The enterprise will have 684 hectares of land at its disposal, which are planned to be leased from the Aromatnensky and Skalistovsky village councils.

The production plan showed that the cost of milk production is 9.9 million rubles a year, and the planned milk production in the first stages is about 1 million kg. We add depreciation to production costs and get the cost of milk 13.6 rubles, we also add a profit of 53% and get 20 rubles per 1 liter of milk. But when calculating the breakeven point, it is necessary to produce 2,322,464 liters of milk per year.

The financial plan shows that milk production will not be uniform, as cows cannot be milked all year round. But financial performance indicators should improve as milk production will grow. For the third year, it is planned to receive about 13.5 million net profit.

At this stage, there are no analogues in the Bakhchisaray district. The main competitors will be personal subsidiary farms and producers from other regions. The project will be social, environmental and economically beneficial.

Essence of the project

Milk, as you know, is a product of animal origin, a nutrient fluid produced by female mammals to feed their young. At the moment, we will talk about the milk of farm animals, which is one of the important products in the human diet.

Milk strengthens the immune system and has a positive effect on almost all human systems and organs.

It is a good remedy for fighting colds.

According to scientific research, daily consumption of milk reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by 15-20%. Milk helps to reduce pressure, reduces swelling.

In addition, milk reduces the likelihood of oncological diseases - bowel cancer and breast cancer.

Milk has a positive effect on work gastrointestinal tract, lowers acidity, helps to cope with heartburn, useful for gastritis and peptic ulcer. To milk better absorbed, it must be drunk slowly, in small sips.

Milk reduces the negative impact on the body of salty and sour foods.

Reduces the risk of developing diabetes.

Milk is very useful for children, as it provides the body with almost all the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of the child, and, of course, is the main source of calcium.

Milk has a calming effect on the nervous system, helps to cope with insomnia. A glass of warm milk with a spoonful of medaz an hour before bedtime is the most popular folk remedy for insomnia.

Milk is an important product in the diet of people suffering from osteoporosis, as well as a good prophylactic for this disease.

People who want to get rid of extra pounds, experts recommend including milk in your diet. Milk significantly reduces the feeling of hunger. Calcium (according to research by American scientists) significantly reduces the amount of fat in the body, and conjugated linoleic acids (CLG), contained in milk and dairy products, block the formation of new fat deposits.

Milk, as a product, is plucked into all segments of the population from the young to the elderly. Of course, in rural areas the need for milk is not as great as in urban areas, but in order to supply milk to schools and kindergartens - such volumes family farms cannot provide.

The construction of a dairy farm and the sale of products will take place in the Bakhchisaray district in the vicinity of the city of Bakhchisaray. It is mainly planned to supply products to local kindergartens and schools: in total there are 24 kindergartens in the district, where the number of children is 3088 and 28 secondary schools (8816 people), the products will also be delivered to the Stroyindustriya plant and in the summer to local rest houses and sanatoriums.

As of January 1, 2013, the actual population of our district was 91.0 thousand people, compared to last year, the number increased by 306 people, this is due to migration growth.

Of the total population, men - 41.9 thousand people, women - 49.1 thousand people. 32.8 thousand people live in urban settlements (Bakhchisaray - 26.4 thousand people; Kuibyshevo - 2.4 thousand people; Nauchny - 0.8 thousand people; Pochtovoye - 3.2 thousand people) in rural areas - 58.2 thousand people.

The farm is planned to be located on the territory of the Bakhchisaray district, not far from the city of Bakhchisaray.

The choice stopped here in this area, since there are no analogues of such an enterprise. The area can be attributed to the area of complex tourism, that is, there are prerequisites for the development of almost all types of tourism.

The area specializes in horticulture (apple, pear, cherry, peach, cherry, quince, apricot) and viticulture. Essential oil crops (lavender, sage, rose), walnut, almond are grown. The main areas of animal husbandry: pig breeding, sheep breeding, beekeeping, poultry farming; auxiliary areas: fur farming (raising rabbits, arctic foxes, black-brown foxes), horse breeding. The largest industrial enterprises: the Bakhchisarai plant "Stroyindustriya", a woodworking plant, "Dorindustriya", an essential oil enterprise, canning factories, a wool-spinning factory, Alminsky plant building materials(extraction of limestone).

The location of the enterprise is due to the fact that the sales market is located nearby (the Stroyindustriya plant, Bakhchisaray, the western resort area, where sanatoriums and rest houses are located) work force(village Aromatnoe, village Glubokiy Yar, Bakhchisarai). Lands where fodder crops can be grown are also well located.

The land for construction will be leased, it belongs to the Aromatne Village Council. Where crops will be grown - to the Skalistovsky village council. The land will be leased.

To the site where the farm will be built, there is an asphalted road, further along it you can get to the Simferopol-Sevastopol highway. There is also a railway line nearby, which can be used to deliver cargo, building materials and transport cows.

The nearest sales market is the Stroyindustriya plant. Now about a thousand people work there. Since there are harmful working conditions, the worker is supposed to give out 0.5 liters of milk per day free of charge. Also close to the city.

As mentioned above, one of the points of sale of milk is the Bakhchisaray plant "Stroyindustriya", where the number of workers is more than a thousand people. Because of harmful conditions labor, the worker should be given 0.5 liters of milk per day.

Also supplies of milk to kindergartens and schools. There are 28 general education schools and 24 preschool institutions in the district, where the daily norm of milk consumption in kindergarten up to 300 ml per day, and at school up to 500 ml. per day.

Milk production technologies for tie-down cows and milking in stalls in portable milking buckets or in a milk pipeline. Cows are kept on a leash in stalls, where each of them has a specific place with a feeder and drinker. Servicing a group of cows by one milkmaid, an individual approach to each, the presence of a permanent place for feeding, watering, resting, milking contribute to the maximum use of the cows' potential. On a dairy farm with a population of 400 cows, in addition to 6 main operators of machine milking, 4 cattlemen are employed. 2-3 machine operators for the distribution of feed, a milk receiver. 2 locksmiths on duty, insemination technician, that is, the number of auxiliary workers is 2-3 times higher than the number of operators machine milking. Further real increase in labor productivity on dairy (farms) can be achieved by reducing the number of support staff.

The disadvantages of this milk production technology include large labor costs for tying and tying cows, for manual cleaning of stalls from manure, individual dosing of concentrates, and udder preparation.

Due to the proximity of the farm to the villages of Aromatnoe and Glubokiy Yar, there is the possibility of using local labor. Rural people are more familiar with breeding and caring for cows. You can also find workers in the city itself, as some families keep or kept 1-3 heads of cows for their own family. There is also a vocational school in the city, which trains specialists in the construction industry.

The forage base for cows will be created on leased lands. It is planned to sow such crops as corn, alfalfa, oats, peas, fodder root crops, barley.

Product Description

The product of the Bakhchisaray dairy farm is milk.

Milk It is the first thing a person tastes. Growing up, the child gets used to other products and may well refuse it, as the cubs of all mammals do. However, humans have a more complex relationship with milk. Many nations do not know animal milk at all: it is not known to the inhabitants of Indochina, nor to the black inhabitants of Africa, nor to the Indians and Eskimos - the indigenous population of America ... At the same time, where in ancient times they learned to milk animals, they practically do not think of a kitchen without milk, because it has everything that a person needs for normal growth and development. People milk cows and mares, goats and sheep, camels and deer, buffaloes and donkeys, female yaks and zebu. And once they even valued the milk of pigs, which is now practically out of use.

Milk contains everything that a person needs for normal growth and development: water (87.2%), fats, proteins (casein, albumin, globulin), vitamins and minerals (the most important of them are calcium and phosphorus, necessary for the formation, development and repair of bone tissue).

The quality and taste of milk is largely determined by its fat content: the more fat, the tastier and more nutritious it is. When the milk “settles”, the fat floats, forming a layer of cream on the surface. Lactose, that is, milk sugar, gives a specific sweetish taste to milk.

Attention! Cow protein allergy is the most common type of allergy in babies. According to statistics, 2-7% of children are born with it, and the curve is steadily creeping up (not the most healthy pregnancy, artificial feeding are called as reasons).

Allergy to bovine protein (most commonly found in milk) casein, but in rare cases also on its other components) is not as terrible as it might seem, especially since in 50% of cases it disappears in the first year of life, and in almost all the rest - by 2–3 years, and only in very few stays for a long time. The lack of it in the diet can be compensated for by rice, soy, oatmeal, coconut and, above all, goat milk.

Market Analysis

According to a report prepared by the analytical center of the National Union of Milk Producers (Soyuzmoloko), according to preliminary data from Rosstat, in 2015, farms of all categories of Crimea produced agricultural products worth 63.3 billion rubles, which is 13.6% less than in 2014 ( at actual prices). The decline in livestock production contributed to the negative dynamics. Although in the total volume of agricultural products it occupies only 39.6% (24.8 billion rubles), while 60.4% is crop production (38.5 billion rubles). Thus, over the year, in the Crimean farms, the production of livestock products decreased by 19.1%, to 115 thousand tons (54% - in agricultural organizations, 46% - in household farms), eggs - by 10.2%, to 505.3 million . PCS. Milk production also continued to decline, despite the increase in livestock, and amounted to 230 thousand tons (-21% compared to 2014).

Rice. 1 Milk production in the Crimean Federal District

Table 4.1

Number of cattle in the Crimean Federal District, thousand head

							Change 2015 (+-%) to


including cows.

In the structure of agricultural production, 34.5% is provided by agricultural organizations, 60.6% - by households, 4.9% - by K (F) X and IP. It should be noted that livestock farms in the region are practically not developed, their share in livestock production is about 0.5% (in crop production - about 7.7%). At the end of 2015, households produced 91% of milk (in 1990 this figure did not exceed 1%) and 61% of eggs (in 1990 - 21%). Such a shift in production to this category of farms is accompanied by a decrease in its intensification. The households, as a rule, do not have the financial ability to modernize and develop production, and the level of marketability (the share of sold products in the total volume of manufactured products) is quite low here, which exacerbates the problem of ensuring food security. In 2014, the marketability of milk in the farms of the Crimean population was 52.6%. The main achievement of the crop sub-sector of the region in 2015 was an increase in the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops by 14.5% compared to 2014, up to 1,263.1 thousand tons in weight after completion. The sunflower harvest also increased to 113.3 thousand tons (+7.9%), which was facilitated by the expansion of sown areas. It should be noted that the main feature of the agricultural complex of the Crimea is its price volatility due to the fact that the market is focused on providing agricultural products to the sanatorium-resort and tourist complexes. In addition, the situation is aggravated by the low level of exports, the lack of modern infrastructure, the inefficient use of irrigated land, as well as problems in the field of regulatory and legal regulation, as a result of which there are difficulties in the development of state support funds.

Production plan

Planning is one of the functions of management, which is the process of choosing the goals of the organization and ways to achieve them. It is through planning that the leadership of the organization seeks to establish the main directions of efforts and decision-making that will ensure unity of purpose for all its members. In management, planning occupies the main place, embodying the organizing beginning of the entire process of implementing the goals of the organization.

In the broad sense of the word, planning is the setting of goals for any system or subsystem. The importance of planning the activities of an enterprise is expressed in the well-known aphorism: "To plan or be planned", that is, an enterprise that does not know how or does not consider it necessary to plan its activities itself becomes an object of planning, a means to achieve other people's goals. Planning as an economic category can be viewed from a general economic and managerial standpoint.

From a general economic position, planning is one of the methods for regulating the proportions of production. For many years, central planning has been the main regulatory mechanism in the economy of our country. However, in the conditions of market relations, the law of value comes into play. Today, in different countries, depending on the specific economic situation, the use of the planning mechanism to regulate the economy is carried out in different ways. On the scale of an enterprise, planning has been and remains the main mechanism for regulating the proportions of production, since its divisions enter into relations with each other not as independent producers, but as participants in a single production process.

Course work includes three sections of planning: production plan, financial plan and marketing plan.

The production plan is an integral part of any business plan, which should describe all the production or other work processes of the company. Here it is necessary to consider all issues related to production facilities, their location, equipment and personnel, as well as to pay attention to the planned involvement of subcontractors. It should be briefly explained how the system for the release of goods (provision of services) is organized and how production processes are controlled. It is also necessary to pay attention to the location of production facilities and the placement of tools, equipment and workplaces. This section should indicate delivery times and list the main suppliers; describes how quickly a firm can increase or decrease the output of goods or services. An important element of the production plan is also a description of the company's requirements for quality control at all stages of the production process.

As previously reported, the area for the construction of the farm was chosen to be the outskirts of the city of Bakhchisaray (Appendix 1), the total area of sown crops will be 686.3 hectares. Next, you need to select suppliers and contractors for the construction of the building, the purchase of equipment and the purchase of cattle. At the initial stages, it is planned to purchase 200 heads, in the future, the number of livestock will be expanded to 400-600 heads.

The list of equipment to be used on the farm will be purchased and is presented in the table below.

The Unimilk 400 milk pipeline will be supplied from the Russian Federation by Standard Moloko LLC, the company also provides delivery and installation services. The milk pipeline is of high quality, does not affect the product, which allows you to save its taste.

The manure removal system will be built by the main builder - PE "Monolit". PE Monolith was recommended by the Union of Builders. The firm is local, which will keep part Money and leave the budget in the Crimea

The milk cooling tank will be purchased from GEA Farm Technologies. This company sells equipment for farming.

Appendix 2 shows the project implementation schedule, which lists the main actions for project implementation on a monthly basis. The construction and launch of the farm is designed for 2 years, as the farm will be built from scratch.

Table 5.1

List of equipment use at the Bakhchisaray dairy farm.

Name of equipment	The price of equipment per unit in rubles.	Delivery price in rubles	Installation price per unit in rubles.
Stall equipment with a level watering system for 400 heads. Type of anti-corrosion coating, powder coatings.	RUB 1,300,000.00			RUB 1,550,000.00
Milk line Unimilk 400	RUB 1,500,000.00			RUB 1,650,000.00
Manure removal system
Rod scraper conveyor
drive station				RUB 1,210,620.00
Scraper bar 400 mm				RUB 1,540,440.00
Cross screw conveyor
drive station
screw conveyor
Fecal pump NZHN-200A-1
Fans for blowing cows
Milk cooler tank TCool comp 3~400V 7000 4 B II	RUB 1,678,838.00			RUB 1,828,838.00
Feed mixer Mix&Drive H 1700	RUB 2,816,550.00			RUB 2,816,550.00
Front loader 2008 Bobcat S250, USA
GAZELLE NEXT THERMAL VAN				RUB 2,675,580.00
refrigerator HT-050 II (rooftop)
Tractor MTZ Belarus-1021				RUB 2,805,000.00
Agricultural Trailer T711/2 - 10T				RUB 1,770,000.00
Gas boiler De Dietrich C230-210 Eco

Calculations are current for 2019

MS Word Volume: 51 pages

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Reviews (23)

A dairy farm business plan designed by professionals will help you cope with the difficulties that may arise when establishing such a business. Milk is a popular food product, it is invaluable for children, and adults cannot do without this useful product for a long time. Therefore, the production of milk with a competent approach will certainly allow you to withdraw dividends from this profitable undertaking.

Having studied the information on the organization of milk production, you will be able to obtain and process this product for the production of kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese and other vital food dairy products. Milk processing is often a top priority for a farm, and attention should be paid to the selection of livestock, avoiding inbreeding, and following the rules for managing this type of farm.

This information on the organization of a dairy is intended for entrepreneurs who are not afraid of undertakings and will be able to organize a profitable business, providing the population with fresh, environmentally friendly milk and dairy products, gradually increasing milk yields. Milking machines, high-quality drinkers, balanced feed and acceptable livestock keeping conditions will increase the profitability of a dairy production enterprise.

The presented sample document on the organization of dairy production will increase your chances of success in the agricultural segment of dairy cattle (cattle). You will be able to clearly navigate when making organizational, financial, administrative decisions. The specifics of this agricultural enterprise requires the cost of careful selection of qualified personnel, but it is necessary in modern conditions and will certainly bring you additional profit.

As the analysis of the domestic market of dairy products shows, the share of goods from the Russian manufacturer is gradually increasing, but still remains insufficient. Meanwhile, opportunities for entrepreneurs who decide to invest in the development of the agricultural sector are expanding. There are also risks that sometimes turn dairy farming into a kind of lottery.

Today, an entrepreneur planning to build a dairy business has two main ways to start a business: build a dairy farm from scratch or buy an old livestock complex and bring it to mind. The second option is preferable in terms of the timing of obtaining the necessary documentation.

The fact is that when building a farm from scratch, paperwork can drag on for a year or even more. Reconstruction of the existing complex simplifies the process of obtaining permits, as a result, it can be done in 2-3 months. This suggests that in this case it is more profitable to buy an old farm and make repairs in it than to get involved in the construction of a new barn.

Domestic farmers are entitled to certain state subsidies for business development. And yet, you should rely, first of all, on your own strength. Typically, opening dairy business requires massive capital investment. Specific figures depend on what funds will be required for the reconstruction of the livestock complex, the lease of land and the purchase of breeding stock. You can start with a herd of 200-300 heads, as the business develops, increasing production volumes.

As a rule, most entrepreneurs simultaneously with the production of milk are also involved in its processing. Pasteurized milk from farmers is in high demand, and such products can be actively supplied to nearby regions. The payback of a mini dairy is usually quite high, provided that you manage to negotiate with local merchants. The village milk delivery business can bring a lot of good profit, since the quality of such products largely satisfies the demand of domestic consumers.

When planning to open their own business - a dairy - entrepreneurs have to solve another important question: what breed of cows to breed on their farm. Most farmers prefer the Holstein breed. But at the same time, it should be taken into account that such cows are more demanding on the conditions of keeping and feeding, in contrast to locally bred cattle. In any case, a high-quality forage base is one of the key elements functioning of the complex. It is best to harvest most of the feed yourself, which will significantly reduce the cost of dairy products.

When organizing a business of production, processing and delivery of dairy products, do not forget about the need to use a document such as professional example dairy farm business plan with ready-made calculations. A good business plan is for a dairy farm of 200-300 heads, but based on the available data, this document can be easily adapted to your personal needs, regardless of the size of the herd.

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