Where to start farming. How to start an agricultural business - in Russia. "Development of family livestock farms"

The agricultural business is based on the cultivation of vegetables, fruits, herbs, farm animals and poultry. It's hard to say which one is the most profitable business in agriculture. It is all based on food production. Therefore, whether it is a dairy farm or a greenhouse for growing greenery, there will always be a buyer. Profitability vary depending on the type of activity.

Promising business for the village

Recently, there has been a tendency for urban residents to move to the countryside. This is due to the fact that in large cities it is difficult to find decent job due to strong competition, very high cost of housing or rent, large capital investments are required to start your own business.

IN countryside All these issues are solved much easier and faster. Do not think that it is impossible to establish your own business in a village or village. The countryside makes it possible to realize a large number of successful business ideas. Wherein stable income provided even at a significant distance from large cities and towns.

Let's get acquainted with a small but interesting list of profitable enterprises for rural areas:

Carp breeding in a pond;
Growing greens in a greenhouse;
Breeding poultry for meat and eggs;
Breeding of pigs, cows, sheep, rabbits and other animals;
Cultivation of ecologically clean agricultural crops;
Growing seedlings, seedlings, flowers and more;
Sawmill and woodworking;
Preparation of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants;
Production of canned cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants and other vegetables.

This list can be continued indefinitely. The countryside involves focusing on a specific area of activity - the cultivation and production of food. But no one will forbid the entrepreneur to organize rural tourism or engage in the production of elite wines.

The most stable business in agriculture

Some enterprising businessmen manage to make money out of thin air. But in agriculture, this method will not work. This will require not only long-term investments, but also extensive experience, knowledge, strong nerves and serious labor costs. Only resellers can get easy money on agricultural products. A person who decides to grow animals or vegetables will have to “sweat” very much before the first profit appears.

The most stable activities include:

Processing and storage of agricultural products;
Growing elite seeds;
Fertilizer production;
Trade in agricultural products.

The most risky business in agriculture

Due to certain features and the impact of a huge number of factors beyond human control, many activities in agriculture are very risky. Biggest risk cultivated plants outdoors. Incomprehensible weather conditions do not give any guarantee that the funds invested in growing plants will even pay off. With the same sowing and care, you can get a completely different harvest every year. At the same time, it is necessary to clearly maintain crop rotation, otherwise the next year you can completely lose the harvest.

Animal husbandry also belongs to the unstable areas of earnings. Prices for meat and milk are constantly changing, and raising animals is expensive, both for the acquisition of young animals and for their maintenance. But this does not mean that this business is not worth investing in. There are many examples where agricultural farms flourish and bring a lot of income to their owners.

What are the difficulties in organizing an agricultural business?

The organization of entrepreneurship in agriculture requires colossal material, physical and energy costs. Based on the all-Russian statistical indicators, despite the cost, such a business is highly profitable.

An entrepreneur has to deal with the following main problems and difficulties in doing business:

Changing the environmental situation for the worse;
Permanent change climatic conditions;
Epidemiological diseases of animals and birds that lead to pestilence or the need to exterminate the population;
Extermination of plant crops by insect pests;
Natural disasters: drought, hurricanes, heavy rains and more;
Increased state standards for products;
Constant control by the sanitary and epidemiological service;
Bureaucratic problems associated with obtaining certificates of quality, conformity and other documentation.

Officials very beautifully and promisingly describe all the delights of doing business in the agricultural industry. In fact, one has to face endless bureaucratic delays, lack of subsidies and assistance to small businesses.

Most Profitable Business

The profitability of a business can be determined based on several indicators. One of them is the presence of increased demand from the population. These indicators correspond to: poultry farming (breeding of chickens, quails and geese), growing fodder products, growing grain crops and pig breeding.

A profitable investment would include opening a dairy plant, provided milk is purchased from local farmers for a small fee. Buying milk for a penny, the plant receives a double profitability by selling packaged and processed products.

Detailed guide on how to open farming. What documents will be required and how much money should be invested? The answers are here.

Capital investments in peasant farms: from 770,000 rubles

Payback of the economy: 9-12 months

This article will consider how to open a farm from scratch.

For those who are not yet “in the know”, then: a farm (aka a peasant farm) is an enterprise that is engaged in the production and sale of agricultural products.

In the minds of many people, this definition can evoke associations with hundreds of hectares of fields, large livestock, and other similar pictures.

However, mini-production can be organized by any entrepreneur. And it is very profitable to conduct it.

And the analysis of development trends shows that in the future demand will only grow.

What are the main occupations involved in farming as a business?

Farming can be divided into several categories:

Plant growing.

A huge list of plants can be planted and sold in the Russian Federation.
But several types are especially popular:

various greens;
cereals;
vegetables;
berries and fruits.

Home farm (breeding).
There are several popular areas:
1. Cattle: cows and goats (for dairy and meat products), pigs, sheep (wool), rabbits;
2. fish breeding (trout, sturgeon, carp);
3. birds (chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys).
Additional areas of farming.
This is one of strengths farming.
Almost any type of activity allows for additional profit.
This is beneficial, because you use your own raw materials for manufacturing, and do not buy:
1. vegetables, berries, fruits can be frozen and sold;
2. dairy products can be used for the manufacture and sale of cottage cheese, sour cream, cheese, fermented baked milk;
3. if the farm produces grain, you can make flour from it or bake bakery products.

What are the characteristics of a farming business?

To open and run a farm profitably and legally, it is worth considering several distinctive features from other options. entrepreneurial activity:

Farming is often a family business.
After all, only people related by family ties and over 16 years old can be its members.
But do not think that you can only open a mini farm with such a small staff.
It is allowed to attract employees “from outside”, but not more than 5.
Each member of the farm is obliged to take a personal part in the production.
A farm can be called a farm if it produces at least 70% of agricultural products.
The state supports the farming business in every possible way, so entrepreneurs can count on assistance in buying equipment and even getting a piece of land for free.

How to open a farm: step by step instructions for collecting documents

Opening a farm is most often decided by a family.

But this does not mean that you will not need to register with the tax office!

Especially if you want to receive benefits or a piece of land from the state.

You can get a list of documents and instructions for registration from the law that regulates farming (N 74-FZ of June 11, 2003).

Only after all the papers are completed, you can start organizing the farm itself.

You need to start by finding a suitable piece of land, and then proceed to resolve other issues.

Analysis of the current situation in agriculture

Small business is now actively developing all over the world, and the Russian Federation is no exception.

Particularly noteworthy are such areas as trade, services and private farming.

The latter demonstrates a high level of profitability and finds every kind of support from the state.

If we evaluate the growth rate of agriculture as a whole, we can say about its fall.

It was replaced by technological progress, GMOs.

There are fewer and fewer able-bodied people left in the villages, and young people do not strive to devote themselves to farming.

But it is worth noting that on the wave of hobbies in a healthy way life, a boom in vegetarianism and a raw food diet, the demand for farming began to grow again.

But mainly for mini-production of home-made, absolutely environmentally friendly products.

This state of affairs gives excellent prospects for opening a farm.

There is no point in wasting time when competition is at a moderate level and farmer demand is starting to pick up.

How to open your own farm: choosing land for farming

The first thing that is important for an entrepreneur who decides to open a farm from scratch is a suitable plot of land.

At the start, it is not necessary to buy it, especially since not everyone has the appropriate starting capital.

For starters, rent it.

If the entrepreneurial activity is moving forward profitably, then it will be possible to return to the issue of buying in the future.

It is best to look for a farming area outside the city, away from any industrial facilities, major roads, and other farms.

But not at a great distance, so that you can quickly and cost-effectively transport farm products to buyers.

If you intend to plant plants or raise cattle, an environmentally friendly and safe environment is important.

Also, some features appear depending on the selected area of farming:

For breeding large cattle the plot of land should be large, have a sufficient area of lawns for grazing, a pond.
If the farm is beekeeping, there must be fields with flower stalks next to the apiary.
Otherwise, you will have to plant them yourself.
The presence of a reservoir is also important if you will be breeding waterfowl.

What kind of staff to hire in your farm?

Farming is extremely difficult, especially for a novice entrepreneur.

Therefore, even with all the knowledge necessary for work, a businessman needs to hire a staff of workers.

For each area of activity, the list of required positions will be different.

But for any farming niche related to animals, you cannot do without a key person - a veterinarian.

It will deal with the prevention or minimization of the main risk - animal diseases and quarantine.

Also, the veterinarian allows you to carry out childbirth at the highest level, that is, to increase the farm livestock in a natural way without the cost of purchasing. So investing in the best veterinarian is beneficial for the entrepreneur.

The rest of the list of hired people will look like this:

An ordinary peasant farm mini-farm: a butcher, a livestock specialist, a milkmaid, a manager, a cleaner.
Beekeeping: depends on the number of hives, usually there is 1 beekeeper for 10 of them.
Breeding rabbits or birds: a simple task, it is enough to hire 1-2 helpers.
But this is only true for mini farm production.
For a business with a thousand livestock, the number of employees will be ten times greater.

How to open a farm: sales outlets

Homemade natural products, which are obtained on farms, are in demand by many buyers.

For example, the main livestock product - meat - will be bought by restaurants, shops, and individuals.

There is also a demand for by-products of production - wool, down. Although the demand for them, of course, is lower than for meat.

Also, catering outlets and various trading companies will buy fruits, vegetables, herbs, and grains.

It should be borne in mind that in this case sales will take place in wholesale sizes, therefore the purchase cost for customers will be lower than the usual retail one.

If for crop production it is not difficult to trade in large quantities, then it is not so easy to collect sufficient volumes of honey.

So if you decide to breed bees on the scale of a full-fledged business, a mini apiary is not suitable for these purposes.

It will be necessary to purchase at least 50 bee colonies in order to produce the required volume of product.

Therefore, most often beekeeping is organized by the whole family - after all, it is almost impossible to serve such a large apiary yourself.

But at the same time, farming is very profitable, the level of profitability is at least 20-30%.

How much money do you need to start a farm?

The point that must be carefully calculated when is the size of the investment.

After all, everyone will have their own list of expenses, and, accordingly, the amount.

Most of it will be spent on renting the territory that will suit your agriculture.

Also, in the case of choosing animal husbandry, a lot of capital will be spent on the purchase of the first batch of animals or insects (beekeeping).

One of the significant advantages is the one-time cost of opening a farm.

In almost any other business, monthly infusions of considerable amounts are required.

An entrepreneur invests money in a peasant farm once and then works for himself.

An indicative list of expenses for starting a peasant business looks like this:

What are the risks for farming?

Having your own peasant business is definitely not the most risky thing, according to many.

However, in this area, in fact, there are many potential troubles that can ruin the economy and lead to losses.

The list for a specific selected area of KFH will be different, but the general list includes:

unfavorable weather conditions for plant growth,
various natural disasters
pest infestations,
diseases among livestock
quarantine zones for animals.

How profitable is it to have a farm,

in real numbers, a working farmer says:

How quickly will your peasant economy pay off?

The amount of investments from scratch will be determined by the particular sector in agriculture that the entrepreneur has decided to engage in.

Indeed, to open from scratch, a different list of equipment, the number of personnel, the type and cost of purchased consumables will be required.

Products obtained in agricultural production are in demand among all segments of the population.

The trend towards an organic lifestyle that has emerged in recent years has only reinforced the growing demand for natural products.

So if the above step-by-step instruction, how to open a farm, is performed by an entrepreneur point by point and he produces exclusively high-quality goods, the business at the peasant farm will flourish!

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Many people believe that rural life and farming are now irrelevant. But few people realize that a fairly large part of the goods on store shelves are the products of modern farms, and sometimes much simpler than in the city. In addition, such a business is quite affordable and, under certain conditions, even low-cost, it can combine several types of production, and the combinations themselves directly depend on the territories covered, preferences and profitability.

The agricultural business is not always exclusively farming. As a rule, this is not just raising cows, pigs, chickens and vegetables on the site. It presupposes a certain system of activity, which means that agriculture should include the distribution of income and expenses, a business plan and official registration of activities.

How to start farming from scratch?

Any business, regardless of the scale and amount of capital, should start with an idea. A person who decides to open his own farm must first determine which direction suits him best. After all, the farmstead is not only animal husbandry, but also crop production. If you combine them, then doing it anyhow is completely undesirable.

Advice: in order to correctly combine the areas of farming, it is necessary to study the features of growing certain types animals and plants to determine how compatible they are with each other. Some fruit crops, for example, absolutely cannot stand the presence of cattle nearby.

After the future farmer decides on the directions, he will need funds to implement the idea. And this is not only money, but also the territory, premises, food (for animals) and fertilizers (for plants). And, of course, be sure to register future business. Typically, this type of activity is registered as an individual entrepreneur.

animal husbandry

A farmer who decides to open a livestock farm can receive meat, eggs, milk, and skin from his farm. But at the same time, animal husbandry can be successfully combined with crop production, fish farming and beekeeping. Any animal requires proper care and compliance with sanitary standards.

Pig breeding

Pork is a very popular and expensive meat on the market. can be considered quite profitable business taking into account the fact that one sow, with proper care, brings up to 30 piglets per year, and one adult pig gives about 200 kilograms of meat and tallow products.

Advice: only monthly piglets should be purchased for breeding on the farm, so they will better adapt to the new “home”, will be less sick and not feel attached to the owner.

In the pig room, you should make several vents, constantly monitor the cleanliness of the pigsty and warm it for the winter. Crowding is not welcome either. The floor should be slotted. Pigs should be fed at the same time, while the pauses in feeding should not exceed 8 hours. For food, they eat greens (as large as possible), dairy and meat products, as well as special pig feed.

One piglet costs about 3.5-5 thousand rubles, depending on age, breed and region. For your own use, for starters, it will be enough for a couple of piglets for a divorce, provided that they are healthy and take root well.

Keeping cows, goats, sheep, horses

In general, horses, goats, cows and sheep are unpretentious in keeping. A good adult horse costs about 30-50 thousand rubles, a dairy cow about 40-50 thousand, sheep and goats - about 10-20 thousand rubles, depending on the breed. As a rule, all these animals eat grass and some edible fruits in summer. In winter - high-quality soft hay. Horses can be fed with oats, cows with compound feed.

Dairy cows are able to produce up to 30 liters of milk per day, goats - up to 5-8 liters, while goat's milk is considered a delicacy and is more valued. Horses are used as a draft force, and their meat is actively eaten. Sheep wool is a valuable material, and lamb meat is a popular delicacy. Today, they seem to be profitable and popular types of agricultural business. In winter, animals must be kept in a warm, spacious room separately from each other.

Breeding rabbits

Rabbits are able to give both meat and fur, while being quite unpretentious in breeding and keeping. Rabbits, as a rule, are kept on farms either in aviaries, pits, sheds, cages, or in a separate mini-farm. But whatever room the farmer chooses to keep, the following conditions must be met:

Absence of drafts and direct sunlight;
Complete diet;
Timely vaccination;
Purity;
Pure water;
Correct temperature.

The diet of rabbits should contain both fresh fruits of vegetables and seasonal fruits, as well as dry concentrated feed. In addition, it is useful to feed them grass and hay.

Fish farming

Today is very profitable business but requires a lot of investment and knowledge. Such a farm, as a rule, is built on artificial ponds of various types, depending on the species of fish and their number. But it is worth noting that it can occupy very large areas, which will require a lot of expenses.

Usually carp, carp, silver carp, pike perch, tench, carp are grown in ponds. Pond fish may well produce their own food, but feeding is still necessary. For this, the following are best suited: meal, cake, bran, compound feed. Top dressing, as a rule, begins in May with the help of “feeding tables” (heavy square wooden trays 0.5 x 0.5 m and 4-6 cm high. At least 4 “feeding tables” are usually required per 1 ha).

Beekeeping

Apiaries today bring good income to the beekeeper and some benefit to society. After all, bees not only produce honey, but also pollinate fruit plants. But how do you start a beekeeping business?

First of all, for an apiary, it is necessary to choose a deserted place away from roads and closer to the areas where honey plants grow. Next, hives are installed for 12-24 frames, which can be purchased or made by hand, and an omshanik (winter house).

The beekeeper should always have a set of power tools and a workbench with hand tools, as well as a rotary honey extractor, a bee smoker and overalls. Bees are purchased either by the so-called bee packages, or by full-fledged families.

poultry farming

On the farm, you can grow a wide variety of birds: both ordinary, which everyone is used to (chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys), and outlandish (carp, partridge, guinea fowl, peacocks, ostriches). It all depends on which market the farmer is targeting. You can even limit yourself to raising chickens. They will produce popular chicken meat and organic eggs, being unpretentious and inexpensive. Geese, ducks and turkeys are less in demand, but are 3-7 times more expensive. Carp, guinea fowl and peacocks are quite expensive and are sold, as a rule, to restaurants or private buyers.

In order to grow poultry, it is necessary to have an incubator, special aviaries that are insulated for the winter, feeders, drinkers and places for walking. As a rule, farmers buy either several pairs of birds for breeding, or young offspring for subsequent rearing, or eggs for laying in an incubator. Each method is good in its own way. Young chicks eat, as a rule, boiled eggs, cereals, cottage cheese, herbs, insects and special feed mixtures. Adults eat greens, feed mixtures with mineral and vitamin supplements, insects and grains (oats, wheat, barley).

crop production

The diet of any person consists not only of meat and fish products, but also of vegetables, fruits, berries and mushrooms. This means that crop production will always be an actual direction of the farming business.

Growing flowers

In the conditions of the farm, flowers can be grown for every taste. The most unpretentious (which is very important) are violets and roses. The profitability of the flower business is 70-300%, and the initial investment is about 500-600 thousand rubles, including the lease of land, the purchase of cuttings and incandescent lamps. In addition, it is important to remember about the arrangement of greenhouses with a constant microclimate and fertilized soil.

Growing vegetables and herbs

Vegetables on a farm can be grown in a variety of ways. It is worth noting that such as potatoes, carrots, beets, radishes and many others do not need to make greenhouses. But for tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplants and zucchini, they are necessary in the cold season. Most of the investments will be for the lease of land and their construction. Seeds do not require special costs, especially since later they can be harvested independently. With the right payback business is achieved in a maximum of 12 months.

mushroom cultivation

In a mushroom farm, a lot depends on what types of mushrooms the farmer is going to grow. The most whimsical (but also the most expensive) can be considered truffles (grown in the ground on seedlings with mycelium), the most common are oyster mushrooms and champignons. But they also require proper care. For their breeding, a special room with a constant microclimate and chambers in which bags of straw and mycelium will be placed will be required. If seedlings for truffles cost about 1.5-2 thousand rubles, then oyster mushrooms and champignons can be bought 5-6 times cheaper, while both mycelium and straw can be harvested independently in the future.

Growing fruits and berries

Greenhouses may be required for this (especially during the cold season), but some varieties can be grown outdoors. Starting capital for opening a strawberry business is enough and 100 thousand rubles plus 25-30 thousand monthly costs.

Growing raspberries requires a completely different approach. It is enough for her to purchase seedlings and prepare the site. Raspberries are grown, as a rule, in the warm season, and for the winter they are “dropped in” with earth to protect them from frost.

Apple trees, cherries, sea buckthorn are grown in gardens on a prepared site. This will require the purchase of seedlings, vaccinations, covering trees with a special film for the winter. As a rule, young trees bear fruit at least the next year. The profitability of the "fruit and berry" business is approximately 60-100%.

Activity registration

Any business, including agricultural, must be registered. This is done in several stages:

Payment of state duty;
Notarization of the application for registration;
Preparation and submission of a package of documents to the IFTS;
Obtaining ready registration documents;
Registration in funds;
Receiving a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
Opening a bank account.

How to rent land for farming?

Getting land for rent and legal business registration are not related, which means that you can first take care of the land. To do this, you will need to apply to the local administration with an application. After she considers the application, the future farmer will be provided with information about the location of the site. After that, it is necessary to invite representatives of the land management organization to the site for surveying, determining boundaries and photographing. Next, you will need to put the site on the cadastral register and obtain a cadastral passport. With all the documents, you must again contact the administration to issue a decision on the transfer of the site, and the lease agreement must be registered at the Federal Registration Center.

How to get government assistance for the development of agriculture?

In 2016, the state is actively providing assistance in the organization and development of agriculture, and today it is not difficult to get a grant from 1 to 4 million rubles for this. Grants are paid specifically for setting up a farm or as a lump sum for a farmer's home.

The grant is issued for:

Purchase or lease of land;
Project development;
Acquisition of equipment;
Conducting communications;
Acquisition of animals and materials for planting;
Purchase of fertilizers.

You may be eligible for payment:

Citizen Russian Federation working age;
A person who is the head of a peasant and farm enterprise registered for less than 24 months;
A person with education and experience in agriculture for at least 3 years.

To receive a grant, you must prepare:

Business plan;
Cost plan with prices;
Own funds in the amount of at least 10% of the grant.

In addition, you will need:

Creation of at least three jobs;
Upon receipt of a grant by the head of a peasant and farm enterprise - at least 5 years of experience;
The grant must be spent within 12 months of official receipt.

A novice farmer, as a rule, is granted a grant based on the results of a certain competition, which means that it is not enough just to present documents and a business plan, it is necessary that the business be relevant and profitable.

Advice: business in agriculture can be considered low-cost, but some investments will still be required. And sometimes even big enough. After all, the initial capital does not limit the expenses that will certainly appear during each month until the day when the business pays off and begins to generate income. Grant is a great solution to problems. But even if you fail to get it, the state provides assistance in other ways. Including you can get at a low interest rate and subsidized by the state.

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Contrary to popular belief, agricultural and, in particular, farm business hard to call old fashioned. Many animals and land modern people are associated with dirt, ugly clothes and other negative things. But without agriculture and farms, half of the products would not be on store shelves, and today's farms have long been stuffed with equipment and high technologies that maintain cleanliness, microclimate, and sometimes even do half the work for the farmer. In addition, it is worth noting that, according to all sanitary standards and food standards, farm products are environmentally friendly and nutritious. If we take into account the fact that in connection with the current crisis the state supports domestic producers, farmers constantly receive some assistance and can develop freely. A nice bonus will be the ease of marketing not only on store shelves, but also in cafes and restaurants.

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Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. It is sometimes easier to earn money in the countryside than in the city. Combining different types agricultural production can be done at a relatively low cost.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. This whole system. It implies the existence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition - a well-thought-out system of regulation of costs and revenues.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who decides to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On the farmstead, you can engage in both crop production and animal husbandry. The main thing is to think over everything correctly and make a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and the rearing of animals will be required. Before you become a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near the places where cattle are kept.

Having decided where to start farming, you will need to think about material and financial resources required by future business. Everything should be foreseen - from initial financial investments to the arrangement of premises for keeping animals, organizing the territory of the farm, purchasing feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future economy will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of IP.

Farming: activities

If you decide to open a livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and skin. In addition, no one will forbid to combine the cultivation of animals, crop production, fish breeding or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require proper quality care and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a closer look at exactly which directions can take place for individual entrepreneur in peasant farming.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand in the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this direction seriously, you can get up to 30 piglets from one sow during the year with good care. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and fat.

For breeding, piglets of a month old are usually purchased. They are less prone to disease, adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pigsty) should be kept clean, insulated in the winter and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to the regime, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), products of meat and dairy origin and special compound feed for pigs. One piglet can be purchased for an amount of 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and livestock area. You can breed pigs by starting with the purchase of a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer, they are all able to eat grass. They need soft hay for the winter. good quality. For top dressing, horses are given oats, and cows are given compound feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat's milk is higher, since it belongs to delicacies.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding, both goats and sheep, is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in the field of agriculture.

rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits, or sheds. The choice of premises for maintenance is a private matter of the farmer. However, certain conditions must be met:

Keep animals away from direct sunlight and drafts.
Provide adequate nutrition.
Do not forget about timely vaccination.
Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large amount of fresh fruits and vegetables according to the season with concentrated dry food. For top dressing, hay and grass are quite suitable for them.

Fish breeding

Today this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investments. Agricultural enterprises such as fish farms are most often arranged on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be different type. It depends on the volume of production and preferred species. Due to the need for a large area for the construction of a pond, the cost of this business may be overwhelming for a novice farmer.

Who can be most often found in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without top dressing. As it is taken bran, cake, feed.

Since about May, the fish have been fed on "feeding tables", which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of pond will require at least four of these "feeding tables" for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from the apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The place for the apiary is selected according to the principle of desertedness and remoteness from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives on 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter house). Beekeepers can buy hives or make their own. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and full-fledged families.

poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or exotic enough for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowls, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to go into poultry farming? As the most unpretentious option, the usual cultivation of chickens is suitable. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. The demand for ducks, geese and turkeys is somewhat less, but their cost is many times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowls, pheasants and peacocks, then know that this is quite an expensive occupation, and most likely private buyers or restaurants will have to sell them.

To grow poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special aviaries insulated for the winter, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers buy couples for divorce, or a certain amount of young offspring, which are subsequently grown. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own merits and demerits.

To feed young chicks, you will need cereals, boiled eggs, greens, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Crop growing has always been and remains one of the topical areas of rural business. Indeed, in the diet of any person, vegetables, fruits and berries are an indispensable component. In addition, in farm conditions it is quite possible to plant flowers. The flower business has high profitability(from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. On them you can rent land, buy cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of greens and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, like potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you plan to start growing greens, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Building them along with renting land will require quite a serious investment. Seed costs are relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them yourself. The payback of vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get the first serious harvest. If you can't decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are bred in a special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on seedlings for truffles. Much cheaper you can buy the basis for breeding champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to do strawberries, you can’t do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown outdoors. Such a business would require start-up capital about 100,000 rubles. Add to them another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown in a different way. For her, seedlings are purchased and the site is being prepared. It is being done in summer season, for the winter, bushes are added dropwise in order to protect against frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings, a special film for shelter for the winter. Harvest from young trees you will wait at best for the next year. Business on fruits and berries is profitable at the level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

How to start a farm in legal terms? Every business needs to be registered, and agricultural business is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist in paying the state duty, notarizing the relevant application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the IFTS. Next, you should wait for the issuance of ready-made documents, go through the registration procedure in the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat, which will contain statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can take care of renting a land plot even before the procedure legal registration. The lease application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is considered, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. There you will need to call representatives of the land management organization. They will survey and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is put on the cadastral register, an appropriate passport is issued.

After that, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement is required.

The state will help us

In recent years, assistance to young farms has been a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can be from one to four million rubles. It can be designed specifically to create a farm or have an order lump sum payment to a home device.

This money is purposefully issued to a novice farmer for renting or buying land, developing a project, acquiring the necessary equipment, conducting the required utilities, as well as buying materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can apply for such a payment

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms, whose registration period is less than 24 months. At the same time, it is necessary to have an education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that need to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of costs with prices. Size own funds, which will need to be invested in this case, must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The person who receives it is obliged to create three or more jobs and spend the issued funds within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of the future business. Such support can be considered a wonderful way to solve the problem of initial investment. In the case when the payment is denied, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a loan for farming. In addition, various options for government subsidies are possible.

Summing up

The modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the idea of which is firmly rooted in the minds of many (hard and dirty work, low-income and ungrateful). Today, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in growing animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the right microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Especially important is the financial support of the state in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the wide development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, sales problems finished products usually does not happen.

The state does everything possible to support entrepreneurs who are engaged in agriculture, so this niche began to attract many beginners. Farming has many advantages - wide markets, high income and quick payback. In this article, we will tell you how to become a farmer from scratch in our country.

Development prospects

From scratch in Russia is one of the most promising areas of activity for beginners living in rural areas. This is due to the following factors:

First of all, this is assistance from the state to farmers. Under certain conditions, any newcomer can receive a gratuitous subsidy, grant or tax benefits as support for his newly created farm;
Constant rise in food prices. This has a positive effect on the profitability of farms;
Farm products are always in demand in the market, as they are essential goods;
Domestic producers do not experience any restrictions on market access;
In this area, new areas of activity are constantly emerging, for example, breeding ostriches or pheasants;
Wide markets.

Business ideas 2019 with minimum investment in rural areas are an ideal basis for the development of a large-scale enterprise. If you work responsibly and manage to create a competent development strategy, the farm will bring significant income.

mushroom cultivation

Experienced businessmen often have to answer the question of how to become a farmer from scratch and where to start. They advise that before choosing an idea, you need to highlight the main aspects:

Possibility of fast learning;
Minimum starting capital;
Fast payback;
Great demand for products.

Fits all of these options. This idea has many advantages and allows you to get good profit. Mushrooms do not require special attention, so growing them will not take you much time.

If you have made a decision to want to become a farmer and are wondering where to start, then first of all you need to calculate the future costs. The amount of start-up capital largely depends on the scale of production, the variety of mushrooms that you will grow and the cost of seed. Let's try to calculate how much money is needed for one cycle of champignon production in a small farm:

Production of 30 tons of compost - 20 thousand rubles;
Mycelium - 10 thousand rubles;
Heating - 50 thousand rubles.
Total: 80 thousand rubles.

With 1 ton of compost, you can harvest 200 kg of champignons at 100 rubles per 1 kg. With 30 tons you will get 6 tons of mushrooms, worth 600 thousand rubles. If you are now interested in how to become a farmer from scratch at no cost, you can start growing mushrooms in small quantities, for example, in a country house or in the basement of a private house. Invest the earned money in the development of the enterprise and over time you will be able to achieve great success.

Growing vegetables in a greenhouse

Everyone knows that vegetables that are sold in stores in winter are grown in greenhouses. Sky-high prices are set for such products, and the manufacturer receives the bulk of the money from their sales. Based on this, it can be argued that own greenhouse farming is great idea how to become a farmer from scratch in Crimea and get help from the state.

It is desirable that your farm is located near markets, for example, in the near suburbs. Do not forget to provide convenient access roads for the export of finished products. How to build a polycarbonate greenhouse with your own hands for winter cultivation can be found from experts or from thematic literature.

Before you become a farmer from scratch in the field of vegetable growing, carefully consider where you will take the finished product. The easiest option is to sell the crop through wholesalers, but they offer low prices, so the profit from growing vegetables will be insignificant. Another option - retail. In this case, you will have to equip outlet and hire a salesperson. Many farmers sell their finished products to restaurants and processors.

The profitability of this business largely depends on climatic conditions and the choice of culture. It is most profitable to focus on expensive goods, since in the summer many vegetables are grown in the open field and their prices are significantly reduced during the season. In this regard, your costs for greenhouse cultivation may not pay off. Once you have a net income, you can think about how to become a vegetable farmer on a larger scale.

Production of organic products

Recently, the demand for organic products has been on the rise. Many entrepreneurs make good money from this. If you have your own plot of land and are wondering how to become a farmer from scratch, farming might be the perfect place to start. Its main advantage is a low entry threshold. A small eco-farm can be organized on your own personal plot. This is the easiest way to become a beginner farmer.

Production organic products- one of the most promising niches on the market. If you are attracted to such a line of activity, you should not completely rely on your own knowledge and intuition. Before becoming a farmer in Russia from scratch in the field of organic farming, consult with a qualified specialist. He will tell you which crops are best grown in your area and how to properly care for them. If you choose the right time for planting, you can harvest two crops in one season. For example, first you sow radishes, which ripen in 40 days, after which you plant tomatoes or peppers in their place. Proper selection of crops will allow you to increase income at times.

Breeding Vietnamese pigs

Do you want to know how to become a pig farmer? This area of activity is characterized by broad development prospects. High-quality fresh meat is always in demand in the market, so its prices are consistently high. Pig breeding attracts many farmers with its simplicity technological process. All you have to do is raise the pigs and sell the meat. The only obstacle is the big financial investments.

If you do not have a large start-up capital, start by breeding Vietnamese bellied pigs. This breed has many advantages over conventional white pigs:

Due to their high immunity, animals do not need regular vaccination;
Vietnamese pigs are herbivorous, so you don’t have to buy a lot of expensive grain feed to grow them;
Females reach sexual maturity at 4 months and males at 6 months;
Great fertility.

If you do not understand anything about pig breeding, contact entrepreneurs who have been engaged in this business for a long time. They will tell you how to become a farmer from scratch, what you need to do for this. Experienced breeders believe that it is more profitable for a tribe than for meat. All investments pay off literally after the first litter. Since piglets can be sold at 3-4 weeks of age, you will spend almost nothing on their maintenance. The most important thing is a responsible attitude and diligence, success is guaranteed to you.

Growing bulls for meat

Rural residents often ask how to become a farmer from scratch and whether they give initial capital if they turn to the state for help. If you provide a sound business plan and can convince the commission that your activity will really bring benefits, in principle, you can count on financial support. But this does not mean that you can start without having your own Money. Before becoming a farmer in Russia, you need to put together at least a small start-up capital or start with the simplest ideas, for example, growing vegetables in your own backyard.

Now let's talk about how to become a farmer from scratch in the livestock sector. For example, you can start breeding gobies for meat. If you have enough money to raise 10 calves, you should not chase a high income and take 20 calves for fattening. Do not forget that young bulls cannot be kept without walking. When the animals become adults, it is better to keep them in a barn or under a canopy, since grown bulls can be a danger to others. In order for animals to quickly gain weight, you need to include juicy and grain feeds in their diet. When the bulls gain weight of 300-350 kg, they can be sold for 40-45 thousand rubles. As you can see, this is quite a profitable business, but before becoming a livestock farmer from scratch, you need to prepare for the fact that the business will take you a lot of time and effort, as animals require care and attention.

Growing remontant raspberries

What to do in the village to earn money? A good business idea is growing raspberries. It is suitable for anyone who has a small plot of land. The amount of starting capital depends on the choice of raspberry variety. In any case, the implementation of such a project will not require large financial investments. True, such a business is seasonal, but if you work hard, you can get a good addition to the family budget.

- This is a simple, but rather troublesome business. It is necessary to make trellises that will support the branches. In addition, you will have to regularly remove young growth and weeds. If you do not take care of raspberries, they will start to run wild. Income largely depends on both demand and the market price of this product. Raspberries can be sold in bulk to stores and processing plants, or sold on the market at a retail price. Or combine all these options for the sale of finished products.

According to experts, growing raspberries is the easiest way to become a farmer from scratch in the field of crop production. The profitability of growing remontant raspberries reaches the level of 65%. All initial investments pay off in 3.5 years. If you want to increase your income, you can sell cuttings and shoots.

Goose breeding

Great idea how to become a successful farmer from scratch in our country. This is a fairly profitable business that does not require significant financial investments.

Let's try to figure out how to become a farmer and where to start? First of all, you will need a room with an area of 150 square meters. meters. It can contain 1000 birds. It must be insulated, as geese can freeze their paws or beak. The construction of such a room will be too expensive, so it is better to rent some kind of abandoned poultry house.

The biggest costs are the purchase of young animals and feed. If you do not have your own money, ask the local administration how to become a farmer from scratch and receive a subsidy from the state. Such financial aid can be a good basis for the development of your business.

Summing up, I would like to note the following: if you have experience in the field of poultry breeding and have in mind an abandoned poultry house with an adjacent land plot and a small pond, you can safely engage in breeding geese. This is one of the easiest and most profitable options on how to become a farmer from scratch in 2019.

Breeding laying hens for eggs

Let's think about what you can earn in the village? There are many ideas that can be successfully implemented in rural areas. The simplest of them is the breeding of chickens. If create good conditions for laying hens, from a hundred heads you will receive 80–85 eggs daily. You can also sell chicken manure. It is used as a fertilizer for plants. When the chickens begin to produce fewer eggs, they can be slaughtered and sold, and chickens can be purchased again for the proceeds.

It does not require any significant financial or time costs from you. The bird needs to be fed and watered on time, as well as to clean up the droppings after them. On all this you will spend no more than two hours a day. That's all it takes to become a farmer in this field. There are usually no problems with the sale of eggs, since this product is always in demand on the market.

If you are looking for ideas on how to become a farmer from scratch in the poultry industry, start by raising laying hens and gradually develop your business. All investments pay off in 8 months, after which you reach a net income. If you sell not only eggs, but also meat, chickens, the farm will prosper.

Pheasant breeding

While watching videos on the Internet on how to become a farmer from scratch, you have probably come across this original ideas like breeding pheasants. This is a very interesting and rather profitable type of entrepreneurial activity, but in our country it is not yet very popular. Local breeders have no experience in breeding such an exotic bird, which negatively affects the development of this business.

Pheasant meat is purchased by many shops and restaurants. If you manage to properly organize the marketing of finished products, the business will flourish. In Russia, pheasants are also bought by many hunting farms, which arrange hunting for them for wealthy people. On average, one pheasant can be sold for $10, while its cost is $5-6. will require some financial investment from you. All investments pay off in 2-3 years.

conclusions

It is quite profitable, but at the same time a troublesome business. The level of profitability depends on the scale of the farm, pricing policy and sales volumes of finished products. The more cash you can get, the faster your business will grow.

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